High levels of phenylalanine. Medical search. Frequent questions

PKU is caused by the body's inability to metabolize phenylalanine, which is found in high protein foods such as poultry, meat, eggs and dairy products. (bigsurspiritgarden.com)
However, it can be dangerous for people with the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU), which impairs the body's ability to metabolize phenylalanine ( 5 ). (healthline.com)
The genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU) is the inability to metabolize phenylalanine because of a lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. (wikipedia.org)
However, a mutation in one particular gene , the one responsible for producing the enzyme PAH, can result in the disruption of this harmony, as the body loses its ability to metabolize phenylalanine. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Phenylketonuria is the inability to metabolize phenylalanine. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Your body can convert phenylalanine into the amino acid tyrosine, which is then used to produce other important molecules. (healthline.com)
Phenylalanine is a precursor for tyrosine, the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), and the skin pigment melanin. (wikipedia.org)
For phenylalanine plus tyrosine, for adults 19 years and older, 33 mg/kg body weight/day. (wikipedia.org)
L-Phenylalanine is biologically converted into L-tyrosine, another one of the DNA-encoded amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
Lignan is derived from phenylalanine and from tyrosine. (wikipedia.org)
Diagnosis is by detecting high phenylalanine levels and normal or low tyrosine levels. (merckmanuals.com)
Additionally, because BH4 is also a cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylase, which is involved in the synthesis of dopamine and serotonin, BH4 deficiency alters synthesis of neurotransmitters, causing neurologic symptoms independently of phenylalanine accumulation. (merckmanuals.com)
High in tyrosine, an amino acid required for the production of the alertness chemicals dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. (yahoo.com)
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in, or problem with the proper activity of, the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), which is necessary to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine to the amino acid tyrosine . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
PKU is one of the few genetic diseases that can be controlled by diet, involving low consumption of phenylalanine and a diet high in tyrosine. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The intricate coordination of systems in the human body is seen in the process, catalyzed by enzymes , by which phenylalanine is degraded into tyrosine, which in turn is converted into the vitally important neurotransmitters and hormones dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Phenylalanine is an α- amino acid that is found in many proteins (such as hemoglobin ), is essential in the human diet, and normally is readily converted to the amino acid tyrosine in the human body . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) is fundamental to the process through conversion of amino acid phenylalanine into the amino acid tyrosine. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
If the reaction converting phenylalanine to tyrosine does not take place, because of the lack of PAH or a defect in this enzyme, then phenylalanine accumulates and tyrosine is deficient. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Serum phenylalanine screening is a blood test to look for signs of the disease phenylketonuria (PKU). (medlineplus.gov)
Positive phenylketonuria (PKU) test: The test looks for phenylalanine levels in the blood, which should be less than 2 mg/dL. (bigsurspiritgarden.com)
Phenylketonuria (fen-ul-key-toe-NU-ree-uh), also called PKU, is a rare inherited disorder that causes an amino acid called phenylalanine to build up in the body. (bigsurspiritgarden.com)
High levels of phenylalanine are linked with the genetic issue phenylketonuria. (barnesjewish.org)
Pregnant people with the condition who don't stay away from phenylalanine during pregnancy may give birth to a baby with signs of phenylketonuria. (barnesjewish.org)
Lab results may report phenylalanine levels using either mg/dL and μmol/L. One mg/dL of phenylalanine is approximately equivalent to 60 μmol/L. A (rare) "variant form" of phenylketonuria called hyperphenylalaninemia is caused by the inability to synthesize a cofactor called tetrahydrobiopterin, which can be supplemented. (wikipedia.org)
Is it necessary to routinely measure levels of blood phenylalanine in adults with a history of phenylketonuria (PKU)? (clinicaladvisor.com)
Some of the excess phenylalanine is metabolized to phenylketones, which are excreted in the urine, giving rise to the term phenylketonuria. (merckmanuals.com)
Most children with phenylketonuria are normal at birth but develop symptoms and signs slowly over several months as phenylalanine accumulates. (merckmanuals.com)
Scientific studies indicate that it is toxic if consumed at high levels and pregnant women have been warned against it, as it can have an adverse effect on the fetus, especially in women suffering from the medical condition of phenylketonuria (PKU). (processingmagazine.com)
If you have phenylketonuria (PKU) or any other condition that requires you to restrict your intake of aspartame (or phenylalanine ), consult your doctor or pharmacist about using this drug safely. (webmd.com)

