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GlucagonHomeostasisReceptors, GlucagonChromatography, AffinityKineticsProtein BindingMolecular Sequence DataBinding SitesInsulinGlucagon-Secreting CellsBinding, CompetitiveAmino Acid SequenceLiverAntibody AffinityAffinity LabelsGlucoseBlood GlucoseLigandsCell LineSomatostatinBase SequenceRecombinant ProteinsIslets of LangerhansCalciumCell MembraneModels, MolecularCells, CulturedRats, Inbred StrainsProglucagonProtein Structure, TertiaryGluconeogenesisHypoglycemiaCarrier ProteinsStructure-Activity RelationshipReceptors, Cell SurfaceRadioligand AssayPeptidesPancreasProtein ConformationCyclic AMPMutationDose-Response Relationship, DrugGlucagon-Like PeptidesPancreatic PolypeptidePeptide FragmentsGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Surface Plasmon ResonanceCricetinaeBiological TransportSignal TransductionAdenylate CyclaseEpinephrinePancreatic HormonesSequence Homology, Amino AcidMice, Inbred C57BLSubstrate SpecificityRecombinant Fusion ProteinsMice, KnockoutReceptors, Gastrointestinal HormoneRNA, MessengerMutagenesis, Site-DirectedModels, BiologicalElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationCattleDogsCHO CellsCloning, MolecularTransfectionMolecular WeightAmino AcidsGene Expression RegulationMembrane ProteinsAdenosine TriphosphateLiver GlycogenDNAFastingEscherichia coliRabbitsDNA-Binding ProteinsArginineHormonesIodine RadioisotopesPhosphorylationTime FactorsRats, Sprague-DawleyAlanineDNA PrimersCation Transport ProteinsIronEnzyme ActivationChromatography, GelBrainMice, TransgenicZincHyperglycemiaBlotting, WesternProtein Structure, SecondaryMacromolecular SubstancesTranscription, Genetic
Glucose homeostasisSecretionAgonistsRegulatesAgonistPeroxisome proliferMineralocorticoid receptorIntracellularPattern recognitiEnergy homeostasisActivity-modifyinSomatostatin receptorPPARAntagonistModulatorsSelectivityBlocking antibodyInhibitsPeptidesCalcitoninLipoproteinLigandsProtein-coupled receptorGPCRs2023ProteinsSecretinActivationRegulateType 2 diabetEndogenousHormonesAntagonistsTyrosine kinaseInsulin resistanceGPCRGastricSubfamilyInhibitorsTranscriptionalMiceInduceImpairmentInterestinglyOctreotideRegulationBindsInnatePancreasHormoneHypoglycemiaPeripheralTransientAmino acidsDecreasesStimulationDisruptionEffectsNuclearBindGenes
Glucose homeostasis10
Secretion10
  • thus, insulin resistance results in increased insulin secretion to maintain normal glucose and lipid homeostasis. (medscape.com)
  • GLP-1 is an incretin hormone that stimulates insulin secretion, causes B-cell mitosis while inhibiting apoptosis, inhibits glucagon secretion, and delays gastric emptying with overall antidiabetic effects. (medscape.com)
  • These data suggest that changes in ephrinA5/EphA5 interactions and synaptic plasticity within the VMH, a key glucose-sensing region in the brain, may contribute to the impairment in glucagon secretion and counterregulatory responses caused by recurrent hypoglycemia. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • 2, 3, 4] Mutations in at least 11 genes that play a role in regulating beta-cell insulin secretion have been implicated in the pathogenesis of HI. (medscape.com)
  • The most extensively studied and used somatostatin analogue, octreotide, binds to the somatostatin receptor subtypes II and V, inhibiting GH secretion. (medscape.com)
  • Octreotide acts primarily on somatostatin receptor subtypes II and V, inhibiting GH secretion. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, CGRP might be important in processes such as control of fetoplacental vascular tone, regulation of calcium metabolism and insulin secretion, acetylcholine receptor synthesis, peripheral nerve regeneration, and neurogenic inflammation. (bachem.com)
  • Recent evidence shows that these SGLT2 inhibitors with low SGLT2/SGLT1 selectivity elevate the level of circulating glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone that promotes insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. (omicsdi.org)
  • cells regulates glucagon secretion in mice, possibly explaining the distinct effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on plasma glucagon levels. (omicsdi.org)
  • GLP-1 has a role in glycemic control by inducing glucose-dependent insulin secretion from β-cells and inhibiting glucagon release from α-cells in the pancreas. (justia.com)
Agonists8
  • Sleep disorders are treated using anti-insomnia drugs that target ionotropic and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including g -aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists, melatonin agonists, and orexin receptor antagonists. (vdocuments.mx)
  • Prolactin levels are often adequately suppressed with dopamine-receptor agonists. (medscape.com)
  • Dopamine-receptor agonists make up another pharmacologic option. (medscape.com)
  • GH-receptor agonists are the newest class of drugs used to decrease excessive GH effect. (medscape.com)
