High composition photochemical processes. Medical search. Frequent questions

However, significant knowledge gaps and uncertainties still exist in the process-level understanding of: 1) SOA formation, 2) BC mixing state evolution, and 3) the optical and hygroscopic properties of fresh and aged carbonaceous aerosols. (arm.gov)
The Sacramento-Blodgett Forest corridor therefore effectively serves as a mesoscale (~100 km) daytime flow reactor in which the urban aerosols undergo significant aging due to coagulation, condensation, and photochemical processes. (arm.gov)
The NASA B-200 aircraft carrying a High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) and a Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) was also deployed to characterize the vertical and horizontal distribution of aerosols and aerosol optical properties. (arm.gov)
The model is capable of determining the chemical composition and size distribution of indoor aerosols, accounting for the effect of coagulation in addition to the processes itemized above. (caltech.edu)
To better quantify their radiative forcing due to aerosol-radiation interactions, we need to improve process-level understanding of aging processes, which lead to either "browning" or "bleaching" of organic aerosols. (copernicus.org)
This high level of sensitivity enables future studies to explore the major processes responsible for formation and degradation of brown carbon aerosols. (copernicus.org)
Size resolved CCN activity and bulk chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols in the submicrometer size range were measured at Noto Ground-based Research Observatory (NOTOGRO), facing the Sea of Japan at the tip of Noto Peninsula, in autumn 2012. (aaqr.org)
The hygroscopicity parameter κ , which depends on the chemical composition of aerosols, was estimated from analysis of the CCN spectra. (aaqr.org)
The mass concentrations and chemical compositions of the aerosols varied with trajectory pathway, which caused large fluctuations in κ values especially at higher SS conditions. (aaqr.org)

The atmosphere makes up at most 6.2% of the planet's mass and its composition probably resembles that of Uranus and Neptune. (wikipedia.org)
Since the beginning of industrial development and its associated increase in the burning of fossil fuels, humans have been altering the composition and chemistry of the atmosphere. (encyclopedia.com)
Other fluorinated gases-such as sulfur hexafluoride that has escaped from applications in electric power equipment and perfluorocarbons that have escaped from aluminum processing and the manufacture of semiconductors-are also found in trace amounts in the atmosphere. (encyclopedia.com)
When released into the atmosphere, many halocarbons deplete the ozone layer and have high global warming potential. (encyclopedia.com)
The climate system of the Earth atmosphere is affected by a complex interplay of dynamical, physical and chemical processes acting in the troposphere (atmospheric layer reaching from the Earth surface up to about 12 km height) and the Middle Atmosphere, i.e. the stratosphere (from about 12 to 50 km) and the mesosphere (from 50 to 100 km). (intechopen.com)
Although nonbiological processes can generate methane, a new study by scientists at UC Santa Cruz establishes a set of circumstances in which a persuasive case could be made for biological activity as the source of methane in a rocky planet's atmosphere. (universityofcalifornia.edu)
The researchers concluded that, for a rocky planet orbiting a sun-like star, atmospheric methane is more likely to be considered a strong indication of life if the atmosphere also has carbon dioxide, methane is more abundant than carbon monoxide, and extremely water-rich planetary compositions can be ruled out. (universityofcalifornia.edu)
Methane is one piece of the puzzle, but to determine if there is life on a planet you have to consider its geochemistry, how it's interacting with its star, and the many processes that can affect a planet's atmosphere on geologic timescales. (universityofcalifornia.edu)
Solvent borne coating compositions typically contain volatile organic compounds (VOC) that are compounds of carbon, which can emit into atmosphere and participate in atmospheric photochemical reactions. (justia.com)
VOCs emitted into atmosphere, such as those emitted from coating compositions during coating manufacturing, application and curing process, can be related to air pollution impacting air quality, participate in photoreactions with air to form ozone, and contribute to urban smog and global warming. (justia.com)
Light-absorbing organic atmospheric particles, termed brown carbon, undergo chemical and photochemical aging processes during their lifetime in the atmosphere. (copernicus.org)
Gasoline is released to the atmosphere as hydrocarbon vapors from processing and use as a fuel, and to surface water, groundwater, and soil through spills and leaks in aboveground and underground storage tanks and pipelines. (cdc.gov)
The volatile hydrocarbon fraction of gasoline, which consists primarily of short-chain (C4-C5) alkanes and alkenes and some aromatics, partitions to the atmosphere where photochemical oxidation is the main removal process. (cdc.gov)
The influence of biogenic and biomass burning sources on the chemical composition of the lower atmosphere was studied through both aircraft and tower measurements. (columbia.edu)
Studying martian meteorites of different ages can help scientists investigate the chemical composition of the martian atmosphere throughout history and learn whether the planet has ever been hospitable to life. (astronomy.com)
Using state-of-the-art techniques to track the sulfur isotopes in samples from the martian meteorites, the researchers were able to identify some sulfur as a product of photochemical processes in the martian atmosphere. (astronomy.com)

