Hepatitis c virus e2 antibodies. Medical search. Frequent questions

The data indicate that a specific antibody response against these epitopes is elicited only late during the infection, thus not influencing virus clearance during primary infection, and that a selective increase of the antibody subpopulation enhancing virus infectivity is observed only in the cohort of patients not responding to antiviral therapy. (uninsubria.it)
Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies that recognize conserved cross-neutralizing epitopes is important for an effective HCV vaccine. (bvsalud.org)
However, due to nanoparticle instability in vivo, the display of non-native Env structures, and the inaccessibility of many neutralizing antibody (NAb) epitopes, the effects of nanoparticle display are generally modest for Env trimers. (bvsalud.org)
Typically, individuals who are infected with alphaviruses produce antibodies against many viral epitopes, some of which are not protective-setting up a weak immune response scenario that allows the virus time to replicate and exert its pathogenic effects. (genengnews.com)
A very exciting project on broadly neutralizing antibodies with influenza virus has revealed novel epitopes that are of great value for structure-assisted vaccine development. (scripps.edu)
In the first part of my talk, I will discuss our results in the structural characterization of the HCV E2 envelope protein and identification of epitopes capable of eliciting protective antibodies against this highly diverse virus. (umd.edu)
Eliminating antibody (NAb) answers towards the epitopes inside HCV E1 as well as E2 proteins matched to the particular quality regarding liver disease C disease. (bms-754807inhibitor.com)
Monoclonal antibodies directed against epitopes of E1 and E2 have neutralizing activity. (medscape.com)
Antibodies recognize specific configurations (epitopes, or antigenic determinants) on the surfaces of antigens (eg, proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids). (msdmanuals.com)
The same antibody molecule can cross-react with related antigens if their epitopes are similar enough to those of the original antigen. (msdmanuals.com)

Over 250 crystal structures of monoclonal Fab fragments and complexes with a variety of antigens, such as peptides, steroids, cocaine, and proteins, including HIV-1, gp120 and gp41, have led to significant insights into antibody-antigen recognition, virus neutralization, and vaccine design for HIV-1. (scripps.edu)
Results: In this proof-of-concept study, retrovirus-transduced human T cells expressing anti-HCV/E2 CARs were endowed with specific antigen recognition accompanied by degranulation and secretion of proinflammatory and antiviral cytokines, such as interferon gamma, interleukin 2 and tumour necrosis factor a. (uninsubria.it)
The most important protective antigen on the surface of influenza virus is HA, whose structure can be divided in two distinct regions: the globular head, responsible for the binding to the sialic acid, and the stem region that contains the fusion peptide and the membrane anchor domain. (distantreader.org)
Serum samples from rabbits and pigs were tested by using an anti-HEV total antibodies ELISA kit (Wantai) and HEV E2 antigen (aa 394-606 of open reading frame 2) ( 7 ). (blogspot.com)
EV71 and/or CA16 antigen immunization via the intradermal route was more capable of significantly increasing neutralizing antibody titers and activating specific T cell responses than immunization via the intramuscular route. (omicsdi.org)
See our complete line of Immunohistochemistry Reagents including antigen retrieval solutions, blocking agents ABC Detection Kits and polymers, biotinylated secondary antibodies, substrates and more. (lsbio.com)
This extensive immune cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and different antigen groups may play a role in the multi-system disease process of COVID-19, influence the severity of the disease, precipitate the onset of autoimmunity in susceptible subgroups, and potentially exacerbate autoimmunity in subjects that have pre-existing autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)

