Fermentation of cellulosic biomass goes through an atypical glycolytic pathway in this thermophilic bacterium, with various glycolytic enzymes capable of utilizing different phosphate donors, including GTP and inorganic pyrophosphate (PP i ), in addition to or in place of the usual ATP. (biomedcentral.com)
Caloramator celer is a strict anaerobic, alkalitolerant, thermophilic bacterium capable of converting glucose to hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon dioxide, acetate, ethanol and formate by a mixed acid fermentation. (biomedcentral.com)
Phosphate pathway2
We now demonstrate that this enzyme can also phosphorylate sedoheptulose-7-phosphate (an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway), with the V max and K m of F6P being approximately 15 folds higher and 43 folds lower, respectively, in comparison to sedoheptulose-7-phosphate. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings along with previous proteomic data suggest that Pfp, plays a role in both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, while PfkA and PfkB may phosphorylate sugars in glycolysis but is responsible for sugar metabolism elsewhere under conditions outside of growth on sufficient cellobiose. (biomedcentral.com)
Glucose9
The experimental data included four different cases: glucose, xylose, sugar mixture, and wheat straw hydrolysate (WSH) fermentations. (biomedcentral.com)
The substrate uptake rate of C. saccharolyticus on single sugar-defined media was higher on glucose compared to xylose. (biomedcentral.com)
Subsequently, the cultures entered a lag phase when all pentoses were consumed after which glucose uptake rate increased. (biomedcentral.com)
The observation could be described with a modified diauxic model including a second enzyme system with a higher affinity for glucose being expressed when pentose saccharides are consumed. (biomedcentral.com)
The previously observed co-consumption of glucose and pentoses with a preference for the latter was herein confirmed. (biomedcentral.com)
However, once all pentoses were consumed, C. saccharolyticus most probably expressed another uptake system to account for the observed increased glucose uptake rate. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, the observation indicates a regulation system that has fundamental research relevance, since pentose and glucose uptake in C. saccharolyticus has only been described with ABC transporters, whereas previously reported diauxic growth phenomena have been correlated mainly to PTS systems for sugar uptake. (biomedcentral.com)
Combining experimental results from batch fermentations with genome analysis, reconstruction of central carbon metabolism and metabolic flux analysis (MFA), this study shed light on glucose catabolism of the thermophilic alkalitolerant bacterium C. celer . (biomedcentral.com)
Ethanol3
as well as the highest solubilization percentage of minimally pretreated mid-season switchgrass in comparison to other organisms[ 7 ], while fermenting the derived sugars to ethanol and acetate plus hydrogen (H 2 ) [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, conversion of sugarcane biomass into fermentable sugars for second-generation ethanol production is a promising alternative to meet future demands of biofuel production in the country. (scielo.br)
However, a combination of factors involving oil price drops, reduction of subsidies to producers and rise of sugar prices contributed to fuel shortage that led to a major downturn in the demand for ethanol-run cars. (scielo.br)
Fungi1
A polysaccharide (PS) is a carbohydrate that was primarily produced by bacteria, fungi, microalgae, and streptomycetes. (springeropen.com)
Enzyme1
366 This enzyme participates in pentose and glucuronate interconversions and fructose and mannose metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Substrate1
The aim of this study was to quantify uptake of pentose and hexose monosaccharides in an industrial substrate and to present a kinetic growth model of C. saccharolyticus that includes sugar uptake on defined and industrial media. (biomedcentral.com)
Algae1
In addition, global warming has led to an increase in temperature of water, which has affected the normal lifecycles of bacteria and algae, mainly by increasing the duration of bloom seasons. (ncsu.edu)
Xylose6
The activity of D-xylose isomerase was first observed by Mitsuhashi and Lampen in 1953 in the bacterium Lactobacillus pentosus. (wikipedia.org)
Hence D-xylose isomerase is used to produce these rare sugars which have very important applications in biology despite their low abundance. (wikipedia.org)
Xylose isomerase can be isolated from red Chinese rice wine, which contains the bacterium Lactobacillus xylosus. (wikipedia.org)
This bacterium was mistakenly classified as a L. plantarum, which normally grows on the sugar L-arabinose, and rarely grown on D-xylose. (wikipedia.org)
The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of mono sugars revealed that EPS was composed of manouronic acid, glucuronic acid, xylose, and fructose at a molar ratio of 1.0:0.5:1.0:2.0, respectively. (springeropen.com)
Fermentation1
Better control of fermentation conditions can reduce the stress conditions for yeast cells and contamination by bacteria and wild yeasts. (scielo.br)
Production1
For a biotechnological exploitation of this bacterium for H 2 production it is crucial to understand the factors that regulate carbon and electron fluxes and therefore the final distribution of metabolites to channel the metabolic flux towards the desired product. (biomedcentral.com)
Capable1
Mesophilic microorganisms are not capable of producing H 2 at high yield being it reported in the range of 1-2 mol H 2 /mol hexose [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Animal1
2. Dickens, F. and Williamson, D.H. Pentose phosphate isomerase and epimerase from animal tissues. (qmul.ac.uk)
Fructose9
