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Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding ProteinsGTP-Binding Protein alpha SubunitsGTP-Binding Protein beta SubunitsGTP-Binding ProteinsGTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-GoGTP-Binding Protein gamma SubunitsGTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, G12-G13RGS ProteinsGTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, GsSignal TransductionGuanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)Aluminum CompoundsWasp VenomsReceptors, G-Protein-CoupledPertussis ToxinGTP-Binding Protein RegulatorsGuanosine DiphosphateGuanosine TriphosphateVirulence Factors, BordetellaPhospholipase C betaProtein BindingMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceGuanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsRho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsTransducinFluoridesCell MembraneAdenylate CyclaseProtein SubunitsEnzyme ActivationCell LineCOS CellsType C PhospholipasesHexanolsMutationGTP PhosphohydrolasesRecombinant Fusion ProteinsCyclic AMPRhodopsinGTPase-Activating Proteinsbeta-Adrenergic Receptor KinasesProtein PrenylationTransfectionRecombinant ProteinsProtein Structure, TertiarySequence Homology, Amino AcidFruiting Bodies, FungalPheromonesG Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium ChannelsMacromolecular SubstancesrhoA GTP-Binding ProteinDimerizationArabidopsis ProteinsArrestinsModels, BiologicalCoatomer ProteinReceptors, MuscarinicTwo-Hybrid System TechniquesAdenosine Diphosphate RiboseModels, MolecularCells, CulturedLysophospholipidsReceptors, Adrenergic, beta-2CattleProtein TransportReceptors, Cell SurfaceCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein KinasesArabidopsisProtein ConformationGuanine NucleotidesGolgi ApparatusLuminescent ProteinsBinding Sitesras ProteinsCholera ToxinCoated VesiclesPeptidesFungal ProteinsKineticsBase SequenceCHO CellsCalciumFluorescence Resonance Energy TransferDNA, ComplementaryReceptor, Muscarinic M2Membrane Proteinsrac GTP-Binding ProteinsPhosphorylationCercopithecus aethiopsPrecipitin TestsCloning, MolecularProtein Structure, QuaternaryMicroscopy, FluorescenceCricetinaerho GTP-Binding ProteinsSequence AlignmentDictyostelium
SubunitsSubunitKinaseNucleic acidsFamily of heterotrimericCytoplasmicCell-surface rMoleculesGPCRGPCRsGTPaseBindExtracellularInvasion and metastasisPathwaysSuperfamilyLamininsMonomericEffectorChromatinPhosphorylationFound in eukaryoticAmino-acidsLigandsBuffering by cytosolicGammaEukaryoticMediatesAMPKGuanine NucleotPP2AFunctionalComplexGenomicTransmembraneTranscriptionalActivationGene OntologyRegulatorsMetastasisImmunologicalMRNA and proteinDynaminInhibitoryComplexesDomainsInteractionSignalsGenesHeterodimerEndogenousReplicationSubstancesEvolutionaryReceptor-activatedTissuesPhosphataseHumanKinases
Subunits16
  • These G proteins are made up of alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) subunits. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gα subunits consist of two domains, the GTPase domain, and the alpha-helical domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • It consists of two major protomers, the heavy (H) or A subunit and the B protomer which consists of 5 light (L) or B subunits. (curehunter.com)
  • The A1 catalyzed transfer of ADP-RIBOSE to the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G PROTEINS activates the production of CYCLIC AMP. (curehunter.com)
  • Guanine nucleotide binding proteins are heterotrimeric signal-transducing molecules consisting of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. (anticorps-enligne.fr)
  • Laminins are heterotrimeric molecules that consist of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits that assemble through a coiled-coil domain. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • Heterotrimeric G-proteins, consisting of Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits are the major effector molecules of GPCR signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The rod PDE6 holoenzyme is a tetrameric protein consisting of two large catalytic α and β subunits and two small γ subunits, which serve as potent inhibitors of PDE6. (unh.edu)
  • When exposed to light the visual pigment rhodopsin activates the retinal G protein, transducin, leading to release of the inhibitory action of the γ subunits. (unh.edu)
  • Mammalian Pol δ consists of a catalytic subunit and three regulatory subunits (Fig. 1a ). (nature.com)
  • They consist of the G α and the tightly associated G βγ subunits. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • The AMPK consists of a catalytic α-subunit and the regulatory β- and γ-subunits that form a functionally active αβγ-heterotrimeric complex, and is widely distributed in all subcellular compartments (cytoplasmic, lysosomal, mitochondrial, and nuclear). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The G-protein is heterotrimeric and is made up of three different subunits: alpha ( α ), beta ( β ) and gamma ( γ ). (teachmephysiology.com)
  • This allows for many GPCR combinations created by different receptors being coupled with G proteins comprised of different subunits. (teachmephysiology.com)
