Hexose phosphate thereby allowing hexose hexose substrates. Medical search. Frequent questions

The reaction sequence in the Calvin-Benson cycle is from triose phosphates to pentose phosphates, the opposite of the typical direction of the non-oxidative PPP. (mdpi.com)
The triose phosphates not thus "recycled" often condense to form hexose phosphates, which ultimately yield sucrose, starch and cellulose. (e-interiordesignstudio.com)

An effective solution is based on a xylose isomerase in combination with the overexpression of the xylulose kinase (Xks1) and all genes of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
The resulting d -xylulose-5-phosphate enters the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and, via d -glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and d -fructose-6-phosphate, d -xylose catabolism is connected to glycolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
To further improve d -xylose consumption, numerous studies have overexpressed all involved genes in d -xylose metabolism (including the pentose phosphate pathway) at various levels, using (1) different promoters, and (2) increased genomic copy numbers. (biomedcentral.com)
While enzyme assays have not been carried out to determine the substrate specificity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase and PPi-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase in C. thermocellum, it is tempting to propose a similar hexose-to-pentose conversion mechanism. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is divided into an oxidative branch that makes pentose phosphates and a non-oxidative branch that consumes pentose phosphates, though the non-oxidative branch is considered reversible. (mdpi.com)

A structural comparison of the predicted model with other structures of crystallized glucokinases enzymes allowed us to identify both the regions of interaction with their classical substrates (glucose and ATP) and those involved in the binding of other substrates such as fructose and ADP. (scientificarchives.com)
In this work we present the first model obtained by in silico tools of the 3D structure of Pi GlcK-1, and the binding sites to its classical substrates glucose and ATP, to fructose and ADP, and a possible binding site to PPi that is proposed as a promising target for the design of an inhibitor of this enzyme. (scientificarchives.com)

Another example is Glucokinase, which is an enzyme involved in the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
Another example is hexokinase, an enzyme involved in glycolysis that phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
It cannot travel down many metabolic pathways and must be interconverted by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase in order to become glucose 6-phosphate. (ecmdb.ca)

Mechanistically, mannose metabolism in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway increases levels of the metabolite N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcNAc-6P), which binds AMPK to facilitate AMPK phosphorylation by LKB1. (bvsalud.org)

Specificity for a set of ligands is unrelated to the ability of an enzyme to catalyze a given reaction, with the ligand as a substrate. (wikipedia.org)
Conversely, an example of a protein-ligand system that can bind substrates and catalyze multiple reactions effectively is the Cytochrome P450 system, which can be considered a promiscuous enzyme due to its broad specificity for multiple ligands. (wikipedia.org)
This correlation extends far beyond the paratope of the antibodies Enzyme specificity refers to the interactions between any particular enzyme and its corresponding substrate. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to the specificity in binding its substrates, correct proximity and orientation as well as binding the transition state provide an additional layer of enzyme specificity. (wikipedia.org)
Enzymes vary in the specificity of the substrates that they bind to, in order to carry out specific physiological functions. (wikipedia.org)
On the other hand, certain physiological functions require extreme specificity of the enzyme for a single specific substrate in order for a proper reaction and physiological phenotype to occur. (wikipedia.org)
The different types of categorizations differ based on their specificity for substrates. (wikipedia.org)
Absolute specificity can be thought of as being exclusive, in which an enzyme acts upon one specific substrate. (wikipedia.org)
Its absolute specificity refers to glucose being the only hexose that is able to be its substrate, as opposed to hexokinase, which accommodates many hexoses as its substrate. (wikipedia.org)
Group specificity occurs when an enzyme will only react with molecules that have specific functional groups, such as aromatic structures, phosphate groups, and methyls. (wikipedia.org)

6-carbon monosaccharides are called hexose sugars. (studymode.com)

Some enzymes may need to be less specific and therefore may bind to numerous substrates to catalyze a reaction. (wikipedia.org)
Absolute specific enzymes will only catalyze one reaction with its specific substrate. (wikipedia.org)

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide disphosphate (NADPH or NADP+) is a very closely related molecule that differs only be the presence of an extra phosphate group. (histocutup.co.uk)

Dark fermentation is a potential carbon neutral process for production of H 2 from organic substrates by mesophilic or thermophilic anaerobic microorganisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Yeasts lack chlorophyll and are unable to manufacture by photosynthesis from inorganic substrates the organic compounds required for growth, as do higher plants, algae, and even some bacteria. (biologydiscussion.com)
belongs to the class of organic compounds known as monosaccharide phosphates. (ecmdb.ca)

