• The virus's life cycle involves entering liver cells and producing new virus cells to trigger infections in other liver cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Currently, there is no standard treatment or medication for routine acute hepatitis B infections. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This Health Alert Network (HAN) Advisory alerts public health departments, healthcare facilities, and programs providing services to affected populations about these outbreaks of hepatitis A infections and provides guidance to assist in identifying and preventing new infections. (cdc.gov)
  • 2 Severe infections can result in cholestatic hepatitis, relapsing hepatitis, and fulminant hepatitis leading to death. (cdc.gov)
  • however, when this disease affects populations with already poor health (e.g., hepatitis B and C infections, chronic liver disease), infection can lead to serious outcomes, including death. (cdc.gov)
  • From January 2017 to April 2018, CDC has received more than 2,500 reports of hepatitis A infections associated with person-to-person transmission from multiple states. (cdc.gov)
  • 12,13 Outbreaks of hepatitis A infections among homeless persons have occurred in other countries, but large outbreaks among the homeless have not been described previously in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Tenofovir works in the same way for both HIV infection and chronic hepatitis B virus infections. (healthline.com)
  • Hepatitis B and C viruses can also cause chronic infections that remain silent for decades, placing infected persons at risk for premature death from liver cirrhosis (scarring) or primary liver cancer in later life. (who.int)
  • Exposure to blood through injections with nonsterile equipment or transfusion of infected blood products is a common and preventable cause of hepatitis B and C virus infections. (who.int)
  • Unsafe injection practices are estimated to be responsible for 21 million new hepatitis B virus infections and two million new hepatitis C virus infections a year. (who.int)
  • It is estimated that about 1.4 million new hepatitis A virus infections occur globally each year. (who.int)
  • Paradoxically, as water and sanitation systems improve in developing countries, infections occur later in life, when the risk for severe disease from hepatitis A is greatest. (who.int)
  • indeed, hepatitis A virus is among the viruses most frequently involved in foodborne infections. (who.int)
  • This issue of MMWR Recommendations and Reports (Vol. 44, No. RR-8) is excerpted from the USPHS/IDSA Guidelines for the Prevention of Opportunistic Infections in Persons Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus, to be published in a supplement to Clinical Infectious Diseases in August 1995. (cdc.gov)
  • There's no regulation preventing people who can't receive the vaccine, who are vaccine non-responders, or who have chronic hep B infections from holding these positions. (healthline.com)
  • In most cases, those that get hepatitis B recover from the disease and may develop a natural immunity to future hepatitis B infections, but some people will have chronic infection. (who.int)
  • Force screening for HCV is not currently performed during U.S. Air Force (USAF) Basic Military Training (BMT) although screening is completed for other viral infections (including HIV, hepatitis A, and hepatitis B). As a result, the true prevalence of chronic HCV infection cannot be ascertained in the basic trainee population. (health.mil)
  • The medical definition of hepatitis E is a kind of inflammation and swelling of the liver that is caused by the hepatitis E virus (hep E). There are about 20 million cases of hep E infections per year in the world. (medicinenet.com)
  • Most hep E infections happen in parts of the world that have poor sanitation or unsafe water supplies. (medicinenet.com)
  • Varicella zoster virus infections following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: frequency, risk factors, and clinical outcome. (nature.com)
  • 1. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that can be transferred from one person to another through sexual contact. (who.int)
  • Acute hepatitis B describes when the infection first occurs, and symptoms only last a few weeks. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • However, if a person still has an infection after 6 months, doctors refer to it as chronic hepatitis B . Many people with chronic hepatitis B may not experience symptoms and remain free from symptoms for many years. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • People with a hepatitis C infection can go for years without symptoms, so may have no inkling they're sick. (npr.org)
  • Not everyone with hep B experiences symptoms. (healthline.com)
  • People who have contracted the virus won't respond to the vaccine, and it's possible to have hepatitis without having any symptoms. (healthline.com)
  • If someone does have symptoms, they usually start 2 to 6 weeks after the person was exposed to the virus. (kidshealth.org)
