AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
AdenomaPituitary NeoplasmsPituitary GlandGrowth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary AdenomaProlactinomaACTH-Secreting Pituitary AdenomaAdenoma, ChromophobePituitary Gland, AnteriorPituitary ApoplexyPituitary HormonesSphenoid BoneAcromegalyPituitary DiseasesSella TurcicaPituitary ACTH HypersecretionAdenoma, AcidophilProlactinAdrenocorticotropic HormoneHuman Growth HormoneSphenoid SinusGrowth HormoneCushing SyndromeHypopituitarismAdenoma, PleomorphicPituitary Hormones, AnteriorAdenoma, VillousACTH Syndrome, EctopicOctreotideCraniopharyngiomaThyrotropinAdenoma, BasophilNelson SyndromeReceptors, SomatostatinBromocriptineSomatotrophsEmpty Sella SyndromePituitary Function TestsHydrocortisoneAdrenocortical AdenomaPituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating PolypeptideImmunohistochemistryCavernous SinusSomatostatinMagnetic Resonance ImagingHypophysectomyThyrotropin-Releasing HormonePituitary Gland, PosteriorAdenoma, Liver CellMultiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1Growth Hormone-Releasing HormoneEndocrine Gland NeoplasmsCorticotrophsLuteinizing HormoneCorticotropin-Releasing HormoneHMGA2 ProteinNeurosurgical ProceduresSecurinFollicle Stimulating HormoneMultiple Endocrine NeoplasiaGlycoprotein Hormones, alpha SubunitHyperprolactinemiaThyrotrophsPro-OpiomelanocortinGanglioneuromaGonadotropins, PituitaryGigantismHypothalamo-Hypophyseal SystemNeoplasms, Multiple PrimaryGonadotropinsRadiosurgeryRNA, MessengerCentral Nervous System CystsAdrenal GlandsColorectal NeoplasmsPneumoencephalographyPituitary-Adrenal SystemTranscription Factor Pit-1Gonadotropin-Releasing HormoneColonic PolypsHormonesAdrenal InsufficiencyKi-67 AntigenReceptors, Pituitary HormoneCerebrospinal Fluid RhinorrheaAdrenal Cortex NeoplasmsNeuroendoscopyChoristomaChromograninsDopamine AgonistsReceptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating HormoneHyperplasiaAdrenal CortexColonoscopyAdenomatous PolypsMeningiomaReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionEndocrine Surgical ProceduresDiabetes InsipidusErgolinesPituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones
GlandSecretionAdrenocorticotropic hormoneMacroadenomaBenignProlactinHormonesCushingHypothalamusCushing'sNormal pituitaryLevels of cortisolDiagnosisLess than 10 mmHormoneMalignantMicroadenomasStalkHypersecretionLesionsFamilial isolated pituitary adenomaHyperplasiaHypopituitarismType of pituitaryPresentation of a pituitary adenomaBilateral adrenalectomyCorticotroph adenomasGlandsStimulates ACTH releaseTreatment of patients with pituitaryExcessCortisol productionPatientsProlactinomasDeficiencyCats with pituitary dependentHypercortisolismNonfunctioningSymptomsHypothalamic-pituCalled an adrenal adenomaTumors secreteOccult pituitaryNeoplasmsEndoscopicDexamethasoneSyndromeSurgicalMicroadenoma
Gland75
Secretion15
  • For example, AVPR1B causes secretion of ACTH from the anterior pituitary cells in a dose-dependent relationship by activating protein kinase C via the Gq/11 protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies have demonstrated the difference in the mechanism of increased ACTH secretion in Nelson syndrome and untreated Cushing disease. (medscape.com)
  • In some individuals, the cause of Cushing syndrome is surplus cortisol secretion that does not depend on stimulation from ACTH and is associated with disorders of the adrenal glands. (apollohospitals.com)
  • The most common cause of hypopituitary or hyperpituitary secretion is a pituitary or hypothalamic tumor. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Endogenous Cushing's syndrome can be defined as a condition resulting from prolonged and inappropriate exposure to excessive amounts of cortisol, partial loss of the normal counter-regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and loss of circadian rhythm in cortisol secretion ( 1 1. (scielo.br)
  • Other less common etiologies of endogenous Cushing's syndrome include ectopic ACTH secretion (EAS ~10%), adrenal adenomas and carcinomas and, more rarely, adrenal primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH) or primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease (PPNAD) ( Table 1 ). (scielo.br)
  • Decreases CRH, ACTH, and cortisol secretion. (dailymeded.com)
  • Prolactin secretion in the BCX 1470 normal pituitary is tonically inhibited by hypothalamic dopamine through dopamine D2 receptors (Drd2) expressed on lactotroph cell membranes (Ben Jonathan & Hnasko 2001). (cell-metabolism.com)
  • ACTH secretion is regulated by the hypothalamus through CRH and vasopressin, by some paracrine factor, and by negative feedback of the glucocorticoids. (medscape.com)
  • Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare disorder characterized by the overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone due to a pituitary adenoma that ultimately stimulates excessive cortisol secretion from the adrenal glands. (e-enm.org)
  • Imaging studies are the cornerstone for tumor localization in patients with Cushing's syndrome caused by ectopic adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) secretion (EAS). (nih.gov)
