• Maskin is definitely a member of the transforming acidic coiled-coil (TACC) website family of proteins, which discuss a highly conserved N terminal website of 200 amino acid residues. (euromed2016.com)
  • in which semi-conserved residues involved in nucleotide binding are located in five motifs, called G1-G5. (expasy.org)
  • STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. (umbc.edu)
  • Importantly, one other individual meats directly influence Aurora T localization, and phosphorylation of conserved residues in the C terminus of INCENP greatly raises Aurora B kinase activity. (smadpathway.com)
  • The proteins encoded by members of the Dbl family share a common domain, presented in this entry, of about 200 residues (designated the Dbl homology or DH domain) that has been shown to encode a GEF activity specific for a number of Rho family members. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • In fact, amplification of genes by over replication of certain regions of DNA is one of the primary mechanisms by which cancer cells become resistant to drug therapy. (nih.gov)
  • some of lost genes are homologous to those of host cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • This domain occurred 371 times on human genes ( 849 proteins). (umbc.edu)
  • ChIP-seq experiments in growing Tetrahymena show H3.3 enrichment over the promoters, gene bodies, and transcription termination sites of highly transcribed genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It can be applied to reveal highly correlative gene sets and explore potential biomarker genes or therapeutic targets according to the internal connectivity of gene clusters and the associations between gene clusters and phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between wild type plants and STTM159 transgenic plants showed that genes involved in cell division, auxin, cytokinin (CK) and brassinosteroids (BRs) biosynthesis and signaling are significantly down-regulated in STTM159 plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further analysis from the RNA-seq data showed that the decreased cell divisions in STTM159 transgenic plants may result, at least partly from the lower expression of the genes involved in cell cycle and hormone homeostasis, which provides new insights of rice miR159-specific functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since identification of EZH2 in the research of protooncogene product Vav [ 3 ], studies have shown that EZH2 is highly expressed in tumorigenesis, which regulates the expression of tumor suppressor genes, such as in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The analysis of both authentic Dorsal target genes and defined synthetic promoters suggests that the ectopic gradient is sufficient to generate the full repertory of DV patterning responses along the AP axis of the embryo. (sdbonline.org)
  • From experimentally validated target genes of these 86 miRNAs, pan-sensitive and pan-resistant genes with concordant mRNA and protein expression associated with in-vitro drug response to 19 NCCN-recommended breast cancer drugs were selected. (cdc.gov)
  • This protein was shown to interact with mitotic checkpoint proteins including Mad2, p55CDC and BUBR1, and thus may be involved in controlling the timing of mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The G 2 gap phase further separates S-phase from mitosis, allowing for continued cell growth and maturation before cell division. (rupress.org)
  • Thus, the products of chromosome replication (sister chromatids) generated during S-phase must be identified over time until mitosis when sisters associate with the mitotic spindle and segregate away from each other into the newly forming daughter cells. (rupress.org)
  • We characterized dCTCF-binding sites according to their occupancy status during the cell cycle, and identified three classes: interphase-mitosis-common (IM), interphase-only (IO) and mitosis-only (MO) sites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The preprophase band (PPB) is a transient ring of microtubules that forms before mitosis in land plants, and delineates the cytokinetic division plane established at telophase. (silverchair.com)
  • It is required in higher cells for entry into S-phase and mitosis. (caslab.com)
  • During mitosis, the lamina matrix is reversibly disassembled as the lamin proteins are phosphorylated. (nih.gov)
  • a vegetative division, whereby each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell (mitosis), and a reproductive cell division, whereby the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half to produce haploid gametes (meiosis). (mathisfunforum.com)
  • In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle, in which, replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • The different stages of mitosis all together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle-the division of the mother cell into two genetically identical daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • After growth, cell division by mitosis allows for continual construction and repair of the organism. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • Eukaryotic cell divisions can be classified as mitosis (equational division) and meiosis (reductional division). (mathisfunforum.com)
  • C ) Expansion of both the undifferentiated (A spermatogonia) and differentiated (A1 spermatogonia) spermatogonial populations occurs by mitosis of these cell types, regulated in part by FSH. (jci.org)
