• Pyrethroid resistance mechanisms can be divided into 2 groups: metabolic (alterations in the expression levels of activities of detoxification enzymes) and target site (nonsilent point mutations within structural receptor genes, e.g., knockdown resistance [ kdr ] mutations) ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • As suggested by stem classical cell biology, we assumed that the number of mutations in the CSC subpopulation should be lower and distinct compared to the differentiated tumor cells with higher proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • Our analysis revealed that the majority of somatic mutations are shared between CSCs and bulk primary tumor, with similar frequencies in the two. (nih.gov)
  • The data presented here exclude the possibility that CSCs are only a phenotypic consequence of certain somatic mutations, that is a distinct and non-reversible population of cells. (nih.gov)
  • After characterizing allelic variation with pooled population sequencing, we found that seed banks retained twice as many host genes with mutations, whether phages were present or not. (nature.com)
  • mosquitoes was relatively higher for all the three mutations in Colombo. (hindawi.com)
  • If compensatory mutations are indeed widespread, pathogens can reach both high level of resistance and high fitness. (elifesciences.org)
  • Better understanding of new mutations and the wide range of possible phenotypes led to the development of a new nomenclature proposal, based on the gene and inheritance pattern. (medscape.com)
  • [ 6 ] However, the gene mutations responsible for the different forms of CMT1 are clearly myelin genes. (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 ] In this affected population, 63% carry at least one of the 3 common mutations. (medscape.com)
  • Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
  • Uyghurs (25.4%, 33/130) displayed higher frequencies of Bx genotypes with C4Tx (absence of KIR3DS1 - 2DL5 - 2DS5 - 2DS1 ) than both Kazakhs (11.2%, 14/125) and Tibetans (3.6%, 8/224). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The study showed that profile of KIR genotypes in three ethnic minority populations in China displayed ethnic diversity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All of the genotypes analyzed were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, but different degrees of linkage were observed for polymorphisms in the CYP1A1 and EPHX1 genes. (scielo.br)
  • To determine the frequency of previously reported coding variants in the ATP7A, ATP7B , and RETN genes in a US population of Labrador Retrievers and to explore potential associations of these genotypes with pathologic hepatic copper accumulation. (avma.org)
  • Allele frequencies were determined, and associations of genotypes with CAH status were evaluated. (avma.org)
  • The first high-quality genome assembly of the globe artichoke has been produced within the Compositae Genome Project and the resequencing analyses of four globe artichoke genotypes, representative of the core varietal types, as well as a genotype of the related taxa cultivated cardoon was, later on, carried out. (researchgate.net)
  • Laboratory results showed that a combination of propoxur and diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) induced irritancy, knockdown, and death rates as high as those from deltamethrin against a susceptible strain of Aedes aegypti and significantly higher death rates against a pyrethroid-resistant strain of this mosquito. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, maintaining the Aedes vector population, that could cause dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika, under the threshold level is one of the key preventive approaches against vector-borne diseases [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Nowadays, it is still unclear as to the number of genes or their variants that are necessary for effective screening. (mdpi.com)
  • This paper describes the development of a carrier screening custom panel for cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and sensorineural hearing loss consisting of 116 variants in the CFTR , PAH , SERPINA1, and GJB2 genes. (mdpi.com)
  • As you can see on the graph above, two variants of this gene had a frequency of over 80% among Tibetans but less than 30% among Han Chinese. (berkeley.edu)
  • Each individual is found to harbor as many as 600 OR allelic variants, ~50% higher than the locus count. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A widely accepted working hypothesis is that allelic variants of OR genes may harbor different functional characteristics and hence, may generate different odorant sensitivity phenotypes in different members of the human population [ 16 - 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Such strategies implicitly presume that resistance leads to reduced bacterial fitness in an antibiotic-free environment, and therefore these resistant populations should be rapidly outcompeted by antibiotic-sensitive variants. (elifesciences.org)
