• Ammonia is a naturally-occurring compound that is an intermediate in the global nitrogen cycle. (cdc.gov)
  • Lightning strikes also "fix" atmospheric nitrogen, but they produce nitrogen oxides, not ammonia. (cdc.gov)
  • Because of its role in natural processes and cycles, ammonia is found at low concentrations in most environmental media. (cdc.gov)
  • When ammonia is found at a local concentration that is higher than these background levels, it is often a result of human influence. (cdc.gov)
  • Ammonia is hazardous only when exposure is to high levels. (cdc.gov)
  • Ammonia is a key intermediate in the nitrogen cycle, a natural cycle that is coupled with other important biological cycles (i.e., the sulfur cycle and carbon cycle). (cdc.gov)
  • An understanding of the role of ammonia in the nitrogen cycle, at least on a generalized level, is important in determining the environmental fate of ammonia. (cdc.gov)
  • A simplified schematic of the microbial processes of the nitrogen cycle that involves ammonia can be found in Figure 6-2. (cdc.gov)
  • 6. POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN EXPOSURE production or transformation of ammonia: nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and ammonification. (cdc.gov)
  • Ammonification (or nitrogen mineralization) is the conversion of organic nitrogen into ammonia. (cdc.gov)
  • Ammonia may be released to soils by natural or synthetic fertilizer application, animal (including livestock) excrement degradation, decay of organic material from dead plants and animals, and indirectly from natural fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. (cdc.gov)
  • As a result, urine patches can produce gaseous emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide and dinitrogen, and result in increased leaching of nitrate from soils. (bangor.ac.uk)
  • In the rumen, nitrates (NO 3 ) are converted to nitrites (NO 2 ), which are converted to ammonia and then amino acids. (ontario.ca)
  • Likewise, the reduction efficiency of nitrate nitrogen (NO − 3 -N), ammonia nitrogen (NH + 4 -N), phosphate (PO 3 − 4 -P) was compared. (researchsquare.com)
  • This report includes the estimation of loads of nitrate, ammonia, total dissolved nitrogen, and total dissolved phosphorus to the estuary derived from runoff within the watershed and oceanic inputs during summers 2011 and 2012. (usgs.gov)
  • In contrast to the situation at Lägeren, which was located in a forested area, at Beromünster it will be possible to make measurements of fine particulate concentrations and that of various nitrogen compounds such as ammonia and nitrate. (admin.ch)
  • According to the recently published NABEL Annual Report 2015, it is primarily fine particulates, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and ozone, which continue to represent a challenge in terms of clean air in Switzerland. (admin.ch)
  • Priority is given to measuring the concentrations of those pollutants, which are covered by the Swiss Ordinance on Air Pollution Control, or those which must be monitored in the context of international agreements including air pollution reduction measures (nitrogen dioxide, ozone, fine particulates, sulphur dioxide, benzene, ammonia etc. (admin.ch)
  • As the climate warms, volatilisation of ammonia emissions will lead to a further rise in ammonia concentrations. (apis.ac.uk)
  • Ammonia can be volatilised, emitted into the atmosphere when the surface concentration exceeds that of the surrounding air. (apis.ac.uk)
  • Ammonia concentrations are monitored across the UK ( UK pollutant deposition ), and show large spatial variability, reflecting a combination of the large number of ground level sources, primarily related to livestock farming, and the very reactive nature of gaseous NH3. (apis.ac.uk)
  • The results showed that the dominant water quality parameters affecting estuarine water quality were salinity, total organic matter, nitrogen content, either in the form of ammonia, nitrate, or nitrite, and phosphorus content, especially phosphate. (who.int)
  • The results of water quality analysis in estuaries showed that salinity, organic matter, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate, and phosphate exceed the standard threshold for water quality standards for fish pond aquaculture. (who.int)
  • One of the highest production-volume chemicals in the U.S., concentrated ammonia is used in manufacturing, refrigeration, and agriculture (as a fertilizer). (cdc.gov)
  • They are produced commercially, usually as the first step in the production of nitric acid, either by the direct oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen in the electric arc (Birkeland-Eyder Process) or by the catalytic oxidation of anhydrous ammonia (Oswald Process). (cdc.gov)
  • Denitrification is the process whereby the nitrogen oxides (i.e., nitrate and nitrite) are reduced under anaerobic conditions to N2 and N2O, which can escape to the atmosphere. (cdc.gov)
  • One objective of the investigation was to determine potential employee exposures to oxides of nitrogen (NO2 and NO) in the acid plant using two NIOSH analytical methods. (cdc.gov)
  • Synonyms for mixtures of nitrogen oxides include nitrogen fumes and nitrous fumes. (cdc.gov)
  • Persons whose clothing is contaminated with liquid nitrogen oxides can secondarily contaminate others by direct contact or through off-gassing vapors. (cdc.gov)
  • Odor generally provides an adequate warning of acute exposure providing the higher oxides (NO 2 , N 2 O 4 and N 2 O 5 ) are present. (cdc.gov)
  • The primary route of exposure to nitrogen oxides is by inhalation, but exposure by any route can cause systemic effects. (cdc.gov)
  • Nitrogen oxides represent a mixture of gases designated by the formula NO x . (cdc.gov)