In addition, the influence of homogeneous photolytic and thermal chemical reactions is computed for gases that are present in the photochemical smog system. (caltech.edu)
In one case, modeling predictions are made of pollutant concentrations in a museum gallery in Southern California into which photochemical smog is introduced by the ventilation system. (caltech.edu)

Here, we report the sub-micrometer aerosol chemical composition and its variability, employing data measured between 2012 and 2018 using an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM). (copernicus.org)
Diurnal and temporal variability in PM sources and atmospheric processes may influence PM composition and therefore toxicity. (cdc.gov)
For these reasons and with the goal to better evaluate the influence of these processes on the atmospheric composition variability, polluted air-mass transport phenomena are investigated at ICO-OV. (cnr.it)
The ISP's science goals include understanding our habitable astrosphere by investigating its interactions with the interstellar medium, and determining the structure, composition, and variability of its constituents. (essopenarchive.org)
Responses of cnidarian-Symbiodiniaceae associations to warming are determined, in part, by high-frequency temperature variability. (frontiersin.org)

Because photochemical reactions destroy atmospheric methane, it must be steadily replenished to maintain high levels. (universityofcalifornia.edu)
2] Photochemical reactions proceed differently than temperature-driven reactions. (nationalvendingblog.com)
In the case of photochemical reactions, light provides the activation energy. (nationalvendingblog.com)
Photochemical paths access high energy intermediates that cannot be generated thermally, thereby overcoming large activation barriers in a short period of time, and allowing reactions otherwise inaccessible by thermal processes. (nationalvendingblog.com)
Now, researchers reporting in ACS Earth and Space Chemistry have taken a closer look at urban grime collected from two U.S. cities, revealing for the first time that the material absorbs sunlight and therefore might participate in photochemical reactions. (technologynetworks.com)

The aircraft measurements were complemented by a well-instrumented ground site within the Sacramento urban source area and a downwind receptor site near Cool, CA, to characterize the diurnal evolution of meteorological variables, trace gases/aerosol precursors, and aerosol composition and properties in freshly polluted and aged urban air. (arm.gov)
EXPRESSO is an international, multidisciplinary effort to quantify and better understand the processes controlling surface fluxes of photochemical precursors emitted by vegetation and biomass burning along a tropical forest to savanna gradient in central Africa. (columbia.edu)

The xanthophyll cycle (XC) dependent non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching (NPQ) is one of the most important photoprotective processes that rapidly regulate photosynthesis in diatoms. (uni-konstanz.de)
We used behavior, growth, photochemical efficiency, Symbiodiniaceae (symbiont) cell density, and total chlorophyll cell content to characterize thermal resilience and examined Symbiodiniaceae community composition responses at 1 and 13 days of exposure, and post-bleaching. (frontiersin.org)

The extent of SPM mineralisation is controlled by the chemical composition of the organic component (related to OC composition), the biological capability and capacity of associated microbial communities (biological component), and the physical mechanisms of protection provided by mineral sediment (mineral component) of SPM 15 . (nature.com)
This process consists of tissue mechanisms of action and cellular mechanisms of action. (drjwv.com)

The accurate characterization of these processes is one of the main open questions in atmospheric chemistry research and has been the focus of many recent studies (see Laskin et al. (copernicus.org)

An outstanding example which can be used to describe some of the complex connections of atmospheric processes is the evolution of the ozone layer in the stratosphere and its interrelation with climate change. (intechopen.com)
We isolate the effect of atmospheric processes to investigate possible causes. (astrobiology.com)

Thermal, where photons generate heat by causing the movement of electrons from high bands to low bands. (rs-online.com)
All involve photochemical interactions of photons with the tissue. (drjwv.com)