  • One of the repessor elements is the evolutionarily conserved GUCU replicate. (euromed2016.com)
  • It does not share significant sequence homology with other subtypes of small G-protein GEF motifs such as the Cdc25 domain and the Sec7 domain, which specifically interact with Ras and ARF family small GTPases, respectively, nor with other Rho protein interactive motifs, indicating that the Dbl family proteins are evolutionarily unique. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Helper NLRs (hNLRs) with their characteristic RPW8 domain function downstream of diverse sNLRs and are evolutionarily conserved. (ubc.ca)
  • We used isolated nuclei from virus infected cells supplemented with cytoplasm, and discovered that viral replicating chromosomes could continue replication in the absence of a nucleus. (nih.gov)
  • Subcellular analysis indicated that OsCDC48:YFP fusion proteins were located both in the cytoplasm and nucleus. (jipb.net)
  • Trafficking between the nucleus and cytoplasm occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which consist of ca. thirty distinct proteins called nucleoporins. (nih.gov)
  • In interphase cells, GTP-bound Ran (Ran-GTP) is the major form in nucleus while GDP-bound Ran (Ran-GDP) is the predominant form in cytoplasm. (nih.gov)
  • The asymmetrical distribution of Ran-GTP and Ran-GDP drives cargo transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm through karyopherins, a family of nuclear transport carrier proteins that bind to Ran-GTP. (nih.gov)
  • which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane of one cell into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • The passage of a cell through the cell cycle is controlled by proteins in the cytoplasm. (ptgcn.com)
  • Thus specific inhibition of individual proteins or signalling pathways holds a great potential for subversion of this genetic plasticity of cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy have been used to assay the roles of BCAS2 within the DSBs of PCa cells and apoptosis in Drosophila, respectively. (phylocommons.org)
  • BCAS2 helped restore radiation-induced DSBs effectively in each human PCa cells and Drosophila. (phylocommons.org)
  • Our results revealed different functions of dCTCF during the cell cycle and suggested that dCTCF might contribute to the establishment of the three-dimensional architecture of the Drosophila genome by maintaining local chromatin compartments throughout the whole cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dorsoventral (DV) patterning of the Drosophila embryo is initiated by a broad Dorsal (Dl) nuclear gradient, which is regulated by a conserved signaling pathway that includes the Toll receptor and Pelle kinase. (sdbonline.org)
  • [1] pl. mitochondria ) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes , such as animals , plants and fungi . (wikipedia.org)
  • [20] This finding has led to general acceptance of the endosymbiotic hypothesis - that free-living prokaryotic ancestors of modern mitochondria permanently fused with eukaryotic cells in the distant past, evolving such that modern animals, plants, fungi, and other eukaryotes are able to respire to generate cellular energy . (wikipedia.org)
  • CTCF is one of the main architecture proteins in higher eukaryotes, and in combination with other architecture proteins and regulators, also shapes the three-dimensional organization of a genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Termination of protein synthesis in eukaryotes involves at least two polypeptide release factors (eRFs) - eRF1 and eRF3. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In most eukaryotes, two classes of histones have been described: (1) replicative or canonical histones, expressed only during the S phase of the cell cycle, which are assembled onto chromatin in a DNA replication-dependent (RD) manner, and (2) variant histones, which differ in their primary amino acid sequences, are expressed throughout the cell cycle, and can be deposited in a replication-independent (RI) fashion [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eukaryotes have evolved complex regulatory systems to ensure the cell cycle continues in a timely and appropriate way. (smadpathway.com)
  • Peptide determinants of RF1 and RF2 involved in the specificity of stop codon recognition have been identified: in both cases a tripeptide (PAT for RF1 and SPF for RF2) was located in the homologous region of both proteins [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Homologous chromosomes are separated in the first division, and sister chromatids are separated in the second division. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • In meiosis, typically in Meiosis-I the homologous chromosomes are paired and then separated and distributed into daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • Examination of hDcp1a and hDcp1b proteins by electrophoresis in mitotic cell extracts showed a pronounced slower migrating band, which was caused by hyper-phosphorylation of the protein. (tau.ac.il)
  • Using truncations of hDcp1a we localized the region important for hyper-phosphorylation to the center of the protein. (tau.ac.il)
  • Our work demonstrates the control of PB dynamics during the cell cycle via phosphorylation. (tau.ac.il)
  • 2005). Activation of translation of these mRNAs is definitely mediated by cytoplasmic polyadenylation, a process initiated by phosphorylation of CPEB which leads to dissociation of the deadenylase PARN and polyadenylation of the mRNA from the default activity of the cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase Gld-2 (De Moor et al. (euromed2016.com)