  • The toxicity of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) or laughing gas, which is used as an anesthetic, is different from that of the other nitrogen oxides and is not discussed in this protocol. (cdc.gov)
  • Nitrogen oxides (NO 2 , N 2 O 4 , N 2 O 3 and N2O5) are irritating to the upper respiratory tract and lungs even at low concentrations. (cdc.gov)
  • Children exposed to the same levels of nitrogen oxides as adults may receive larger doses because they have greater lung surface area:body weight ratios and increased minute volumes:weight ratios. (cdc.gov)
  • Nitrogen oxides form naturally during the oxidation of nitrogen-containing compounds such as coal, diesel fuel, and silage. (cdc.gov)
  • Nitrogen oxides are also formed during arc welding, electroplating, engraving, dynamite blasting, as components of rocket fuel, and nitration reactions such as in the production of nitro-explosives, including gun-cotton, dynamite and TNT. (cdc.gov)
  • Trace metal impurities most likely cause nitrogen oxides to form in nitric acid and its solutions. (cdc.gov)
  • Nitrogen oxides are intermediates in the production of lacquers, dyes, and other chemicals and are important components of photo-oxidant smog. (cdc.gov)
  • Pollutants with the strongest evidence for public health concern are fine particulate matter1 and gases (mainly carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and volatile organic compounds). (who.int)
  • Median concentrations of suspended sediment and total phosphorus were higher in the Missouri River Subbasin during the flood when compared to the other three subbasins. (usgs.gov)
  • In this study, we focused on the two most important coastal biogeochemical processes that remove nitrogen and phosphorus permanently: denitrification and phosphorus burial. (lu.se)
  • High burial rates could partly be sustained by phosphorus import from the open Baltic Sea. (lu.se)
  • We estimate that the coastal filter in the Baltic Sea removes 16% of nitrogen and 53% of phosphorus inputs from land. (lu.se)
  • Median concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, and total dissolved phosphorus on the flood tide were approximately 25 percent higher than on the ebb tide during the 2011 and 2012 summer seasons. (usgs.gov)
  • The weekly total oceanic inputs of nitrate, ammonium, and total dissolved phosphorus to the estuary were usually much larger than inputs from runoff or direct precipitation. (usgs.gov)
  • The high stormwater runoff resulted in elevated phosphorus measured in-stream at several locations illustrating a need for better stormwater management in the watershed. (savethetaunton.org)
  • The typical U.S. citizen eats an excess of 37% nitrogen and 62% phosphorus over recommended daily intakes (RDI). (caryinstitute.org)
  • These microbes separate the nitrogen and phosphorus from the solid materials, first releasing it as ammonium (NH4+) or phosphate (PO43- ) in the effluent. (caryinstitute.org)
  • lt;p>Sewage effluent is a great fertilizer because it contains the nitrogen and phosphorus in forms that plants can assimilate into new plant tissue. (caryinstitute.org)
  • Agricultural practices can lead to an increased export of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and impaired water quality in downstream ecosystems. (purdue.edu)
  • I measured changes in ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3 -), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total dissolved organic carbon (TOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in groundwater from the edge of field to near stream seasonally from spring 2013 to fall 2015. (purdue.edu)
  • This study aimed to determine the total organic contents, total Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in the estuary waters of Maros as a source of brackish water for fish pond aquaculture in Maros Regency. (who.int)
  • Water entering the estuary has an impact on high concentrations of total organic matter, increased concentrations of Total N, and phosphorus. (who.int)
  • The risk of nitrate poisoning while green chopping or grazing this corn is significantly higher during the 5 - 7 day period after a rainfall than during the actual period of dry weather. (ontario.ca)
  • Planting one of the other forage sorghums does NOT eliminate the risk of nitrate toxicity (but does reduce it), AND if grazed after stress such as frost or drought may accumulate prussic acid. (steerplanet.com)
  • People safely come in contact with water every day through drinking tural areas have moderate and eating, bathing, participating in recreational activities, and inhaling to high risk of nitrate water vapor or mist. (cdc.gov)
  • The period of low nitrate concentrations ended with a storm event in which stream nitrate concentrations increased by 25-fold. (usgs.gov)
  • Mean annual stream nitrate concentrations since 2000 are higher by 50% than an earlier monitoring period of 1991-1999. (usgs.gov)
  • Denitrification rates ranged from non-detectable to 12 mmol N m −2 d −1 , and correlated positively with both bottom water nitrate concentration and sediment. (lu.se)
  • and correlated positively with both bottom water nitrate concentration and sediment organic carbon content. (lu.se)
  • The diversity and richness of microorganisms in riverbed sediment were increased a little bit by g-C 3 N 4 with different concentrations, which reached the highest value when exposed to 75 mg/kg g-C 3 N 4 . (researchsquare.com)
  • Currently, antibiotics have been found at diverse residual concentrations in riverbed sediment, aquaculture, groundwater and so on (Archundia et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • Sites U1365-U1370), dissolved oxygen and nitrate are present throughout the entire sediment sequence, and sedimentary microbial cell counts are lower than at all previously drilled IODP/ Ocean Drilling Program (ODP)/Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP) sites. (darkenergybiosphere.org)