  • The DNA was extracted from archived tissues and genotyped for reported variants in the 3 genes. (avma.org)
  • Frequency is estimated at 1 case per 40,000 population for all 3 variants of glycogen-storage disease type II. (medscape.com)
  • Due mainly to the rapidly decreasing cost of sequencing, it is likely that within the next 5-10 years we will identify genes which account for a significant fraction of total IQ variation. (blogspot.com)
  • Whether the spread of resistance genes will pose a serious threat to vector control programs that are based uniquely on pyrethroid use is uncertain. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, long-read sequencing of one representative XDR ST235 isolate identified an integron carrying multiple resistance genes (including bla VIM-2), with differences in gene composition and synteny from the P. aeruginosa class 1 integrons described previously. (who.int)
  • In conclusion, the observed frequency of Ile/Ile homozygous individuals in the region studied requires attention, because the implementation of controls using pyrethroid may increase the frequency of the mutant allele through the selection of resistant populations. (geneticsmr.com)
  • The spread of resistance to pyrethroids in the major Afrotropical malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae s.s. necessitates the development of new strategies to control resistant mosquito populations. (cdc.gov)
  • mosquito populations, we impregnated mosquito bed nets with an insect repellent mixed with a low dose of organophosphorous insecticide and tested them in a rice-growing area near Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. (cdc.gov)
  • mosquito populations in three dengue endemic high-risk regions of Sri Lanka. (hindawi.com)
  • In this diagram, the length of each branch is proportional to differentiation in allele frequencies. (berkeley.edu)
  • When comparing our population with the Apulia sample previously investigated, the AMOVA analysis detected no evidence for significant differentiation. (nih.gov)
  • We investigated the differentiation of Spanish Basques from the rest of Iberian populations by means of a dense, genome-wide SNP array. (upenn.edu)
  • Pathogen-mediated natural selection may be responsible for the high differentiation previously reported for Basques at very specific genes such as ABO , RH , and HLA . (upenn.edu)
  • Therefore, these populations should be monitored for increases in pyrethroid resistance. (geneticsmr.com)
  • The only thing that changed was the relative percentages of those alleles in the population. (creation.com)
  • Cell-surface receptors are often characterized by several haplotypic alleles in the population, sometimes with different functional properties. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Basques are a cultural isolate, and, according to mainly allele frequencies of classical polymorphisms, also a genetic isolate. (upenn.edu)
  • We analyzed the distribution of KIR genes in the Tibetan ethnic minority of Lhasa city, the Uyghur and Kazakh ethnic minorities of Urumqi city populations in China. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The extra-long Tibetan branch indicates that, for this gene, allele frequencies changed a lot in the Tibetan population. (berkeley.edu)
  • The genetic variability of this population was distributed in six clusters that were defined based on their genetic characteristics. (scielo.br)
  • Analysis of genetic relationships between populations reveals three main clusters of populations in space of two first PCs reflecting the differential presence of ancient West-Eurasian Caucasoid, Proto-Uralic and Paleoasiatic components. (blogspot.com)
  • These results portray a case of unusually high genetic diversity, and suggest that individual humans have a highly personalized inventory of functional olfactory receptors, a conclusion that might apply to other receptor multigene families. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Up to now, 16 KIR gene loci have been identified, including two pseudogenes (KIR 2DP1 and 3DP1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We further identified 244 OR segregating pseudogenes (SPGs), loci showing both intact and pseudogene forms in the population, twenty-six of which are annotatively "resurrected" from a pseudogene status in the reference genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, seed banks retain individuals in a population that would otherwise be vulnerable to removal by natural selection [ 22 , 23 ]. (nature.com)