PKU is caused by a change in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene. (bigsurspiritgarden.com)
The primary cause is deficient phenylalanine hydroxylase activity. (merckmanuals.com)
Although nearly all cases (98 to 99%) of PKU result from phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency, phenylalanine can also accumulate if BH4 is not synthesized because of deficiencies of dihydrobiopterin synthase or not regenerated because of deficiencies of dihydropteridine reductase. (merckmanuals.com)
See also the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Therapeutic Committee's 2013 diagnosis and management guidelines for phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency. (merckmanuals.com)
Tryosine, one of the main precursors of catecholamines, is created from phenylalanine by hydroxylation via the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The enzyme phenylalananine hydroxylase (PAH) is necessary to break down phenylalanine. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The gene for phenylalanine hydroxylase is found on chromosome 12 (Longe 2006). (newworldencyclopedia.org)

This test is done to screen infants for PKU, an uncommon condition that occurs when the body lacks a substance needed to breakdown the amino acid phenylalanine. (medlineplus.gov)
As an essential amino acid, phenylalanine is not synthesized de novo in humans and other animals, who must ingest phenylalanine or phenylalanine-containing proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Phenethylamine can be biosynthesized from the amino acid phenylalanine by enzymatic decarboxylation. (hmdb.ca)

Principle of Phenylalanine Deaminase Test Phenylalanine deaminase medium tests the ability of an organism to produce the enzyme deaminase. (bigsurspiritgarden.com)
Therefore the bacteria has the enzyme Phenylalanine deaminase, and said bacteria can use Phenylalanine for energy. (bigsurspiritgarden.com)
This gene helps create the enzyme needed to break down phenylalanine. (bigsurspiritgarden.com)
Our Ferric Chloride Reagent is used to detect the presence of the enzyme phenylalanine deaminase produced by some bacteria. (bigsurspiritgarden.com)
Phenylalanine is converted to cinnamic acid by the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. (wikipedia.org)
EC 4.3.1.5), enzyme catalyzing the conversion of L-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid in the first step of phenylpropanoid pathway were conducted in the edible branchlets of broccoli during early postharvest senescence. (scialert.net)
Her team has developed a new drug, Palynziq, a daily, injected enzyme that converts the extra phenylalanine in the bloodstream so it can be safely excreted. (metrokids.com)

The test paper is taken to the laboratory, where it is mixed with a type of bacteria that needs phenylalanine to grow. (medlineplus.gov)
Your body needs phenylalanine and other amino acids to make proteins, which are found in your brain, blood, muscles, internal organs, and virtually everywhere else in your body. (healthline.com)

Small dogs have a lower basal metabolic rate and a higher mass-specific metabolic rate than larger dogs [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
this creates a "high" through a metabolic process similar to that involving sugar and alcohol. (healthy.net)
To track the metabolic fate of the proteins, the authors measured the routes of two essential amino acids, leucine and phenylalanine, in the blood. (ironmanmagazine.com)
They also note that the only metabolic fate for phenylalanine is to be taken up by muscle for use in protein synthesis, while leucine, a branched-chain amino, can be metabolized in muscle for energy. (ironmanmagazine.com)
Nutritional support of necessary magnesium levels needed for proper fatty acid synthesis, protein synthesis, activation of amino acids, and phosphorylation of glucose, oxidative reactions and other metabolic functions. (nutriwest.com)
With respect to the traditional metabolic markers, high third trimester glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels at least 36 mmol/mol (5.4%) have been associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus in women with GDM from pregnancy up to five years postpartum (Claesson et al. (springer.com)
This study aimed to explore the metabolic effects of two carbohydrate sources with different degrees of risk in obesity development when associated with a high fat intake. (mdpi.com)
Usually, high ambient temperature leads to stress associated problems such as production losses, metabolic changes, growth depression, and poor efficiency ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)