  • In contrast, at Site U1371 in the upwelling zone just south of the gyre, detectable oxygen and nitrate are limited to the top and bottom of the sediment column, manganese reduction is a prominent electron-accepting process, and cell concentrations are higher than at the same depths in the SPG sites throughout the sediment column. (darkenergybiosphere.org)
  • The Baltic sea suffers from high nutrient concentrations and large areas of hypoxic water and sediment and several methods to cure this area are suggested. (lu.se)
  • The ammonium, nitrate and phosphate were extracted with DI water and 2M KCl and analyzed using flow injection analysis. (usda.gov)
  • The highest nitrate concentrations were determined within the oxycline layer and nitrite within the suboxic layer, while phosphate, ammonium, silicate, and DIN were within the anoxic layer. (bvsalud.org)
  • The findings of this study evinced that the Southeastern Black Sea possessed lower contents of nitrate (mean ± s.d., 0.58 ± 1.17 µM), phosphate (0.12 ± 1.00 µM), than the literature values reported for the western Black Sea, but consistent to the eastern Black Sea. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dissolved organic nitrogen was hydrologically flushed to the stream from riparian soils during stormflow. (usgs.gov)
  • By contrast, ammonium (NH 4 + ) (0-∼ 4 µM) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) (0-∼ 3 µM) concentrations were more variable, and sometimes higher than the average snow pack concentrations of 1.0 and 0.4 µM, respectively. (frontiersin.org)
  • The dissolved organic nitrogen fraction dominated the dissolved nitrogen fraction in all tributaries. (usgs.gov)
  • The median concentration of dissolved organic nitrogen was about twice as high on the on the ebb tide than the flood tide, indicating net export of dissolved organic nitrogen from the estuary. (usgs.gov)
  • Very little is known about how these large nitrogen influxes and subsequent high ammonium concentrations affect soil carbon and nitrogen cycling within urine patches. (bangor.ac.uk)
  • Nitrates accumulate in the corn plants when there is a large amount of readily available soil nitrates (heavy nitrogen or manure applications, legume plowdowns) and environmental factors interfere with the plants ability to metabolize it for plant growth. (ontario.ca)
  • Following rainfall, the normal conversion of nitrates to plant protein resumes in a few days as the plant metabolism "catches up" to available soil nitrates, and plant nitrate levels return to more normal levels. (ontario.ca)
  • These indicators (nitrogen surplus, residual mineral soil nitrogen) are cheaper, are more easily measured (calculated), can be more easily linked to fertilization practices and have a stronger appeal to farmers. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • The nitrate that's getting off our soil (is) our fuel tank," Waldstein says. (iowapublicradio.org)
  • In contrast, NO3− addition resulted in enhanced peat N mineralization linked to microbial NO3− reduction, increasing soil pH, N concentrations and N losses via denitrification. (nerc.ac.uk)
  • 6.5 mg/kg soil dw (highest nominal concentrations tested) have been reported in an OECD TG 216 (Soil Microorganisms: Nitrogen Transformation Test) for the effects of the structurally related substance L3 on nitrate formation rate of soil microflora. (europa.eu)
  • All test substance concentrations were dosed using gastight Hamilton syringes in multiple spots underneath the soil. (europa.eu)
  • Soil was dosed at ~30% above the calculated maximum sorption concentration to allow for some losses through volatility. (europa.eu)
  • It may therefore be concluded that the soil micro-organisms were not exposed to adequate concentrations of test substance, and the EC 50 and EC 10 values determined are not representative of actual exposure of the test organisms to the test substance. (europa.eu)
  • Normally nitrate is assimilated so rapidly following uptake from soil that its concentration in plant tissues is low. (steerplanet.com)
  • Accumulation is usually triggered by some environmental stress, where plant growth is restricted but absorption of nitrate from soil continues. (steerplanet.com)
  • Lack of moisture, together with excessive soil nitrogen for existing growing conditions, is a frequent cause of toxic levels of nitrate in sorghums. (steerplanet.com)
  • In 1997 the nitrogen concentration in the soil solution of the organic arable plots was most of the time below 25 mg NO3 l-1, and always below 50 mg NO3 l-1. (orgprints.org)
  • However, neither organic nor conventional vegetable plots were able to reduce the nitrogen concentration below 60 mg NO3 l-1, and the conventional plot exhibited figures as high as 185 mg NO3 l-1 (sandy soil). (orgprints.org)
  • The Hungarian results show that the nitrate-N in vegetable plots (both organic and conventional) was much higher than in arable plots, which is due to higher level of nutrients applied, intensive soil cultivation and row cultivation. (orgprints.org)
  • In the arable plots, organic treatment resulted in nitrate concentrations below 20 mg NO3 l-1 in all soil depths through the year, while the conventional treatment recorded concentrations of 40-60 NO3 l-1. (orgprints.org)
  • In Romania the total amount of water transferred from the soil profile to the groundwater (calculated from the difference between cumulated drained water and the cumulated upward flux by capillary rise) was higher in conventional plots than in organic ones. (orgprints.org)