  • Genotyping of 16 KIR genes was tested in 479 randomly selected individuals using the multiple PCR-SSP method. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Not only the four framework genes were present in all individuals, but the pseudogene 2DP1 could also be detected in all Uyghur individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ability of individuals of a particular species to tolerate higher insecticide dosages, which are often lethal to the majority of individuals, is a physiological phenomenon known as species resistance. (geneticsmr.com)
  • We investigate this problem through a mixture of research questions and by studying individuals, families and populations. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • This calculation is from estimated gene frequencies in healthy individuals from various ethnic groups. (medscape.com)
  • The frequency in Taiwan and southern China is estimated at 1 case per 50,000 individuals. (medscape.com)
  • The frequency in the Dutch population is estimated at 1 case per 40,000 individuals (1:138,000 for the infantile category). (medscape.com)
  • KIR genes are located on human chromosome 19q13.4. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, even lower variation of the Y chromosome is significantly higher as compared with analogous values calculated from mitochondrial DNA and autosomal data. (blogspot.com)
  • The comparison with all Italian populations submitted to the YHRD website showed no relevant differences with all Southern Italian populations (San Giorgio La Molara, Belvedere, Trapani and Catania) and significant genetic deviation with all Northern Italian populations (Udine, Biella, La Spezia, Modena, Ravenna, Marche and North Sardinia). (nih.gov)
  • Despite the high intra-ethnic variation (Gst=0.03 on average), the inter-ethnic differences were five times higher (Gst=0.15), revealing dominance of inter-ethnic variation in structuring the paternal gene pool in Europe. (blogspot.com)
  • It was shown that every human individual is characterized by a different combination of such segregating pseudogenes (SPGs), constituting a pronounced genotypic diversity in the population, including ethnogeographic differences [ 26 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the other side of those links I found companies whose advisory boards were packed with seriously credentialed scientists - population geneticists, molecular anthropologists, you name it - from prestigious universities. (popsci.com)
  • Traditional and indigenous populations from all over the globe have been DNA tested , and currently anyone interested can buy a personal test for $200. (extremetech.com)
  • They are considered by historians as descendants of Turkic- speaking nomadic communities that arrived in southern Urals at Early Medieval ages and assimilated indigenous population. (blogspot.com)
  • Allele frequencies for each Y-STR locus in pooled sample and estimated value of gene diversity (GD) were evaluated. (nih.gov)
  • Taken together, the genetic storage provided by seed banks can buffer lineages from extinction and contribute to the maintenance of diversity within a population [ 24 ]. (nature.com)
  • The frequencies of the resistant and susceptible kdr alleles were determined by using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. (hindawi.com)
  • An allele is just a variant, or alternate form, of a particular gene. (creation.com)
  • the control of the vector population is the preferred disease control method. (geneticsmr.com)
  • As a result, seed banks affect the evolution and ecology of populations. (nature.com)
  • Evolution: just a change in allele frequencies? (creation.com)
  • Aim of the study was to reconstruct the evolution of paternal lineages in populations of Siberia, Central Asia and Eastern Europe. (blogspot.com)
  • tests of moderate and high complexity are nonwaived tests. (cdc.gov)
  • Laboratories that perform molecular genetic testing are subject to the general CLIA quality systems requirements for nonwaived testing and the CLIA personnel requirements for tests of high complexity. (cdc.gov)
  • It requires a mechanism that can generate reams of new genetic information that is characterized by a high degree of specified complexity. (creation.com)
  • The study of biological complexity is a new frontier that requires high-throughput molecular technology, high speed computer memory, new approaches to data analysis, and the integration of interdisciplinary skills. (intechopen.com)
  • Although there is strong evidence for the role of a genetic component in language disorder, we do not know which genes contribute to this disorder or how the inheritance of language problems work. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • A small amount of gene flow per generation into a population/geographical region can drastically change its original gene frequencies in only a few thousand years as noted by Cavalli Sforza (1991). (allempires.com)