  • 5,6 In functional adenoma, the presentations depend on the hormone over secretion. (researchsquare.com)
  • Aim: Clinical acromegaly is characterized by high GH secretion in the presence of high circulating IGF-I levels. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Hyperprolactinaemia in the presence of pituitary tumour can occur from tumour secretion or from stalk compression causing loss of dopaminergic inhibition. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • The pituitary tumor grows larger and larger, pressing on the surrounding healthy pituitary cells, thereby reducing or disrupting hormone secretion. (vinmec.com)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone11
Macroadenoma8
  • It is characterized by a spectrum of signs and symptoms related to the local effects on surrounding structures from an adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-secreting pituitary macroadenoma after a therapeutic bilateral adrenalectomy, the secondary loss of other pituitary hormones, and the effects of the high serum concentrations of ACTH on the skin. (medscape.com)
  • We present a 49 year old male patient with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) producing pituitary macroadenoma. (medassocthai.org)
  • MRI demonstrated a pituitary macroadenoma. (medassocthai.org)
  • Nelson syndrome refers to a spectrum of symptoms and signs arising from an adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-secreting pituitary macroadenoma after a therapeutic bilateral adrenalectomy. (medscape.com)
  • Cushing's disease due to pituitary macroadenoma is uncommon and accounts for fewer than 4% to 10% of cases. (standardofcare.com)
  • MRIs (without contrast) reported pituitary macroadenoma with suprasellar extension but no optic chiasm compression. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Here, we report the case of a fatal pituitary carcinoma evolving within two years from an adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-secreting macroadenoma and review the global literature regarding this rare neuroendocrine tumor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Undoubtedly Goliath's great size was due to ** **acromegaly ** **secondary to a pituitary macroadenoma. (serdarbalci.com)
Benign9
  • Pituitary tumors, also called adenomas, are usually benign (non-cancerous). (adventhealthneuroinstitute.com)
  • Most adenomas are benign, slow growing, and relatively common. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • Despite their benign features pituitary tumors can cause considerably morbidity due to both hypersecretion of pituitary trophic hormones and excessive tumor growth that can affect surrounding tissue. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • The most common cause of endogenous Cushing syndrome is Cushing's disease in which a benign pituitary adenoma oversecretes corticotropin. (standardofcare.com)
  • Cushing syndrome from excess endogenous cortisol production may also be caused by a benign or malignant adrenal tumor that secretes cortisol or by a benign or malignant non-pituitary corticotropin secreting tumor. (standardofcare.com)
  • Adrenal sources of Cushing syndrome include unilateral, cortisol, producing adenomas, which are benign and originate in the Zona, fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. (standardofcare.com)
  • A benign tumour in the form of a pituitary tumour, is a collection of cells that have irregular cell division and development patterns and grows into a mass of cells that do not have malignant features. (tataaig.com)
  • those with ATH have either benign adenomas or malignant adenocarcinomas, with roughly equal distribution. (allaboutpets.pk)
  • Most pituitary tumors are benign. (vinmec.com)
Prolactin8
Hormones12
  • This paper deals with the problem of CD prognostic factors after neurosurgery.Design: ACTH and cortisol blood levels, free cortisol in daily urine, MRI, histology (hemotaxiline eosine staining) and immunohistochemistry (with antibodies to the pituitary tropic hormones, Ki-67, CD31 and VEGF) of th. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • The spectrum of clinical features observed relates to the local effects of the tumor on surrounding structures, the secondary loss of other pituitary hormones, and the effects of the high serum concentrations of ACTH on the skin. (medscape.com)
  • The adrenal glands are an integral part of the endocrine system, secreting hormones that act throughout the body to regulate functions and promote homeostasis. (ashp.org)
  • The inner medulla is responsible for secreting the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine (also known as adrenaline and noradrenaline, respectively). (ashp.org)
  • Pituitary tumor symptoms can vary widely depending on the size of the tumor and how the growth is impacting your hormones. (adventhealthneuroinstitute.com)
  • Functioning pituitary tumors secrete high levels of hormones and interfere with other body organs. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • Nonfunctioning pituitary tumors do not secrete hormones. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • It makes ACTH, along with other hormones. (utswmed.org)