In sequential samples from five patients with primary HCV infection and different virological outcome, all samples tested negative with the single exception of the e509 antibody in a patient not clearing the virus. (uninsubria.it)
UNLABELLED: Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) targeting glycoprotein E2 are important for the control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (ox.ac.uk)
Primary viremia refers to the initial spread of virus in the blood from the first site of infection. (wikipedia.org)
medical citation needed] Secondary viremia occurs when primary viremia has resulted in infection of additional tissues via bloodstream, in which the virus has replicated and once more entered the circulation. (wikipedia.org)
Usually the virus will replicate briefly within the first site of infection, within the muscle tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Viral replication then leads to viremia and the virus spreads to its secondary site of infection, the central nervous system (CNS). (wikipedia.org)
The detection of HCV-E1/E2 antigens in 138 patients positive for HCV infection tested by RT-PCR and 25 healthy individuals negative for HCV as control group was done by an optimized in-house ELISA and DotELISA (based on the molecular mimicry of E2 to immunoglobulins). (clin-lab-publications.com)
The ELISA and Dot-ELISA based on the monoclonal antibody (7G9) are reliable, rapid, easy and economic diagnostic assays for HCV infection. (clin-lab-publications.com)
To study the adsorption, penetration and replication of the virus, a major obstacle has been the lack of an efficient and reproducible in vitro infection system. (biomedcentral.com)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects approximately 58 million people and causes ~300,000 deaths yearly. (bvsalud.org)
Delineating the origins and properties of antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination is critical for understanding their benefits and potential shortcomings. (bvsalud.org)
Recommendations have also been developed for the prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (cdc.gov)
Because of the high rate of asymptomatic infection with these viruses, information about the prevalence of these diseases is needed to monitor prevention efforts. (cdc.gov)
NHANES testing for markers of infection with hepatitis viruses will be used to determine secular trends in infection rates across most age and racial/ethnic groups, and will provide a national picture of the epidemiologic determinants of these infections. (cdc.gov)
Researchers have identified 'broadly neutralizing' antibodies that protect against infection by multiple, distantly related alphaviruses-including Chikungunya virus (above)-that cause fever and debilitating joint pain. (genengnews.com)
A new study by researchers at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis (WUSTL) has identified broadly neutralizing antibodies that protect against infection in mice from multiple, distantly related alphaviruses-including Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-that cause fever and debilitating joint pain. (genengnews.com)
Using in vitro cell culture studies, Dr. Diamond and his team observed that antibodies which recognized the alphavirus epitope also protected against infection by multiple alphaviruses. (genengnews.com)
Transmission of hepatitis C virus infection among younger and older people who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada. (ox.ac.uk)
The differential diagnosis includes other forms of viral hepatitis including mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections, autoimmune disease, and widespread systemic infection with liver failure. (medscape.com)
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is the second most common form of viral hepatitis in the United States. (medscape.com)
[ 7 ] The risk of hepatitis A infection is inversely proportional to the sanitation infrastructure available in a country. (medscape.com)
2 A multiple cohort model has been developed to predict the effect of chronic hepatitis C infection (HCV+) on public health.3 The model takes into consideration known differences in disease progression related to sex and age at infection. (egfrsignals.com)
Objective: The recent availability of novel antiviral drugs has raised new hope for a more effective treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and its severe sequelae. (uninsubria.it)
Conclusions: Clearance of HCV-infected cells is a major therapeutic goal in chronic HCV infection, and adoptive transfer of anti-HCV/E2 CARs-grafted T cells represents a promising new therapeutic tool. (uninsubria.it)
Of these patients, 33 (16.8 percent) tested positive for GBV-C RNA, 112 (56.9 percent) had detectable antibodies against the GBV-C envelope protein E2, and 52 (26.4 percent) had no marker of GBV-C infection and were considered unexposed. (nih.gov)
GRFT can inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at picomolar concentrations, surpassing the ability of most anti-HIV agents. (mdpi.com)
High genetic heterogeneity can be an essential quality of hepatitis C virus (HCV) that plays a part in its capability to establish continual infection. (tam-receptor.com)
Cutaneous symptoms or findings relevant to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection manifest in 20-40% of patients presenting to dermatologists and in a significant percentage (15-20%) of general patients. (medscape.com)
It is evident in up to half of patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. (medscape.com)
Treatment of patients with extrahepatic dermatologic manifestations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the same as that of HCV infective state and the customary treatments of the individual conditions. (medscape.com)
Malignant conditions may even disappear with effective therapy for the underlying chronic hepatitis C infection. (medscape.com)
the risk of acquiring HCV infection as a For anti-HCV antibody determination, result of transfusion was about 10% [ 1 ]. (who.int)
It also confirms the tive samples, 12 negative samples and 16 presence of infection in patients with incon- with indeterminate results by confirma- clusive antibody reactivity. (who.int)
Hence, the development of an in vitro neutralization assay for HCV could be extremely valuable for characterizing the humoral immune response to HCV and for evaluating the potential of passive and active immunization against hepatitis C. Recent studies using an in vitro neutralization assay system (based on infectious retroviral pseudoparticles (HCVpp) bearing HCV envelope glycoproteins) have confirmed that HCV-infected patient sera can indeed neutralize infection. (datexis.com)
After three days of infection and cell permeabilization, detection of the HCV foci was carried out using an inactivated HCV-positive patient serum primary antibody and a peroxidase-coupled, Fc-specific anti-human IgG-antibody. (datexis.com)
Successive episodes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represent a unique natural rechallenge experiment to define correlates of long-term protective immunity and inform vaccine development. (ox.ac.uk)
Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry into hepatic cells. (cusabio.com)
Only some hepatitis C virus strains efficiently use CLDN6 for infection. (cusabio.com)
Although claudin-6 and claudin-9 can serve as entry factors in cell lines, hepatitis C virus infection into human hepatocytes is not dependent on claudin-6 and claudin-9. (cusabio.com)
With the identification of the causative agent of the acquired immuno- deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations has been attributed to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
Ideally, HIV infection in children is identified by the presence of the virus in blood or tissues, confirmed by culture or other laboratory detection methods. (cdc.gov)
Detection of specific antibody to the virus is a sensitive and specific indicator of HIV infection in adults, since the majority of adults with antibody have had culture evidence of infection (8-10). (cdc.gov)
For this reason, two definitions for infection in children are needed: one for infants and children up to 15 months of age who have been exposed to their infected mothers perinatally, and another for older children with perinatal infection and for infants and children of all ages acquiring the virus through other means. (cdc.gov)
Fetal infection occurs transplacentally during the maternal viremic phase, but the mechanisms by which rubella virus causes fetal damage are poorly understood. (medscape.com)

