OrganismsChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and Processes
Cinchona AlkaloidsCinchonaChloroacetatesQuinidineAlkaloidsQuinineStereoisomerism
QuinineCatalystsColchicineIndoleMalariaSpeciesNitrogen-containinResinsOfficinalisAtropinePubescensConcentrationsAqueousBitter tasteConstituentsChemicalsExtractsTreeTherapeuticCompoundsDerivativesCatalyticDosesToxicityOrganicTreesTreatArchitecturesFormPropertiesLeavesSystemDetectionActiveMakeEffectiveSignificantlyMajorPlantsReactionAnalysisProductsPerformance
Quinine21
  • From the Quechua kina , "bark," quinine is an alkaloid of cinchona that has antimalarial properties. (cdc.gov)
  • Several species of Cinchona are the natural source of quinine, which has long been used worldwide as a treatment for malaria. (efloras.org)
  • Quinine is a bitter alkaloid extracted from the bark of the cinchona tree. (yummyways.com)
  • To balance the bitterness of quinine, tonic water is sweetened with sugar or high-fructose corn syrup. (yummyways.com)
  • Quinine is an alkaloid derived from the bark of the South American cinchona tree . (answerlib.org)
  • Quinine extracted from the bark of the cinchona tree , was used as an antimalarial agent as early as 1632 (Baird et al. (answerlib.org)
  • Salicylic acid (SA) was employed to form multicomponent crystals with a series of selected cinchona alkaloids: quinine (QUIN), quinidine (QUID), cinchonine (CINC), cinchonidine (CIND), N-benzylquininium chloride (NBQUIN), N-benzylcinchonidinium chloride (NBCIND) and N-benzylcinchoninium chloride (NBCINC). (ecanews.org)
  • Quinine is an alkaloid synthesized from the bark of cinchona, a tree native to South America. (sciencehistory.org)
  • You know, in this climate, life depends upon quinine-and though large quantities come in every ship, it is taken up so immediately for the army that it is exceedingly difficult for private individuals to procure it even at a very high price. (sciencehistory.org)
  • It is a synthetic form of quinine, a substance (alkaloid) found in the bark of the cinchona tree. (edexpress24.net)
  • Rubiaceae) is the iconic source of bioactive quinine alkaloids, which have been vital to treating malaria for centuries. (sciety.org)
  • However, an absence of available genomic resources is essential for placing the Cinchona species within the tree of life and setting the foundation for exploring the evolution and biosynthesis of quinine alkaloids. (sciety.org)
  • present the long-read based assembly and annotation of the genome of fever tree (Cinchona pubescens), well known as the source of quinine alkaloids traditionally used to treat malaria. (sciety.org)
  • Quinine is the levo rotatory alkaloid obtained from cinchona bark. (pharmacy180.com)
  • One of the first remedies known to be genuinely effective was quinine, an alkaloid that comes from the bark of Peruvian cinchona trees. (nmherbalclinic.com)
  • Cinchona alkaloids (eg, quinine) are effective in eradicating the parasite. (medscape.com)
  • Quinine Herbal Extract Tincture, Super-Concentrated (Cinchona officinalis) Dried Bark Liquid Her. (herb-era.com)
  • Quinine or Cinchona officinalis is a shrub belonging to the Rubiaceae family. (herb-era.com)
  • Developmentally delayed and the cinchona alkaloid quinine also cause raised blood pressure, urine output, can be given to other selves. (revivemedicalny.com)
  • Quinine hydrochloride, t he hydrochloride of a natural substance, quinine, obtained from the bark of various species of Cinchona including Cinchona succirubra, Pavon. (whmulei.com)
  • Quinine is an alkaloid , a naturally occurring chemical compound. (whmulei.com)
Catalysts2
  • The same uncontrolled oligomerization was observed in the presence of bifunctional cinchona alkaloid catalysts with amine and thiourea moieties (Supplementary Figs. 11j,k and 12j,k).The increase in shale gas exploitation has motivated the studies towards new processes for converting light alkanes into higher valuable chemicals, including fuels. (baumaschinen-knell.de)
  • calvert hall college high school ekeystone Axens oligomerization technologies rely on strong expertise accumulated over 50 years in order to provide the most appropriate solutions to achieve high conversions of light olefinic fractions into higher-value gasoline and middle distillates in association with dedicated catalysts specially developed for these applications. (baumaschinen-knell.de)
Colchicine1
  • The plant, from the lily family, in fact contains colchicine, an alkaloid from which a powerful treatment for granulocytic leukemia is now made. (dhushara.com)
Indole1
  • Extracts containing these terpene indole alkaloids (TIAs) can inhibit the formation and destabilize preformed fibrils of amyloid β protein (a pathological marker of Alzheimer's disease), and have been shown to improve the cognitive function of mice with Alzheimer-like symptoms. (biomedcentral.com)
Malaria2
  • This cerebral complication of malaria is implicated particularly with lasting cognitive deficits that owing to the high prevalence of disease worldwide may contribute significantly to the global burden of psychiatric morbidity [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2.1 History In the 1600s, the Jesuits who proselytized Chile discovered from the Incas that the bark of the cinchona tree can cure malaria [4, 5]. (c19hcq.org)