  • Phosphorylation of Maskin and the binding of poly(A) binding protein (PAB) to the elongated poly(A) tail itself have been implicated with this translational activation (Cao et al. (euromed2016.com)
  • EEF2K is highly expressed in heart and skeletal muscle, suggesting that EEF2 phosphorylation may be particularly important in muscle. (signalchem.com)
  • This essay introduces FtsZ as a highly conserved protein involved in septum formation and its regulation in model organsisms, and gives examples on diviations from these rules that mainly comes from studies on nonmodel organisms. (hideyuki-ts.com)
  • Accumulating evidence highlights emerging functions of RBPs in the post-transcriptional regulation of inner ear development and hair cell function. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • EEF2K is involved in the regulation of protein synthesis. (signalchem.com)
  • The structure, regulation, and cell types of the mouse testis. (jci.org)
  • Biochemical data have established the role of the conserved DH domain in Rho GTPase interaction and activation, and the role of the tandem PH domain in intracellular targeting and/or regulation of DH domain function. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The Rho family of GTP-binding proteins has been implicated in the regulation of various cellular functions including actin cytoskeleton-dependent morphological change. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Dbl targets Rho family proteins thereby stimulating their GDP/GTP exchange, and thus is believed to be involved in receptor-mediated regulation of the proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Hancock, 2004), and cell volume regulation (Garner and technique known as magnetic relaxation dispersion (MRD). (lu.se)
  • dCTCF-binding sites of the same class preferentially localized closer to each other, and were highly enriched at chromatin syntenic and topologically associating domains boundaries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is possible that CTCF, through using different combinations of zinc fingers, interacting with different protein partners, and the last but not the least, employing various post-translational modifications, could mediate extensive intra- and inter-chromatin interactions [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, it is likely that CTCF plays a conserved role in chromatin domain organization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results indicate that Cac2 and Hir1 have distinct localization patterns during different stages of the Tetrahymena life cycle and suggest that Cac2 might be dispensable for chromatin assembly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results provide an evolutionary perspective on H3.3's conserved role in maintaining the transcriptional landscape of cells and on the emergence of specialized chromatin assembly pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lamin proteins are thought to be involved in nuclear stability, chromatin structure and gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • As one of the two distinct complexes, namely, Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2, PRC2 mediates gene silencing by modulating chromatin structure [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This protein is a component of anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which is composed of eight protein subunits and highly conserved in eucaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The CPC includes, as well as Aurora B, three regulatory subunits: the inner centromeric protein, Survivin, and Borealin/Dasra W. Beginning in prophase, the CPC localizes to condensing chromosomes and steadily concentrates at the internal centromere where one function would be to correct poor Infectious causes of cancer spindle kinetochore devices. (smadpathway.com)
  • Association of the proto-oncogene product dbl with G protein betagamma subunits. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Here, we show the association of Dbl with G protein betagamma subunits (Gbetagamma) in transient co-expression and cell-free systems. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Upon division, the slow cycling limbal epithelial stem cells give rise to daughter cells known as transient amplifying (TA) cells. (molvis.org)
  • The goal of our research is to comprehensively understand the conserved nature of epithelial morphogenesis. (lsu.edu)
  • The precise mechanism by which Lin28B and let7 miRNA regulate mTORC1 activity in cochlear epithelial cells awaits further investigation. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The ccRCC cell lines A498 and 786-O and the normal renal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 were also tested for CMTM4 expression by western blotting. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our work shows, for the first time, that there is a role for telomerase in adult cells beyond promoting tumor formation. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Mutant allele frequencies were at 40-50% , suggesting that the mutation was present in most or all tumor cells. (massgenomics.org)