Our RabMAb ® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. (abcam.com)
In contrast, the stem region of HA, formed mostly by the HA2 subunit, is relatively conserved among different influenza A subtypes [19] and indeed could represent an universal target for the development of cross-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. (distantreader.org)
Very recently, human monoclonal antibodies were approved for use on patients with COVID-19. (frontiersin.org)
The human monoclonal antibodies used in this study are almost identical with these approved antibodies. (frontiersin.org)

Structural flexibility of a conserved antigenic region in hepatitis C virus glycoprotein E2 recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies. (ox.ac.uk)
We show here that one of the most conserved antigenic sites within the major glycoprotein E2 (amino acids 412 to 423), which is disordered in the recently reported crystal structure of an E2 core fragment, can adopt different conformations in the context of the infectious virus particle. (ox.ac.uk)
Antigenic region 3 (AR3) on the E1E2 envelope glycoprotein complex overlaps with the CD81 receptor binding site and represents an important epitope for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) and is therefore important for HCV vaccine design. (bvsalud.org)
The only target for HCV neutralizing antibodies is the highly sequence diverse E1E2 glycoprotein. (bvsalud.org)
However, most recombinant HCV glycoprotein vaccines, which usually include only E2, induce only weak neutralizing antibody responses. (bvsalud.org)
2013). Glycan Shifting on Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) E2 Glycoprotein Is a Mechanism for Escape from Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies . (lightsource.ca)
In particular, we designed the first CARs against HCV targeting the HCV/E2 glycoprotein (HCV/E2). (uninsubria.it)
The humoral immune response plays an important role in the defense against these viruses, providing protection mainly by producing antibodies directed against the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein. (distantreader.org)
Spontaneous resolution of HCV reinfection was associated with rapid expansion of glycoprotein E2-specifc memory B cells in three subjects and transient increase in E2-specific neutralizing antibodies in six subjects. (ox.ac.uk)

There is a lot of emphasis on identifying and understanding broadly neutralizing antibodies for other viruses-HIV, hepatitis C virus, dengue virus, influenza virus-but most of those antibodies neutralize different strains of the same virus," explained senior author Michael Diamond, M.D., Ph.D., a professor of medicine and director of the Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development in the Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs at WUSTL. (genengnews.com)
The findings from this study were published online recently in Cell through an article entitled "Broadly Neutralizing Alphavirus Antibodies Bind an Epitope on E2 and Inhibit Entry and Egress. (genengnews.com)
Employing the two most potent broadly neutralizing antibodies, the researchers treated the infected mice and saw markedly reduced joint disease caused by any of the viruses. (genengnews.com)
We have also determined structures of almost all of the rare, broadly neutralizing antibodies against the HIV-1 envelope proteins, gp120 and gp41, in order to elucidate the sites of vulnerability that can be used for HIV-1 vaccine design. (scripps.edu)
We have defined a broadly neutralizing epitope in all group 1 influenza subtypes and are working on other antibodies that recognize group 2 as well as those that cross all subtypes. (scripps.edu)
Design: Anti-HCV/E2 CARs were composed of single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) obtained from a broadly cross-reactive and cross-neutralising human monoclonal antibody (mAb), e137, fused to the intracellular signalling motif of the costimulatory CD28 molecule and the CD3 zeta domain. (uninsubria.it)
In particular, I will focus on the structural characteristics of a region of the E2 protein (Domain E) to which a broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody can penetrate a glycan shield of HCV, while the virus can evade other neutralizing antibodies to this same region. (umd.edu)