  • After a ligand binds to the GPCR, it activates a heterotrimeric G-protein, which is composed of three subunits: a guanine nucleotide binding α-subunit, and a βγ-heterodimer (98). (pancreapedia.org)
  • A mitochondrial protein consisting of four alpha-subunits and four beta-subunits. (bvsalud.org)
Subunit23
  • The alpha subunit is attached to either a GTP or GDP, which serves as an on-off switch for the activation of G-protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • When ligands bind a GPCR, the GPCR acquires GEF (guanine nucleotide exchange factor) ability, which activates the G-protein by exchanging the GDP on the alpha subunit to GTP. (wikipedia.org)
  • The binding of GTP to the alpha subunit results in a structural change and its dissociation from the rest of the G-protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Generally, the alpha subunit binds membrane-bound effector proteins for the downstream signaling cascade, but the beta-gamma complex can carry out this function also. (wikipedia.org)
  • The GTP form of the α subunit of transducin (Gt) activates the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase from retinal rod outer segments, and the GTP form of the α subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gs) activates hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The alpha subunit of a stimulatory G protein activated by receptors for stimulatory hormones could stimulate adenylyl cyclase, which activates cAMP used for downstream signal cascades. (wikipedia.org)
  • While on the other hand, the alpha subunit of an inhibitory G protein activated by receptors of inhibitory hormones could inhibit adenylyl cyclase, which blocks downstream signal cascades. (wikipedia.org)
  • The alpha subunit binds guanine nucleotide, can hydrolyze GTP, and can interact with other proteins. (anticorps-enligne.fr)
  • The protein encoded by this gene represents the alpha subunit of an inhibitory complex. (anticorps-enligne.fr)
  • Gα13 (GNA13) is the α subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein that mediates signaling through specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • One question that has remained unanswered is whether the G-protein α-subunit can support signaling without its cognate βγ partner complex. (eneuro.org)
  • Gα t subsequently dissociates from the βγ-subunit complex (consisting of Gβ 1 and Gγ 1 ) to stimulate the downstream effector type 6 cGMP phosphodiesterase. (eneuro.org)
  • G proteins consist of two functional units, a guanine nucleotide-binding α subunit and a βγ subunit dimer, and are classified according to their α-subunit into four subfamilies: Gs, Gi, Gq, and G12 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A negative regulator of AMPK is the protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C), which dephosphorylates and inactivates the α-subunit of AMPK, causing the dissociation of the αβγ-heterotrimeric complex. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In its inactive state, GDP is bound to the α-subunit of the G-protein. (teachmephysiology.com)
  • Binding at the extracellular ligand binding site causes a conformational change in the GPCR, resulting in the release of GDP from the α-subunit of the G-protein. (teachmephysiology.com)
  • This activates the G-protein, causing the α-subunit and bound GTP to dissociate from the transmembrane portion of the GPCR and βγ-subunit. (teachmephysiology.com)
  • Despite the fact that one G-protein coupled receptor only contains one α-subunit, this can interact with several secondary messengers , which can in turn activate multiple enzymes and catalyse many reactions. (teachmephysiology.com)
  • GDP increases the α-subunit's affinity for the βγ-subunit, allowing the reformation of the heterotrimeric complex of the G-protein. (teachmephysiology.com)
  • There are several different types of G-protein that can be present in a GPCR, which vary based on their α -subunit. (teachmephysiology.com)
  • Depending on which family the G protein is, it goes on to activate (G αs protein subunit) or inhibit (G αi protein subunit) the membrane-bound cyclase. (pancreapedia.org)
  • In humans there exist five isoforms of the B56 type regulatory subunit and they bind to their interacting proteins through a conserved LxxIxE motif. (eu.org)
  • Protein dephosphorylation by the PP2A phosphatase is mainly achieved through the interaction of its regulatory subunit with the associated proteins. (eu.org)
Kinase9
  • Among them, the sirtuin, AMP-activated protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, p53, and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathways are most widely studied. (frontiersin.org)
  • A family of structurally-related cell-surface receptors that signal through an intrinsic PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE. (edu.au)
  • Furthermore, the expression of the G-protein receptor kinase is elevated. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • Pleckstrin, the protein where this domain was first detected, is the major substrate of protein kinase C in platelets. (embl.de)