  • Formation of active Hsp90/Cdc37 complex is one of the essential steps for facilitation of chaperone client interaction, non-assembly of which can lead to prevention of the chaperone-client association resulting in apoptosis of tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Maskin is definitely thought to repress translation of cyclin B1 and c-mos mRNA in oocytes through its conversation with the RNA binding protein cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein (CPEB) and the cap binding initiation element eIF-4E (De Moor and Richter, 1999;Stebbins-Boaz et al. (euromed2016.com)
  • Live-cell imaging demonstrated that serine mutations in other regions of the protein affected the dynamics of hDcp1a association with the PB structure. (tau.ac.il)
  • Any of sup45-n mutations result in temperature sensitivity (37°C). Most of the sup45-n mutations lead to decreased spore viability and spores bearing sup45-n mutations are characterized by limited budding after germination leading to formation of microcolonies of 4-20 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)
  • Cell division cycle protein 27 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDC27 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene shares strong similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein Cdc27, and the gene product of Schizosaccharomyces pombe nuc 2. (wikipedia.org)
  • CF27-specific gene clusters which have been analyzed were expressed by both ferrous iron-grown and sulfur-attached cells, indicating that they are not pseudogenes and may play a role in both situations. (frontiersin.org)
  • The cdc25 gene product is a tyrosine phosphatase that acts as an initiator of M-phase in eukaryotic cell cycles by activating p34 cdc2 . (biologists.com)
  • The highly conserved translation termination factor eRF1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is encoded by the essential gene SUP45 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The researchers also found that reactivating the gene for expressing telomerase in the telomerase-deficient cells rescued them, prolonging their ability to divide and reducing DNA damage. (sciencedaily.com)
  • RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • There are 2 major tick families (865 tick species world- cording to 16S rDNA gene comparisons, they are closely wide): the Ixodidae, or hard ticks, characterized by a related to the genera Brucella and Agrobacterium ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Next, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were used to further explore the biomarkers with the most interactions in gene modules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins are a family of protein complex that regulate gene expression, especially repressing gene transcription [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, the decreased expression of the EZH2 gene is crucial for stem cell differentiation into specific cell lineages involved in myogenesis, adipogenesis, osteogenesis, neurogenesis, and haematopoiesis [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Alternative splicing of gene can generate multiple transcripts and proteins to regulate tissue and organ development [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In chapter 2, by using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, genetic analysis and biochemical assays, I identified the differential pairings of typical NLR receptor SOC3 with atypical NLR proteins CHS1 or TN2 to guard the homeostasis of the E3 ligase SAUL1. (ubc.ca)
  • In the most well characterized "canonical" pathway in mammalian cells, the Notch intracellular domain (NotchIC) translocates to the nucleus where it mostly associates with the recombination signal binding protein for the immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJκ). (molvis.org)
  • Our current research now focuses on two basic, interrelated questions: (1) How do mammalian cells decide where and when to initiate DNA replication? (nih.gov)
  • Failure of mammalian cells to regulate their proliferation cycle leads to cancer. (nih.gov)
  • In mammalian cells, most of the redox potential used for generating ATP arrives at the mitochondrion in the form of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH 2 ), reduced coenzymes generated by the acceptance of electrons derived from the breakdown of organic substances in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) control a multitude of biological processes, ranging from cell division, cell cycling, and signal transduction, to ribosome assembly and protein synthesis. (expasy.org)
  • Study of proteins involved with ribosome biogenesis and nucleolar structure. (lsu.edu)
  • Termination of protein synthesis occurs when the ribosome elongation machinery encounters an in-frame termination (stop) codon, either UAG, UGA or UAA, in the mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It phosphorylates eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (EEF2), an abundant cytoplasmic protein that catalyzes the movement of the ribosome along mRNA during translation in eukaryotic cells, and inhibits the EEF2 function (1). (signalchem.com)
  • Breast most cancers amplified sequence 2 (BCAS2) performs essential roles in pre-mRNA splicing and androgen receptor transcription. (phylocommons.org)
  • Moreover mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines, efficient protein-based vaccines are wanted for immunization in opposition to present and rising variants. (humgen.org)
  • Subsequently, we detected the expression of EZH2 on mRNA level and protein level in two different embryonic development stages (65-dpc and 90-dpc) via qRT-PCR and western blots. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, these pathways are essential for cellular dynamics and build a highly regulated cellular signalling network. (mdpi.com)
