ProliferationQuiescent muscleDifferentiationEmbryonic stemMyofiberSkeletal muscle regenerationProliferativeRegenerationRegenerativeAdultCellular senescenceStemnessTissuesStem-like cellsNotchRepeatsSpatialFactorsHomeostasisStateCapacityMiceImportanceTypesCancer cellsImportantCycleMakeDivisionIncreaseAddition
Proliferation2
- Thymidine analog-retention assays revealed that Sox2 deficiency contributed to reduced survival of SCN neurons during the postnatal period of cell clearance, but did not affect progenitor cell proliferation or SCN specification. (bvsalud.org)
- Collectively, our experiments suggest that the IRE1α-mediated signaling promotes muscle regeneration through augmenting the proliferation of satellite cells in a cell non-autonomous manner. (elifesciences.org)
Quiescent muscle2
- Postnatal growth and repair of skeletal muscle relies upon a population of quiescent muscle precursor cells, called satellite cells that can be activated to proliferate and differentiate into new myofibers, as well as self-renew to replenish the satellite cell population. (biomedcentral.com)
- The quiescent muscle stem cell (QSC) pool is heterogeneous and generally characterized by the presence and levels of intrinsic myogenic transcription factors. (sciety.org)
Differentiation11
- The balance between differentiation and self-renewal is critical to maintain muscle tissue homeostasis, and alterations in this equilibrium can lead to chronic muscle degeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
- The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) is expressed in Pax7 + satellite cells of healthy muscle and is downregulated during myoblast differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
- We find that loss of C/EBPβ leads to precocious differentiation at the expense of self-renewal in primary myoblast and myofiber cultures. (biomedcentral.com)
- When overexpressed in the murine myoblast cell line C2C12 or in primary myoblasts, C/EBPβ reduced MyoD and other myogenic protein levels during differentiation, in addition to reducing myoblast fusion. (biomedcentral.com)
- Loss of C/EBPβ in SCs results in precocious differentiation at the expense of self-renewal in both primary myoblasts and myofiber cultures. (biomedcentral.com)
- Deletion of HP1β, but not HP1α, in ESCs provokes a loss of the morphological and proliferative characteristics of embryonic pluripotent cells, reduces expression of pluripotency factors and causes aberrant differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, in differentiated cells, loss of HP1β has the opposite effect, perturbing maintenance of the differentiation state and facilitating reprogramming to an induced pluripotent state. (biomedcentral.com)
- We demonstrate an unexpected duality in the role of HP1β: it is essential in ESCs for maintaining pluripotency, while it is required for proper differentiation in differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- This unique duality makes them an attractive system for potential regenerative medicine and cell therapies, but also for differentiation studies in vitro and for modeling diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
- The embryonic AMPs are at the origin of all adult fly muscles and, as we demonstrate here, they express repressors of myogenic differentiation and targets of the Notch pathway known to be involved in muscle cell stemness. (biologists.com)
- The neurons that comprise the SCN are anatomically and functionally heterogeneous, but despite their physiological importance, little is known about the pathways that guide their specification and differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
Embryonic stem2
- Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the unique ability to differentiate into every cell type and to self-renew. (biomedcentral.com)
- Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), derived from the blastocyst-stage embryo, are capable of generating all cell types of the mammalian body (pluripotency) and of maintaining the capacity for indefinite self-renewal without compromising their genomic integrity. (biomedcentral.com)
Myofiber4
- The identification of heterogenous distribution of factors across the myofiber is an important contribution for dissecting how muscle stem cell diversity in a tissue is achieved. (sciety.org)
- Myofiber-specific ablation of IRE1α or XBP1 in mice diminishes skeletal muscle regeneration that is accompanied with reduced number of satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
- Ex vivo cultures of myofiber explants demonstrate that ablation of IRE1α reduces the proliferative capacity of myofiber-associated satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
- These cells are located beneath the basal lamina of myofiber in a dormant state. (elifesciences.org)
Skeletal muscle regeneration1
- Finally, targeted ablation of IRE1α also reduces Notch signaling, abundance of satellite cells, and skeletal muscle regeneration in the mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (elifesciences.org)
Proliferative4
- however, the level of telomerase activity is low or absent in the majority of stem cells regardless of their proliferative capacity. (nature.com)
- Telomeric DNA consists of short guanine-rich repeat sequences in all eukaryotes with linear chromosomes, and its length in human somatic cells is remarkably heterogeneous among individuals ranging from 5 to 20 kb, according to age, organ, and the proliferative history of each cell ( Wright and Shay, 2005 ). (nature.com)
- Telomerase can add telomeric repeats onto the chromosome ends, and prevents the replication-dependent loss of telomere and cellular senescence in highly proliferative cells of the germline and in the majority of cancers ( Blasco, 2005 ). (nature.com)
- As stem cells have elongated proliferative capacity, they should have a mechanism that maintains telomere length through many cell divisions. (nature.com)
Regeneration5
- Using genetic tools to conditionally abrogate C/EBPβ expression in Pax7 + cells, we examined the role of C/EBPβ in self-renewal of satellite cells during muscle regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
- After a single muscle injury, C/EBPβ-deficient satellite cells fail to self-renew resulting in a reduction of satellite cells available for future rounds of regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
- These findings demonstrate that C/EBPβ is a novel regulator of satellite cell self-renewal during muscle regeneration acting at least in part through Notch2. (biomedcentral.com)