Species4
  • Cinchona is native to South America, where its species are not all well differentiated, are morphologically variable, and hybridize freely especially in cultivation, where numerous artificial hybrids have been created. (efloras.org)
  • In the same species, the amount of alkaloids is different in different organs of the plant and, moreover, varies depending on the phase of vegetation and environmental conditions. (medprep.info)
  • Usually, the sum of alkaloids in all Solanaceae species includes both main alkaloids, but in all possible proportions, one of them prevails. (medprep.info)
  • Alkaloids extracted from various species of Cinchona. (nih.gov)
Nitrogen-containin3
  • Alkaloids are called natural nitrogen-containing compounds of the main character, formed in plants. (medprep.info)
  • Groups of proteinogenic amines (for example, tyramine) and betaines (stakhidrin, trigonelline, etc.) adjoin the alkaloids, which are considered as transitional compounds from the simplest nitrogen-containing compounds (methylamine, trimethylamines, etc.) to the alkaloids proper. (medprep.info)
  • Many of the plant-based substances people use belong to a broad group of bitter-tasting, nitrogen-containing compounds called alkaloids. (nmherbalclinic.com)
Resins1
  • From a medicinal perspective, tree barks contain many useful constituents, including tannins, alkaloids and aromatic resins. (answerlib.org)
Officinalis1
Atropine2
  • in the factory isolation of the alkaloid from plants, it is traditionally obtained its inactive racemate - atropine in the form of a salt - Atropini sulfas. (medprep.info)
  • One of the killer compounds in nightshade is atropine, an alkaloid found all over the plant. (nmherbalclinic.com)
Pubescens1
  • Our study provides the first genomic resource for C. pubescens , thus opening new research avenues, including the provision of crucial genetic resources for analysis of alkaloid biosynthesis in the Fever tree. (sciety.org)
Concentrations2
  • Plasma concentrations of azithromycin are very low, but tissue concentrations are much higher, making this agent valuable in the treatment of infections caused by intracellular organisms. (medscape.com)
  • Concentrations in different tissues can vary >10x, in particular the concentration in the lung is much higher in animal experiments. (c19hcq.org)
Aqueous1
  • The dissolution profiles of the salicylate salts, measured from an aqueous medium using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, show a significant decrease in the rate of dissolution of SA. (ecanews.org)
Bitter taste2
  • these alkaloids give the plants their bitter taste. (efloras.org)
  • Within the kidneys bitter taste receptors can be activated by bitter tasting alkaloid phytonutrients and cause more uptake of calcium for removal in the urine output, more is included later in the post on this topic. (effectiveselfcare.info)
Constituents2
  • Many bioactives and other high-value plant constituents can be considered to be a part of the biomass extractives , which are defined as extraneous components that may be separated from the insoluble cell wall material by their solubility in water or neutral organic solvents. (celignis.com)
  • The transcriptome data from this study provides an important resource for understanding the formation of major bioactive constituents in the capsule extract from Uncaria , and provides information that may aid in metabolic engineering to increase yields of these important alkaloids. (biomedcentral.com)
Chemicals1
  • Selective hydrogenolysis of biomass glycerol to propanediol is a promising route for the production of high-value chemicals but remains a challenge. (nature.com)
Extracts1
Tree3
Therapeutic3
  • High plasma concentration and maximum therapeutic effect is achieved within one to six hours. (edexpress24.net)
  • A large single dose or higher therapeutic doses taken for a few days produce a syndrome called cinchonism. (pharmacy180.com)
  • HCQ and CQ are equipotent but CQ is more toxic, the therapeutic ratio is higher for HCQ. (c19hcq.org)
Compounds2
  • Michael reaction is the nucleophilic addition of active methylene compounds to conjugated olefins, resultantly affording a variety of biologically active scaffolds with high enantiopurity. (ablesci.com)
  • High polar compounds, such as metformin (an oral antidiabetic drug in biguanide class) are not retained by reversed-phase chromatography. (shodex.com)
Derivatives3
  • The plant contains alkaloids with fused pyrrolidine and piperidine rings (derivatives of tropine, scopine and ecgonine). (medprep.info)
  • Other tropane derivatives, found in the same plants in small quantities, as well as liquid and volatile pyridine derivatives, often associated with tropane alkaloids, are of no practical importance. (medprep.info)
  • Only the fruit, looking like of a bay (the aril) is tolerable, the other parts (seed, leaf, bark) contain taxine, an alkaloid cardio-active and dangerous diterpene taxane derivatives: taxol (inhibitor of cell division). (european-trees.com)