  • Comparative efficacy of 5 sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and 7 glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists interventions on cardiorenal outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients: A network meta-analysis based on cardiovascular or renal outcome trials. (omicsdi.org)
  • Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have been demonstrated to be able to improve the cardiovascular and renal prognosis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). (omicsdi.org)
  • The present disclosure relates to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and methods of treating or preventing allergic inflammation and/or methods of treating or preventing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. (justia.com)
  • GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, such as liraglutide and exenatide are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). (justia.com)
Regulates3
  • The galectin lattice (i) regulates flow of receptors and solute transporters to coated-pit endocytosis and/or caveolin domains, and (ii) promotes turnover of cell-cell contacts such as immune synapses and focal adhesion complexes. (gr.jp)
  • Metabolic regulation of UDP-GlcNAc supply to Golgi N-glycan remodeling regulates glycoprotein affinities for galectins -and in turn, trafficking and presentation at the cell surface. (gr.jp)
  • Three putative CHH receptors were identified and could include an MIH receptor whose activation negatively regulates molting. (biomedcentral.com)
Agonist9
  • HAMBURG, Germany ― The investigational incretin receptor agonist pemvidutide produced significant weight loss and other cardiometabolic benefits in a phase 2 randomized trial, adding a different type of "twincretin" to a growing mix of incretin-based weight-loss drugs in development that also offer additional benefits. (medscape.com)
  • Pemvidutide (Altimmune, Inc) is a long-acting "balanced" dual agonist of both glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucagon that is in development for the treatment of obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) but not type 2 diabetes, as its effect on glucose is neutral. (medscape.com)
  • Included in that session were encore presentations of data for another GLP-1-glucagon dual agonist, survodutide , as well as data for Eli Lilly's GLP-1-GIP-glucagon "triagonist," retatrutide . (medscape.com)
  • The Effects of NLY01, a Novel Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist, on Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination and Remyelination: Challenges and Future Perspectives. (neurotree.org)
  • After transsphenoidal surgery, these agents are generally a first-line treatment, followed by a dopamine-receptor agonist or GH receptor antagonist. (medscape.com)
  • This is the dopamine-receptor agonist that is most often used to treat GH and prolactin excess. (medscape.com)
  • Cabergoline is a potent dopamine-receptor agonist with a prolonged duration of action. (medscape.com)
  • Disclosed herein are methods of treating allergic disorders and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist. (justia.com)
  • In some aspects, disclosed herein is a method of treating or preventing an allergic disease in a subject who has, or is at risk of developing an allergic disease, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1Rt) agonist. (justia.com)
Peroxisome prolifer4
  • A method is described to dock a serotonin into a binding site in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma on the basis of the complementarity of the inter-molecular atomic contacts. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • The molecular docking study was carried out to explore the binding mode of serotonin derivatives (Table 2) within the binding energy of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 3ADX and Receptor activity-modifying protein 1 2YX8. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • The proteins (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma left, Receptor activity-modifying protein 1 right) (RCSB PDB CODE: 3ADX, 2YX8). (lupinepublishers.com)
  • PA1-824 detects peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) gamma 2 from human and mouse tissues. (thermofisher.com)
Mineralocorticoid receptor3
  • The mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) spironolactone and eplerenone slow the course of DKD as well as the risk of hospitalizations and death in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction but their potential of causing hyperkalemia, particularly in individuals with renal dysfunction, restricts their usage. (gjmpbu.org)
  • Finerenone, a new non-steroidal MRA, has showed potential cardiac and renoprotective advantages in DKD as well as has a better affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) than eplerenone and higher selectivity for the MR than spironolactone. (gjmpbu.org)
  • It is the first nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist to be approved for this purpose. (medscape.com)
Intracellular2