The aim of this study was to detect HCV E1/E2 antigens using a novel mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) designated (7G9) as a diagnostic and alternative approach for HCV detection. (clin-lab-publications.com)
Furthermore, no correlation was found between serum HCV viral load and HCV E1/E2 antigens detection. (clin-lab-publications.com)
Our major goal is to understand the interaction and neutralization of foreign antigens by the immune system through high-resolution x-ray structural studies of antibodies, Variable Lymphocyte Rectors (VLRs) and antigens in the humoral system, T-cell receptor complexes with MHC class I and class II in the cellular system, and through pattern recognition receptors, such as TLRs, in the innate immune system. (scripps.edu)
PRD-0038 S vaccination elicits greater titers of antibodies cross-reacting with vaccine-mismatched clade 2 and clade 1a sarbecoviruses compared with SARS-CoV-2 S due to broader antigenic targeting, motivating the inclusion of clade 3 antigens in next-generation vaccines for enhanced resilience to viral evolution. (uw.edu)
Antibodies for the EV71 and CA16 antigens colocalized with ILCs and DCs in skin and muscle tissues under fluorescence microscopy. (omicsdi.org)
However, current tests -- including culture -- for detecting the virus or its antigens are not standardized and are not readily available. (cdc.gov)
We sought to determine whether immune reactivity occurs between anti-SARS-CoV-2 protein antibodies and human tissue antigens, and whether molecular mimicry between COVID-19 viral proteins and human tissues could be the cause. (frontiersin.org)
We applied both human monoclonal anti-SARS-Cov-2 antibodies (spike protein, nucleoprotein) and rabbit polyclonal anti-SARS-Cov-2 antibodies (envelope protein, membrane protein) to 55 different tissue antigens. (frontiersin.org)
We found that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies had reactions with 28 out of 55 tissue antigens, representing a diversity of tissue groups that included barrier proteins, gastrointestinal, thyroid and neural tissues, and more. (frontiersin.org)
Antibodies and antigens fit tightly together because their shape and other surface properties (eg, charge) are complementary. (msdmanuals.com)

ELISA peptide mapping showed high reactivity with peptide derived from HCV E1 (a.a. 315 - 323) and low reactivity to peptides derived from HCV E2 (a.a. 517 - 531) and HCV E2 (a.a. 412 - 419). (clin-lab-publications.com)
Characterization of PRD-0038 S using cryo-EM and monoclonal antibody reactivity reveals its distinct antigenicity relative to SARS-CoV-2 and identifies PRD-0038 cross-neutralizing antibodies for pandemic preparedness. (uw.edu)
Thus, our results can establish the potential risk for autoimmunity and multi-system disorders with COVID-19 that may come from cross-reactivity between our own human tissues and this dreaded virus, and thus ensure that the badly-needed vaccines and treatments being developed for it are truly safe to use against this disease. (frontiersin.org)
In this mechanism, antibodies formed against SARS-CoV-2 would also bind to human tissue proteins leading to autoimmune reactivity. (frontiersin.org)

PDC-E2 antibody LS-C334616 is an unconjugated rabbit polyclonal antibody to PDC-E2 (DLAT) from human. (lsbio.com)