Leucine levels peaked faster after the whey drink, but levels of phenylalanine didn't. (ironmanmagazine.com)
The phenylalanine levels are a more accurate indicator than leucine of muscle anabolic response. (ironmanmagazine.com)
it was reported that fasting serum levels of BCAAs valine, leucine and isoleucine, acylcarnitine C2 and 3-hydroxybutyrate measured at 28 weeks of gestation were associated with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes 10 to 14 years later. (springer.com)
L. guineensis had the highest carbohydrate, protein, calorific value and ash content, and the lowest fat content of 4.05%, very rich in K, Ca and Mg and the amino acids leucine, arginine, lysine, phenylalanine and histidine. (scirp.org)

and essential amino acids phenylalanine and lysine of treated seeds were higher than WHO/FAO reference. (stuartxchange.org)

In general, amino acid concentrations were higher in bee bread made by either race compared with pollen. (usda.gov)
The concentrations of amino acids were similar in bee bread made by either race except for phenylalanine and cysteine. (usda.gov)
Protein concentrations in AHB were higher than in EHB regardless of the source of bee bread. (usda.gov)
Doses of L-dopa that were clinically optimal produced normal plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine, but excessive concentrations of DA and its metabolites. (jci.org)
This is an inherited condition which leads to increased blood phenylalanine concentrations that could damage the developing brain of the fetus. (processingmagazine.com)
High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to detect the concentrations of carnitine in the blood spots and for diagnosis. (bvsalud.org)
More recent studies have focused on the biological activity of various extracts of cocoa or of waste materials from the chocolate industry, such as cocoa bean husk, which is known to contain high concentrations of polyphenols. (bvsalud.org)

the metabolism of aspartame produces phenylalanine as one of the compound's metabolites. (wikipedia.org)
medical citation needed] A non-food source of phenylalanine is the artificial sweetener aspartame. (wikipedia.org)
The most well-known food additives in this class are monosodium glutamate (MSG) and aspartame (which is a dipeptide of phenylalanine and aspartate), though there are many others hidden under various names on food labels. (american.edu)

If untreated, phenylalanine accumulates and can result in neurological problems, including mental retardation and seizures. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

that causes a clinical syndrome of intellectual disability with cognitive and behavioral abnormalities caused by elevated serum phenylalanine. (merckmanuals.com)
In non-pregnant populations, certain distinct serum metabolites, such as the levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), as well as those of phenylalanine, glutamate and several lipids, have been associated with an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes (Long et al. (springer.com)

Phenylalanine (Phe) is an essential dietary amino acid with an aromatic ring structure similar to endogenous metabolites, dietary compounds and environmental agents. (washington.edu)
Treatment is lifelong dietary phenylalanine restriction. (merckmanuals.com)

Approach to the Patient With a Suspected Inherited Disorder of Metabolism Most inherited disorders of metabolism (inborn errors of metabolism) are rare, and therefore their diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. (merckmanuals.com)

Your body uses L-phenylalanine to make proteins and other important molecules. (healthline.com)
At the start of the study both proteins showed similar uptakes for phenylalanine, but casein showed a higher level in the blood as time continued, which helps confirm casein's slow-acting attributes. (ironmanmagazine.com)
On the other hand, at the conclusion of the study both proteins caused similar blood levels of phenylalanine. (ironmanmagazine.com)
Since the fate of phenylalanine was similar for both whey and casein, the authors conclude that both proteins are equally effective in promoting increased muscle protein synthesis after weight training. (ironmanmagazine.com)
In humans, the L-isomer of phenylalanine, which is the only form that is involved in protein synthesis, is one of the 20 standard amino acids common in animal proteins and required for normal functioning in humans. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

What bacteria is phenylalanine deaminase test positive? (bigsurspiritgarden.com)
449 metabolites, 16 clinical parameters, and 6 bacteria (at the genus level) were significantly different between small and larger dogs. (hindawi.com)
These items can cause gut bacteria disruption and lead to high levels of inflammation in GI tract lining. (nfpt.com)

These findings indicate the complexity in replacement therapy with L-dopa and 5-HTP, but suggest that this treatment may be partially effective in biopterin-deficient patients who are unresponsive to high doses of tetrahydropterins. (jci.org)