Therefore, a simultaneous depletion of methane and ammonia is not unique to photochemical processes. (astrobiology.com)
The researchers found that nonbiological processes cannot easily produce habitable planet atmospheres rich in both methane and carbon dioxide and with little to no carbon monoxide. (universityofcalifornia.edu)
It participates in or indirectly influences photochemical cycles of OH, methane and ozone, and has a poorly understood role in the microbiology of soils. (caltech.edu)

The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer. (bvsalud.org)

The results provide the first detailed seasonal and diurnal variation of the aerosol chemical composition, which is valuable for long-term assessment of climate and regional influence of air pollution in North Africa. (copernicus.org)

Our findings highlight the contrasting impacts of photochemical and microbial processes on the photoreactivity of freshly sourced terrestrial DOM and invite further studies to develop a more holistic understanding of their implications for aquatic photochemistry. (syr.edu)

In fact, as shown by the following graph, high levels of trace gas (O 3 and CO) and black carbon were recorded at the ICO-OV during the period 26-30 August 2007 due to the transport of anthropogenic pollution from northern Italy (grey bars) but also due to the advection of air masses rich in mineral dust and biomass burning products from North Africa (red bars). (cnr.it)
Part 2 of this blog topic continues the discussion from last month of some important aspects of adsorption on activated carbon in the process industries and both parts are intended to serve as an introduction to the topic. (processengr.com)
We don't really know yet what impacts these products might pose to aquatic ecosystems or to biogeochemical processes such as carbon cycling. (whoi.edu)
The large-scale fabrication of polymeric carbon nitride (CN) films with tunable thickness, composition and photoelectrochemical properties is reported. (rsc.org)
The development of high-performance, low-cost transition metal oxide nanoparticle-supported carbon catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one of the biggest challenges faced in the process of commercializing water electrolyzers and rechargeable metal-air batteries. (rsc.org)

Dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) relies on the spontaneous shift in the composition of a library of interconverting molecules upon the addition of a target. (europa.eu)
instead, the best current spectral data was obtained using a high-throughput computational algorithm, RASCALL, relying on functional group theory to efficiently produce approximate spectral data for arbitrary molecules based on their component functional groups. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we present a high-throughput approach utilizing established computational quantum chemistry methods (CQC) to produce a database of approximate infrared spectra for 958 P-molecules. (frontiersin.org)
The process wouldn't be possible without photo initiators, which are molecules in the ink that absorb UV light as a form of energy to initiate the curing reaction. (inkcups.com)

The main objectives of the present work are to investigate the variations in the aerosol composition and better assess global and regional changes in atmospheric composition in North Africa. (copernicus.org)
The results indicate that high-altitude aerosol composition is influenced by both regional and transregional transport of emissions. (copernicus.org)

Knowledge of the atmospheric temperature profile is essential for estimating the composition and important for avoiding false negative detection of biomarkers, in both cloudy and clear-sky conditions. (aanda.org)

The process involves a previously unknown intramolecular reaction pathway, which occurs in energetic CO 2 ion-surface collisions with a surprising lack of dependence on either the nature of the surface or the surface temperature. (nature.com)
Temperature profiles and cloud compositions in the solar system's gaseous planets. (astrobiology.com)
The rate constants of the threading step increase with the temperature and the activation energy of the process increases at lower proportions of CD to PEG. (unav.edu)
The formation of crystalline PPR, which takes place slowly at room temperature, is markedly promoted at higher temperatures, with lower proportions of CD favoring both the formation and the growth of the crystals. (unav.edu)
For this method, desorption takes place at a temperature much higher than adsorption. (processengr.com)
Temperature swing regeneration is characterized by high capacities at low concentrations. (processengr.com)
Therefore, it rigorously constrains temperature without needing to know the oxygen isotope composition of water, or anything else besides carbonate). (caltech.edu)
For example, the concentration of this isotopologue is sensitive to whether or not CO2 comes from high temperature sources (car exhaust or forest fires) vs. low-temperature sources (e.g., respiration), independent of the âˆ‚13C of that CO2. (caltech.edu)
Lower night-time temperatures increased the bleaching threshold of the holobionts, whereby holobionts exposed to night-time thermal reprieves tolerated a more extreme daily mean temperature of 40.6°C and reached a daily thermal maxima 4°C higher than those under stable temperature conditions. (frontiersin.org)
We show that stable experimental treatments may fail to accurately identify maximum thermal thresholds of non-calcifying cnidarians and limit their relevance to in situ environments that are often characterized by high levels of temperature fluctuations. (frontiersin.org)