  • Within a few weeks, the symptoms will have gone away on their own and the virus won't be in a person's system. (kidshealth.org)
  • Doctors will look at a variety of factors and symptoms when determining a person's outlook if they have hepatitis C and cirrhosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The incubation period (from the time of exposure to HBV to symptom development) is long for hepatitis B - the average time to onset of symptoms is about 90, days but may range from 60-150 days. (medicinenet.com)
  • Acute hepatitis B symptoms may last from several weeks up to about 6 months. (medicinenet.com)
  • People with hepatitis often get symptoms such as yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), fever, nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite, abdominal pain (on the upper right side), darker colored bowel movements and dark-colored urine. (who.int)
  • Hepatitis E viral infection causes symptoms and signs, for example, soreness and swelling of the liver (hepatitis) and yellow eyes ( jaundice ). (medicinenet.com)
  • Hepatitis E viral infection symptoms and signs include yellow eyes and skin, nausea and vomiting , pain in the right side of the abdomen, dark or brown urine, and light-colored stool . (medicinenet.com)
  • Hepatitis E is contagious from one week before symptoms start to four weeks afterward. (medicinenet.com)
  • Some people have no symptoms or signs and do not know they are contagious with the infection. (medicinenet.com)
  • What are the signs and symptoms of hepatitis E infection? (medicinenet.com)
  • The best way to prevent hepatitis A infection is through vaccination with the hepatitis A vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • 20% of all hepatitis A cases reported to CDC, but no large outbreaks have occurred among persons who use drugs since adoption of the recommendation for hepatitis A vaccination of persons who use injection and non-injection drugs was made in 1996. (cdc.gov)
  • We're hoping that anybody who might come down with the virus comes out and gets the vaccination, "he added. (irishcentral.com)
  • In Wisconsin, vaccination is now recommended for people who had known exposure to someone with monkeypox and people with certain risk factors who are more likely to be exposed to … who have sex with men, anyone can develop monkeypox infection if they have close contact with someone who is sick. (wisconsin.gov)
  • There are a few steps to take if you don't respond to the hepatitis B vaccination. (healthline.com)
  • This means that not reacting to a hep B vaccination is sometimes the first indication that you have the infection, and it's why testing is such an important first step. (healthline.com)
  • People receiving this second round of vaccination will be tested again about a month after receiving the final dose in the three-dose series. (healthline.com)
  • The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires that all employees whose job requires exposure to blood are offered the hepatitis B vaccination and that personal protective equipment, such as gloves, is always available. (healthline.com)
  • There are no specific drugs or treatments to treat and cure hepatitis E, moreover, the only country that has a hep E vaccination is China at this time. (medicinenet.com)
  • Additionally, practicing good hand hygiene-including thoroughly washing hands after using the bathroom, changing diapers, and before preparing or eating food-plays an important role in preventing the spread of hepatitis A. (cdc.gov)
  • People develop immunity to hepatitis A virus after recovery. (who.int)
  • Chronic hepatitis E is more common in most people with hepatitis C . However, hep E occurs less often than hep B , and very rarely, with hep E can become chronic in people whose immunity is suppressed by drugs given to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ. (medicinenet.com)
  • Arvin AM . Varicella-zoster virus: pathogenesis, immunity, and clinical management in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. (nature.com)
  • The primary means of hepatitis A virus (HAV) transmission in the United States is typically person-to-person through the fecal-oral route (i.e., ingestion of something that has been contaminated with the feces of an infected person). (cdc.gov)
  • Person-to-person transmission of HAV between persons who report drug use and/or homelessness could result from contaminated needles and other injection paraphernalia, specific sexual contact and practices, or from generally poor sanitary conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • It is essential that increased access to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention services for persons with hepatitis C be addressed to prevent progression of disease and ongoing transmission and achieve national hepatitis C elimination goals. (medscape.com)
  • Still, while screening people who misuse drugs can break the cycle of transmission, public health advocates say a number of obstacles - a lack of money, staff or other resources - may keep substance abuse facilities from going that route. (npr.org)