366 This enzyme participates in pentose and glucuronate interconversions and fructose and mannose metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Some species can metabolize five-carbon (pentose) sugars such as fructose , as well as alcohols and organic acids. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of mono sugars revealed that EPS was composed of manouronic acid, glucuronic acid, xylose, and fructose at a molar ratio of 1.0:0.5:1.0:2.0, respectively. (springeropen.com)
1996). Glucose and fructose are the major sugars in berry and grape-must, with concentrations ranging from 150 to 300 g l-1. (moam.info)
Fructose , or fruit sugar, is a simple monosaccharide found in many plants. (en-academic.com)
[ 3 ] Pure, dry fructose is a very sweet, white, odorless, crystalline solid and is the most water-soluble of all the sugars. (en-academic.com)
Commercially, fructose is usually derived from sugar cane, sugar beets and corn and there are 3 commercially important forms. (en-academic.com)
Their ability to ferment sugars has made them an integral component of human civilization: the yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular, has been used in the baking of leavened bread and the production of alcoholic beverages for thousands of years. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Unlike bacteria , there are no known yeast species that grow only in the absence of oxygen (anaerobically). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In wine, some aroma compounds arise from the must with minor or no modifications, while others are products of yeast metabolism, in particular from the sugar and nitrogen compounds initially present in the grapes. (moam.info)
Lignocellulosic5
Pretreatment is the key step to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass making sugars available for subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation. (springeropen.com)
Zymomonas mobilis is a natural ethanologenic bacterium with many desirable industrial characteristics, but it can also be severely affected by lignocellulosic hydrolysate inhibitors. (springeropen.com)
Although methods to remove inhibitors physically, chemically, or biologically may help moderate the problem of toxic compounds in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, it is not economically feasible to remove inhibitors from hydrolysate prior to fermentation due to the cost associated with additional processing steps and the potential loss of fermentable sugars (Jönsson et al. (springeropen.com)
Firstgeneration bioethanol is produced mainly from C6 sugars such as sugar beets, cereals, and sugarcane while second-generation delivered from renewable lignocellulosic biomass and industrial by-products or residues [ 5 , 6 ]. (imedpub.com)
Whole consumption of carbohydrate components in lignocellulosic biomass is dependent on the development of cheaper methods of technologies for cellulase and hemicellulase production [ 16 , 17 ], and also the improvement of enzymatic saccharification of carbohydrate component to monomeric sugars such as hexoses and pentoses [ 18 ]. (imedpub.com)
Polymers2
Hemicellulose macromolecules are often repeat polymers of pentoses, hexoses, and a number of sugar acids. (ncsu.edu)
Through the enzymatic saccharification process carbohydrates (cellulose and hemicellulose) polymers get transformed into free monomeric sugars. (imedpub.com)
Pathway1
The shikimate pathway is present in BACTERIA and PLANTS but not in MAMMALS. (nih.gov)
Ribose1
Unlike purine synthesis, pyrimidines are synthesized as bases and latter it is added to ribose sugar, i. (web.app)
Yeasts2
Yeasts are ubiquitous in the environment, but are most frequently isolated from sugar-rich media, such as fruits and berries (e.g., grapes , apples , or peaches ) and exudates from plants (such as plant saps or cacti). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Our results suggest that a decrease in mRNAs encoding high-affinity/active sugar transport systems may be a widespread and conserved mechanism in yeasts, limiting expression of these proteins whenever their activity is dispensable. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Metabolism2
Wappner purine and pyrimidine metabolism purine and pyrimidine nucleotides are important constituents of rna, dna, nucleotide sugars, and other highenergy compounds and of cofactors such as adenosine triphosphate and nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide. (web.app)
Pdf on apr 4, 2002, barbara a moffatt and others published purine and pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis and metabolism find, read and cite all the research. (web.app)
Biochemical1
the disease-causing bacterium was isolated and its morphological, physiological and biochemical characters were determined. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Cerevisiae1
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a key organism used for the manufacture of renewable fuels and chemicals, but it is not capable of using mixed sugars derived from the plant cell wall [ 1 ]-[ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Species1
The isomerase has now been observed in nearly a hundred species of bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
PLANTS1
Most modern fruits and vegetables have been bred to have much higher sugar content than the wild plants they are descended from. (en-academic.com)
Energy2
This suggests that only hexoses or their conversion products are transported from the vegetative mycelium to the fruiting body, while the other sugars likely provide energy for growth and maintenance of the vegetative mycelium. (biomedcentral.com)
Apr 04, 2002 purine and pyrimidine nucleotides are major energy carriers, subunits of nucleic acids and precursors for the synthesis of nucleotide cofactors such as nad and sam. (web.app)
Applications1
2013). Their physical and chemical characteristics give them great potential for biotechnical applications (Malherbe and Cloete 2002). (ncsu.edu)