  • Pituitary adenomas are classified by medical practitioners depending on whether or not they release excess hormones. (tataaig.com)
  • Well, these adenomas produce additional pituitary hormones, which induce a variety of symptoms or/and problems based on the hormone. (tataaig.com)
  • Well, these adenomas do not produce hormones, but if they grow large enough, they can squeeze surrounding tissues. (tataaig.com)
  • An untreated lack of all the pituitary hormones is life-threatening. (tomsk.ru)
Cushing18
  • Almost all cases of Nelson syndrome follow bilateral adrenalectomy in patients who have Cushing disease due to an adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenoma. (medscape.com)
  • Detailed analyses delineate marked ACTH secretory burst mass amplification and anomalous regularity of successive pulse size and timing in Nelson syndrome, compared with Cushing disease or controls. (medscape.com)
  • More than 99% of cases of Nelson syndrome arise following bilateral adrenalectomy in a patient with Cushing disease due to an adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenoma. (medscape.com)
  • Introduction: This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of clinical features and first line routine screening tests to differentiate ACTH-ectopic syndrome from Cushing s disease (CD).Materials and methods: The retrospective clinical and biochemical presentations of 180 patients with histologically proven ACTH-dependent Cushing s syndrome (CS) (159 CD, 21 ACTH-ectopic syndrome) were compared according to the cause of hypercortisolism. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • [ 7 ] These include introduction of the sensitive ACTH assay, the advent of high-resolution MRI, the availability in some centers of inferior petrosal sinus sampling, the refinement of the transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, and advances in pituitary radiation therapy, which have made bilateral adrenalectomy a less attractive therapy for Cushing disease. (medscape.com)
  • When there is a high level of the hormone cortisol in the body for long periods of time, one can develop a metabolic disorder known as Cushing syndrome. (apollohospitals.com)
  • But, in some people, these medications could lead to Cushing syndrome, especially if taken in higher quantities. (apollohospitals.com)
  • Seldom, when a tumour develops in an organ that generally does not produce ACTH, the tumour will begin to secrete this hormone in excess, resulting in Cushing syndrome. (apollohospitals.com)
  • Синдром Кушинга Cushing syndrome is a constellation of clinical abnormalities caused by chronic high blood levels of cortisol or related corticosteroids. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Coincidence of pituicytoma and pituitary-dependent Cushing s disease was only reported in an adult man. (eurospe.org)
  • Antibiotic prophylaxis should be considered for patients/clients at risk of immunosuppression and hence infection (e.g., incompletely treated Cushing disease, or prolonged use and/or high doses of systemic steroids for underlying disease management). (cdho.org)
  • Cushing syndrome is a constellation of clinical features related to either exposure to excessive levels of cortisol 4 secreted endogenously from the adrenal glands 5 (e.g., due to Cushing disease 6 , adrenal adenoma 7 , or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia) or to chronic excessive levels of exogenous glucocorticoid ("cortisol-like") medication 8 (e.g., prednisone). (cdho.org)
  • Pituitary and adrenal adenomas that cause endogenous Cushing syndrome affect women approximately 3 to 4 times more commonly than men. (standardofcare.com)
  • Cushing syndrome is a disorder that occurs when your body has a higher than normal level of the hormone cortisol. (nails-beauty.de)
  • When Cushing syndrome is due to a pituitary tumor, it is called Cushing disease. (utswmed.org)
  • Hypercortisolism due to ACTH excessive production causes Cushing syndrome, manifested by weight gain, redistribution of fat resulting in centripetal obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and mood disorders. (researchsquare.com)
  • Late onset Cushing s disease, occurring years following the diagnosis of a silent corticotroph adenoma (SCA) is rare, with very few previously reported cases. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • On the other hand, the term "Cushing Disease (CD)" describes hypercortisolism due to an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma and is the most common cause of endogenous CS. (austinpublishinggroup.com)
Hypothalamus6
Cushing's30
  • Cushing's syndrome results from exposure to high levels of cortisol. (fibromyalgia-symptoms.org)
  • Temozolomide - an oral chemotherapy treatment - may be partially effective for Cushing's disease patients with aggressive pituitary tumors that do not respond to conventional therapies, a case report suggests. (cushingsdiseasenews.com)
  • ACTH leads to high levels of cortisol, which causes Cushing's disease. (cushingsdiseasenews.com)