  • In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling , cellular differentiation , and cell death , as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth . (wikipedia.org)
  • The CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a highly conserved insulator protein that plays various roles in many cellular processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Division of Cellular, Developmental and Integrative Biology comprises a faculty with diverse research interests employing a broad range of approaches to study organisms across plant and animal taxa. (lsu.edu)
  • Elucidation of the mechanism of this association will not only allow us to test the importance of RanBP2 complex formation in a non-vertebrate system, but also provide a convenient alternative mechanism for formation of this complex that can be used to understand its importance in vertebrate cells. (nih.gov)
  • Although most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus , the mitochondrion has its own genome ("mitogenome") that is substantially similar to bacterial genomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), one of the core components of PRC2, is a methyltransferase possessing the enzymatic activity to generate di/trimethylated lysine 27 in histone H3 [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Much of our current work concerns the RanBP2 complex, which consists of RanBP2 (a large nucleoporin that is also known as Nup358), SUMO-1-conjugated RanGAP1 (the activating protein for the Ran GTPase), and Ubc9 (the conjugating enzyme for the SUMO family of ubiquitin-like modifiers). (nih.gov)
  • Catalytic domain of the Protein Serine/Threonine Kinase, p21-activated kinase 3. (umbc.edu)
  • CDC2 is a catalytic subunit of the highly conserved protein kinase complex known as M-phase promoting factor (MPF) , which is essential for G1/S and G2/M phase transitions of eukaryotic cell cycle. (caslab.com)
  • While Aurora A localizes to mitotic centrosomes and is required for centrosome growth and the development of a functional bipolar mitotic spindle, Aurora W is the catalytic core of the highly conserved genetic individual complex. (smadpathway.com)
  • 2005). In addition to its part in the meiotic cell cycle, Maskin has been reported to play a role in the translational control of cyclin B1 in early embryonic cell division in (Groisman et al. (euromed2016.com)
  • Several common birth defects, such as Down's syndrome, result from aneuploidy arising during meiotic cell divisions. (nih.gov)
  • Mitotic cell division enables sexually reproducing organisms to develop from the one-celled zygote, which itself was produced by meiotic cell division from gametes. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • OsCDC48 was highly conserved with more than 90% identity in the protein levels among plant species. (jipb.net)
  • Some organisms are then passaged cats, cows, and various rodent species, the prevalence of to the next stage in the tick life cycle and can be transmis- infection within the population can approach 100% ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • miR159 is a conserved miRNA among different plant species and has various functions in plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to the highly conserved miRNAs, many more of new and species-specific miRNAs have been identified in various crops through high-throughput sequencing technology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HSPs (Heat shock proteins) are highly conserved ubiquitous proteins among species which are involved in maintaining appropriate folding and conformation of other proteins and are thus referred to as molecular chaperones. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They play major roles in the tissue- and stage-specific expression of protein isoforms as well as in the maintenance of protein homeostasis. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In this Review, we briefly outline the roles that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone play in regulating spermatogenesis and describe our current understanding of how vitamin A regulates germ cell differentiation and how it may lead to the generation of both the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave. (jci.org)
  • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a family of membrane proteins that transduce exterior stimuli into intracellular signals. (mdpi.com)
  • Using live-cell imaging we found that PB structures disassembled as cells prepared for cell division, and then began to reassemble during the late stages of cytokinesis. (tau.ac.il)
  • Using map-based strategy, the mutation Oryza sativa cell division cycle 48 ( OsCDC48 ) was isolated and predicted to encode a putative AAA-type ATPase with 809 amino-acid residuals. (jipb.net)
  • An amino-terminal portion conserved among a subset of Dbl family proteins is sufficient for the binding of Gbetagamma. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • It is a highly conserved network that orchestrates cell-fate decisions in the nervous, gastrointestinal, and the hematopoietic systems of many organisms ranging from insects to humans. (molvis.org)
  • To see if what they observed in mice held true for humans, the team conducted laboratory studies on human skin cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Early progenitor cells, which are designated A spermatogonia in the mouse and A- dark spermatogonia in humans, are defined as "undifferentiated. (jci.org)