Western Blot: SR-BI Antibody [NB400-104] - Detection of SR-BI in rat H4IIE total cell lysates and plasma membrane proteins. (novusbio.com)
Since the genomic sequence of HCV was determined, progress has been made towards understanding the functions of the HCV-encoded proteins and identifying the cellular receptor(s) responsible for adsorption and penetration of the virus particle into the target cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Our group is making proteins now that focus on this epitope, and we're planning to start immunizing animals soon to see if we generate the right kinds of antibodies. (genengnews.com)
Conversely, people who are immunized with proteins expressing the key epitope identified by the WUSTL researchers should be able to rapidly produce proper protective antibodies, thereby short-circuiting the disease process. (genengnews.com)
Residues at positions 1C13 are dispensable for HCV admittance also, but they make a difference HCV infectivity by modulating binding from the envelope proteins to scavenger receptor course B, type I. Mutations occurring here may confer level of resistance to HVR1 antibodies. (tam-receptor.com)
To confirm incorporation of HCV envelope glycoproteins into pseudotyped particles, pseudoparticles in cell culture supernatants were pelleted by centrifugation through a 20% sucrose cushion and examined for the E1, E2, and HIV Gag proteins by European blot assay as referred to previously (42). (tam-receptor.com)
HCV antibody was confirmed by Western blot using genotype 2 recombinant core, E2 and NS3 proteins. (ox.ac.uk)
Using this approach, the functional interactions of p7 and E2 with other viral proteins during HCV replication was investigated. (monash.edu)
To investigate the emergence of compensatory mutations in the viral proteins during cell passaging, the consensus sequences of the entire polyprotein coding regions of the wild type JFH1 and three chimeric viruses were determined. (monash.edu)
In summary, this thesis demonstrates the importance of functional interactions between HCV proteins during virus morphogenesis and infectivity. (monash.edu)
E2/NS1, NS3, NS4 and NS5 proteins. (who.int)
These 2 envelope proteins comprise the spiked 5-nm to 6-nm surface projections that are observed on the outer membrane of rubella virus and are important for the virulence of the virus. (medscape.com)

Quickly, protein separated by SDS-PAGE had been electrotransferred onto Hybond-ECL nitrocellulose membranes (Amersham Biosciences) and probed with the correct antibodies (E1 mAb A4 clone, goat anti-E2 pAb and HIV Gag mAb). (tam-receptor.com)
Yuliandari P, Matsui C, Deng L, Abe T, Mori H, Taguwa S, Ono C, Fukuhara T, Matsuura Y, and Shoji I. Hepatitis C virus NS5A protein promotes the lysosomal degradation of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) via endosomal microautophagy. (kobe-u.ac.jp)
HERC5 E3 ligase mediates ISGylation of hepatitis B virus X protein to promote viral replication. (kobe-u.ac.jp)
Since the protein plays a critical role in the virus life cycle, chemical compounds that block p7 function are potential candidates for anti-viral therapy. (monash.edu)
Expression of the L1 protein using recombinant DNA technology produces noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs). (cdc.gov)
Protein E1 is the viral hemagglutinin that binds both hemagglutination-inhibiting and hemolysis-inhibiting antibodies. (medscape.com)

As a result, recombinant Env glycoproteins generally elicit inadequate antibody levels that neutralize clinically relevant, neutralization-resistant (Tier-2) HIV-1 strains. (bvsalud.org)
Moreover, CAR-grafted T cells were capable of lysing target cells of both hepatic and non-hepatic origin expressing on their surface the HCV/E2 glycoproteins of the most clinically relevant genotypes, including 1a, 1b, 2a, 3a, 4 and 5. (uninsubria.it)
The HCV glycoproteins E1 and E2 are present on the surface of virions as a heterodimer that attach virions to host cell receptors and facilitate virus fusion and entry. (monash.edu)

Here, we describe recombinant soluble E1E2 immunogens that were generated by permutation of the E1 and E2 subunits. (bvsalud.org)
In 2012 and earlier years, the hepatitis C virus testing algorithm began with an antibody screening test, and antibody screening reactive samples were then tested with a recombinant/synthetic immunoblot assay as the antibody confirmation test. (cdc.gov)

The avian H5N1 and swine H1N1 influenza virus HA structures have been determined as well as mutations that enhance binding to human receptors that may allow the virus to cross the species barrier into humans and be transmissible. (scripps.edu)
Emergence of a novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in humans. (cdc.gov)
Antigenic and genetic characteristics of swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses circulating in humans. (cdc.gov)
Only one antigenic type of rubella virus is available, and humans are the only natural hosts. (medscape.com)

We displayed the E2E1 immunogens on two-component nanoparticles and these nanoparticles induce significantly more potent neutralizing antibody responses than E2. (bvsalud.org)
Focus reduction assays have been widely used to evaluate the neutralizing antibody responses to viruses that can form foci in infected cells. (datexis.com)