  • In addition, we found that TBS enhanced the expression of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibited the expression of transcription factors, such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in the liver and epididymal WAT as measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a principal energy sensor, defined as a protein kinase activated by an increase in the AMP/ATP energy ratio [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While p38 kinases had been originally connected with tension- and inflammation-related kinases latest evidence consists of this kinase in multiple physiological assignments in cell AT-406 routine control and in cell proliferation differentiation and apoptosis (Nebreda & Porras 2000 Ambrosino & Nebreda 2001 Pearson 2001). (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • Compact disc2AP can be a 70 KD adaptor/linker protein involved with regulation from the actin cytoskeleton and intracellular trafficking [17 18 Compact disc2AP also links podocin and nephrin towards the phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase [19]. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • A subsequent report further showed that evodiamine and capsaicin recruited AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to phosphorylate eNOS inside a CaMKII-dependent manner (Number 4) [167]. (sdfca.org)
Nucleic acids3
  • Homochirality is a fundamental feature of all known forms of life, maintaining biomolecules (amino-acids, proteins, sugars, nucleic acids) in one specific chiral form. (bvsalud.org)
  • In biological systems, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids are precisely organized to form higher ordered structures across multiple length scales. (umn.edu)
  • These superhelical structures present an extensive solvent-accessible surface that is well suited to binding large substrates such as proteins and nucleic acids. (eu.org)
Family of heterotrimeric2
  • A common feature of all three GPCRs is that they can couple to the G12 family of heterotrimeric G proteins [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent studies on the involvement of the G12 family of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gα12 and Gα13, the products of the GNA12 and GNA13 genes, respectively) in oncogenic pathways have uncovered a link between G12 signaling and cancer progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Cytoplasmic3
  • extrinsic plasma membrane proteins (cytoplasmic face) that function as a complex to transduce signals from G-protein coupled receptors to an effector protein. (umassmed.edu)
  • Cytoplasmic proteins that specifically bind glucocorticoids and mediate their cellular effects. (edu.au)
  • The C-terminal tail of ribosomal protein Rps15 is engaged in cytoplasmic pre-40S maturation. (db-engine.de)
Cell-surface r2
  • The biggest non-structural difference between heterotrimeric and monomeric G protein is that heterotrimeric proteins bind to their cell-surface receptors, called G protein-coupled receptors, directly. (wikipedia.org)
  • the prenyl group serves to anchor these proteins in the membrane so that they are positioned to interact with cell surface receptors either directly or via adaptor proteins. (umn.edu)
Molecules4
  • Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleotides, metal ions or other small molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many biologically active molecules signal via membrane-bound receptors coupled to heterotrimeric G proteins, and are therefore referred as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). (europa.eu)
  • The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the laminin family of secreted molecules. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) mediate extracellular signals from transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate intracellular effector molecules, triggering signaling pathways that lead to a variety of cellular responses [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
GPCR5
  • The b-arrestins bind to phosphorylated GPCR and physic ally uncouple them from their G proteins, resulting in termination of signalling. (europa.eu)
  • The Beta1 Receptor is a generally excitatory GPCR connected to the Gs G-protein. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • Furthermore, one GPCR can be associated with many G proteins, hence one signal can have many downstream cellular reactions. (teachmephysiology.com)
  • The G-protein then reassociates with the transmembrane receptor, reforming the GPCR for the next ligand binding. (teachmephysiology.com)
  • One mechanism is the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). (pancreapedia.org)
GPCRs9
  • Recent cancer genome deep sequencing efforts have revealed an unanticipated high frequency of mutations in G proteins and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in most tumour types. (nature.com)
  • Aberrant expression, overexpression or signal reprogramming of GPCRs and G proteins in tumour cells can contribute to cancer development and progression. (nature.com)