  • From this point forward, the steps and cell types of spermatogenesis are conserved between mice and humans. (jci.org)
  • This paper was prepared in response to the need for clear communication regarding the risk of transmission of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19 in humans and the general societal concern of potential contamination of aquatic animals used as food or their products with the virus. (who.int)
  • Currently, there is no evidence to suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can infect aquatic food animals (e.g. finfish, crustaceans, mol uscs, amphibians) and therefore these animals do not play an epidemiological role in spreading COVID-19 to humans. (who.int)
  • Telomerase plays a critical role during embryonic development and stem cell differentiation, when cells divide profusely. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In the cochlea of mouse embryos, it is highly expressed in prosensory cells and down-regulated at the onset of hair cell differentiation. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Prolonged expression of Lin28B delays prosensory cell cycle exit and prevents hair cell differentiation, suggesting that it functions to increase hair cell production [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Therefore, the antagonistic actions of Lin28B and let7 miRNA coordinate the timing of prosensory cell cycle withdrawal for hair cell differentiation. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In neonatal murine cochlear organoids and explants, Lin28B antagonizes the activity of let7 miRNA and increases Akt-mTORC1 signaling to promote hair cell regeneration from immature supporting cells by inducing their de-differentiation and proliferation as well as by directly converting them into hair cells [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Thus, Lin28B functions in hair cell regeneration through mitotic and non-mitotic mechanisms, which are dependent on mitotic division or trans-differentiation of supporting cells into hair cells, respectively. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • and the unique differentiation of haploid cells (spermiogenesis) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
  • Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) usually undergo a vegetative cell division known as binary fission, where their genetic material is segregated equally into two daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • Recent studies have examined the consequences of epigenetic marks and cell cycle control, which has led to more research regarding cell division cancer, emphasizing the fact that the cell division process requires accurate checkpoints to avoid genetic damage. (ptgcn.com)
  • Since DNA duplication during interphase precedes microbial division, "para-DNA synthesis assays" could be used to predict impending microbial growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Divisome and elongasome complexes responsible for peptidoglycan synthesis during lateral cell-wall growth and division. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • The divisome is a protein complex in bacteria that is responsible for cell division, constriction of inner and outer membranes during division, and peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis at the division site. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • M. leprae is an obligate intracellular microorganism with a marked Schwann cell tropism and is the only human pathogen capable of invading the superficial peripheral nerves. (bvsalud.org)
  • Its activity is directed by intracellular signals mediated by various types of receptors such as G protein-coupled receptors. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Plant intracellular nucleotide binding and leucine-rich repeat proteins (NB-LRR, NLRs) function as immune receptors to detect microbial pathogens directly or indirectly. (ubc.ca)
  • More recently, the realization that macro- principal experimental challenge is to resolve and quantify molecules occupy 20-30% of the intracellular volume has populations of protein oligomers in dynamic equilibrium. (lu.se)
  • CDK1, also named as CDC2, belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family and CDC2/CDKX subfamily.CDC2 plays a key role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (caslab.com)
  • Like all members of the Ras superfamily, the Rho proteins cycle between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound conformational states. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The common denominator of GTPases is the highly conserved guanine nucleotide-binding (G) domain that is responsible for binding and hydrolysis of guanine nucleotides. (expasy.org)
  • Activation of Rho proteins through release of bound GDP and subsequent binding of GTP, is catalysed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) in the Dbl family. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Interestingly, functionally redundant SNIPER1 and SNIPER2 can control the protein levels of diverse sNLRs and the interactions between SNIPER1 and sNLRs appear to be through the common nucleotide-binding (NB) domains of sNLRs. (ubc.ca)
  • A mature red blood cell has no mitochondria, [17] whereas a liver cell can have more than 2000. (wikipedia.org)