Phenylalanine uses the same active transport channel as tryptophan to cross the blood-brain barrier. (wikipedia.org)

Normal levels of phenylalanine in the blood are less than 2 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). (bigsurspiritgarden.com)
The orally disintegrating tablet form of this medication may contain over 3 milligrams of phenylalanine per tablet. (drugs.com)

Individuals with this disorder are known as "phenylketonurics" and must regulate their intake of phenylalanine. (wikipedia.org)
3) have also shown that when energy is restricted, the nitrogen balance decreases and is improved by high protein intake. (scielo.br)

Further testing will be done if the phenylalanine levels in your baby's blood are too high. (medlineplus.gov)
A blood phenylalanine level of more than 4 mg/dL is considered excessive and could indicate that the child has PKU. (bigsurspiritgarden.com)
More than 4 mg/dL of phenylalanine in the blood is considered high and may mean your child has PKU. (bigsurspiritgarden.com)
Phenylketonurics often use blood tests to monitor the amount of phenylalanine in their blood. (wikipedia.org)
Pregnant women with hyperphenylalaninemia may show similar symptoms of the disorder (high levels of phenylalanine in blood), but these indicators will usually disappear at the end of gestation. (wikipedia.org)
Pregnant women with PKU must control their blood phenylalanine levels even if the fetus is heterozygous for the defective gene because the fetus could be adversely affected due to hepatic immaturity. (wikipedia.org)
For those with a high degree of weight loss, those changes were also associated with improvement in blood pressure, triglyceride and hemoglobin A1c levels. (nature.com)
Aripiprazole can cause high blood sugar (hyperglycemia). (drugs.com)
If you are diabetic, check your blood sugar levels carefully. (drugs.com)
Consumption of Pu-erh has been thought to possess numerous health benefits including weight-loss, lowering of blood glucose levels, and preventing cardiovascular diseases. (researchgate.net)
Studies have even shown that the negative effect on blood cholesterol levels when consuming trans fats is twice that of consuming similar amounts of saturated fat. (nfpt.com)
At the highest dose level, however, increases were observed in breathing rate, macrophage superoxide release as well as bronchoalveolar lavage yield of total cells, red blood cells, lymphocytes, and granulocytes. (cdc.gov)
Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), which is shown to be associated with anxiety in diabetic patients. (lifehack.org)
[3] In fact, for all people, the natural stress response elevates blood pressure and heart rate as well as cortisol levels, all of which increase blood sugar levels. (lifehack.org)

Phenylalanine agar, also known as phenylalanine deaminase medium, contains nutrients and DL-phenylalanine. (bigsurspiritgarden.com)

Such disorders account for about 20% of deaths during the neonatal period and a higher percentage of morbidity in infancy and childhood [2]. (who.int)

Children also manifest extreme hyperactivity, gait disturbance, and psychoses and often exhibit an unpleasant, mousy body odor caused by phenylacetic acid (a breakdown product of phenylalanine) in urine and sweat. (merckmanuals.com)
In their research, scientists from the panel examined all available information on the artificial sweetener, as well as on its breakdown products, and concluded that they pose no toxic threat to consumers if consumption remains at current levels. (processingmagazine.com)
The ANS Panel also examined the possible negative impact that phenylalanine, one of aspartame's key breakdown products, could have on developing fetuses. (processingmagazine.com)

Phenylalanine is the starting compound used in the synthesis of flavonoids. (wikipedia.org)
The rapid absorption of whey leads to greater oxidation of absorbed amino acids in the liver and a higher rate of muscle protein synthesis (because of more immediate amino acid availability) but fewer anticatabolic effects than casein provides. (ironmanmagazine.com)
Of the two amino acids examined in the study, only phenylalanine is used solely in muscle-protein synthesis. (ironmanmagazine.com)

The genetic codon for phenylalanine was first discovered by J. Heinrich Matthaei and Marshall W. Nirenberg in 1961. (wikipedia.org)

A normal test result means that phenylalanine levels are normal and the child does not have PKU. (medlineplus.gov)
What is a normal phenylalanine level? (bigsurspiritgarden.com)
What is a normal PKU level? (bigsurspiritgarden.com)
Although babies with PKU have normal phenylalanine levels when born, "their levels rise dangerously high, very quickly without appropriate treatment," she explains. (metrokids.com)