  • WNT signals are context-dependently transduced to both pathways based on the expression profile of WNT, SFRP, WIF, DKK, Frizzled receptors, coreceptors, and the activity of intracellular WNT signaling regulators. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Nuclear hormone receptors are ligand-dependent intracellular proteins that stimulate transcription of specific genes by binding to specific DNA sequences following activation by the appropriate ligand. (thermofisher.com)
Pattern recogniti1
  • These PAMPs bind to an important group of detection molecules of the innate immune system, called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs). (wikipedia.org)
Energy homeostasis4
  • Recent studies have improved our understanding of energy homeostasis by identifying sophisticated neurohumoral networks which convey signals between the brain and gut in order to control food intake. (hindawi.com)
  • In contrast, adiposity signals such as leptin and insulin are implicated in both short- and long-term energy homeostasis. (hindawi.com)
  • These observations demonstrate that hunger and satiety, and energy homeostasis, are controlled by dopamine and serotonin signaling. (frontiersin.org)
  • On the horizon, novel insights into metabolism and energy homeostasis reveal guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) signaling circuits as emerging targets for antiobesity pharmacotherapy. (eddoctor24h.com)
Activity-modifyin2
  • Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) are a class of proteins that interact with and modulate the activities of several Class B G Protein-Coupled Receptors including the receptors for secretin, calcitonin (CT) and glucagon, RAMPs complex with Sumatriptan molecule [5]. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • Recent studies have shown that the previously cloned G protein-coupled orphan receptor, named calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR), can interact with members of a new family of three single-transmembrane domain receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). (bachem.com)
Somatostatin receptor1
  • Octreotide may be used in diazoxide-unresponsive patients but is often ineffective because of down-regulation of the somatostatin receptor, and it carries a risk of causing necrotizing enterocolitis and death. (medscape.com)
PPAR1
  • PPAR gamma 2, like several other nuclear hormone receptors, heterodimerizes with retinoic X receptor (RXR) alpha to form a transcriptionally competent complex. (thermofisher.com)
Antagonist6
Modulators3
  • A ) G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane proteins (bottom) that can be regulated by orthosteric ligands (such as acetylcholine or iperoxo) and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). (elifesciences.org)
  • Prearranged positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) inspired by photopharmacology are synthesized and applied to the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), a class B G protein-coupled receptor. (wiley.com)
  • In the early 1900s, Élie Metchnikoff, a Russian-born zoologist and microbiologist first postulated the theory that gut microbiota behave as central modulators influencing host homeostasis and metabolism [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Selectivity3
  • Finerenone selectivity and higher binding affinity to the MR may lower the risk of hyperkalemia and renal dysfunction, overcoming the reluctance to initiate MRAs in patients with HF and DKD. (gjmpbu.org)
  • Effect of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors With Low SGLT2/SGLT1 Selectivity on Circulating Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. (omicsdi.org)
  • The affinity of S661 for the insulin receptor is comparable to that of insulin and the selectivity for the insulin receptor versus the IGF-1 receptor is higher than that of insulin itself. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Blocking antibody1
  • It has been shown that the reduction of abdominal obesity by exercise in human adults can be reversed by the IL-6 receptor blocking antibody tocilizumab. (wikipedia.org)
Inhibits1
Peptides2
  • It also has a multitude of other endocrine and nonendocrine effects, including inhibition of glucagon, VIP, and gastrointestinal peptides. (medscape.com)
  • α-CGRP and β-CGRP, also known as CGRP I and II, respectively, belong to the calcitonin family of peptides comprising such members as calcitonin, amylin, calcitonin receptor-stimulating peptide, adrenomedullin 1, and intermedin. (bachem.com)
Calcitonin2
  • α-CGRP mRNAs are derived from the calcitonin/CGRP gene by alternative tissue specific splicing of the primary RNA transcripts whereas β-CGRP is encoded by a separate gene with high homology to the calcitonin/CGRP gene. (bachem.com)
  • In dogs, pigs and numerous other species, variants of the CGRP-like calcitonin receptor-stimulating peptide (CRSP) are expressed in place of β-CGRP. (bachem.com)
Lipoprotein3