The highly efficient energy transfer and the variation of the efficiency of the ET process with a variation of the particle size is ascribed to a large enhancement in the extinction coefficient and an increase in the spectral overlap between the plasmon absorption band of AuNPs and the fluorescence spectrum of C153 with an increase in the size of the nanoparticles. (scirp.org)

A positive outcome of the project is a deeper understanding of how multivalent interactions can be used to regulate (bio)chemical processes. (europa.eu)

Fuels formed by biological processes and transformed into solid or fluid minerals over geological time. (encyclopedia.com)

The analysis of a vertical isothermal flat plate in natural convection flow shows that, for this flow regime, thermophoresis is an important particle transport process within the boundary layer adjacent to the surface, effectively repelling particles larger than approximately 0.1 µm in diameter if the surface is even a few degrees K warmer than the nearby air. (caltech.edu)
This study describes the use of electrodynamic balance photophoretic spectroscopy (EDB-PPS) for high-sensitivity and high-precision measurements of light absorption by a single particle. (copernicus.org)
Fast ignition offers a potential solution to this challenge by using an ultra-high intensity laser or a charged particle beam to directly ignite a pre-compressed fusion fuel. (ufstarfleet.org)
Sacramento also ranks as the 14th city in the nation to display the highest short-term particle air pollution. (cdc.gov)

Clouds play an important role in the radiative transfer of planetary atmospheres because of the influence they have on the different molecular signatures through scattering and absorption processes. (aanda.org)
To better understand these processes, Tara Kahan and colleagues wanted to investigate the physical properties, light absorption and composition of urban grime samples collected from Syracuse, New York, and Scranton, Pennsylvania. (technologynetworks.com)

BACKGROUND: One of the crucial processes for small RNA synthesis and plant disease resistance is RNA interference (RNAi). (bvsalud.org)
Silencing of the violaxanthin de-epoxidase gene in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum reduces diatoxanthin synthesis and non-photochemical quenching PLoS ONE. (uni-konstanz.de)

So far, this well-documented site was missing the description of the seasonal variation in aerosol chemical composition, which helps understanding the complex biogeochemical and physical processes governing the forest ecosystem. (copernicus.org)

In this process, desorption occurs at a pressure much lower than adsorption. (processengr.com)

Herein, we first investigated the photochemical transformation and the resulting alterations in toxicity of arbidol, an antiviral drug with relatively higher toxicity. (bvsalud.org)

With increased drought, structural changes (decreased density and increased thickness) in resprouts contributed to the observed higher photosynthesis and increased g mes . (afs-journal.org)

Our CQC calculations significantly improve on existing RASCALL data by providing quantitative intensities, new data in the fingerprint region (crucial for molecular identification) and higher frequency regions (overtones, combination bands), and improved data for fundamental transitions based on the specific chemical environment. (frontiersin.org)
Bioconcentration and sorption of gasoline hydrocarbons to soils and sediments may be important only for higher molecular weight hydrocarbons that are resistant to biodegradation. (cdc.gov)
Specific combustion suites are required to estimate the yield of high-molecular-weight/reactive/toxic hydrocarbons in the rocket engine combustion chamber, nonetheless such GIGO errors can be seen in recent documents. (essopenarchive.org)

Here we show that this reaction occurs readily when CO 2 ions scatter from solid surfaces in a two-step sequential collision process at hyperthermal incidence energies. (nature.com)
[ 4 , 6 ] The higher incidence of bacterial transmission via platelets has been attributed to the difference in storage temperatures. (medscape.com)
Genetic factors cannot fully explain the higher incidence of asthma in Sacramento, and it is postulated that other factors, such as environmental exposures, may play an important role in promoting asthma susceptibility. (cdc.gov)

Ultraviolet (UV) rays are used to instantly cure the ink through a photochemical reaction. (inkcups.com)
Ultraviolet curing refers to a photochemical process that makes use of high-intensity ultraviolet light to dry coatings, inks, and adhesives instantly. (easyb.org)