  • Researchers in Poland present the case of a 61-year-old man with ACTH-dependent Cushing's disease caused by a corticotropinoma and treated with temozolomide. (cushingsdiseasenews.com)
  • Laboratory testing showed high levels of ACTH and cortisol, confirming a diagnosis of Cushing's disease. (cushingsdiseasenews.com)
  • Although it is a rare condition, the accurate diagnosis and treatment of Cushing's disease is important due to its higher morbidity and mortality compared to the general population, which is attributed to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and infections. (scielo.br)
  • Screening for hypercortisolism is recommended for patients who present multiple and progressive clinical signs and symptoms, especially those who are considered to be more specific to Cushing's syndrome, abnormal findings relative to age ( e.g. , spinal osteoporosis and high blood pressure in young patients), weight gain associated with reduced growth rate in the pediatric population and for those with adrenal incidentalomas. (scielo.br)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary, the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) test and the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test are the main tests for the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. (scielo.br)
  • Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare clinical condition that is due to ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma, and it is the most common etiology of endogenous Cushing's syndrome after 6 yrs of age (~70%) ( 2 2. (scielo.br)
  • Outcomes of therapy for Cushing's disease due to adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary macroadenomas. (scielo.br)
  • Cushing's syndrome describes the signs and symptoms associated with prolonged exposure to inappropriately high levels of the hormone cortisol. (dailymeded.com)
  • Among patients with Cushing's syndrome from excess endogenous production of cortisol, Cushing's disease is the underlying cause in approximately 60 to 70% of patients, independent adrenal production of cortisol in 20 to 30% of patients, and ectopic paraneoplastic neuroendocrine tumors that secrete corticotropin, are the underlying cause in about 6 to 10% of patients. (standardofcare.com)
  • Less than 1% of people with Cushing's syndrome have a tumor that secretes corticotropin releasing hormone. (standardofcare.com)
  • ACTH values greater than 15 to 20 pg/mL are consistent with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. (standardofcare.com)
  • Pituitary MRI with gadolinium should be performed in all patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. (standardofcare.com)
  • Corticotroph adenomas account for approximately 70% of cases of Cushing's syndrome with iatrogenic hypercortisolism, ectopic corticotropin or corticotropin releasing hormone production and cortisol producing adrenal lesions accounting for the rest. (standardofcare.com)
  • Cushing's syndrome is a hormonal condition that occurs when a person's cortisol levels are too high. (nails-beauty.de)
  • Chronically high levels of cortisol in the body leads to recurrent infections, skin problems, a pot-bellied appearance, and increased appetite, thirst, and urinati Cushing's disease in dogs is brought about by an excess of circulating cortisol hormone. (nails-beauty.de)
  • There are three different types of canine Cushing's disease: pituitary-based, adrenal-based and iatrogenic. (nails-beauty.de)
  • Cushing's disease is best treated with the surgical removal of the pituitary tumor (when this is the cause), usually with a technique called transsphenoidal resection (behind the nose) by a neurosurgeon. (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • If the pituitary tumor cannot be removed, radiation therapy to the pituitary can be used, but the improvement in the Cushing's Syndrome is much slower. (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • That is why pituitary surgery rather than adrenal surgery is usually preferred for Cushing's disease. (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • We established the corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) test and inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPS) as major diagnostic tools for the identification of pituitary adenomas causing Cushing's syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • However, the detection of Cushing's syndrome remains difficult, as does the localization of ectopic ACTH-producing tumors. (nih.gov)
  • Large corticotroph adenomas are uncommon pituitary mass lesions, representing around 10% of cases of Cushing's disease, and are often found to be locally invasive. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Silent' corticotrophinomas stain for ACTH, but do not secrete sufficient ACTH to cause Cushing's disease. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • We describe a patient with an unusual mass presentation of a pituitary adenoma in whom there was also a marked discrepancy between the clinical and laboratory findings in the assessment of suspected Cushing's d. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • We describe a patient with an ACTH-producing carcinoma of the pituitary with refractory Cushing's disease and hepatic metastases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cushing's is a disease of middle-aged to older cats (7-12 years), and may be caused by a pituitary tumor (90% are adenomas), pituitary hyperplasia, adrenal tumors, adrenal hyperplasia, by non-endocrine tumors (usually lung) or it may be iatrogenic. (dvm360.com)