Catalytic1
  • The well-defined palladium N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex [Pd(IPr* OMe )(cin)(Cl)] provides high catalytic activity for carbon-sulfur cross-coupling reactions of nonactivated and deactivated aryl halides with a large variety of aryl- and alkylthiols. (organic-chemistry.org)
Doses5
  • Good results have been achieved when using higher doses than those used to treat other diseases. (edexpress24.net)
  • high doses, the buckeye is poisonous (saponins). (european-trees.com)
  • At high doses, the essential oil is a poison of the nervous system. (european-trees.com)
  • affects hearing and vision at higher doses. (pharmacy180.com)
  • Poisoning with still higher doses results in the above symptoms in an exaggerated form. (pharmacy180.com)
Toxicity1
Organic2
  • The diversity of these alkaloids depends on which amino alcohol was formed in the process of biosynthesis from tropane (tropine, scopine or ecgonine) and with what organic acids these amino alcohols subsequently formed esters. (medprep.info)
  • However, many disadvantages are associated with metal-mediated organic transformations including harsh reaction conditions (e.g., high temperature) and toxic solvents. (beilstein-journals.org)
Trees1
  • In the 1620s, Jesuit missionaries living in Peru learned of the healing powers of the bark of "fever trees" that grew in the high forests of Peru and Bolivia. (cdc.gov)
Treat1
Architectures1
  • Nowadays, organocatalysis is especially applied to asymmetric synthesis and a huge number of organocatalysts has been introduced in last three decades for the asymmetric synthesis of acyclic, carbocyclic, heterocyclic, and polycyclic molecular architectures with high molecular complexity. (beilstein-journals.org)
Form2
  • Tropine in nightshades is esterified with tropic acid to form the alkaloid hyoscyamine. (medprep.info)
  • In this paper, the fabricated PDMS chip was integrated with the high sensitive CL detection system to form a miniaturized electrophoresis on chip system (MCE). (globethesis.com)
Properties1
  • Here the authors use a deep learning approach to predict the quantum mechanical wavefunction at high efficiency from which other ground-state properties can be derived. (nature.com)
Leaves1
  • In leaves within 0.45% of the amount of alkaloids with a predominance of hyoscyamine, but many volatile bases. (medprep.info)
System1
  • The original α-olefin commercial catalyst system, triethylaluminum, has grown to become one of the highest volume organometallics. (baumaschinen-knell.de)
Detection1
  • Eluent containing a high acetonitrile ratio provides a high sensitive MS detection. (shodex.com)
Active1
  • Of natural pharmacologically active substances, alkaloids are the main group from which modern medicine draws the largest number of highly effective drugs. (medprep.info)
Make1
  • According to modern concepts, alkaloid-bearing plants make up 10% of the entire world flora. (medprep.info)
Effective1
  • Axens homogeneous oligomerization technologies rely on strong expertise accumulated over 50 years in order to provide the most efficient and cost-effective solutions to produce high purity 1-Butene and 1-Hexene via ethylene dimerization and trimerization, as well as octenes by means of butenes dimerization. (baumaschinen-knell.de)
Significantly1
  • Remdesivir use was associated with significantly higher cognition at 12 months based on the MOCA-Blind (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.70). (bvsalud.org)
Major1
  • The major medicinal alkaloids isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla (gouteng in chinese) capsules are rhynchophylline (RIN) and isorhynchophylline (IRN). (biomedcentral.com)
Plants2
  • The name has long been incorrectly used in cultivation for plants treated here as Cinchona calisaya (Andersson, loc. (efloras.org)
  • According to world literature, by the end of the past decade, the number of alkaloids isolated from the higher plants of the Earth's flora exceeded 5000. (medprep.info)
Reaction2
  • A general palladium-catalyzed reaction using the CyPF- t -Bu ligand for the coupling of aryl halides and sulfonates with thiols exhibits extraordinary turnover numbers and high tolerance of functional groups. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • reaction: see text] A novel binaphthyl-derived amine thiourea organocatalyst has been developed and demonstrated to efficiently catalyze Michael addition reactions (using as low as 1 mol % loading) of diketones to nitroalkenes with remarkably high enantioselectivities. (unboundmedicine.com)
Analysis1
  • It not only inherits the characteristic of minimum sample volume (nL) in capillary electrophoresis, but also takes other advantages of miniaturized device, high sensitivity, rapid analysis, durability and complicated integration. (globethesis.com)
Products1
  • While CO 2 reduction proves an appealing means to convert greenhouse emissions to high-value products, there are few materials capable of such a conversion. (nature.com)
Performance1
  • Furthermore, the effects of operation parameters were investigated so as to carry out separation with high performance and sensitivity. (globethesis.com)