1) The circadian oscillators in eukaryotes that have been studied function using a negative feedback loop in which proteins inhibit their own transcription in a cycle that takes approximately 24 hours. (wikipedia.org)
The mitochondrial gene content is highly variable across eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)
Eukaryotes have developed highly effective immune mechanisms for protection against microbial pathogens using pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) as the first line of defense. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell surface-attached carbohydrate-binding domain, present in eukaryotes and assumed to have horizontally transferred to eubacterial genomes. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The endonucleolytic tRNA cleavage is a conserved feature in higher eukaryotes. (prolekarniky.cz)
The N- glycosylation is an essential protein modification taking place in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotes and the plasma membranes in archaea. (biomedcentral.com)
However, unlike eukaryotes and bacteria, there was no induction of DNA repair proteins in response to DNA damage, probably because these are expressed constitutively to deal with increased damage arising due to high growth temperatures. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to DNA repair proteins, bacteria and eukaryotes have damage response pathways whose function is to detect DNA damage and modulate cellular processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, protein synthesis by the cytosolic ribosomes of eukaryotes does not involve the formylation of N-terminal Met. (microbialcell.com)
One possibility is that the similarity of the formyl and acetyl groups, their identical locations in N‑terminally formylated (Nt‑formylated) and Nt-acetylated proteins, and the recently discovered proteolytic function of Nt-acetylation in eukaryotes might also signify a proteolytic role of Nt‑formylation in bacteria. (microbialcell.com)
We suggest that the faster emergence of nascent proteins from bacterial ribosomes is one mechanistic and evolutionary reason for the pretranslational design of bacterial fMet/N‑degrons, in contrast to the cotranslational design of analogous Ac/N‑degrons in eukaryotes. (microbialcell.com)
Eukaryotic proteins2
Members of the discoidin (DS) domain family, which includes the C1 and C2 repeats of blood coagulation factors V and VIII, occur in a great variety of eukaryotic proteins, most of which have been implicated in cell-adhesion or developmental processes. (embl-heidelberg.de)
More than half of all eukaryotic proteins are glycoproteins, and 90 % of those are N- glycosylated [ 33 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Genes7
determined that the KaiABC protein complex was responsible for the circadian negative feedback loop in Synechococcus by mapping 19 clock mutants to the genes for these three proteins. (wikipedia.org)
A positionally conserved ORF has been found on the complementary strand of the cox1 genes of both eukaryotic mitochondria (protist, plant, fungal and animal) and alpha-proteobacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
The number of mitochondrial protein genes is believed to vary from 3 to 67, while the tRNA gene content varies from 0 to 27 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Typical triploblastic animal mtDNAs contain genes that encode the large and small subunit ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and 13 proteins that are all components of the oxidative phosphorylation process: ATPase subunits 6 and 8 (ATP6 and 8), cytochrome b (Cyt b), cytochrome c oxidase subunits 1-3 (Cox1-3) and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1-6 and 4L (ND1-6 and 4L). (biomedcentral.com)
This search has led to the observation of an unknown, positionally conserved open reading frame (ORF) on the complementary strand of eukaryotic cox1 genes. (biomedcentral.com)
In mature chloroplasts, it continues to transcribe housekeeping genes like the subunits of the plastid-encoded polymerase (rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1, and rpoC2) and proteins involved in fatty acid biosynthesis such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase (accD). (igem.org)
Ancestral mitochondrial Forsx typically have characteristics of eubacterial genomes, including eubacterial-like ribosomes, a complete or almost complete set of tRNA genes, few Dudelangf, little noncoding DNA between genes, genes organized into eubacterial-like clusters, and the use of only universal codons. (forexrin.com)
Amino acid2
Despite an evolutionary distance of at least 1.5 to 2.0 billion years, the deduced Gau proteins share some conserved amino acid signatures and structure, which suggests a possible conserved function. (biomedcentral.com)
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) enter ribosome-mediated protein biosynthesis in a translationally competent state, which includes post-transcriptional modifications at various positions, including the anticodon loop, and the presence of an intact single-stranded CCA-sequence at the 3′-terminus that is required for amino acid attachment by the corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase [7] . (prolekarniky.cz)
Single-stranded2
An oxidative-stress activated nuclease, angiogenin, cleaves first within the conserved single-stranded 3′-CCA termini of all tRNAs, thereby blocking their use in translation. (prolekarniky.cz)
When DNA damage occurs, a damage signal corresponding to the strand exchange protein RecA bound to single-stranded DNA causes the LexA repressor to be degraded, resulting in the induction of transcription of a large number of repair proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Oxidized cysteine residues are highly reactive and can form functional covalent conjugates, of which the allosteric redox switch formed by the lysine-cysteine NOS bridge is an example. (hokudai.ac.jp)
Degradation3
The RadA/Sms family are probable ATP-dependent proteases involved in both DNA repair and degradation of proteins, peptides, glycopeptides. (wikipedia.org)
Cells maintain their internal homeostasis by adequate reprogramming of metabolic activities at all levels of gene expression, including chromatin remodeling, mRNA expression and degradation, translation and protein degradation. (prolekarniky.cz)
We addressed this hypothesis about fMet‑based degradation signals, termed fMet/N-degrons, using specific E. coli mutants, pulse-chase degradation assays, and protein reporters whose deformylation was altered, through site-directed mutagenesis, to be either rapid or relatively slow. (microbialcell.com)
Bacterial5
There are no clear archaeal homologues of either bacterial LexA or of eukaryal proteins involved in the transcriptional response to DNA damage, such as p53. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacterial proteins are synthesized by ribosomal RNA complexes which are composed of 2 subunits, a large subunit (50s) and small (30s) subunit, which forms a 70s ribosomal subunit. (drugbank.com)