Various factors regulate gene expression and transport function of mucosal transporters such as luminal substrates hormones and ontogeny (7 - 9). (bioerc-iend.org)
A diurnal rhythm in gene expression and transport function of several other mucosal transporters (e.g. hexose transporters) occurs in the proximal intestine of rodents (i.e. duodenum and jejunum) in coordination with their nocturnal feeding pattern (10 - 13). (bioerc-iend.org)
Identifying temporal and segmental variations in expression and transport function of nutrient transporters may allow PF-2341066 us to modulate their regulatory mechanisms during various diseases or after surgical intervention. (bioerc-iend.org)
Furthermore, rapid d -xylose consumption requires d -xylose transport into the cell which in S. cerevisiae is mediated via the large family of hexose transporters (HXT) of which eight are highly expressed depending on the carbon source (and concentration thereof) [ 22 - 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Phox homology domains specifically bind phosphatidylinositol phosphates. (embl.de)
Protein modules such as FVYE domains and PH domains that bind specifically to PtdIns 3-phosphate (PtdIns-3-P) and polyphosphoinositides, respectively, can direct such membrane targeting. (embl.de)
Here we show that two representative Phox homology (PX) domains selectively bind to specific phosphatidylinositol phosphates. (embl.de)

In glycogenesis, free glucose 1-phosphate can also react with UTP to form UDP-glucose, by using the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. (ecmdb.ca)

These data show that in fermentations with high d -xylose concentrations, too high levels of Xks1 cause a major drain on the cellular ATP levels thereby reducing the growth rate, ultimately causing substrate accelerated death. (biomedcentral.com)

Ammonia has been reported as an activator of ME in C. thermocellum, and thus, transhydrogenation of NADH to NADP+ via MDH and ME is only allowed when sufficient NH4 + is present for biosynthesis [79]. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)

Together, these results unveil a mechanism by which glucose availability autonomously controls p53 activity, providing a new paradigm of cell fate control by metabolic substrate availability. (bvsalud.org)
C. celer possesses a flexible fermentative metabolism that allows redistribution of fluxes at key metabolic nodes to simultaneously control redox state and efficiently harvest energy from substrate even under unfavorable conditions (i.e. low pH and high P H2 ). (biomedcentral.com)

The main substrates that the body uses to liberate energy are carbohydrates (particularly glucose) and fatty acids. (histocutup.co.uk)

Replacement of the constitutive promoter of XKS1 by the galactose tunable promoter Pgal10 allowed the controlled expression of this gene over a broad range. (biomedcentral.com)
The promoter includes DNA with promoter activity of high osmolarity response 7 gene (HOR7 gene), glycelaldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase 2 gene (TDH2 gene), heat shock protein 30 gene (HSP30), hexose transport protein 7 gene (HXT7 gene), thioredoxin peroxidase 1 gene (AHP1 gene), or membrane protein 1 associated gene gene) of yeasts. (justia.com)
The yeast promoters published include alcohol dehydrogenase 1 gene (ADH1) promoter (J Ferment Bioeng, 1998, Vol. 8 6(3) pp 284-289), triose phosphate isomerase gene (TPI1) promoter (FEMS Microbial Lett, 1999, Feb. Vol. 171 (2) pp 133-140), and the like. (justia.com)

On the other hand, thermophiles have shown great potential for H 2 generation, mainly because of the more favorable thermodynamics of the reaction at elevated temperatures which allows to generate a limited variety of by-products and to reach the theoretical yield of 4 mol H 2 /mol hexose [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Glucose 1-phosphate is the direct product of the reaction in which glycogen phosphorylase cleaves off a molecule of glucose from a greater glycogen structure. (ecmdb.ca)

Conversely, bioinformatics tools offer an alternative that allows prediction of 3D protein structures by molecular dynamics and homology modeling making it faster, cheaper, and highly reliable. (scientificarchives.com)

This leads to the formation of a multivalent p53-binding complex that allows HIPK2 to specifically phosphorylate p53-Ser46 and thereby promote apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)

The objective was to define the mechanism of the growth inhibition of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) alone and evaluate its activity in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD). (researchgate.net)

One such wide-domain regulatory circuit, essential to all cells, is carbon catabolite repression (CCR): it allows the cell to prefer some carbon sources, whose assimilation is of high nutritional value, over less profitable ones. (biomedcentral.com)
The macro fibril arrangement allows water to move in and out of the cells easily. (studymode.com)
In some experiments, cells that were exposed to 1% halothane for 1 h were allowed to recover after replacement of the medium for 15 and 30 min. (asahq.org)