  • 8 ] reported that the exogenous plant miRNA, miR168a, which is enriched in rice, could target the human/mouse low-density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 (LDLRAP1) mRNA, and inhibit LDLRAP1 expression in the liver. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Massive xanthomatosis and atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed low density lipoprotein receptor-negative mice. (jci.org)
  • This increases low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) receptor recycling and expression on the hepatocyte cell surface, which increases LDL-C uptake and lowers LDL-C levels in the circulation. (medscape.com)
Ligands5
  • They also showed that these effects were caused by an increase in the binding affinities of the orthosteric ligands, rather than by any modulation of signaling through the receptor ( Figure 1A ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Within the central nervous system, Eph receptors and their ligands, the ephrins, play a key role in cell-to-cell communication as well as in synaptic structure and function. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • the predicted activity was LD 50 and prediction was done on similarity clusters with the leaders chosen as the best docked ligands on the Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • In this paper, a docking study, performed to identify the geometric description of the pharmacophore in the interaction of this class of ligands with the peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma, is reported. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are ancient, ubiquitous, constitute the largest family of transducing cell surface proteins, and are integral to cell communication via an array of ligands/neuropeptides. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein-coupled receptor1
  • Drugs that allosterically modulate G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activity display higher specificity and may improve disease treatment. (wiley.com)
GPCRs3
  • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belong to the largest class of drug targets. (mdpi.com)
  • Three GPCRs clustered with recently identified putative CHH receptors (CHHRs), and differential expression over the molt cycle suggests that they are associated with ecdysteroidogenesis regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two putative Corazonin receptors showed much higher expression in the YOs compared with all other GPCRs, suggesting an important role in molt regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
20231
  • In 2023, he moved to Berlin to join Sigrid Milles' group and JB's lab to work on innovative labeling strategies for high resolution spectroscopic techniques. (broichhagenlab.com)
Proteins4
  • Moreover, NaCl improved the binding affinities between OsHAK21 and OsCYB5-2C, as determinedPNAS j 9 of 12 doi.org/10.1073/pnas.PLANT BIOLOGYusing BLI approaches with biotin-labeled proteins (Fig. 7B), consistent with all the FRET final results (Fig. 4B). (glucagon-receptor.com)
  • G protein-coupled receptors are transmembrane proteins that help to regulate a wide array of biological processes, which makes them important drug targets. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, it was found that utilization of this antibody also lead to reactivity towards other proteins, leading to the discovery of "glucagon-like" molecules. (substack.com)
  • potentially, the system of a described group cytokine that focuses TWA in some end with other group treatments to be offices at available for Anti-Inflammatory abdominal factor is proteins to a name of messengers from an high great lack dilatation. (augenta.net)
Secretin1
  • Phylogenetic analysis classified 49 as class A (Rhodopsin-like receptor), 35 as class B (Secretin receptor), and 9 as class C (metabotropic glutamate). (biomedcentral.com)
Activation4
  • It is assumed that interleukin 6 in the liver activates the homologue of the human longevity gene mINDY expression via binding to its IL-6-receptor, which is associated with activation of the transcription factor STAT3 (which binds to the binding site in the mIndy promoter) and thereby rise of citrate uptake and hepatic lipogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ability of all mammals to cope with any environmental or homeostatic challenge (i.e., stressor), or with perceptual threats to homeostasis, relies upon activation of a neuroendocrine signaling cascade called the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. (nature.com)
  • Activation of VMH EphA5 receptors via targeted microinjection of ephrinA5-Fc before a hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp study caused a reduction in the glucose infusion rate in nondiabetic rats exposed to recurrent hypoglycemia. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • However, the rational design of compounds that target the allosteric site is difficult, as conformations required for receptor activation are poorly understood. (wiley.com)
Regulate3
  • Ambient insulin levels, various physiologic and disease states, and drugs regulate insulin receptor concentration or affinity. (medscape.com)