IMPORTANCE: Approximately 180 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), and neutralizing antibodies play an important role in controlling the replication of this major human pathogen. (ox.ac.uk)
citation needed] Active viremia is caused by the replication of viruses which results in viruses being introduced into the bloodstream. (wikipedia.org)
Passive viremia is the introduction of viruses in the bloodstream without the need of active viral replication. (wikipedia.org)
Knockdown Validated: SR-BI Antibody [NB400-104] - HCV replication was increased by CD36. (novusbio.com)
Ariffianto A, Deng L, Harada S, Liang Y, Matsui C, Abe T and Shoji I. Transcription factor Jun B suppresses hepatitis C virus replication. (kobe-u.ac.jp)
In this thesis, HVR1 of E2 was deleted in the context of full-length replication comptetent HCV. (monash.edu)

The Hep C Virus Antibody reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (essentialbiosafety.info)
Description: Qualitativeindirect ELISA kit for measuring Pig reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) antibody (IgG) in samples from serum. (essentialbiosafety.info)
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Pig Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Antibody (IgG) in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. (essentialbiosafety.info)
The COBAS AMPLICOR HCV MONITOR Test, version 2 0 (v2.0) is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for the quantitation of Hepatitis C Virus RNA in human serum or plasma on the COBAS AMPLICOR Analyzer. (cdc.gov)
HCV-specific antibodies were detected in 376 (67.3%) serum samples using third-gen- eration enzyme immunoassay and confirmatory immunoblot assays. (who.int)
Virus RNA was extracted from 100 μL of serum or 50% fecal suspensions by using TRIzol Reagent (Invitrogen, Burlington, Ontario, Canada). (blogspot.com)
Among all antibody-positive animals, HEV RNA was not detected in serum or stool samples. (blogspot.com)
However, it has also been shown that the neutralizing activity of antibodies from HCV-infected patients is attenuated by a factor present in human serum, identified as the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction. (datexis.com)

the three subpopulations are present in patients infected with different HCV genotypes and have shown a different activity using a pseuovirus neutralization assay (antibodies e301 and e137 exhibiting high neutralizing activity, while antibody e509 enhancement of HCV infectivity). (uninsubria.it)
HCV-RNA positive samples were then tested with a line probe assay to determine the virus genotype from six genotypes, and subtype for genotype 1, the most prevalent genotype in the U.S. (cdc.gov)
ABSTRACT The seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) specific antibodies and HCV genotypes distribution were studied among 559 Iraqi children with thalassaemia in receipt of repeated blood transfusions. (who.int)
Multiple genotypes of influenza B virus circulated between 1979 and 2003. (cdc.gov)

However, many of the "vaccine-difficult" pathogens have co-evolved strategies to stimulate immune responses to "immunodominant" sites that are immediately adjacent to, but not centered on, critical antigenic determinants that elicit neutralizing antibodies to the pathogen (e.g. (umd.edu)

Acute viral hepatitis is the most common cause of jaundice in pregnancy. (medscape.com)
Patients presenting with jaundice during pregnancy often require a workup to differentiate obstructive gall bladder or bile duct disease, severe preeclampsia, HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, low platelet count), or acute fatty liver of pregnancy from viral hepatitis. (medscape.com)

Based on its molecular genetic characteristics, the virus has been classified into the Hepacivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae. (monash.edu)

Moreover, this region is essential for the improvement of HCV admittance by high denseness lipoprotein and inhibits pathogen neutralization by E2-neutralizing antibodies. (tam-receptor.com)
We found seroprevalences for hepatitis E virus (HEV) of 7.5%, 18.5%, and 83.3% in specific pathogen-free (SPF) laboratory rabbits, monkeys, and pigs, respectively, in China. (blogspot.com)

HCV is one of the major causes of chronic hepatitis which can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. (monash.edu)
HCV is a major public health problem because it causes chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (medscape.com)
Worldwide prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among patients with cirrhosis at country, region, and global levels: a systematic review. (who.int)

Of note, an antibody response targeting this antigenic region is less frequent than those targeting other more immunogenic regions in E2. (ox.ac.uk)

E2 has a receptor binding domain (E2661RBD) that conatins three variable regions, hypervariable regions 1 (HVR1), HVR2 and the intergenotypic variable region (igVR). (monash.edu)

The E1/E2 region of the HCV genome is hypervariable (HVR1) and is targeted by the humoral immune system. (biomedcentral.com)

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: SR-BI Antibody [NB400-104] - FFPE tissue section of mouse liver using SR-BI antibody (Lot 8310) at 1:300 dilution with HRP-DAB detection and hematoxylin counterstaining. (novusbio.com)
The former was utilized for detection of anti-HCV antibodies while the Before the introduction of screening of latter was used for HCV-RNA detection and blood donors for hepatitis C virus (HCV), subsequent genotyping/subtyping. (who.int)
Detection of neutralizing antibodies in human blood had been problematical until an efficient and reliable cell culture system for HCV became available. (datexis.com)
Following the recent development of the HCVcc model, the principle of the focus reduction assay has been applied to HCV-neutralizing antibodies detection. (datexis.com)