Analysing O 3 concentrations as a function of air mass back-trajectories at ICO-OV, we showed that the highest O 3 values recorded in the North Apennines during summer periods originated from northern Italy and central Europe. (cnr.it)
In particular, at ICO-OV the highest O 3 concentrations (up to 80 ppbv, on average) were related to air masses coming from the Po Basin PBL and from the lower troposphere of continental Europe , respectively. (cnr.it)
Moreover, measurements carried out at this station coupled with air-mass back-trajectories analysis, suggested that very high O 3 concentrations characterised the European lower troposphere during the August 2003 heatwave. (cnr.it)
This was attributed to the large vertical extension of the mixing layer, which favoured the transport of high concentrations of pollutants to altitudes usually typical of the free troposphere. (cnr.it)
As well as road traffic and industrial activities, a contribution to the high O 3 and aerosol concentrations over Europe and Mediterranean Basin may came from the forest fires often occurring during summer. (cnr.it)
Even at Mt. Cimone, high O 3 and BC concentrations (up to 100 ppbv and 1000 ng m -3 , respectively) were observed in conjunction with the transport of biomass burning and forest fire plumes both from Italy and North Africa. (cnr.it)
Most pressure swing regeneration cycles are characterized by low capacities at high concentrations. (processengr.com)
Like pressure swing regeneration, this method is characterized by low capacities at high concentrations with a resulting short cycle time. (processengr.com)

however, no prior study has systematically evaluated the impact of HABs on the photochemical reactivity of freshwater lakes. (syr.edu)

In particular, during the summer season, due to the high solar irradiance, the Mediterranean basin can be affected by intense photochemical O 3 events and many pollutants from the European boundary layer can be exported toward the Mediterranean free troposphere. (cnr.it)

Biogenic organics contributed up to 7 % of the organic matter with high contributions from compounds such as heneicosane, hentriacontane, and nonacosane. (copernicus.org)
The organic compounds produced by sunlight were analyzed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , which designed and developed a mass spectrometer equipped with a 21 tesla magnet that achieves the highest mass resolution and accuracy in the world. (whoi.edu)
We seek to understand how these compounds form so we can adjust the disinfection process to prevent their formation. (stanford.edu)

Although each layer has a distinct composition, the troposphere and stratosphere are the layers that are critical to climate change issues. (encyclopedia.com)
These results indicate that observed HO2 and HO2NO2 are in poor agreement in the upper troposphere but that HO2NO2 levels are consistent with current photochemical theory. (nasa.gov)

River run-off has long been regarded as the largest source of organic-rich suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), contributing to high turbidity, pollutant exposure and increasing vulnerability of coral reef to climate change. (nature.com)
In estuarine and inshore marine environments, a combination of degradative and synthetic processes governs the relative contribution of terrestrial and marine sources to the SPM organic components. (nature.com)

The growth of these HABs in water environments alters the composition and properties of DOM. (syr.edu)
Materials emitting high formaldehyde levels are being eliminated from indoor environments. (cdc.gov)

however, prior research has not comparatively evaluated the impacts of these processes on the photoproduction of RIs from freshly sourced terrestrial DOM. (syr.edu)

If an ocean exists, it is probably underlaid by a high-pressure ice layer on top of a rocky core, which might destabilize the planet's climate by preventing material flows between the core and the ocean. (wikipedia.org)

The heterostructure formation on substrates with high thermal conductivity has been noted to facilitate heat dissipation in devices. (mdpi.com)
Simple steady state calculations of HO2NO2, constrained by measurements of HOx, NOx, and J values, are in good agreement (slope = 0.90, R2 = 0.60, and z = 5.5-7.5 km) with measurements in the midtroposphere where thermal decomposition is the major loss process. (nasa.gov)

This study highlights the need for continued research on changes in photoreactivity of acid-impacted aquatic ecosystems in response to browning and subsequent impacts on photochemical processes. (syr.edu)

However, waterborne coating compositions can have limitations in terms of storage, processing and handling. (justia.com)
Le but de cette étude était de déterminer, chez cette espèce, la contribution des limitations de la photosynthèse, en particulier de la conductance du mésophylle ( g mes ) au cours de la repousse et sous sécheresse estivale. (afs-journal.org)
Au cours de la repousse après des perturbations, une plus grande capacité à résister à la sécheresse, mise en évidence par une g mes et une g s plus élevées, et une diminution des limitations non stomatiques, permettent une augmentation de la photosynthèse et une croissance rapide. (afs-journal.org)