  • G proteins, GPCRs and their linked signalling circuitry represent novel therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment. (nature.com)
  • Aberrant expression and activity of G proteins and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are frequently associated with tumorigenesis. (nature.com)
  • These studies indicate that G proteins, GPCRs and their linked signalling circuitry represent novel therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment. (nature.com)
  • LPA acts as an autocrine/paracrine messenger through at least six G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), known as LPA 1-6 , to induce various cellular processes including wound healing, differentiation, proliferation, migration, and survival. (hindawi.com)
  • Efforts to understand the genes and signaling pathways that promote tumor invasion and metastasis have revealed that several G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their respective ligands function as metastatic drivers in breast as well other cancer types [ 2 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a diverse family of receptors found in a huge range of tissues throughout the body. (teachmephysiology.com)
  • GPCRs have no integral enzyme activity or ion channel, therefore all their downstream effects are mediated via their G-protein. (teachmephysiology.com)
GTPase1
  • Regulators of small G-proteins like guanine nucleotide releasing factor GNRP (Ras-GRF) (which contains 2 PH domains), guanine nucleotide exchange proteins like vav, dbl, SoS and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC24, GTPase activating proteins like rasGAP and BEM2/IPL2, and the human break point cluster protein bcr. (embl.de)
Bind6
  • Expression analysis of miRNAs predicted to bind the 3′-UTR of GNA13 revealed that miR-31 exhibited an inverse correlation to GNA13 protein expression in breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell surface proteins that bind gastrointestinal hormones with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. (edu.au)
  • The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. (embl.de)
  • Ligands bind to the extracellular portion of the G-protein coupled receptor, binding either at the N-terminus or a binding site within the transmembrane region. (teachmephysiology.com)
  • This cyclic conformation allows cyclic nucleotides to bind to proteins to which other nucleotides cannot. (pancreapedia.org)
  • Proteins bearing ncNLSs directly bind to one of the approximately 20 members of the importin family present in higher eukaryotes (72). (irjs.info)
Extracellular2
  • The receptor protein has seven transmembrane α-helices connected by alternating cytosolic and extracellular loops. (pancreapedia.org)
  • The ligand-binding site is in the extracellular domain and the cytosolic domain has a heterotrimeric G protein-binding site (127). (pancreapedia.org)
Invasion and metastasis1
  • Both the transforming ability and the impact on cell invasion and metastasis of G12 proteins appear to be dependent, at least in part, on their ability to engage Rho GTPases. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathways3
  • G-proteins are involved in pathways such as the cAMP/PKA pathway, ion channels, MAPK, PI3K. (wikipedia.org)
  • LPA activates at least six G-coupled protein receptors (LPA 1-6 ) stimulating different signaling pathways through heterotrimeric G proteins such as G i/0 , G 12/13 , G q/11 , and G s . (hindawi.com)
  • Through these interactions, PH domains play a role in recruiting proteins to different membranes, thus targeting them to appropriate cellular compartments or enabling them to interact with other components of the signal transduction pathways. (embl.de)
Superfamily2
  • they belong to a superfamily of GTPases that includes monomeric proteins such as EF-Tu and RAS. (umassmed.edu)
  • Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) belongs to the superfamily of phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs) and catalyzes protein dephosphorylation by hydrolyzing Ser/Thr-linked phosphate ester bonds ( Heroes,2013 ). (eu.org)
Laminins1
  • Laminin type IV collagen nidogen and sulfated proteoglycans comprise the GBM [37] and laminins are heterotrimeric glycoproteins including one α one β and one γ string. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
Monomeric1
  • Heterotrimeric G protein, also sometimes referred to as the "large" G proteins (as opposed to the subclass of smaller, monomeric small GTPases) are membrane-associated G proteins that form a heterotrimeric complex. (wikipedia.org)
Effector1
  • Mouse protein citron, a putative rho/rac effector that binds to the GTP-bound forms of rho and rac. (embl.de)
Chromatin2
  • This protective effect of preaccumulated p53 was mediated, at least in part, by the increased expression of CDKN1A/p21, subsequent down-regulation of BRCA1, and impaired JNK activation accompanied by decreased association of replication protein A with chromatin. (rupress.org)
  • Mammalian H3.1 and H3.2 are deposited by the heterotrimeric chromatin assembly complex 1 (CAF1), whereas H3.3 is deposited at transcriptionally active regions by the Histone Regulator A (HIRA) complex [ 15 , 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Phosphorylation2