  • Splitting nitrogen fertilizer application can reduce nitrate-N losses to groundwater. (unl.edu)
  • Litter sampling in a poultry house is commonly conducted to determine the concentration of nutrients for land application of litter for fertilizer. (usda.gov)
  • Fertilize the crop weekly with 150-200 ppm nitrogen, using alternating a potassium balanced fertilizer (N: K₂O-ratio: 1:1,5) and a calcium nitrate fertilizer. (benary.com)
  • Avoid high fertilizer concentrations, it is advisable to fertilize several times weekly with low concentrations. (benary.com)
  • The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted an investigation at an ammonium nitrate fertilizer manufacturer as part of the Health Hazard Evaluation program. (cdc.gov)
  • The results of assessing costs of nitrate contamination in domestic wells indicated that a reverse osmosis Point-of-Use (POU) treatment is the option with the lowest costs for a household, but the biological denitrification Point-of-Entry (POE) treatment system is most likely to be suitable with lower treatment costs for a community. (unl.edu)
  • The rates exhibited a strong decreasing gradient from land to the open coast, which was likely driven by the availability of nitrate and labile organic carbon, but a high proportion of non-cohesive sediments in the coastal zone decreased the denitrification efficiency relative to the open sea. (lu.se)
  • Stream denitrification across biomes and its response to anthropogenic nitrate loading. (nature.com)
  • Concentrations of nutrients in snowmelt are typically not constant, particularly during the 'ionic pulse' of the early melt period. (frontiersin.org)
  • Higher concentrations on the flood tide suggest net assimilation of these nutrients in biota within the estuary. (usgs.gov)
  • From the nutrient budgets determined for the estuary it is evident that oceanic sources of nitrate and ammonium are an important part of the supply of nutrients that are contributing to the growth of macroalgae in the estuary. (usgs.gov)
  • In continuous culture, lowering the concentration of nutrients (0.5 strength of a modified K-medium) in the inflow improved AZA cell quota whereas higher concentration (doubling the normal strength of K-medium) improved maximal cell concentration. (awi.de)
  • The same goes for algae in the springs: A smorgasbord of nutrients like nitrate flow through constantly, much more than they could possibly use. (ufl.edu)
  • Ironically, an initial increase in surface nutrients (including iron) eventually leads to more iron stress in traditionally High Nutrient-Low Chlorophyll regions. (us-ocb.org)
  • Nitrate concentrations, as well as the weathering products calcium and sulfate, were higher for the period 2000-2006 in rock glacier meltwater at the top of the watershed above the influence of alpine and subalpine vegetation and soils. (usgs.gov)
  • Nitrate is the primary nutrient form of nitrogen in most soils and is a normal constituent of plants. (steerplanet.com)
  • It is tolerant of strongly acid soils (pH 5.1), although maximum yields are produced at pH 5.8 or higher. (oregonstate.edu)
  • If required, nitrogen may be added into low-organic-matter soils at no more than 30-40 pounds per acre. (oregonstate.edu)
  • 50% of the applied fertiliser N, depending on fertiliser/manure type (e.g. urea higher volatilization rates than ammonium nitrate), application practice (e.g. injection, surface application) and environmental conditions (Peoples et al. (apis.ac.uk)
  • Field comparison of two analytical methods for NO2 and NO at an ammonium nitrate fertililzer manufacturing facility. (cdc.gov)
  • This facility produces approximately 260,000 tons of agricultur al grade ammonium nitrate annually for distribution throughout the Midwest. (cdc.gov)
  • This, demonstrates a watershed with too much nitrogen and illustrates the importance of EPA issuing new permits to Somerset and Fall River with nitrogen reduction requirements to help reduce overall nitrogen in the estuary. (savethetaunton.org)
  • I think that one of the biggest misconceptions is that the reduction of nitrate is going to return our springs to their former glory," said Gregory Owen, a senior planner with the Alachua County Environmental Protection Department. (ufl.edu)
  • Consequently, nitrate contamination in Nebraska's groundwater continues to occur from leaching through the vadose zone. (unl.edu)
  • Understanding the occurrence of nitrate in the Nebraska's groundwater system and the protection of groundwater from contamination is among the challenges in the conservation of Nebraska's drinking water resources. (unl.edu)
  • The results of the CART model indicated that groundwater nitrate concentrations correspond with vadose zone thickness, hydraulic conductivity, and saturated thickness in the west. (unl.edu)
  • Using RZWQM2 to examine the BMPs and climatic scenarios, the results indicated that the conversion of gravity to sprinkler irrigation can reduce nitrate-N losses to groundwater. (unl.edu)
  • Because of the wide use of fertiliser (average use of e.g. nitrogen fertiliser 260 kg/ha/year) there are great problems of groundwater pollution in wide areas, especially sandy regions, about 42 % of the whole country. (europa.eu)
  • Preliminary project results link highest nitrate concentrations to high nitrogen applications, low groundwater levels and potato, scorzonera and vegetable cultivation. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • Unplanned and substantial withdrawals of groundwater from the shallow aquifer of Ras Jbel have resulted in severe water level decline of up to 7 m in some areas and high total dissolved solids (TDS) contents reaching 8000 mg/l. (hindawi.com)