  • As all five viruses differ in their global distribution and routes of transmission, tailored prevention strategies will be required. (who.int)
  • The probability of transmission of hepatitis B and C viruses through transfusion of unsafe blood can be as high as about 70% and 92%, respectively, depending on the volume transfused and viral load. (who.int)
  • There are no well-documented reports of HIV, hepatitis C virus, or hepatitis D virus transmission during sport. (lww.com)
  • Bloodborne transmission of hepatitis A virus occurs, but is much less common. (who.int)
  • Hepatitis A infection is a vaccine-preventable illness. (cdc.gov)
  • However, both CDC and vaccine manufacturers continue to closely monitor ongoing demand for adult hepatitis A vaccine in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • The hepatitis B vaccine can reduce your risk of developing the infection. (healthline.com)
  • But up to 10% of people may not respond to this vaccine. (healthline.com)
  • The hepatitis B vaccine is one of the best ways to reduce your risk of a hepatitis infection, but an estimated 5-10% of people who receive the vaccine are "non-responders. (healthline.com)
  • A hepatitis B non-responder is someone who doesn't develop protective antibodies after receiving the hepatitis vaccine. (healthline.com)
  • To be classed a non-responder, you must have received at least two full doses of the vaccine without developing antibodies and been tested to make sure you don't have a chronic or acute hepatitis B infection. (healthline.com)
  • This article will explain more about how someone develops a non-response to the hepatitis B vaccine, what that means, and how you can reduce their risk of developing this type of infection. (healthline.com)
  • People develop antibodies by having the infection or through a vaccine. (healthline.com)
  • What causes hep B vaccine non-response? (healthline.com)
  • What happens if you don't respond to hep B vaccine? (healthline.com)
  • If you're found to not have hep B, the next step is often receiving an additional vaccine. (healthline.com)
  • The hepatitis A vaccine is recommended for all children over 1 year old. (kidshealth.org)
  • As the number of people who inject drugs has soared, the rate of infection with hepatitis C - which is frequently tied to sharing needles - has climbed steeply, too . (npr.org)
  • Infection with hepatitis A, B, C, D and E viruses can cause acute liver disease. (who.int)
  • Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) can cause significant morbidity to individuals due to inflammatory damage to the liver. (health.mil)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments are investigating hepatitis A outbreaks in multiple states among persons reporting drug use and/or homelessness and their contacts. (cdc.gov)
  • This shifting epidemiology is responsible for increased numbers of cases in some countries and the emergence of community-wide outbreaks of hepatitis A. 6. (who.int)
  • Hepatitis A is usually spread when a person ingests the virus from contact with objects, or food and drinks contaminated by feces from an infected person. (fox13now.com)
  • Hepatitis E is diagnosed by blood and stool (feces) tests. (medicinenet.com)
  • Hepatitis B virus infection early in life is associated with the highest risk of chronic infection. (who.int)
  • People with chronic infection risk progression to cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. (who.int)
  • Hepatitis A is a contagious liver disease that (unlike other forms of hepatitis) does not usually result in chronic infection, according to the health department. (fox13now.com)
  • however, about 5% of people are not able to eliminate the hepatitis B virus and develop chronic infection. (medicinenet.com)
  • Although a commercially available drug is not yet available to cure hepatitis B, researchers in Australia are currently studying an anticancer drug, birinapant. (medicinenet.com)
  • The drug is in clinical trials to determine its potential ability to cure hepatitis B. (medicinenet.com)
  • The initial test for hepatitis C is an inexpensive blood test to check for antibodies that indicate the person's been exposed to the virus. (npr.org)
  • Hepatitis A can stay in a person's poop for several months after the initial illness, especially in babies and younger children. (kidshealth.org)
  • Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV-1): Infection with HTLV-1 increases a person's risk of lymphoma and leukemia. (daviddarling.info)
  • Hepatitis E virus infection occurs sporadically and in epidemics, causing significant morbidity and death, especially in pregnant women. (who.int)
  • The prevalence of some viral STIs is similarly high, with an estimated 417 million people infected with herpes simplex type 2, and approximately 291 million women harbouring the human papillomavirus (HPV). (who.int)
  • Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) are a key population affected by hepatitis C virus (HCV). (bris.ac.uk)