  • Cushing's should always be on the differential with cats that need very high doses of insulin. (dvm360.com)
Normal pituitary3
  • Morbidity in Nelson syndrome may be due to loss of pituitary function because of compression or replacement of normal pituitary tissue or compression of structures adjacent to the pituitary fossa by the tumor. (medscape.com)
  • CTLA4 mRNA was detectable in most normal pituitary glands (48 of 50, 96%) but varied in expression, with a histological score (H-score) ranging from 0.6 to 20. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pituitary cancer might not be malignant, but it can disrupt normal pituitary function and may cause certain health problems. (tataaig.com)
Levels of cortisol2
  • Cancerous and non-cancerous tumors, especially lung tumors, can secrete ACTH, triggering high levels of cortisol. (fibromyalgia-symptoms.org)
  • Amazingly, physicians observed an improvement in both the clinical domain (fewer headaches and improved vision) as well as the biochemical domain (a decrease in the levels of cortisol and ACTH). (cushingsdiseasenews.com)
Diagnosis7
  • Backgraund: The high incidence of cervical lymph nodes (LNs) metastasis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and lack of effective diagnostic tools determines the need for elaboration more specific tests.Aims: The aim of our study was to evaluate the accuracy and cut-off point of the thyroglobulin (Tg) in the washout fluid of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA-Tg) in the diagnosis of DTC LNs metastasis.Materials and methods: A. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • A delay in diagnosis of a pituitary adenoma may result in permanent loss of vision due to the damage caused by this compression. (doctorlawyergroup.com)
  • Objective and hypotheses: Describe diagnosis and treatment of associated pituicytoma and ACTH-secreting adenoma in a 6-year-old girl. (eurospe.org)
  • Unexpectedly, the definite postoperative histopathological diagnosis of the removed tumor was pituicytoma and not pituitary adenoma. (eurospe.org)
  • An ACTH-secreting corticotrophic pituitary adenoma should be removed after diagnosis. (dailymeded.com)
  • Moving forward, let's learn more about the Pituitary tumour, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, and preventive measures in this instructive post. (tataaig.com)
  • the clinical diagnosis of prolactinoma depends on the degree of hyperprolactinaemia in the context of pituitary tumour size. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Less than 10 mm3
  • Autopsy studies have revealed a prevalence ranging from 1.5% to 26.7% for adenomas less than 10 mm, considered to be microadenomas. (the-hospitalist.org)
  • It can affect individuals at any age, but it is most prevalent in the second and third decades of life and is mostly (~80-90%) caused by pituitary tumors with a diameter less than 10 mm (microadenomas) ( 5 5. (scielo.br)
  • Here, the adenomas are less than 10 mm or 1 centimetre in size. (tataaig.com)
Hormone13
  • The most frequent hormone-secreting pituitary tumor in childhood is the prolactinoma, which has its peak pediatric incidence in the postpubertal years. (medscape.com)
  • Serum TSH level was inappropriately elevated in the presence of high serum total and free thyroid hormone concentrations. (medassocthai.org)
  • The sex hormone-binding globulin level was also high. (medassocthai.org)
  • Based on whether the pituitary adenoma is a hormone-producing or hormone-inactive tumor, the patient will present with different symptoms. (doctorlawyergroup.com)
  • The three most common hormone-producing adenomas are Prolactinomas, Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma, and ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma. (doctorlawyergroup.com)
  • Treatment for pituitary adenomas depends on the presence of hormone production, size of the tumor, invasion of the tumor into surrounding structures, and the age and health of the patient. (doctorlawyergroup.com)
  • The most common pituitary tumor, a prolactinoma, causes an overproduction of the hormone that helps control sexual function. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • Assessment of NFPA proliferative index and adrenocorticotrophic hormone staining to identify silent corticotroph adenomas are recommended for providing guidance on the risk of adenoma progression and the benefit of earlier adjuvant radiation. (guidelinecentral.com)
  • This might happen if one or both of the adrenal glands produces an excessive amount of cortisol, or if the body makes too much of another hormone, called ACTH. (utswmed.org)