Continuous production of defective proteins eventually leads to bacterial death. (drugbank.com)
Starting with a degron: N-terminal formyl-methionine of nascent bacterial proteins contributes to their proteolytic control. (microbialcell.com)
The formylation of N-terminal Met in bacterial proteins is not strictly essential for either translation or cell viability. (microbialcell.com)
Regulatory4
We identify conserved TFs among these strains and suggest possible regulatory interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
The analysis presented herein highlights the complexity of regulatory networks in S. aureus strains, identifies key conserved TFs among the Staphylococacceae , and offers unique insights into several as yet uncharacterized TFs. (biomedcentral.com)
Plastid parts offer the benefit of highly conserved regulatory sequences that can be used across species. (igem.org)
A clear response to DNA damage was observed, with down-regulation of the DNA replication machinery, changes in transcriptional regulatory proteins, and up-regulation of the biosynthetic enzymes for beta-carotene, which has UV protective properties, and proteins that detoxify reactive oxygen species. (biomedcentral.com)
RecA1
Also in the KaiC family is RadA/Sms, a highly conserved eubacterial protein that shares sequence similarity with both RecA strand transferase and lon protease. (wikipedia.org)
Chromatin1
There was, however, a clear transcriptional response, including repression of DNA replication and chromatin proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular3
In molecular biology, the cyanobacterial clock proteins are the main circadian regulator in cyanobacteria. (wikipedia.org)
With growing therapeutic potential, however, the molecular complexity increases, thus intensifying the demand for innovative protein engineering and analytical strategies. (bvsalud.org)
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), also referred to as microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMPs), are highly conserved and essential molecules common to entire classes of microbes but are absent from the host. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacteria2
The origin of the eukaryotic N- glycosylation pathway is not unique and less straightforward than previously thought: some basic components likely have proteoarchaeal origins, but the pathway was extensively developed before the eukaryotic diversification through multiple gene duplications, protein co-options, neofunctionalizations and even possible horizontal gene transfers from bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
In bacteria, all nascent proteins bear the pretranslationally formed N-terminal formyl-methionine (fMet) residue. (microbialcell.com)
Sequence1
Here, we present results of a recent search of the protein sequence database for new DS domains using generalized profiles, a sensitive multiple alignment-based search technique. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Ribosomal1
Paromomycin inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 16S ribosomal RNA. (drugbank.com)
Mitochondrial1
Immunohistochemical analyses using an anti-Gau monoclonal antibody revealed strict co-localization of Gau proteins and a mitochondrial marker. (biomedcentral.com)
Cysteine1
C': conserved cysteine involved in a disulphide bond. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Strand1
Base excision repair proteins, for example, are common to all three domains of life, whilst double-strand break repair appears to be at least partially conserved between eukarya and archaea. (biomedcentral.com)
Performs1
The giant protein titin performs structure-preserving functions in the sarcomere and is important for the passive stiffness (Fpassive) of cardiomyocytes. (bvsalud.org)
Experiment1
In this study, we confirmed that both GrmH and GrmL, which were shown to constitute a protein complex by a co-purification experiment, were required to catalyze the dehydration, epimerization, and proteolytic cleavage of a precursor peptide GrmA by in vivo experiments. (hokudai.ac.jp)
Function1
One likely function of fMet/N-degrons is the control of protein quality. (microbialcell.com)
Horizontal1
It was proposed that this polymerase is a remnant of a horizontal gene transfer from a bacterium to a eubacterial ancestor of today's plant cells [3] [4] . (igem.org)
Modification1
N-Formimidoylation/-iminoacetylation modification in aminoglycosides requires FAD-dependent and ligand-protein NOS bridge dual chemistry. (hokudai.ac.jp)
Found1
In the Dictyostelium discoideum (Slime mold) cell adhesion protein discoidin, a related domain, named discoidin I-like domain, DLD, or DS, has been found which shares a common C-terminal region of about 110 amino acids with the FA58C domain, but whose N-terminal 40 amino acids are much less conserved. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Domain4
The N-terminal domain of KaiA, from cyanobacteria, acts as a pseudo-receiver domain, but lacks the conserved aspartyl residue required for phosphotransfer in response regulators. (wikipedia.org)
Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing FA58C domain. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The complete taxonomic breakdown of all proteins with FA58C domain is also avaliable . (embl-heidelberg.de)
Click on the protein counts, or double click on taxonomic names to display all proteins containing FA58C domain in the selected taxonomic class. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Repair1
In general, the aim is to ensure that DNA repair proteins are activated and that DNA replication is delayed until repair can be completed. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell3
Cell biological experiments are needed to determine the physiological role of this protein. (biomedcentral.com)
PKD-dependent site-specific titin phosphorylation in vivo was quantified by mass spectrometry using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) of SILAC-labeled mouse heart protein lysates that were mixed with lysates isolated from hearts of either wild-type control (WT) or cKO mice. (bvsalud.org)
While one batch of cell free extract generation might be perfectly suited for efficient protein production, other batches might not perform that well. (igem.org)
Plant1
For example, the virulent model bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato ( Pto ) DC3000 translocates 28 or more effector proteins into plant cells via the type III secretion system (T3SS), some of which are known to suppress PTI [ 5 - 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Domains2
There are 23298 FA58C domains in 16898 proteins in SMART's nrdb database. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The comparison of several polyisoprenol-based glycosylation pathways from the three domains of life shows that most of the implicated proteins belong to a limited number of superfamilies. (biomedcentral.com)