  • As the number of people who inject drugs and share needles has soared, the rate of infection with hep C has climbed, too. (npr.org)
  • Background: Recent incarceration has been linked to a high risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among people who inject drugs (PWID). (inhsu.org)
  • Following CDC guidance, [ 4 ] a simplified national laboratory results-based HCV five-step clearance cascade was developed using longitudinal data from a large national commercial laboratory throughout the decade since highly effective hepatitis C treatments became available. (medscape.com)
  • Prior to 2011, treatments for hepatitis C virus infection were difficult to take (required injection) and had many side effects. (cdc.gov)
  • These drugs can reduce the ability of the virus to multiply, slowing down liver damage. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • And although health care facilities that serve people who use drugs are well-positioned to initiate screening, studies show that often doesn't happen . (npr.org)
  • When researchers narrowed their analysis to the much smaller number of opioid treatment programs that are federally certified to use methadone and other drugs in treatment, a higher, but still not overwhelming, proportion - just over 63 percent - said they offered screening for hepatitis C. (npr.org)
  • Someone with hepatitis A uses the bathroom, does not wash their hands properly, and then touches … caregiver does not properly wash their hands after changing diapers or cleaning up the poop of someone with hepatitis A. Someone uses drugs. (wisconsin.gov)
  • However, because drugs affect each person differently, we cannot guarantee that this information includes all possible side effects. (healthline.com)
  • People experiencing homelessness, people who use illicit drugs, or people who are or have recently been incarcerated," the health department said. (fox13now.com)
  • our global community of innovators, practitioners and change-makers to improve the health of people that use drugs. (inhsu.org)
  • Hepatitis B infection is transmitted through sexual contact, contact with contaminated blood (for example, through shared needles used for illicit, intravenous drugs), and from mother to child. (medicinenet.com)
  • Only 27.5 percent of 12,166 substance abuse facilities reported offering testing for hepatitis C in 2017, according to research published on the blog for the journal Health Affairs in October. (npr.org)
  • An analysis by Boston Medical Center researchers of nearly 270,000 medical records of people age 13 to 21 who visited federally qualified health centers from 2012 to 2017 found that only 36 percent of the 875 patients with that diagnosis were tested for hepatitis C. (npr.org)
  • The Salt Lake County Health Department has identified 148 cases of hepatitis A related to this outbreak, while the entire state of Utah has seen 212 cases to date since the August 2017 outbreak. (fox13now.com)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that there were 14,229 new cases of reported chronic hepatitis B in the United States in 2021. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports the first dose provides 94-percent protection against hepatitis A for 2 to 5 years and the second dose provides 99-percent protection for 20 to 25 years. (fox13now.com)
  • Both conditions are individually harmful and together may make it more likely that a person will develop liver failure and liver cancer , potentially resulting in death, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The group of viruses that cause acute and/or chronic liver infection and inflammation (hepatitis) is responsible for major public health problems globally. (who.int)
  • Hepatitis B (hep B) is an infection and inflammation of the liver. (healthline.com)
  • Persons infected with hepatitis B can pass the virus to others through blood or body fluids. (medicinenet.com)
  • Hepatitis B is spread person-to-person by methods that usually involve skin puncture or mucosal contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected person. (medicinenet.com)
  • Hepatitis B and C virus are transmitted from person to person through blood or other body fluids. (who.int)
  • Authorities have warned that an unidentified person, who handled communion wafers may have transmitted the illness to parishioners at two separate Masses. (irishcentral.com)
  • When a person first contracts the virus, they usually experience mild illness, and the body may clear the virus completely. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In some cases, after exposure to HBV, a person may experience immunosuppression from chemotherapy or a stem cell transplant. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • They may need to take extra steps to avoid hep B exposure. (healthline.com)
  • Hepatitis C can cause cirrhosis, but cirrhosis cannot cause hepatitis C. This is because a person must have exposure to the virus to get hepatitis C. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In many cases, the body is able to eliminate the virus without any problems. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This drug doesn't eliminate the virus entirely, but it helps to control it. (healthline.com)