We also examined the consumption of the bee bread made by both races and resulting hemolymph protein levels. (usda.gov)
Consumption of foods with high glycemic index is hypothesized to contribute to insulin resistance, which is associated with increased risk of diabetes mellitus, obesity and cardiovascular disease. (researchgate.net)
Part of the Global Mind Project run by the nonprofit Sapien Labs in Arlington, Virginia, the report also showed that individuals with the highest rates of UPF consumption reported higher levels of confusion, slowed thinking, unwanted or obsessive thoughts, irritability, and feelings of sadness. (medscape.com)

Phenylalanine is an amino acid found in many foods. (healthline.com)
Newer studies have similarly found that low levels of phenylalanine could be linked to major depressive disorder ( 11 , 12 ). (healthline.com)
Some older studies have found that D-phenylalanine might relieve pain, but overall, research has turned up mixed results ( 1 , 20 , 21 , 22 ). (healthline.com)
Phenylalanine is found in many protein-containing foods and considered to be generally recognized as safe by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ( 28 ). (healthline.com)
It is found in high-protein foods. (barnesjewish.org)
Phenylalanine is found naturally in the milk of mammals. (wikipedia.org)
However, the interindividual pharmacokinetic variability of imatinib and nilotinib is found to be moderate-high. (degruyter.com)
As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. (intechopen.com)
Phenylalanine is an amino acid that makes up protein found in many food products. (processingmagazine.com)
THC is found in higher levels in marijuana plants, another variety of Cannabis sativa L. The higher THC levels in marijuana contribute to the recreational or medicinal effects sought from its use. (todaysdietitian.com)
Hemp and marijuana differ in their psychoactive cannabinoid content due to breeding and the part of the Cannabis sativa L. plant used.1,9 Psychoactive compounds are found primarily in resins secreted by gland cells on leaves, so this part of the marijuana plant is used medicinally and recreationally.9 Drug varieties contain 2% to 5% THC per dry weight, though much higher levels have been reported. (todaysdietitian.com)
Results: Regarding ratio of low to high frequency component (LF/HF), no differences were found between the two populations (p = 0.227). (bvsalud.org)

According to a 2011 study, using a supplement that contained D-phenylalanine along with other amino acids could help alleviate symptoms of alcohol withdrawal ( 23 ). (healthline.com)

High in protein, which can improve alertness by increasing levels of norepinephrine, which helps keep your brain at its sharpest. (yahoo.com)

Phenylalanine is an amino acid in plant and animal foods, such as meat, eggs, fish, and soy products. (healthline.com)
Good sources include high protein foods like eggs, dairy, meat, and soy products ( 3 , 4 ). (healthline.com)

Lignin, a polymer of aromatic subunits derived from phenylalanine serves as a matrix around the polysaccharide components of some plant cell walls, providing rigidity and comprehensive strength (Whetten and Sederoff, 1995). (scialert.net)

This microbial uniqueness also translated to better health, as older adults with more diverse microbiomes had lower LDL ("bad") cholesterol and triglycerides with higher vitamin D levels. (prohealth.com)

Phenylalanine is biosynthesized via the Shikimate pathway. (wikipedia.org)

A positive phenylalanine deamination reaction is indicated by the development of a light to dark green color (PDA) or purple to black color (TDA) within 1 to 5 min after applying ferric chloride reagent. (bigsurspiritgarden.com)

The screening ciency the Delfia® time-resolved fluores- tests themselves but includes all of the protocol utilized a combination of MS/ cence application (Wallac Oy) was used elements essential for every neonate MS, molecular technologies and bio- to determine levels of phenylalanine to have access to a screening system chemical analysis. (who.int)

investigated the fungus at the level of gene expression, and performed proteome-level studies ( Yajima and Kav, 2006 ). (frontiersin.org)

High-dose PTE significantly ameliorated OVX-induced estradiol (E2) deficiency. (researchgate.net)

High levels of phenylalanine cause intellectual problems in babies with this issue. (barnesjewish.org)