  • Reversible protein phosphorylation is an essential regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes. (eu.org)
  • Indeed, TRPV1 served like a scaffold for the recruitment and formation of a supermolecular complex consisting also of Akt, CaMKII and eNOS, which favored eNOS phosphorylation and NO launch (Number 4). (sdfca.org)
Found in eukaryotic2
  • Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. (embl.de)
  • MIF4G domain-like, found in eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4G, translation initiation factor eIF-2b epsilon and nuclear cap-binding protein CBP80. (eu.org)
Amino-acids5
  • While this condition is central to biology, the mechanisms by which the adverse accumulation of non-L-α-amino-acids in proteins lead to pathophysiological consequences remain poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)
  • To address how heterochirality build-up impacts organism's health, we use chiral-selective in vivo assays to detect protein-bound non-L-α-amino acids (focusing on aspartate) and assess their functional significance in Drosophila. (bvsalud.org)
  • cNLSs consist of short stretches of positively charged amino acids. (irjs.info)
  • They can be monopartite, as in the simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen that consists of a heptapeptide containing five basic amino acids (35), or bipartite, as in nucleoplasmin. (irjs.info)
  • The NLS in nucleoplasmin consists of two short basic clusters separated by a spacer of 10 amino acids (19, 62). (irjs.info)
Ligands1
  • These are strongly turned on by growth elements serum phorbol esters also to a lesser level by ligands of heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors cytokines osmotic tension and microtubule disorganization (Lewis 1998). (healthandwellnesssource.org)
Buffering by cytosolic1
Gamma3
  • For example, in adipose tissues, two different G-proteins with interchangeable beta-gamma complexes are used to activate or inhibit adenylyl cyclase. (wikipedia.org)
  • C3H10T1/2 MSCs cultured within extremely adipogenic medium communicate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and also adiponectin mRNA along with health proteins, and accumulate intra cellular lipid. (microrna21.com)
  • Laminin-332 (laminin-5) is a basement membrane heterotrimeric protein composed of alpha-3, beta-3 and gamma-2 laminin chains. (morulaivf.com)
Eukaryotic4
  • This means that essentially all signaling processes in eukaryotic cells require the participation of prenylated proteins for everything ranging from the regulation of cell division to stem cell differentiation and development. (umn.edu)
  • Structural inventory of cotranslational protein folding by the eukaryotic RAC complex, Structural inventory of cotranslational protein folding by the eukaryotic RAC complex, Nat. (db-engine.de)
  • The transcriptional activator NF-Y is a heterotrimeric complex made up of NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC, which specifically binds the CCAAT consensus within about 30% of eukaryotic promoters. (irjs.info)
  • The motif is conserved in essential proteins throughout the eukaryotic domain of life and also in human viruses, suggesting that the motifs are required for basic cellular function. (eu.org)
Mediates2
AMPK1
  • At the lysosomal surface, free aldolase promotes the formation of a multiprotein complex, including the vacuolar H + -ATPase and the scaffold protein AXIN, and this complex ensures the effective binding between AMPK and LKB1, thereby activating AMPK [ 25 ] [ 26 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Guanine Nucleot1
  • Here, we report that the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor-activated WD-repeat Gβ interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), comigrates with it into the nucleus and suppresses GR-induced transactivation of the glucocorticoid-responsive genes. (rupress.org)
PP2A1
  • PP2A-mediated protein dephosphorylation is involved in a broad range of cellular processes including cell-cycle progression, cytoskeletal dynamics, and growth factor signalling. (eu.org)
Functional1
  • Because proteins are often functional only as members of stable protein complexes, the PRO Consortium, in collaboration with existing protein and pathway databases, has launched a new initiative to implement logical and consistent representation of protein complexes. (biomedcentral.com)
Complex4
  • We describe here how the PRO Consortium is meeting the challenge of representing species-specific protein complexes, how protein complex representation in PRO supports annotation of protein complexes and comparative biology, and how PRO is being integrated into existing community bioinformatics resources. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Logical and semantic access to related protein forms is critical for advancing bioinformatics approaches to representing, modeling, and reasoning about complex biological systems at the genomic and cellular level [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The explicit representation of protein complexes in PRO--defining each member of the complex at the level of its isoform, variant, or modified form--provides the ability to represent complex biological knowledge as it is emerging in the experimental research community in structures that are both human readable and accessible to algorithmic approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The encoded protein is part of a complex that responds to beta-adrenergic signals by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. (anticorps-enligne.fr)