  • I also developed a statistically based model of nutrient concentrations in riparian groundwater as a function of potential explanatory variables, including riparian width, adjacent land use, vegetation cover, crop rotation and precipitation records. (purdue.edu)
  • Oceanic inputs of nitrate and ammonium were an important source of inorganic nitrogen to the estuary in both years. (usgs.gov)
  • The stations near the river discharge had the highest silicate, nitrate, and total dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, the nutrient concentrations along the coastal region of the Southeastern Black Sea were evaluated based on temporal, spatial, and vertical distributions. (bvsalud.org)
  • The nutrient concentrations showed significant spatial and temporal variations that declined abruptly from shore to offshore. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammoniacal nitrogen to nitrate, with nitrite as the intermediate. (cdc.gov)
  • Symptoms of nitrate toxicity include a rapid breathing, fast and weak heartbeat, difficult breathing, muscle tremors, staggering and death. (ontario.ca)
  • This toxicity was the reason for testing at an initial test compound concentration of 1.0 mg/L). The test substance was biodegraded by 77% at Day 28 in the Closed Bottle test. (europa.eu)
  • Silica gel was added in the study setup to reduce the concentration of test substance in the water phase, thereby reducing its toxicity. (europa.eu)
  • The level of nitrate that causes toxicity in ruminants varies depending on rate of intake, diet, acclimation to nitrate and nutritional and reproductive status. (steerplanet.com)
  • Only one or two breaths of a very high concentration can cause severe toxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • Nitrate was found to be the best form of nitrogen for maximum lycopene concentration in the fresh fruit. (ishs.org)
  • Nitrate accumulation is often greatest following a rain that ends an extended severe dry period. (ontario.ca)
  • Questions among cattle producers and hay growers about the potential nitrate accumulation in various forages caused the following experiment to be conducted and reported. (steerplanet.com)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of elevated concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), as expected over coming decades, on yield and quality of winter bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Plants (cv. (bioone.org)
  • Synonyms for nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) include dinitrogen tetroxide, nitrogen peroxide, nitrogen tetroxide, and NTO. (cdc.gov)
  • On contact with moisture, nitrogen dioxide forms a mixture of nitric and nitrous acids. (cdc.gov)
  • Nitrogen dioxide is a colorless to brown liquid at room temperature and a reddish-brown gas above 70°F poorly soluble in water. (cdc.gov)
  • Nitrogen dioxide is heavier than air, such that exposure in poorly ventilated, enclosed, or low-lying areas can result in asphyxiation. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, they may be exposed to higher levels of nitrogen dioxide than adults in the same location because of their short stature and the higher levels of nitrogen dioxide found nearer to the ground. (cdc.gov)
  • However, nitrogen dioxide exists as a liquid below 21°C and, if ingested, will cause gastrointestinal irritation or burns. (cdc.gov)
  • significant differences were found among genotypes at ambient CO 2 and between N treatments at elevated CO 2 concentration (2000 µmol mol -1 ) for all three parameters. (bioone.org)
  • Nebraska, an agriculturally intensive mid-western state of the United States (U.S.), has a large number of wells with nitrate concentrations above the drinking water standard (10 mg NO3-N/L). Large amounts of nitrogen fertilizers and irrigation water are applied in Nebraska to increase and maintain agricultural production. (unl.edu)
  • Heavy rainfall and snowmelt resulted in high streamflow in the Mississippi River Basin from April through July 2011. (usgs.gov)
  • Peak streamflows from the 2011 flood were higher than peak streamflow during previous historic floods at most the selected streamgages in the Mississippi River Basin. (usgs.gov)
  • By clearly isolating the effect of wetlands from crop cover, we show that, under moderate-high streamflow, wetlands are five times more efficient per unit area at reducing riverine nitrate concentration than the most effective land-based nitrogen mitigation strategies, which include cover crops and land retirement. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 3: Effect of wetland connectivity and streamflow on riverine nitrate. (nature.com)
  • Intensively managed row crop agriculture has fundamentally changed Earth surface processes within the Mississippi River basin through large-scale alterations of land cover, hydrology and reactive nitrogen availability. (nature.com)
  • A striking example of the resulting harm is nitrogen leaking from septic tanks, which use a drain field to treat sewage from homes that are not connected to centralized wastewater treatment plants. (pulitzercenter.org)
  • On the contrary activated sludge microbes could remove maximum 76.40% of carbon from the initial concentration of 3560 mg/l of COD while cultured in 25% of wastewater. (researchsquare.com)
  • The wastewater discharges from textile industry, which contains harmful organic dyes, high biochemical oxygen and chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), other inorganic pollutants (Mishra and Maiti 2019 ) are of utmost concern to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). (researchsquare.com)
  • Like last month despite high stream flow to dilute wastewater discharges we saw elevated nitrate concentration values in the Matfield River and Taunton main stem. (savethetaunton.org)