They showed that by using mRNA to insert multiple uracil repeats into the genome of the bacterium E. coli, they could cause the bacterium to produce a polypeptide consisting solely of repeated phenylalanine amino acids. (wikipedia.org)

Phenylalanine can also be used to produce dopamine , a molecule that plays a key role in mental health and depression ( 2 , 10 ). (healthline.com)

Women affected by PKU must pay special attention to their diet if they wish to become pregnant, since high levels of phenylalanine in the uterine environment can cause severe malformation and mental retardation in the child. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Because your body is unable to produce enough L-phenylalanine on its own, it's considered an essential amino acid, meaning you need to get it from your diet. (healthline.com)
Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid. (barnesjewish.org)
Phenylalanine (symbol Phe or F) is an essential α-amino acid with the formula C 9H 11NO 2. (wikipedia.org)
Phenylalanine also is classified as an "essential amino acid" since it cannot be synthesized by the human body from other compounds through chemical reactions and thus has to be taken in with the diet. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Phenylalanine is used in some artificial sweeteners. (barnesjewish.org)

Some research indicates that taking phenylalanine supplements alongside ultraviolet (UV) light treatment may improve skin pigmentation in individuals with vitiligo, a skin condition that causes loss of skin pigment ( 13 , 14 , 15 ). (healthline.com)

By maintaining glycemic index levels in individuals diet aids in prevention of diabetes. (researchgate.net)
It may be universal (i.e. prevention desirable for everyone), or be restricted to a selected population (i.e prevention recommended for high-risk groups) or to an indicated population (i.e. prevention in individuals with an identified risk). (who.int)

It doesn't, it only screens for 100 or 200 very selective conditions, but it's definitely a good baseline risk assessment," says Schindewolf, especially if you are part of a population that has a high frequency for some diseases, such as TaySachs among those of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. (metrokids.com)

You can regulate baseline levels of these stress hormones by regularly practicing yoga, breathwork, meditation, and/or engaging in aerobic exercise. (lifehack.org)

Ultimately, because there's limited recent research available on the effects of phenylalanine on depression, more high quality studies are needed ( 17 , 18 , 19 ). (healthline.com)
The report, which has not been peer reviewed, comes on the heels of several other studies, including one from the Nurses Health Study II that showed that participants who consumed more than eight servings of UPFs daily had about a 50% higher depression risk compared to those who consumed half that much. (medscape.com)

A high-risk (HR) high-fat diet containing 20% fructose was compared to a control lower-risk (LR) high-fat diet where a similar amount of carbohydrate was provided as a mix of digestible and resistant starch from high amylose maize. (mdpi.com)

An early study indicated that a high sucrose diet was equally cariogenic in the presence or absence of cocoa bean ash 90 , while the incorporation of cocoa powder or chocolate into hamster diets was reported to reduce caries 78 . (bvsalud.org)

In fact, since your body uses phenylalanine to make these molecules, it has been studied for its link to major depressive disorders ( 11 , 12 ). (healthline.com)
Such chemicals could contribute to early lifecycle developmental disorders when neurological development is vulnerable to Phe levels. (washington.edu)

and there are also a few foods which naturally contain higher levels of these amino acids. (american.edu)

Anatomy4

Organisms11

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs73

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes37

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Health Care1

Metabolize phenylalanine5

Tyrosine14

Phenylketonuria11

Hydroxylase7

Amino acid phenylalanine3

Enzyme7

Needs phenylalanine2

Metabolic8

Leucine4

Lysine1

Concentrations7

Aspartame3

Accumulates1

Serum2

Dietary2

Metabolism1

Proteins5

Bacteria3

Deficient1

Tryptophan1

Milligrams2

Intake2

Blood14

Nutrients1

Neonatal1

Breakdown3

Synthesis3

Genetic1

Normal4

Consumption3

Found12

Symptoms1

Norepinephrine1

Eggs2

Aromatic1

Adults1

Pathway1

Reaction1

Molecular1

Gene Expression1

Deficiency1

Babies1

Solely1

Dopamine1

Pregnant1

Essential4

Artificial1

Supplements1

Individuals2

Frequency1

Regulate1

Depression2

Carbohydrate1

Absence1

Disorders2

Naturally1