  • A pituitary tumor can produce too much ACTH, which is a hormone that tells the adrenal glands to make more cortisol. (utswmed.org)
  • They are also more likely to result in lower-than-typical pituitary hormone levels. (tataaig.com)
  • Hypersecretory pituitary tumors: are tumors that arise from hormone-secreting cells. (vinmec.com)
  • Non-secretory pituitary tumors: are tumors that arise from non-hormonal glandular cells, so the hormone in these patients is not increased or even decreased. (vinmec.com)
Malignant3
  • Malignant transformation of ACTH-secreting Nelson tumors has been reported, although this is very rare. (medscape.com)
  • Ectopic ACTH producing tumors are usually malignant (cancer). (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • The percentage of people with malignant pituitary tumors and needing treatment is very low. (vinmec.com)
Microadenomas4
Stalk3
  • 150 ng/mL) may occur as a result of compression of the pituitary stalk by other space-occupying lesions in the region. (medscape.com)
  • Other possible presentations relating to compression of brain structures include visual loss, headache, the "stalk effect", and pituitary apoplexy. (doctorlawyergroup.com)
  • Craniopharyngiomas typically grow from the pituitary stalk upward into the third ventricle and cause symptoms similar to pituitary adenomas. (mayfieldclinic.com)
Hypersecretion1
  • Patients found with pituitary incidentalomas can be susceptible to several types of adverse outcomes: hormonal hypersecretion, hypopituitarism, neurologic morbidity due to tumor size, and malignancy in rare cases. (the-hospitalist.org)
Lesions5
  • 1 Three commonly discovered lesions by hospitalists are pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal incidentalomas. (the-hospitalist.org)
  • Broad categories of etiologies should be considered: pituitary adenoma, nonpituitary tumors, vascular lesions, infiltrative disorders, and others (see Table 2). (the-hospitalist.org)
  • RESULTS: Among 200 primary PTC lesions, Cyclin D1 and P21 were found to be expressed in 186 (93.00%) and 177 (88.50%), respectively, and their expression levels were significantly higher in PTC tissue than in adjacent tissue, FA tissue and papillary thyroid hyperplasia tissue (P (bvsalud.org)
  • preschool children mostly present with adrenocortical lesions, whereas the cause of hypercortisolism in older children is usually a corticotropin (ACTH) secreting pituitary adenoma. (austinpublishinggroup.com)
  • In younger children, CS may be caused by ACTH-independent cortisol producing adrenocortical lesions including adrenal adenoma, adrenal carcinoma or adrenal hyperplasia (diffuse or multinodular). (austinpublishinggroup.com)
Familial isolated pituitary adenoma1
Hyperplasia2
  • METHODS: In our study, immunohistochemical staining was used to explore the expression of Cyclin D1 and P21 in PTC, paracancerous tissue, follicular adenoma (FA) and papillary thyroid hyperplasia. (bvsalud.org)
  • When it does occur in cats, it typically is caused by bilateral enlargement of the adrenal glands caused by pituitary hyperplasia or tumor. (allaboutpets.pk)
Hypopituitarism1
  • Генералізований гіпопітуїтаризм Generalized hypopituitarism refers to endocrine deficiency syndromes due to partial or complete loss of anterior lobe pituitary function. (msdmanuals.com)
Type of pituitary1
  • Corticotropinoma refers to a type of pituitary adenoma that secretes high levels of ACTH and is highly invasive, has high rates of recurrence, and is resistant to standard therapy. (cushingsdiseasenews.com)
Presentation of a pituitary adenoma1
  • The latency period between initial presentation of a pituitary adenoma and the development of distal metastases marking carcinoma is extremely variable, and some patients may live well over 10 years with pituitary carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Bilateral adrenalectomy2
Corticotroph adenomas2
  • Macroadenomas 10 mm or greater account for 10% of corticotroph adenomas. (standardofcare.com)
  • Corticotropin secreting corticotroph adenomas account for up to 15% of pituitary tumors with an incidence of 1.6 cases per 1 million persons and are typically small, approximately 6 mm in diameter and are 5 to 10 times as common in women as in men. (standardofcare.com)
Glands6
  • In addition to the neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine, the corticosteroids secreted by the adrenal glands are vital to various physiological processes. (ashp.org)
  • We assessed the expression of CTLA4 mRNA and protein in a panel of 157 human pituitary glands, 45 collected at autopsy and 112 at surgery. (bvsalud.org)
  • CTLA4 expression was higher (P = 0.022) in pituitary adenomas than normal glands, with the greatest levels seen in PRL- and GH-secreting adenomas (P = 0.009 and 0.023 versus normal, respectively). (bvsalud.org)
  • This causes functional tumors to form on a dog's adrenal or pituitary glands. (nails-beauty.de)