  • Seeping into our freshwater from aging wastewater systems and agricultural fields, nitrate provides fuel for algae to grow in places like estuaries. (ufl.edu)
  • Although corn is the most likely forage crop to cause nitrate poisoning, high nitrates can also occur in sorghums, sudangrass and cereals. (ontario.ca)
  • Rain causes carbohydrates (sugars) to leach from the forage tissue, causing fiber concentrations to rise while also lowering overall digestibility and dry matter intake. (hayandforage.com)
  • They are well adapted, very productive and provide high quality forage. (steerplanet.com)
  • As a rule, forage containing less than 5,000 ppm nitrate on a dry matter basis is safe for non-breeding cattle. (steerplanet.com)
  • Forage containing 5,000 to 10,000 ppm nitrate is considered a potential source of production loss when provided as the only feed. (steerplanet.com)
  • Forage containing over 10,000 ppm nitrate is considered dangerous, and potentially lethal. (steerplanet.com)
  • Equally apparent is the fact that pearl millet consistently accumulated nitrate at greater concentrations than did the other forage types. (steerplanet.com)
  • A high-quality, nonbloating forage in pasture systems. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Few studies have explored how interactions of biogeochemical transformations, various nitrogen sources, and catchment flow paths affect stream nitrogen variation during autumn. (usgs.gov)
  • Reducing nitrogen export from the Corn Belt to the Gulf of Mexico: agricultural strategies for remediating hypoxia. (nature.com)
  • Tests for nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), odours, total coliform (the most important test), aerobic and sulphate reducing bacteria can be performed with minimal equipment and cost and provide accurate information on the state of the well water. (lifewater.ca)
  • Nitrogen (N) management is critical in optimizing potato yield and quality and reducing environmental pollution. (umn.edu)
  • This knowledge led Matt Cohen, professor in the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation, to think differently about the way springs have been managed in the past, which was largely centered on reducing nitrogen pollution. (ufl.edu)
  • Reducing nitrate won't necessarily get rid of the algae, but it's still something we've got to do. (ufl.edu)
  • Mountain terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are responsive to external drivers of change, especially climate change and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N). We explored the consequences of a temperature-warming trend on stream nitrate in an alpine and subalpine watershed in the Colorado Front Range that has long been the recipient of elevated atmospheric N deposition. (usgs.gov)
  • Emissions and deposition vary spatially, with "emission hot-spots" associated with high-density intensive farming practices. (apis.ac.uk)
  • In addition to the transboundary effects, NH 3 has substantial impacts at a local level: emissions occur at ground level in the rural environment and NH 3 is rapidly deposited (see Nitrogen deposition ). (apis.ac.uk)
  • These concentrations can be used to estimate deposition although deposition varies with ecosystem type and meteorology. (apis.ac.uk)
  • Weeds such as lambsquarters, pigweed and others can also accumulate nitrates. (ontario.ca)
  • Other annuals that on rare occasion accumulate nitrate are small grains (wheat, oats, rye and barley). (steerplanet.com)
  • Some perennial grasses (bermudagrass, fescue) very rarely have been reported to accumulate high levels of nitrate. (steerplanet.com)
  • A. spinosum grew on different sources of nitrogen tested (nitrate, urea, ammonium) with almost no effect on toxin cell quota and growth, except that adding ammonium caused a decrease in growth. (awi.de)
  • Here we characterized a cyanobacterial consortium enriched from microbial mats of alkaline soda lakes in BC, Canada, at high pH and alkalinity. (frontiersin.org)
  • lt;p>Nitrate is further subject to microbial activity that can convert it to nitrogen gas (N2)-the non-toxic, odorless gas that comprises 78% of our atmosphere. (caryinstitute.org)
  • In areas with high rates of microbial respiration, O 2 penetrates only millimetres to centimetres into the sediments, but active anaerobic microbial communities are present in sediments hundreds of metres or more below the sea floor. (darkenergybiosphere.org)
  • Research projects combine nitrate measurements with measurement of so-called nutrient efficiency indicators. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • Fish are tracking the same paths and for exactly the same economic drivers as these other animal protein production enterprises: gaining the predictability and the high level of survivorship and efficiency that this type of system can give us," Chappell added. (feedstuffs.com)
  • Increased food production and enhanced sustainability depend on improving nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) of crops. (bioone.org)
  • McIsaac, G. F., David, M. B., Gertner, G. Z. & Goolsby, D. A. Relating net nitrogen input in the Mississippi River Basin to nitrate flux in the Lower Mississippi River: A comparison of approaches. (nature.com)
  • In the application they note the watershed here has the highest nitrate to nitrogen concentrations of all watersheds in the Mississippi River basin. (iowapublicradio.org)
  • It is highly palatable and digestible, and has a high percentage of rumen bypass protein. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Learn when corn damaged by dry weather for silage, green chop or grazing can develop high nitrates poisonous to livestock and silo gas. (ontario.ca)
  • Nitrates can be reduced 25 - 65 percent during a proper silage fermentation. (ontario.ca)