  • Interestingly, Lin28B inhibits the processing of mature let7 miRNA, which functions to induce cell cycle exit in progenitor cells [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The miR159 family is one of the most ancient and conserved miRNA families among monocot and dicot plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ewing sarcomas are thought to derive from cells of the neural crest, possibly mesenchymal stem cells, via a pathway that might include postganglionic cholinergic neurons. (medscape.com)
  • My laboratory has developed new technologies and applied them towards understanding the molecular biology and enzymology of DNA replication in animal cells and viruses (SV40, polyomavirus, papillomavirus, and herpes simplex virus), and at the beginning of animal development (mouse preimplantation embryos and frog eggs). (nih.gov)
  • We use a combination of electrophysiology, live cell imaging and molecular methods to unravel the complexities of amacrine cell synapses. (lsu.edu)
  • This study reshapes the current understanding of telomerase's function in normal cells,"said Kan Cao, senior author of the study and an associate professor of cell biology and molecular genetics at UMD. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Eukaryotic cells can rapidly adjust their transcriptional profile in response to molecular needs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hsp90 (Heat-shock protein 90 kDa) is one of a group of molecular chaperones responsible for managing protein folding and quality control in cell environment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results from the molecular dynamics simulations in water show that the trajectories of the protein complexed with ligand WA are stable over a considerably long time period of 4 ns, with the energies of the complex being lowered in comparison to the un-docked association complex, suggesting the thermodynamic stability of WA complexed Hsp90/Cdc37. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell culture systems contribute to identifying molecular mechanisms for HBV and HDV propagation, finding drug targets for antiviral therapies, and testing antiviral agents. (cdc.gov)
  • We found that hDcp1a is a phospho-protein during interphase that becomes hyper-phosphorylated in mitotic cells. (tau.ac.il)
  • Here we show that loss of function of Physcomitrella patens PpTON1 strongly affects development of the moss gametophore, phenocopying the developmental syndrome observed in Arabidopsis ton1 mutants: mutant leafy shoots display random orientation of cell division and severe defects in cell elongation, which are correlated with absence of PPB formation and disorganization of the cortical microtubule array in interphase cells. (silverchair.com)
  • During interphase, chromosomes are enclosed within nuclei, and exchange of all molecules between this compartment and the rest of the cell occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). (nih.gov)
  • During interphase, several kinetochore proteins stably bind to NPCs (e.g. (nih.gov)
  • In mitotic metaphase, typically the chromosomes (each with 2 sister chromatid that they developed due to replication in the S phase of interphase) arranged and sister chromatids split and distributed towards daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • TACC proteins are localised at centrosomes and coordinate the formation of the mitotic spindle at least in part through their conversation with members of the XMAP/chTOG family, a group of microtubule plus end stabilising proteins (Gergely, 2002;Wiese and Zheng, 2006). (euromed2016.com)
  • The lamin family of proteins make up the matrix and are highly conserved in evolution. (nih.gov)
  • SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the family Coronaviridae and genus Betacoronavirus . (who.int)
  • O-linked found in mucous fluids, but can also be present in membrane and secretory proteins, 3 or more sugars linked by N-acetylglalactosamine (GalNAc)--connected to serine, theronine. (freezingblue.com)
  • The ultimate goals of our studies are to understand how these proteins enable accurate chromosome segregation and to discover how they are coordinated with each other and with other aspects of cell physiology. (nih.gov)
  • Cao said that the next step for researchers is to find out how telomerase expression is turned on as cells approach critical telomere length and to explore the underlying mechanisms by which telomerase acts as a buffer against the stresses of shortening telomeres. (sciencedaily.com)
  • EEF2K is a highly conserved calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that links activation of cell surface receptors to cell division. (signalchem.com)
  • 2004). In addition, both MSC2530818 maskin and TACC3 protein levels have been reported to be regulated during the mitotic cell cycle, albeit with different timing (Groisman et al. (euromed2016.com)
  • On a larger scale, mitotic cell division can create progeny from multicellular organisms, such as plants that grow from cuttings. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • The amitotic or mitotic cell division is more atypical and diverse in the various groups of organisms such as protists (namely diatoms, dinoflagellates etc.) and fungi. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • The scope of the special issue is to summarize and enlarge the knowledge in signalling processes and networks in diverse cells and tissues. (mdpi.com)
  • Primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and the paired adjacent non-tumour tissues were then collected to examine the expression of CMTM4 by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative RT-PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Western blotting then confirmed that CMTM4 was dramatically reduced in 86.9 % (53/61) of ccRCC tissues compared with the paired adjacent non-tumour tissues, as well as in the 786-O and A498 ccRCC cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most NLRs guard host proteins that are the direct targets of pathogen effectors. (ubc.ca)
  • In vitro cell culture systems are instrumental in the development of therapeutic targets. (cdc.gov)
  • Recently, the development of the HepG2-NTCP sec+ cell line, expressing the sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide receptor (NTCP) and self-assembling co-cultured primary human hepatocytes (SACC-PHHs) has opened new perspectives for a better understanding of HBV and HDV lifecycles and the development of specific antiviral drug targets against HBV/HDV infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, the overall goal of our work is to discover how DNA replication is regulated both in the large chromosomes of cells and in the "mini-chromosomes" of viruses and small extrachromosomal DNA molecules. (nih.gov)
  • The ultimate goal of our research is to understand how amacrine cell synaptic function is modified by signaling molecules known to be generated in the retina. (lsu.edu)
  • Functional proteomics and immunofluorescence analyses of H3.1 and H3.3 revealed a highly conserved role for Nrp1 and Asf1 histone chaperones in nuclear influx of histones. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The nuclear lamina consists of a two-dimensional matrix of proteins located next to the inner nuclear membrane. (nih.gov)
  • These cells then proceed through meiosis II, wherein sister chromatids are separated into individual cells. (jci.org)
  • Lamin B2 contributes to the proliferation of bladder cancer cells via activating the expression of cell division cycle‑associated protein 3. (nih.gov)
  • In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
  • H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)
  • Notch signaling is initiated by the interaction between the ligand on one cell and the receptor on a neighboring cell. (molvis.org)
  • 2) What are the requirements for DNA replication and transcription at the beginning of mammalian development? (nih.gov)
  • Drugs that block DNA replication can arrest the spread of cancer cells and eliminate viral pathogens. (nih.gov)
  • In the past, our research focused on viral genomes as models for DNA replication in mammalian cell nuclei. (nih.gov)
  • Its inactivation upon initiation of replication ensures one round of replication per cell cycle 1 . (hideyuki-ts.com)
  • As replication starts, more parB binds to parS sequence of the newly synthesised chromosome, and is pulled to the new cell pole by the ATPase activity of ParA. (hideyuki-ts.com)
  • Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells by undergoing one round of DNA replication followed by two divisions. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • All cell divisions, regardless of organism, are preceded by a single round of DNA replication. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) to produce two daughter cells. (ptgcn.com)
  • Such continuously renewing epithelia are by definition governed by stem cells. (molvis.org)
  • Telomerase's only known role in normal tissue was to protect certain cells that divide regularly, such as embryonic cells, sperm cells, adult stem cells and immune cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Undifferentiated spermatogonia divide mitotically to both repopulate the testicular stem cell population and provide progenitor cells that undergo spermatogenesis. (jci.org)
  • Histological analysis of stem, leaf and mature spikelet hull showed the reduced number of small vascular bundles (SVB), less number of small veins (SV) between two big veins (LV) and less cell number in outer parenchyma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our data suggests that in rice, miR159 positively regulates organ size, including stem, leaf, and grain size due to the promotion of cell division. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The disorderly and ineffective production of blood cells from stem cells in the bone marrow results in low blood counts, or cytopenias. (massgenomics.org)
  • By RNA affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry, we recognized the embryonic deadenylation element binding protein (EDEN-BP) as one of the proteins binding to both the maskin and the cyclin B1 3′ UTRs. (euromed2016.com)
  • Like additional TACCs, Mouse monoclonal antibody to Protein Phosphatase 3 alpha Maskin is definitely associated with centrosomes, both in embryos and cells culture cells and has a role in the organisation of the mitotic spindle (Huang and Richter, 2004;Barnard et al. (euromed2016.com)
  • The antibody is specific to the 2 isoforms of CDC2. (caslab.com)
  • Briefly, β-galactosidase (β-Gal)-linked antibody/N protein/aptamer immunocomplexes had been fashioned on magnetic beads (MBs). (humgen.org)
  • The detection restrict of this digital methodology for N protein was 33.28 pg/mL, which was 300 instances decrease than conventional double-antibody sandwich primarily based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (humgen.org)
  • Western blot of Knockout validated Cyclin D1 antibody in HepG2, SW 1990, and NIH/3T3 cell lines with 60186-1-Ig at a dilution of 1:10000 incubated at room temperature for 1.5 hours. (ptgcn.com)