  • Before transsphenoidal surgery became available, the surgical removal of both adrenal glands was common, but this always produced adrenal insufficiency and sometimes caused large ACTH producing pituitary tumors to grow (called Nelson's syndrome). (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • Adrenocortical adenoma  encapsulated, expansile, yellow tumors, lipid-rich cells, adjacent adrenal cortex and contralateral adrenal glands are atrophic b/c of suppression of endogenous ACTH by high cortisol levels. (docsbay.net)
Stimulates ACTH release2
  • AVPR1B was initially described as a novel vasopressin receptor located in the anterior pituitary, where it stimulates ACTH release. (wikipedia.org)
  • The receptor is primarily located in the anterior pituitary, where it stimulates ACTH release. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Treatment of patients with pituitary1
  • This chapter summarizes the most recent data on the use of the somatostatin analogues (SSAs), octreotide (OCT) and lanreotide for the treatment of patients with pituitary and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). (aianmodena.org)
Excess1
  • Since the dosages required to treat these disorders are often higher than the amount of cortisol the body normally needs each day, side effects from excess cortisol can arise. (apollohospitals.com)
Cortisol production1
  • ACTH controls the body's cortisol production. (utswmed.org)
Patients17
  • Other diagnoses should be considered in patients with hyperpigmentation who have not undergone adrenalectomy or in patients who have signs of pituitary or visual dysfunction but without pigmentation. (medscape.com)
  • Before the operation all patients have high F, ACTH, negative LDDST and posi. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Patients with this disorder become deeply pigmented because the action of ACTH on melanocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Pituitary function in patients with empty sella syndrome is frequently normal. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This analogue will be available to treat patients with ACTH-secreting adenomas in a short time. (aianmodena.org)
  • Regardless of the adenoma's location, most patients will require steroid replacement postoperatively at least in the interim as long-term suppression of pituitary ACTH and normal adrenal tissue does not recover immediately. (dailymeded.com)
  • In February 2012 the FDA approved mifepristone in order to control high blood sugar level (hyperglycemia) in adult patients who are not candidates for surgery, or who did not respond to prior surgery, with the warning that mifepristone should never be used by pregnant women. (dailymeded.com)
  • Should patients with recurrent or residual nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) undergo stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), fractionated radiation therapy (eg, XRT, fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy [SRT], or intensity modulated radiotherapy[IMRT]), or repeat resection? (cns.org)
  • These recommendations apply to adult patients with recurrent or residual nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). (cns.org)
  • Prolactinoma treatment The major goals of treatment in patients with prolactinomas are to normalize serum PRL levels to restore gonadal function to reduce tumor size and to preserve or improve residual pituitary function. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • Patients with pituitary tumors who received transsphenoidal surgery during 2019 - 2021 were included. (researchsquare.com)
  • Patients who received endoscopic surgery had a higher rate of DI (P = 0.002). (researchsquare.com)
  • Our surgical team, led by Dr. Fernandez-Miranda, provides patients the latest surgical techniques for pituitary tumor removal and remission. (stanford.edu)
  • The first step is these cases is to make sure the MRI study is of high-quality, as frequently patients do not obtain the best possible imaging. (stanford.edu)
  • This essential knowledge has been successfully applied by Dr. JFM in over a hundred patients with invasive pituitary tumors. (stanford.edu)
  • Approximately 31% of patients with T2DM suffer from depressive symptoms, with 11.4% having major depressive disorders, which is twice as high as the prevalence of depression in patients without T2DM. (frontiersin.org)
  • Of the total number of patients undergoing surgery for intracranial tumors, only 25% are due to pituitary tumors. (vinmec.com)
Prolactinomas3
  • Eight of 25 (32%) prolactinomas and 3 of 11 (27%) GH-adenomas had an H-score greater than 20, while no differences were seen for the other types. (bvsalud.org)
  • Prolactinomas are the most frequently observed pituitary adenomas and most of them respond well to conventional treatment with dopamine agonists. (cell-metabolism.com)
  • Prolactinomas Among functioning pituitary tumors prolactinomas are the most frequently observed in the clinic (40%) (Ciccarelli 2005). (cell-metabolism.com)
Deficiency1
  • In this article, we reviewed the evidence that eating, especially high-caloric foods, stimulates the limbic system, initiating Reward Deficiency Syndrome. (frontiersin.org)
Cats with pituitary dependent1
  • However, unlike dogs, it may not suppress cats with pituitary dependent HA. (dvm360.com)