Genomic1
  • Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
Transmembrane2
  • G-protein coupled receptors are composed of a transmembrane region crossing the lipid bilayer seven times (hence they are also referred to as 7-transmembrane receptors). (teachmephysiology.com)
  • This transmembrane region is coupled with a G-protein . (teachmephysiology.com)
Transcriptional2
  • By analyzing deletion forms of the Drosophila Hox protein Ultrabithorax (Ubx), we identified the presence of an unconventional nuclear export signal (NES) that overlaps with a highly conserved motif originally described as mediating the interaction with the PBC proteins, a generic and crucial class of Hox transcriptional cofactors that act in development and cancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • Together, our results reveal the extreme molecular versatility of a unique short peptide motif for controlling the context-dependent activity of Hox proteins both at transcriptional and non-transcriptional levels. (bvsalud.org)
Activation1
  • The finding that activation of G12 proteins promotes cancer cell migration and invasion has highlighted the need to understand the biologic processes underlying this phenomenon. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene Ontology2
  • ProComp leverages, and cross references, entries in existing protein-centric informatics resources, including the protein complexes that are represented in the Cellular Component branch of the Gene Ontology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • GO Annotations consist of four mandatory components: a gene product, a term from one of the three Gene Ontology (GO) controlled vocabularies ( Molecular Function , Biological Process , and Cellular Component ), a reference, and an evidence code. (yeastgenome.org)
Regulators2
  • Regulators of G protein signalling (RGS) promote desensitisation by accelerating GTP hydrolysis by G proteins, inactivating the signal. (europa.eu)
  • Hox proteins are major regulators of embryonic development, acting in the nucleus to regulate the expression of their numerous downstream target genes. (bvsalud.org)
Metastasis1
  • These alterations may arise from cancer-specific changes in gene copy number, as well as from other genetic, epigenetic and post-translational changes resulting in higher protein expression, thereby enhancing tumour progression and metastasis. (nature.com)
Immunological1
  • Immunological investigations consisted of direct immunofluorescence (IF), indirect IF with intact and salt-split canine gingival, and salt-split normal or laminin-332-deficient human skin, immunoblotting with purified human laminin-332 and immunoblotting with recombinant NC1 domain of human collagen VII. (morulaivf.com)
MRNA and protein2
  • Ectopic expression of miR-31 in MDA-MB-231 cells significantly reduced GNA13 mRNA and protein levels, as well as GNA13-3′-UTR-reporter activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It was shown that in these patients the expression of the beta1-adrenergic receptor is reduced on the mRNA and protein level. (meltingpointathens.com)
Dynamin1
  • Cytoskeletal proteins such as dynamin (see IPR001401 ), Caenorhabditis elegans kinesin-like protein unc-104 (see IPR001752 ), spectrin beta-chain, syntrophin (2 PH domains) and S. cerevisiae nuclear migration protein NUM1. (embl.de)
Inhibitory2
  • These receptors classify as G-protein coupled receptors with either inhibitory or excitatory effects and different binding affinities to norepinephrine. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • In these patients the expression of the inhibitory G-protein G (i) is increased. (meltingpointathens.com)
Complexes9
  • Gβγ complexes bound to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, on the other hand, directly open G protein-coupled inward rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Representing species-specific proteins and protein complexes in ontologies that are both human- and machine-readable facilitates the retrieval, analysis, and interpretation of genome-scale data sets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PRO is a unique database resource for species-specific protein complexes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PRO facilitates robust annotation of variations in composition and function contexts for protein complexes within and between species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ProComp, the focus of this manuscript, represents multi-protein complexes, with an initial (but not exclusive) emphasis on protein components of complexes in mouse and human. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Protein complexes are distinguished from protein-protein interactions in that they are continuant entities, i.e. they endure or continue to exist through time. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the GO, types of protein complexes are defined in terms of constituent macromolecule classes and the function(s) that the complexes carry out. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A major contribution of PRO as a protein biology community informatics resource is that it provides a formal ontological structure with foundation in Basic Formal Ontology http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/ to describe types of protein complexes and gives these types unique, permanent identifiers http://www.obofoundry.org/id-policy.shtml . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transformation of Chaetomium thermophilum and affinity-purification of native thermostable protein complexes. (db-engine.de)
Domains6
  • Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains are small modular domains that occur in a large variety of proteins. (embl.de)
  • Pleckstrin is one of the rare proteins to contains two PH domains. (embl.de)
  • There are 196127 PH domains in 171590 proteins in SMART's nrdb database. (embl.de)
  • The identification of pathogenic mutations within prion-like domains (PrLDs) of the RNA-binding proteins hnRNPA2B1 and hnRNPA1 add to our understanding of how mutations in these proteins lead to degenerative disease, and highlight the potential importance of PrLDs in degenerative diseases of the nervous system, muscle and bone. (natureasia.com)
  • Domains and repeats with an ARM-like fold have been found in a number of proteins, including: ARM repeat domain, found in beta-catenins, importins, karyopherin and exportins. (eu.org)
  • Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein. (yeastgenome.org)
Interaction4
  • We show that this unconventional NES is involved in the interaction with the major exportin protein CRM1 (also known as Embargoed in flies) in vivo and in vitro We find that this interaction is tightly regulated in the Drosophila fat body to control the autophagy-repressive activity of Ubx during larval development. (bvsalud.org)
  • The role of the PBC interaction motif as part of an unconventional NES was also uncovered in other Drosophila and human Hox proteins, highlighting the evolutionary conservation of this novel function. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is the only known PDE isoform the activity of which is regulated by interaction with a heterotrimeric G protein. (unh.edu)
  • Additionally, the interaction of PCNA with Pol δ is critical for coordinating its transient replacement by other PCNA partner proteins. (nature.com)
Signals1
  • IL-2 signals through its heterotrimeric receptor (IL-2R) consisting of the CD25, CD122 and CD132 chains. (gwu.edu)
Genes1
  • Among these, the G12 family, consisting of Gα12 and Gα13, (the products of the GNA12 and GNA13 genes, respectively) is one of the most important in the context of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Heterodimer1
  • Proteins bearing a classical nuclear localization signal (cNLS) are imported into the nucleus by the importin / heterodimer (26, 49, 55). (irjs.info)
Endogenous2
  • Both endogenous and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fused Gβ2 and Gγ2 proteins were detected in the nucleus at baseline, whereas a fraction of EGFP-Gβ2 and DsRed2-GR comigrated to the nucleus or the plasma membrane, depending on the exposure of cells to dexamethasone or somatostatin, respectively. (rupress.org)
  • Endogenous substances, usually proteins, that are involved in the blood coagulation process. (lookformedical.com)
Replication1
Substances3
  • The unaggressive setting applies for EGF little substances but becomes inadequate for proteins having a molecular mass higher than 40 kDa. (irjs.info)
  • a) SD-associated substances Baricitinib (LY3009104) consist of nephrin podocin [15] Compact disc2AP and transient receptor potential cation route 6 (was the 1st podocyte gene determined in congenital NS (CNS) from the Finnish type [16]. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • b) Podocyte cytoskeleton related substances consist of α-actinin-4 [21] inverted formin 2 (may be the most common reason behind autosomal dominating (Advertisement) FSGS. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
Evolutionary1
Receptor-activated2
Tissues1
  • Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. (lookformedical.com)
Phosphatase1
  • HEAT repeat domain, found in protein phosphatase 2a and initiation factor eIF4G. (eu.org)
Human2
  • Immunoblot assays using human epidermal extracts and BP180 NC16a domain recombinant protein confirmed the presence of IgG antibodies against BP180 and recombinant BP180 NC16a domain protein. (morulaivf.com)
  • The list of adapter-independent cargoes is constantly increasing and includes, for instance, the transcription factors CREB, Jun, Fos (23), Smad-3 (81), the retroviral proteins Rev and Tat in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (74), the. (irjs.info)
Kinases3