Also, the presence of passively transferred maternal antibody in infants limits the interpretation of a positive antibody test result in this age group. (cdc.gov)
Most of the consultants believed that passively transferred maternal HIV antibody could sometimes persist for up to 15 months. (cdc.gov)

Human IgG antibody Laboratories manufactures the hep c virus antibody reagents distributed by Genprice. (essentialbiosafety.info)
Western Blot: SR-BI Antibody [NB400-104] - SR-BI antibody was tested in human adrenal cell lysate. (novusbio.com)
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: SR-BI Antibody [NB400-104] - SR-BI antibody was tested in human fibroblast samples fixed in 4% PFA and permeabilized in PBS (0.2% Tween). (novusbio.com)
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: SR-BI Antibody [NB400-104] - Staining of human adrenal cortex. (novusbio.com)
Multiparameter flow cytometric analysis using BD OptiBuild™ BV786 Mouse Anti-Human CD81 (TAPA-1) antibody (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
In the current study, the researchers screened 60 neutralizing mouse and human antibodies against CHIKV and determined that 10 reacted against three or more different alphaviruses that cause arthritis-like symptoms. (genengnews.com)
We investigated the relation between coinfection with GBV-C and the long-term outcome in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (nih.gov)
Burioni, Roberto title: A Non-VH1-69 Heterosubtypic Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody Protects Mice against H1N1 and H5N1 Viruses date: 2012-04-04 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034415 sha: 6b51562f63de5739f2b7ebf5f9c34365ac6ee545 doc_id: 807 cord_uid: fcffl6m4 Influenza viruses are among the most important human pathogens and are responsible for annual epidemics and sporadic, potentially devastating pandemics. (distantreader.org)
In this study, we describe a human monoclonal antibody (PN-SIA49) that recognizes a highly conserved epitope located on the stem region of the HA and able to neutralize a broad spectrum of influenza viruses belonging to different subtypes (H1, H2 and H5). (distantreader.org)
According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 1 , avoidance of occupational blood exposure is the primary way to prevent transmission of many infectious agents such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in health-care settings. (bvsalud.org)
The evolutionary dynamics of human influenza B virus. (cdc.gov)
The current variants show that the virus is doing its best to make itself more suitable to ongoing circulation within the human population. (bvsalud.org)

This increase was not related to the trend of total anti-HCV/E2 response. (uninsubria.it)

For years, scientists have been on the hunt to develop vaccines that would protect against all or most strains of particularly virulent viruses such as influenza. (genengnews.com)

Then, all RNA positive samples were tested for genotype, and only RNA negative samples were tested with an antibody confirmation test. (cdc.gov)
Bawono RG, Abe T, Shibata Y, Matsui C, Deng L and Shoji I. NS5A-ISGylation via Lysine 26 has a critical role for efficient propagation of hepatitis C virus genotype 2a. (kobe-u.ac.jp)

Samples with positive antibody confirmation results were then tested with a nucleic acid amplification test for hepatitis C virus RNA. (cdc.gov)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects hepatocytes and leads to permanent, severe liver damage. (biomedcentral.com)
Activity of CAR-grafted T cells was evaluated in vitro against HCV/E2-transfected cells as well as hepatocytes infected with cell culture-derived HCV (HCVcc). (uninsubria.it)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV, a member of the Flaviviridae family) is an enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus that preferentially replicates in hepatocytes. (datexis.com)

We also show that residues 412 to 423 are essential for virus entry but not for E2 folding. (ox.ac.uk)

Hepatitis C virions are found in two forms: antibody associated or antibody free. (biomedcentral.com)
The objective of this study was to investigate if separation of Hepatitis C virions into antibody enriched and antibody depleted fractions segregates quasispecies populations into distinctive swarms. (biomedcentral.com)
Sequencing of cDNA obtained from reverted virions revealed mutations in E1 (I262L) and E2 (N415D). (monash.edu)
HDL facilitation of HCVpp entry is a post-binding event, suggesting that HDLs favour internalization of virions and thus the latter's escape from neutralizing antibodies. (datexis.com)