- Although much should be achieved for completely understanding the biological basis of aging, cellular senescence is now believed to mainly contribute to organismal aging via two independent, yet not mutually exclusive mechanisms: on the one hand, senescence of stem cells leads to exhaustion of stem cells and thus decreases tissue regeneration. (molcells.org)
- The findings shed new light on mechanisms of regeneration of healthy myofibers after severe tissue injury and suggest interplay between these fibers and muscle satellite cells though mechanisms remain to be elucidated. (elifesciences.org)
Regenerative1
- Skeletal muscle, the most abundant tissue of the body, has remarkable regenerative capacity mainly due to its resident muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
Adult2
- In fact, low levels of telomerase activity have been found in human adult stem cells including haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic stem cells such as neuronal, skin, intestinal crypt, mammary epithelial, pancreas, adrenal cortex, kidney, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ( Table 1 ). (nature.com)
- In Drosophila , a population of muscle-committed stem-like cells called adult muscle precursors (AMPs) keeps an undifferentiated and quiescent state during embryonic life. (biologists.com)
Cellular senescence2
- In somatic cells, the activity of telomerase, a reverse transcriptase that can elongate telomeric repeats, is usually diminished after birth so that the telomere length is gradually shortened with cell divisions, and triggers cellular senescence. (nature.com)
- Much effort has been recently made to therapeutically target detrimental effects of cellular senescence including selectively eliminating senescent cells (senolytics) and modulating a proinflammatory senescent secretome (senostatics). (molcells.org)
Stemness2
- PURPOSE: To explore the mechanisms underlying stemness maintenance of retinoblastoma (RB) stem cells (RSCs). (bvsalud.org)
- The stemness of the cells were characterized by the sphere-forming capacity and the expression levels of RSCs markers. (bvsalud.org)
Tissues1
- Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Stem-like cells1
- METHODS: The retinoblastoma stem-like cells (RSLCs) were isolated by single cell cloning in combination of examination of sphere-forming capacities. (bvsalud.org)
Notch1
- Our data shows that a post-translational mechanism controls spatial heterogeneity of Notch ligands in a multinucleated niche cell to maintain a continuum of diverse states within the SC pool during tissue homeostasis. (sciety.org)
Repeats2
- A critical length of telomere repeats is required to ensure proper telomere function and avoid the activation of DNA damage pathways that result in replicative senescence or cell death. (nature.com)
- The minor fraction of HP1β that is chromatin-bound in ESCs is enriched within exons, unlike the situation in differentiated cells, where it binds heterochromatic satellite repeats and chromocenters. (biomedcentral.com)
Spatial1
- Finally, we note that the undifferentiated ESC nucleus itself shows less spatial organization than in differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Factors4
- On the other hand, senescent cells secrete many proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteases, collectively termed as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which causes chronic inflammation and tissue dysfunction. (molcells.org)
- Transcription factors associated with the development of bipolar cells and amacrine cells also support those changes. (bvsalud.org)
- Our work indicated that inhibition of Sox2 could change cell fate by affecting transcription factors in the development of bipolar cells and amacrine cells, may provide new directions for the study and treatment of retinal genetic diseases and retinal dysplasia. (bvsalud.org)
- Here, we report that the stem/progenitor cell transcription factor, Sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), is required in the embryonic SCN to control the expression of SCN-enriched neuropeptides and transcription factors. (bvsalud.org)
Homeostasis1
- Despite their likely importance in auditory nerve function and homeostasis, the physiological properties of auditory glial cells have evaded description. (bvsalud.org)
State1
- Furthermore, we found a distinctive type of retinal cells expressing the characteristic proteins of both bipolar cells and amacrine cells at P6, which may be an intermediate state in which amacrine cells were transforming into bipolar cells. (bvsalud.org)
Capacity1
- Here we review the role of telomeres and telomerase in the function and capacity of the human stem cells. (nature.com)
Mice1
- Basically, given the difference of telomere and telomerase activity in human and mouse cells, the telomere and telomerase status in stem cell populations is different between humans and mice ( Harrington, 2004 ). (nature.com)
Importance1
- Recently, the importance of telomere maintenance in human stem cells has been highlighted by studies on dyskeratosis congenital, which is a genetic disorder in the human telomerase component. (nature.com)
Types1
- Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Cancer cells1
- In cultured primary fibroblasts and cancer cells, the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin causes mtDNA damage and release, which leads to cGAS STING dependent ISG activation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Important1
- The premise behind this manuscript is important and timely for muscle biologists and for stem cell biologists. (sciety.org)
Cycle1
- The regulation of telomere length and telomerase activity is a complex and dynamic process that is tightly linked to cell cycle regulation in human stem cells. (nature.com)
Make1
- The Honeycomb Game is a word-building game: make words by clicking on cells in the honeycomb below. (claylane.uk)
Division1
- In most human somatic cells except for stem cells and lymphocytes, telomerase activity is diminished after birth so that telomere length shortens with each cell division. (nature.com)
Increase1
- After the suppression of Sox2 at P0, there was an increase number in bipolar cells but a decrease in amacrine cells. (bvsalud.org)
Addition1
- In addition, mtDNA stress in TFAM-deficient mouse melanoma cells produces tumours that are more resistant to doxorubicin in vivo. (regenerativemedicine.net)