  • Corn silage that is harvested too wet or too dry will not ferment as well, resulting in the nitrates levels remaining higher than normal. (ontario.ca)
  • To maximize yield and manage nitrate risks, a good strategy would be to harvest at normal cutting heights, store as silage, analyze fermented silage samples for nitrates and then manage dietary levels through feeding management. (ontario.ca)
  • L3 and HMDS have very high Henry's Law Constants and losses through volatilisation during test media preparation and within the test system were anticipated. (europa.eu)
  • Many septic tanks, particularly old ones, allow excess nitrogen to seep through to the swiss cheese limestone and pollute the aquifer, Robert Deyle, vice president of the Wakulla Springs Alliance, explained. (pulitzercenter.org)
  • As excess nitrogen filters into Wakulla Springs, it can fuel the growth of algae that smothers native vegetation, allowing nuisance weeds and invasive plants like hydrilla to outcompete and take over the ecosystem. (pulitzercenter.org)
  • Excess nitrogen can cause eutrophication and acidification effects on semi-natural ecosystems, which in turn can lead to species composition changes and other deleterious effects (Bobbink et al. (apis.ac.uk)
  • Nutrient pollution, particularly from excess nitrogen in the form of nitrate, is often considered by scientists to be a main culprit of these algal blooms. (ufl.edu)
  • Under certain environmental conditions, this corn can be high in nitrates (NO 3 ) which can result in the fatal poisoning of livestock, and also the death of humans from silo gas. (ontario.ca)
  • Tetracyline (TC) is one of the typical antibiotics in livestock practice due to its high pharmacological activity and solubility in water (Chopra et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • Concentrations of NH3 range from 10 μg m-3 in areas of intensive livestock production, especially dairy and beef production, to 0.1 μg m-3 in the Scottish Highlands, especially in the north-west of Scotland and in the Hebrides (RoTAP, 2012). (apis.ac.uk)
  • Nitrogen is converted from atmospheric N2 to other forms by different processes. (cdc.gov)
  • Solubility and dissolution processes primarily drive the magnitude of NH 3 emissions, higher in warm drying conditions and smaller in cool wet conditions. (apis.ac.uk)
  • Although the effects of increased total airborne N by anthropogenic emissions on bog vegetation are well documented, the important question remains how different N forms (ammonium, NH4+, versus nitrate, NO3−) affect N cycling, as their relative contribution to the total load strongly varies among regions globally. (nerc.ac.uk)
  • Surface water in the upper Mississippi River Subbasin contained higher median concentrations of total nitrogen, nitrate, orthophosphate, and atrazine during the flood period. (usgs.gov)
  • Urine patches in grassland ecosystems represent unique environments where extreme nutrient (in particular nitrogen) and water loading occur. (bangor.ac.uk)
  • This over-abundance of plant life that depends on nitrogen, particularly algae, propagates a greenish color in the water, according to the McGlynn lab in a three-part study to measure water quality and visibility. (pulitzercenter.org)
  • The physico-chemical parameters in the water body vary in concentration along spatial, monthly and seasonal variation of Olosuru stream. (scirp.org)
  • The concentrations of most parameters exceeded recommended permissible limits of the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water and World Health Organization for freshwater quality. (scirp.org)
  • These changes have created leaky landscapes where excess agriculturally derived nitrate degrades riverine water quality at local, regional and continental scales. (nature.com)
  • Here we combine high-resolution land cover data for the Minnesota River basin with spatially extensive repeat water sampling data. (nature.com)
  • Consequently the nitrate concentration is often higher than the drinking water standard of 50 mg/l. (europa.eu)
  • While the water is still flowing, immerse a nitrate test strip in the stream for one second and withdraw the strip and allow the colour to develop for 60 seconds. (lifewater.ca)
  • A growing body of research led by UF scientists suggests that for some springs, changes in water flow play a bigger role than nitrate levels in prompting the overgrowth of algae. (ufl.edu)
  • Increased water demand, heavy rainfall and changes to our landscape have been linked to a much higher frequency of springs experiencing flow reversals - that is, when murky river water flows into a spring instead of clear spring water feeding a river. (ufl.edu)
  • But placing blame on nitrate is not without merit, said Robert Mattson, an environmental scientist at the St. Johns River Water Management District. (ufl.edu)
  • The higher the metal in the series, the more reactive it is and you usually observe a more vigorous - faster and more exothermic (heat releasing) reaction with oxygen, water or an acid. (docbrown.info)
  • The poor and disempowered, including slum dwellers and those living near busy roads or industrial sites, are often exposed to high levels of ambient air pollution, levels that appear to be worsening in many cities in developing countries. (who.int)
  • In the ensuing weeks, peak stormflow nitrate concentrations progressively decreased over closely spaced, yet similarly sized events. (usgs.gov)
  • Use the highest quality species that will persist in your environment. (hayandforage.com)
  • The average nitrogen species data indicated a higher average concentration of NH4+ (2813 mg kg-1) in the cooling cell end of the house and decreased to an average of 1951 mg kg-1 toward the fan exhaust end of the house. (usda.gov)