  • and researchers from Thomas Jefferson to Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza and beyond have been excited about the idea of combining linguistic, biological, and geographical evidence to shed light on the history of human populations. (upenn.edu)
  • If, for a particular candidate gene, the Danes and Tibetans have similar frequencies and the Han are outliers, then selection likely occurred in the Han lineage, causing them to differentiate from the other groups. (berkeley.edu)
  • If, however, the Danes and Han have similar allele frequencies and the Tibetans are outliers, then selection likely occurred in the Tibetans and may have been caused by the challenges of living at high altitudes. (berkeley.edu)
  • Furthermore, the Han and Danish had similar allele frequencies for this gene, while the Tibetans alone had a high frequency of two unusual alleles - which suggests that selection favored those particular alleles in the Tibetans. (berkeley.edu)
  • We found that F ST distances between Spanish Basques and other populations were similar to those between pairs of non-Basque populations. (upenn.edu)
  • The allele frequencies were similar for Val (0.455) and Ile (0.545). (geneticsmr.com)
  • The São Miguel do Oeste and Chapecó populations had similar frequencies of Val and Ile and were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, suggesting that a selection pressure or other evolutionary force has occurred. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Dr. Spencer Wells and his team at the Genographic Project (Opens in a new window) are taking it upon themselves to test hundreds of thousands of people from all over the globe to help garner a better understanding of human populations and migrations. (extremetech.com)
  • To reveal degree of the regional Y chromosomal variation in Europe we compared our data on Russians (14 regional populations), Ukrainians (4 populations) and Belorussians (2 populations, and 2 populations from Behar et al. (blogspot.com)
  • To measure the intra-ethnic variation we calculated (i) the average genetic distance between regional populations of every group and (ii) Gst (Fst) variation. (blogspot.com)
  • Similarly the genetic variation within Saami and non-Saami populations in Scandinavia is dwarfing any difference between them. (upenn.edu)
  • Owing in part to the inability of phages to attach to spores, seed banks stabilized population dynamics and resulted in minimum host densities that were 30-fold higher compared to bacteria that were unable to engage in dormancy. (nature.com)
  • In theory, the extent of fitness costs determines the long-term stability of resistance, and consequently, the rate by which the frequency of resistant bacteria decreases in an antibiotic-free environment. (elifesciences.org)
  • 1 Eight Asian countries reported frequencies found that 37% of the carbapenem prescriptions were of isolation of Pseudomonas spp. (who.int)
  • In 2019, a total of 105,049 dengue cases were reported as the second highest dengue epidemic faced by the country. (hindawi.com)
  • It causes high mortality and morbidity especially in low- and middle-income countries where access to diagnostics is limited and antimicrobial prescription and intake remain inadequately regulated. (who.int)
  • There's an excellent discussion of the article by Razib Khan, " The Basques may not be who we think they are ", Gene Expression 2/18/2010. (upenn.edu)
  • This is not surprising given the strong evidence for interaction between myelin and axon gene expression in development and after experimental nerve lesions. (medscape.com)
  • Not only does dormancy create structure and memory that buffers populations against environmental fluctuations, it also modifies species interactions in ways that can feed back onto the eco-evolutionary dynamics of microbial communities. (nature.com)
  • Cases were classified into control, copper-associated hepatopathy (CAH), and intermediate populations on the basis of histopathologic features and hepatic copper accumulation. (avma.org)
  • Hilde M. Wilkinson-Herbots, " Coalescence Times and F ST Values in Subdivided Populations with Symmetric Structure ", Advances in Applied Probability 35(3) 2003. (upenn.edu)
  • Genetically, this phenomenon is characterized by an increase in allele frequencies in a population as a direct result of the selection effects caused by pesticides ( Braga and Valle, 2007a ). (geneticsmr.com)
  • It could be valuable for enriching the ethnical information resources for KIR gene, as well as facilitating further research on KIR-related diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. (mdpi.com)
  • To figure out in which population the selection occurred, the team examined a third, more distantly related European population, the Danish. (berkeley.edu)