Finally, I will briefly discuss how holographic spatial light modulation techniques can be used to excite higher-order modes in HC-PCFs, with the aim to selectively probe surface- and bulk processes within optofluidic microreactors [7,8]. (cam.ac.uk)
The bulk chemical composition derived by an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) also indicated the significant mass fraction of organics in the submicrometer size range. (aaqr.org)
Major uses for this process include purification and feed systems where contaminants are present at high concentration (bulk separations). (processengr.com)
Bulk separations of contaminants not easily separable at high concentration and of weakly adsorbed components are especially suited to inert purging. (processengr.com)

Biodegradation of gasoline hydrocarbons by a diverse group of microorganisms is an important removal process in surface waters, soil, and groundwater. (cdc.gov)

The highest natural concentration of ozone (approximately 10 parts per million by volume) occurs in the stratosphere at approximately 15.5 mi (25 km) above Earth. (encyclopedia.com)

The Class IV therapeutic laser has a maximum power of 10Watts which can penetrate several inches into the muscle and joints as opposed to Class III therapeutic lasers with the highest power capability of 0.5Watts which can only penetrate in millimeters. (drjwv.com)
The high breakdown electric field, n-type doping capability, availability of high-quality substrates, and high Baliga's figure of merit of Ga 2 O 3 demonstrate its potential as a next-generation power semiconductor material. (mdpi.com)
The capability to address key components of the ISP's science objectives by utilizing high spectral resolution Lyman-a measurements are described in this presentation. (essopenarchive.org)

Field measurements were conducted to determine aerosol chemical composition at a newly established remote high-altitude site in North Africa at the Atlas Mohammed V (AMV) atmospheric observatory located in the Middle Atlas Mountains. (copernicus.org)

In lubricant manufacturing, there are ever-changing complex and exacting formulation requirements, whether the material is processed in an in-line blending system or as a batch process. (yokogawa.com)

In diatoms, nothing is known concerning their location in the LHC antenna, their regulation as a function of light at the gene and protein levels, and their role in the physiological response of the diatoms to high light stress. (uni-konstanz.de)
When UV inks are exposed to UV light rays, a photochemical reaction occurs which causes the UV ink to cure instantly at low energy levels. (inkcups.com)
Gasoline vapor levels measured in the air (personal air samples) at a high-volume service station in Pennsylvania during 1 week in May ranged from 0.9 to 116.3 mg/m3. (cdc.gov)
The highest levels generally were found within the immediate vicinity of the fuel nozzle during refueling operations and levels decreased with distance from the pump, indicating that considerable release occurs during vehicle refueling (Keamey and Dunham 1986). (cdc.gov)
For example, higher chloride levels were found in North American cities, which could be from the use of road salt in the winter, whereas higher sulfate levels were reported in some European cities, likely because of coal combustion. (technologynetworks.com)

Essentially, the instrument is the world's fanciest scale, allowing the scientist to determine the composition of the sunlight-produced formulas. (whoi.edu)

In the high-resolution flux spectra, clouds changed the intensities and shapes of the bands of CO 2 , N 2 O, H 2 O, CH 4 , and O 3 . (aanda.org)

This influenced the ENR process at Technicolor and the CCE process at Deluxe, and countless others, and became a crucial element in the look of many films from the mid-nineties to the present. (typepad.com)

For the film adaptation of 1984 , he essentially invented the skip bleach process for motion picture printing. (typepad.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms1

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs7

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes11

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Aerosols9

Atmosphere16

Smog2

Variability5

Reactions5

Precursors2

Chlorophyll2

Mechanisms2

Characterization1

Atmospheric processes2

Photons2

Methane3

Condensation1

Seasonal and diurnal1

Microbial1

Carbon5

Molecules4

Aerosol composition2

Detection1

Temperature10

Efficiency1

Interactions1

Biological1

Particle4

Absorption2

Synthesis2

Biogeochemical1

Desorption1

Transformation1

Thickness1

Molecular3

Incidence3

Ultraviolet2

Concentrations8

Lakes1

Solar1

Compounds3

Troposphere2

Organic2

Environments2

Freshly1

Planet's1

Thermal2

Aquatic ecosystems1

Limitations3

Bulk4

Waters1

Concentration1

Capability3

Africa1

Formulation1

Levels5

Sunlight1

Flux1

Crucial1

Essentially1