  • The keystone species S. capillifolium showed 4 times higher N allocation into free amino acids, indicating N stress, but only in response to increased NH4+. (nerc.ac.uk)
  • Multi-trophic aquaculture involves re-tasking production byproducts like nitrogen waste from fed aquatic species to fertilize plants or to feed aquatic plants. (feedstuffs.com)
  • Multi-trophic aquaculture is the process of re-tasking production byproducts such as nitrogen waste (nitrate) from a fed aquatic species (catfish or tilapia) to fertilize plants or to feed another aquatic (plant) species, the group said. (feedstuffs.com)
  • Most stormflow nitrate originated from nitrification in near-stream areas with occasional, large inputs of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate, which has rarely been reported for nonsnowmelt events. (usgs.gov)
  • Large inputs of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate show direct and rapid effects on forest streams that may be widespread, although undocumented, throughout nitrogen-polluted temperate forests. (usgs.gov)
  • In 2011, the total seasonal input of nitrate from flood tides to the estuary was more than twice as large the inputs from watershed runoff and precipitation, but in 2012, the inputs from flood tides were only marginally larger than the inputs from watershed runoff and precipitation. (usgs.gov)
  • Persons exposed only to nitrogen oxide gases do not pose substantial secondary contamination risks. (cdc.gov)
  • The report authors explained that this was most likely due to the test vessels being sealed air tight, thus not supplying enough oxygen to allow the nitrifying bacteria to convert the alfalfa nitrogen source to NO 3 . (europa.eu)
  • As a legume, it fixes nitrogen, making it a valuable contributor to perennial grass-dominated pasture systems. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Average farm nitrate concentration is almost twice the EU objective (50 mg nitrate/1) which therefore probably only can be realized on arable farms lacking intensive vegetable cultivation. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • In 1998, only the organic arable plot maintained in early spring (and before manuring) the nitrogen concentration below 50 mg NO3 l-1. (orgprints.org)
  • A decrease of in-stream nitrification coupled with heterotrophic nitrate cycling were primary factors in the seasonal nitrate decline. (usgs.gov)
  • In Hungary, 92 kg ha -1 of side-dressed K 2 O applied as potassium nitrate (Multi-K) was proven superior to potassium chloride (MOP) and to potassium sulfate (SOP) as based on total marketable yield (12.8% over control), mean fruit weight (3.9% over control) and dry matter content (26.1% over control). (ishs.org)
  • In Italy, application of 260 kg ha -1 of K 2 O was most effective (total yield =187 t ha -1 ) when 70% of this dosage was applied as potassium nitrate via fertigation during the growing season. (ishs.org)
  • Nitrate, Escherichia coli and total coliforms showed relatively low compliance across farms and years. (scielo.org.za)
  • Two Palmes tubes are required to quantitate both NO2 and NO. One dosimeter directly measures NO2 concentrations while the other tube, with the addition of a chromic acid disc, measures total NO2 concentrations. (cdc.gov)
  • The concentrations of the test substance, and sodium acetate in the bottles were 1.0, and 6.7 mg/L, respectively. (europa.eu)
  • The estuary was a net sink for nitrate and ammonium in most weeks during both years. (usgs.gov)
  • it has been found that there is only a small proportion of all genera of microorganisms that can fix nitrogen. (cdc.gov)
  • The 217 metre high tower below which the measurement station is sited (and which is listed as a protected historical structure), also allows air samples to be taken at different levels over ground. (admin.ch)
  • The inlet system installed on the tower draws in air at five different heights between 12 m and 212 m above ground and this offers scientists an unique opportunity, in particular for the measurement of greenhouse gas concentrations. (admin.ch)
  • Among the rivers, 60% had Escherichia coli levels higher than the permissible spectrum and 40% had faecal coliform counts exceeding FAO's upper limit recommendation. (who.int)
  • Excessive nitrogen fertilization can be a contributing factor. (ontario.ca)
  • Our air continues to show excessive concentrations of some pollutants, such as fine particulates. (admin.ch)
  • It is difficult to predict nitrate levels. (ontario.ca)
  • Nitrate levels can fluctuate daily within the plant, so it is difficult to assess this dynamic risk. (ontario.ca)
  • The high nitrogen levels can lead to the formation of algal mats that can shade out native vegetation, already burdened by the invaders. (pulitzercenter.org)
  • During this test, nitrate levels decreased significantly in all concentrations, including the control. (europa.eu)
  • High fertilization levels are required. (benary.com)
  • Bacteria process half of the ocean's primary production, remineralize dissolved organic matter, and re-direct otherwise lost organic matter to higher trophic levels. (us-ocb.org)
  • Fig. 4: Effect of wetland spatial patterning on riverine nitrate. (nature.com)
  • Airborne concentrations of NO ranged from 0.02 to 8.7 ppm and from 0.06 to 11 ppm using the sorbent and Palmes tubes, respectively. (cdc.gov)
  • The biodiversity was found to be significantly higher (often 100% more) in the organic plots both on weeds and fauna. (orgprints.org)
  • Results revealed that the mean rank of unbound content words differed significantly from the mean rank of unbound function words and that stuttering frequency for unbound content words was significantly higher than for unbound function words. (bvsalud.org)