  • As an alternative to targeting the primary binding site on the receptor (also known as the orthosteric site) with a drug, it is sometimes possible to regulate a receptor by targeting a remote (or allosteric) site. (elifesciences.org)
  • The endocrine system plays a critical role in the process of homeostasis since it releases different hormones that regulate every activity of the cells, tissues, and organs to ensure normal body functioning. (supportgroupsfornurses.org)
Type 2 diabet2
  • Soon after the introduction of atypical antipsychotics, which antagonize serotonin receptors and dopamine D 2 receptors (D 2 R), numerous case reports appeared showing that the use of these drugs were associated with increased obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • [ 5 ] In a multinational study involving more than 750 thousand cardiovascular and renal disease-free patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), association of cardiovascular and renal diseases with high mortality risks was observed. (gjmpbu.org)
Endogenous2
  • IL-6 is produced by adipocytes and is thought to be a reason why obese individuals have higher endogenous levels of CRP. (wikipedia.org)
  • It selectively binds to GH receptors on cell surfaces, blocking endogenous GH binding. (medscape.com)
Hormones2
Antagonists1
  • These antagonists provide a useful research tool for unraveling biochemical mechanisms involving the insulin receptor and could form the basis for treatment of hypoglycemic conditions. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Tyrosine kinase1
  • Receptor function will be assessed by assaying its tyrosine kinase activity. (diabetestalk.net)
Insulin resistance1
  • Insulin resistance in older PTG heterozygous mice correlates with a significant increase in muscle triglyceride content, with a corresponding attenuation of insulin receptor signaling. (jci.org)
GPCR1
  • Approximately half of the members of the human GPCR superfamily are chemosensory receptors, including odorant receptors (ORs), trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs), sweet and umami taste receptors (TAS1Rs). (mdpi.com)
Gastric2
  • Traditionally this has involved studying both central and peripheral molecules involved in hunger and satiety, such as leptin, orexin (also known as hypocretin), insulin, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), glucagon-like peptide -1 (GLP-1), amylin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP, also known as a gastric inhibitory polypeptide), adiponectin and cholecystokinin (CCK). (frontiersin.org)
  • Perhaps the most infamous is the combination drug Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, biliopancreatic diversion with duo- Fen-Phen. (eddoctor24h.com)
Subfamily1
  • Proteomic analysis reveals that TRP channel-associated factor 2 (TCAF2), a partner protein of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8), is overexpressed in TPCs from patients with CRCLM. (bvsalud.org)
Inhibitors1
  • alanine in the penultimate placement[7] DPP-IV provides high affinity for GLP-1 and thus inactivates GLP-1 which may be avoided by 1072833-77-2 1072833-77-2 manufacture manufacture DPP-IV inhibitors resulting in potentiation of its natural activity. (molecularcircuit.com)
Transcriptional1
Mice4
  • C ) The ability of VU154 to bind to the receptor varies from species to species and is higher in mice compared to humans. (elifesciences.org)
  • Mice that are homozygous for a targeted disruption of the LDL receptor gene (LDLR-/- mice) were fed a diet that contained 1.25% cholesterol, 7.5% cocoa butter, 7.5% casein, and 0.5% cholic acid. (jci.org)
  • No such changes were seen in the LDLR-/- mice on a normal chow diet, nor in wild type mice that were fed either a chow diet or the high-fat diet. (jci.org)
  • We conclude that LDL receptors are largely responsible for the resistance of wild type mice to atherosclerosis. (jci.org)
Induce1
Impairment1
Interestingly1
  • Interestingly, injection of these glucagon-like molecules in dogs didn't appear to produce the hyperglycemic effects that glucagon does. (substack.com)
Octreotide1
  • 5] Severe cases of congenital HI may be unresponsive to either diazoxide or octreotide and require intensive management with tube feedings, near-total pancreatectomy, or partial pancreatectomy. (medscape.com)
Regulation4
  • Evidence is also growing relating to the significance of K+-uptake (by means of HAKs, AKTs, and HKTs, etc.) and K+/Na+ homeostasis under salt anxiety (four, 47, 48), though no mechanistic insights into salt-related regulation of K+ transporter have been achieved. (glucagon-receptor.com)
  • A complex interplay between structure, conformational dynamics and pharmacology defines distant regulation of G protein-coupled receptors. (elifesciences.org)
  • Allosteric regulation of G protein-coupled receptors. (elifesciences.org)
  • Orthologs of receptors that were found to be involved in molt regulation in insects were also identified, including LGR3 and Corazonin receptor, the latter of which was expressed at much higher level than all other receptors, suggesting a key role in YO regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Binds1