To this end mechanisms evolved that allow a rapid adaption to changing nutrient conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
The uptake of many nutrients is perturbed by alkalinization of the environment and, consequently, an impact on phosphate, iron/copper and glucose homeostatic mechanisms can also be observed. (microbialcell.com)

Thus, the expression of different genes sharing the same signaling network can be coordinated, allowing functional coupling of their gene products. (microbialcell.com)

In coenzyme A, the business end is the thiol group that becomes bound to the substrate, and in NAD + it is the nicotinamide moiety that undergoes reversible reduction and oxidation. (heresy.is)

One such wide-domain regulatory circuit is carbon catabolite repression (CCR): it allows the preferred assimilation of carbon sources of high nutritional value over others [ 1 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
At high P H2 the cellular redox state was balanced by rerouting the flow of carbon and electrons to ethanol and formate production allowing unaltered glycolytic flux and growth rate, but resulting in a decreased H 2 synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Periplasmic acid glucose-1-phosphatase (G-1-Pase) encoded by gene Agp is necessary for the growth of Escherichia coli in a minimal medium containing glucose-1-phosphate (G-1-P) as the sole source of carbon. (ecmdb.ca)

Overall, at alkaline to neutral pH the rate of biomass synthesis was maximized, whereas at acidic pH the lower growth rate and the less efficient biomass formation are accompanied with more efficient energy recovery from the substrate indicating high cell maintenance possibly to sustain intracellular pH homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we demonstrate that mannose, a hexose, inhibits GSDME-mediated pyroptosis by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (bvsalud.org)

Xks1 which converts d -xylulose into d -xylulose-5-phosphate at the expense of one ATP, is one of the proteins that generally is overexpressed at high levels. (biomedcentral.com)
The inventors have disclosed in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application 2003-164295 that the use of this system overcomes conventional difficulties and allows stable high-level gene expression. (justia.com)
Mesophilic microorganisms are not capable of producing H 2 at high yield being it reported in the range of 1-2 mol H 2 /mol hexose [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

98th percentile) transcripts, including acetone carboxylase and cell-wall-associated hydrolases with unknown substrates (numerous lesser expressed cell-wall-associated hydrolases targeted peptidoglycan). (frontiersin.org)

The three phosphate groups of the ATP molecule are the repository of the energy. (histocutup.co.uk)

For example, culture of recombinant yeasts allows production of large amounts of objective gene products by means of fermentative production. (justia.com)

However, the distribution of the end metabolites can vary depending on the growth conditions allowing the accumulation of significant amounts of ethanol and formate with consequent reduction of H 2 yield. (biomedcentral.com)

An enzyme's world is simple, containing one or a few substrates and maybe a cosubstrate or coenzyme. (heresy.is)

Once it is evenly thickened, remove from heat and allow to cool down some before making your final dough. (thefreshloaf.com)

Serial dilutions of sediment samples were plated on marine starch nitrate plates according to [ 17 ] using 75% sea water and incubated at 28 °C for 7-14 days to allow the slow growing forms to develop. (springeropen.com)
This semipermeable membrane, hereinafter referred to as the shell, is impermeable to components of the core, but allows ingress of water from outside by osmosis. (justia.com)

This specification allows teachers to adopt a flexible approach to the delivery of AS and A Level Biology. (dokumen.tips)

These finding are particularly beneficial in the treatment of recurrent cancer when maintaining a good quality of life during chemotherapy is a priority and allows patients to have a natural, nutritional approach to preventing and managing chemotherapy adverse effects. (researchgate.net)

Anatomy5

Organisms5

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs101

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Phenomena and Processes29

Information Science3

Health Care1

Triose phosphates2

Pentose5

Fructose2

Glucose-6-phospha3

Phosphorylation1

Specificity10

Monosaccharides1

Enzymes2

NADPH1

Organic3

Transporters4

Bind3

Enzyme1

Ultimately1

NADH1

Metabolic2

Carbohydrates1

Promoter3

Reaction2

Structures1

Phosphorylate1

Mechanism1

Cells3

Mechanisms2

Genes1

Group1

Carbon3

Growth rate1

Protein1

High3

Numerous1

Groups1

Gene products1

Amounts1

Simple1

Heat1

Water2

Flexible1

Approach1