Hypercortisolism2
  • Less than 1% phaeochromocytoma accompanied by symptoms of ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • These issues originate from underlying hypercortisolism, which results in the manifestation of the cardinal signs of CD prior to the detection of pituitary problems. (e-enm.org)
Nonfunctioning2
  • Despite the advancement of microsurgical and endoscopic techniques, some nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) can be difficult to cure. (cns.org)
  • NFPA = nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma, SRS = stereotactic radiosurgery, XRT = fractionated radiation therapy. (cns.org)
Symptoms5
  • What Are the Symptoms of Pituitary Tumors? (adventhealthneuroinstitute.com)
  • When pituitary tumors grow they can compress the above-mentioned structures and cause symptoms. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • However, pituitary adenomas can impose pressure on adjacent tissues, causing symptoms when they expand in size. (tataaig.com)
  • The primary origins of pituitary tumours remain unknown to doctors, although the symptoms of certain pituitary tumours are obvious and recognised. (tataaig.com)
  • Continue reading to learn more about the symptoms of pituitary tumours. (tataaig.com)
Hypothalamic-pitu1
  • PHENOTYPE: Homozygous null mice for one allele display dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity under stress and resting conditions. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Called an adrenal adenoma2
Tumors secrete1
  • These tumors secrete adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), which helps to trigger the cortisol-producing process. (fibromyalgia-symptoms.org)
Occult pituitary2
  • In some occasions, this removes negative feedback from a previously occult pituitary adenoma, which starts growing rapidly and produces extreme levels of ACTH, leading to hyperpigmentation. (dailymeded.com)
  • 2009 Fernandez 2010) and studies of autopsy specimens identified up to a 20% prevalence of clinically occult pituitary adenomas (Ezzat 2004). (cell-metabolism.com)
Neoplasms2
  • Pituitary carcinomas are extremely rare neoplasms, representing only 0.1% to 0.2% of all pituitary tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A few cases are due to genetics such as giantism in the family, some cases of pituitary tumors are found in the setting of multiple endocrine neoplasms of group 1. (vinmec.com)
Endoscopic3
  • This report supports our transition from microscopic to endoscopic pituitary surgery. (researchsquare.com)
  • Dr. Fernandez-Miranda is an internationally renowned surgical innovator and pioneer in endoscopic endonasal surgery for complex pituitary tumors. (stanford.edu)
  • He has performed more than 1000 endoscopic endonasal operations, many of very high complexity, representing one of the largest endoscopic surgical series to date. (stanford.edu)
Dexamethasone3
  • CD is based on clinical suspicion, hormonal research of cortisol (F), ACTH, 24-hous urine F, results of dexamethasone suppression tests low (1 mg) dose (LDDST) and high (8 mg) dose (HDDST) and MR-imaging (MRI). (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • 50 mmol/l during an overnight 1 mg dexamethasone and successive high-dose suppression test. (eurospe.org)
  • Rather, the feline 'High-dose dexamethasone test', i.e. administering 1.0mg/kg dexamethasone IV and sampling at times 0,2, 4, 6 and 8 hours will differentiate PDHA from adrenal tumors in most cases. (dvm360.com)
Syndrome3
  • AVPR1B is expressed at high levels in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas as well as in bronchial carcinoids responsible for the ectopic ACTH syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phaeochromocytomas are responsible for the development ACTH-ectopic syndrome in 5% cases. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Decreased T4 and T3 caused by 'euthyroid sick syndrome' and attenuated response to TSH stimulation caused by overcrowding of pituitary thyrotrophs by adrenocorticotrophs. (dvm360.com)
Surgical4
  • It is a treatment utilized for pituitary adenomas that cannot be controlled by drug therapy or surgical intervention. (doctorlawyergroup.com)
  • The surgical resection of a pituitary adenoma is first-line therapy for CD [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], while pharmacotherapy is a second-line strategy used to control recurrent or sustained CD [ 21 ]. (e-enm.org)
  • He has developed new surgical techniques for pituitary tumors invading the cavernous sinus and extending into the brain space that allow for higher rates of complete tumor removal and long-term remission in functional tumors. (stanford.edu)
  • Dr. JFM has been studying the cavernous sinus for over 15 years and has developed a surgical anatomy-based classification of the cavernous sinus with demonstrated utility for preoperative surgical planning and intraoperative guidance in pituitary surgery. (stanford.edu)
Microadenoma1
  • This technique maximizes chances of microadenoma removal while minimizing risk of pituitary dysfunction. (stanford.edu)