  • BACKGROUND: A possible breach of the transducer protector in specific dialysis machines was reported in June 2004 in British Columbia (BC), which led to testing of hemodialysis patients for hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV. (hindawi.com)
  • HCV-PCR should be considered at baseline for persons with HCV risk factors, and for returning travellers who received dialysis in HCV-endemic countries to identify HCV infection occurring outside the hemodialysis unit. (hindawi.com)
  • After recovering, a person is immune to the virus for the rest of his or her life. (kidshealth.org)
  • Hepatitis E does not cause chronic hepatitis except in some people with weak immune systems, especially after organ transplantation. (medicinenet.com)
  • 4 An HAV-infected person can be viremic up to six weeks through their clinical course and excrete virus in stool for up to two weeks prior to becoming symptomatic, making identifying exposures particularly difficult. (cdc.gov)
  • Acute hepatitis B is curable and sometimes resolves on its own without medications. (healthline.com)
  • At global level, it is estimated that each year there are 357 million new cases of the four major curable STIs among people aged 15-49 years: chlamydia infection (131 million), gonorrhoea (78 million), syphilis (6 million) and trichomoniasis (142 million). (who.int)
  • Of the more than 1,900 reports for which risk factors are known, more than 1,300 (68%) of the infected persons report drug use (injection and non-injection), homelessness, or both. (cdc.gov)
  • An increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was reported in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), without identifying factors associated with atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) events. (natap.org)
  • Even in a setting with an identified risk factor in opioid-use disorder, too few youths are being screened for hepatitis C," says Dr. Rachel Epstein , a postdoctoral research fellow in infectious diseases at Boston Medical Center and a co-author of the study. (npr.org)
  • People with chronic hepatitis B virus infection have a 15% to 25% risk of dying prematurely from hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis and liver cancer. (who.int)
  • People with chronic hepatitis C virus infection are also at high risk for developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. (who.int)
  • According to the health department, both victims were adults who health officials said were high-risk for contracting the virus. (fox13now.com)
  • Health officials said washing your hands dramatically reduces your risk of contracting or spreading the virus. (fox13now.com)
  • However, if you don't respond to the vaccines, you may be more at risk for developing hep B. (healthline.com)
  • Who Is at Risk for Hepatitis A? (kidshealth.org)
  • But research shows that certain risk factors increase the chance that a person will develop this disease. (daviddarling.info)
  • People who have HIV infection are at much greater risk of some types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (daviddarling.info)
  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV): Infection with EBV has been linked to an increased risk of lymphoma. (daviddarling.info)
  • Some studies have found an increased risk of lymphoma in people with hepatitis C virus. (daviddarling.info)
  • People who work with herbicides or certain other chemicals may be at increased risk of this disease. (daviddarling.info)
  • Most people who have known risk factors do not get non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (daviddarling.info)
  • On the other hand, people who do get the disease often have no known risk factors. (daviddarling.info)
  • Chronic hepatitis C virus infection places infected persons at risk for liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (cdc.gov)
  • According to CDC, persons born during 1945 through 1965 are at high risk for chronic hepatitis C virus infection and are likely to be unaware of their infection. (cdc.gov)
  • However, many people with hepatitis C virus infection do not have any of these risk factors. (cdc.gov)
  • who had ever had hepatitis C virus infection in general population of the United States, about 3% 2) Most persons who had ever had hepatitis C virus infection in this cohort (89%) did not have one of the identified hepatitis C virus infection risk factors. (cdc.gov)
  • 3) People who were exposed to sewage during their work at the World Trade Center had a higher risk of hepatitis C virus infection than people who were not exposed to sewage during their work at the World Trade Center. (cdc.gov)
  • 4) People who wore gloves when they were in contact with sewage during their work at the World Trade Center site had a lower risk of hepatitis C virus infection than people who did not wear gloves when they were in contact with sewage during their work at the World Trade Center site. (cdc.gov)