Innate1
  • Innate immune receptors, such as Toll-like receptors on macrophages and other immune cells, recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns due to dysbiosis (eg, lipopolysaccharides in bacterial cell walls) and trigger inflammatory reactions. (todaysveterinarypractice.com)
Pancreas1
Hormone4
  • We previously reported that EphA5 receptor-ephrinA5 interactions within the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) influence counterregulatory hormone responses during acute hypoglycemia in nondiabetic rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • They occur when the hormone levels fluctuate from extremely high to low or when the body fails to react correspondingly to the chemical agents. (supportgroupsfornurses.org)
  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone synthesized and released by enteroendocrine L-cells in the ileum and large intestine following oral food intake. (justia.com)
  • Peroxisome proliferators are non-genotoxic carcinogens which are purported to exert their effect on cells through their interaction with members of the nuclear hormone receptor family, termed peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs). (thermofisher.com)
Hypoglycemia6
  • In this study, we examined whether recurrent hypoglycemia alters the capacity of the ephrinA5 ligand to activate VMH EphA5 receptors, and if so, whether these changes could contribute to pathogenesis of defective glucose counterregulation in response to a standard hypoglycemic stimulus. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The expression of ephrinA5, but not EphA5 receptors within the VMH, was reduced by antecedent recurrent hypoglycemia. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We have previously reported that local stimulation of VMH EphA5 receptors by microinjection of ephrinA5-Fc or ephrinA5 overexpression increased, whereas knockdown of VMH ephrinA5 reduced, counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Hyperinsulinism (HI) is the most common cause of severe, persistent hypoglycemia in infants and children. (medscape.com)
  • 1, 2] Infants with uncontrolled hypoglycemia caused by HI are at risk for seizures or permanent brain damage. (medscape.com)
  • Diazoxide is the first-line drug for controlling hypoglycemia in HI, but it is ineffective in some genetic forms (KATP-HI, GK-HI). (medscape.com)
Peripheral1
  • Some stressors involve an immediate threat to physiological homeostasis and require the rapid relay of peripheral signals to PVN neurons via direct serotonergic or catecholaminergic projections from brainstem nuclei [ 9 , 11 ]. (nature.com)
Transient2
  • Thermosensitive transient receptors (ThermoTRPs) affect the thermosensitivity of neurons. (bvsalud.org)
  • Transient HI is temporary, but it can cause brain damage if left untreated. (medscape.com)
Amino acids1
  • Positions with high variance as well as amino acids, which differ from the majority of sequences, are highlighted. (bachem.com)
Decreases1
  • PYY immunoreactivity is highest in the rectum, and decreases proximally to low levels in the duodenum and jejunum. (hindawi.com)
Stimulation1
  • Studies in experimental animals indicate that IL-6 in the CNS partly mediates the suppression of food intake and body weight exerted by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
Disruption1
  • He believed that disruption of host homeostasis by particular bacteria increased the possibility of a disease state resulting in systemic toxicity from bacterial by-products [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Effects3
  • This study reveals the previously unidentified pro-metastatic effects of TPCs from the perspective of cold-sensory receptors, providing a promising diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CRCLM. (bvsalud.org)
  • To examine the effects of L-arginine, we used a streptozotocin (STZ) model of diabetes to examine how an increase in NO bioavailability would impact the major biochemical defects induced by high glucose. (californiaehealth.org)
  • Due to its potent vasodilatory action and its inotropic and chronotropic effects, CGRP is likely to play a role in cardiovascular homeostasis. (bachem.com)
Nuclear1
  • Noncanonical WNT signals are transduced through Frizzled family receptors and ROR2/RYK coreceptors to the Dishevelled-dependent (Rho family GTPases and c-jun NH 2 -terminal kinase) or the Ca 2+ -dependent (NLK and nuclear factor of activated T cells) signaling cascades. (aacrjournals.org)
Bind1
  • 3. The chelation strategy Grasses release phytosiderophores (PSs), such as mugineic acids (MAs), which bind Fe3+ with high affinity, in order to acquire Fe from the rhizosphere in Fe-limited conditions [22]. (woofahs.com)
Genes1
  • There remain approximately 50% of diazoxide-responsive cases and 10% of diazoxide-unresponsive cases of persistent HI with unknown etiology, suggesting that additional genes may be identified in the pathogenesis of HI. (medscape.com)