Compared to a clinically relevant prime-boost regimen with soluble vaccines formulated with CpG/alum or 3M-052/alum adjuvants, PNP hydrogel vaccines more rapidly generated higher, broader, and more durable antibody responses. (uw.edu)

Deletion of HVR1 increases CD81-binding ability of the mutant and also increases its susceptibility to neutralizing antibody MAb 24. (monash.edu)
These data suggest that mutations within E1 or E2 can compensate for the reduction in infectivity observed for HVR1 deleted viruses. (monash.edu)

What we've identified here are antibodies that actually neutralize several different alphaviruses. (genengnews.com)
A number of antibodies capable of blocking E2 binding to cells or cell receptors have been described, some of which neutralize HCV entry in animal or cellular models. (datexis.com)

Our results suggest that HCV utilizes conformational flexibility as an immune evasion strategy, contributing to the limited immunogenicity of this epitope in patients, similar to the conformational flexibility described for other enveloped and nonenveloped viruses. (ox.ac.uk)
We have more work to do but are encouraged that targeting this epitope could be a viable strategy for developing vaccines or treatments against Chikungunya and other related viruses that cause significant disease worldwide," Dr. Diamond concluded. (genengnews.com)

The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography. (bdbiosciences.com)

Flow Cytometry: SR-BI Antibody [NB400-104] - An intracellular stain was performed on HeLa cells with SR-BI antibody NB400-104AF488 (blue) and a matched isotype control NBP2-24893AF488 (orange). (novusbio.com)
Flow Cytometry: SR-BI Antibody [NB400-104] - Analysis of Huh7 and HepG2 cells using SR-B1 antibody NB400-104. (novusbio.com)
This antibody was developed for use in flow cytometry. (bdbiosciences.com)

Much of our recent work is focused on HIV-1 and influenza viruses. (scripps.edu)
Furthermore, we describe its protective activity in mice after lethal challenge with H1N1 and H5N1 viruses suggesting a potential application in the treatment of influenza virus infections. (distantreader.org)
Preventive vaccination has historically been the most efficient measure of influenza control, but this approach presents important limitations due to the accumulation of antigenic mutations in the virus, known as antigenic drift. (distantreader.org)
The current therapeutic regimen for influenza A viruses is limited to two classes of drugs: the adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine) and the neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir and zanamivir). (distantreader.org)
Rota PA, Wallis TR, Harmon MW, Rota JS, Kendal AP, Nerome K. Cocirculation of two distinct evolutionary lineages of influenza type B virus since 1983. (cdc.gov)
Influenza Other Respir Viruses. (cdc.gov)
Hospitalizations associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States, 1993-2008. (cdc.gov)
Population-based surveillance for hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza viruses among young children. (cdc.gov)

Breast milk also contains other immunoglobulins, antibodies, oligosaccharides, lipids, bioactive peptides, among other components with unique mechanisms that besides the protection against these diseases, stimulate the development of infants' immune systems. (bvsalud.org)

They were tested for HCV-RNA positivity lence of hepatitis C virus specific antibodies and subsequent HCV-genotyping using an among children with thalassaemia in receipt advanced molecular method. (who.int)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide and in Egypt. (clin-lab-publications.com)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease, with approximately 170 million people infected worldwide [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Beginning in 2013, samples reactive to the antibody screening test were first tested for RNA. (cdc.gov)

Additionally, 14.6% of the dental care workers did not receive hepatitis B vaccination. (bvsalud.org)

Histologically, MASH is difficult to distinguish from alcoholic hepatitis. (merckmanuals.com)

In hepatitis A disease, feces contain the highest concentration of HAV viral particles, and viral excretion is highest late in the incubation and early in the prodromal phase. (medscape.com)
Deng L, Liang Y, Ariffianto A, Matsui C, Abe T, Muramatsu M, Wakita T, Maki M, Shibata H and Shoji I. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced ROS/JNK signaling pathway activates the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch to promote the release of HCV particles via polyubiquitylation of VPS4A. (kobe-u.ac.jp)
Recently, an HCV cell culture model (HCVcc) has been developed, allowing the production of virus particles that can be efficiently propagated in cell culture. (datexis.com)
The data suggest applications of CLDN6 displaying Virus-like particles in cancer immunotherapy. (cusabio.com)
The virus is transmitted via the aerosolized particles from the respiratory tract secretions of infected individuals. (medscape.com)

Anatomy16

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Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment41

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Disciplines and Occupations1

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