  • About 90% of infants infected around the time of birth, 30% of children infected in early childhood and 6% of those infected after five years of age will develop chronic hepatitis B virus infection. (who.int)
  • Why do hep B antibodies matter in avoiding this infection? (healthline.com)
  • When it comes to developing a natural response to hep B, antibodies are important. (healthline.com)
  • Even though hepatitis E virus is uncommon in the U.S., surveys have shown that up to 20% of Americans have antibodies to it and have probably been exposed. (medicinenet.com)
  • Infection is usually by the fecal-oral route either through person-to-person contact or ingestion of contaminated food or water. (who.int)
  • Semen, saliva, sharing needles or syringes, and contact with open sores of an infected person can all facilitate person-to-person spread. (medicinenet.com)
  • The incubation period for hepatitis varies depending on the type of virus. (who.int)
  • In such cases, if someone is due to have chemotherapy or will experience another situation that may cause immunosuppression, a doctor may provide prophylactic hepatitis B management to prevent reactivation or flare of the virus. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The occurrence of varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is increased after allogeneic transplantation, whereas limited data are available for herpes zoster (HZ) after autologous SCT (ASCT). (nature.com)
  • If doctors detect hepatitis C before it causes significant liver damage, they can usually prescribe medications that may help to cure a large majority of people. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Doctors can seldom explain why one person develops non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and another does not. (daviddarling.info)
  • This virus can transmit through blood, semen, and other bodily fluids from someone with the infection to another individual. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Blocking reverse transcriptase can reduce the amount of the virus in your blood. (healthline.com)
  • A significant proportion of the blood supply is either not screened at all for hepatitis B or C virus or not screened properly. (who.int)
  • Hepatitis C is a virus that people contract when they come into contact with the blood of someone who has hepatitis C. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Fortunately, HBV is not spread through food or beverages , breastfeeding , casual contact like hugging or handholding, or sneezing (as long as no blood from an infected person accompanies these activities). (medicinenet.com)
  • A predictive model of varicella-zoster virus infection after autologous peripheral blood progenitory cell transplantation. (nature.com)
  • People who have lost only a small amount of blood may feel well otherwise. (msdmanuals.com)
  • People with underlying ischemic heart disease may develop chest pain (angina) or a have a heart attack (myocardial infarction) because of decreased blood flow through the heart. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Additionally, most cases of acute hepatitis B do not require aggressive medical treatment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • An 8-12 week short-course of well-tolerated, oral-only treatment with DAA agents is recommended for nearly all persons with HCV infection [ 5 ] and results in a cure in ≥95% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • HCV incidence rate on dialysis was 78.8 cases per 100,000 person-years. (hindawi.com)
  • An estimated 57% of cases of liver cirrhosis and 78% of primary liver cancer result from hepatitis B or C virus infection. (who.int)
  • The State Health Department's data shows since 2010 Utah has ten or fewer cases of hepatitis A. (fox13now.com)
  • Cases of hepatitis E are very uncommon in developed countries like the United States, Canada, Northern Europe, and Australia. (medicinenet.com)
  • Of the 11 who were seen by an infectious disease specialist, most were treated and cured (9, 82%), 1 is currently on treatment (9%), and 1 was seen in a state outside of New York which does not provide treatment for hepatitis C virus infection in most cases. (cdc.gov)
  • HBV causes hepatitis B , which is a serious disease that can lead to liver damage and death. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • According to the World Health Organization (WHO) , the disease led to roughly 820,000 deaths worldwide in 2019, and an estimated 296 million people have the infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Anyone … contact or by simply breathing the air where a person with meningococcal  disease has been. (wisconsin.gov)
  • These deaths are a tragic reminder that hepatitis A is a serious disease but one that is preventable," the Salt Lake County Health Department's Medical Director, Dr. Dagmar Vitek. (fox13now.com)
  • The disease, hepatitis B , is contagious . (medicinenet.com)
  • To avoid confusion , the term hepatitis B will be used to indicate liver disease and HBV will be used to designate the infecting virus. (medicinenet.com)