• It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. (curehunter.com)
  • Aetna considers intra-hepatic chemotherapy (infusion) medically necessary for members with liver metastases from colorectal cancer. (aetna.com)
  • Chemoembolization (CE) for other indications including palliative treatment of liver metastases from other non-neuroendocrine primaries (e.g., breast cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, esophageal cancer, melanoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, or unknown primaries) and CE of the pancreas for pancreatic cancer. (aetna.com)
  • Drug-eluting beads trans-arterial chemoembolization for leiomyosarcoma, liver metastases from colorectal cancer, and for primary and liver-dominant metastatic disease of the liver. (aetna.com)
  • Electro-coagulation for the treatment of liver metastases. (aetna.com)
  • Intra-hepatic chemotherapy for other indications not listed above, including treatment of liver primaries or metastases from other primaries (e.g., breast) besides colorectal cancer. (aetna.com)
  • Intra-hepatic microspheres for metastases from esophageal cancer, gallbladder cancer, uveal melanom a, liver metastases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and other indications not listed above. (aetna.com)
  • One-shot" arterial chemotherapy for members with liver metastases from colorectal cancer. (aetna.com)
  • There is inadequate information to document the effectiveness of PEI as an alternative to surgical resection for the treatment of hepatic metastases. (aetna.com)
  • In neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), liver metastases (LM) represent the most crucial prognostic factor, irrespective of the primary tumor site. (oaepublish.com)
  • In this review we will discuss the existing approaches for hepatic metastases from GEP-NETs. (oaepublish.com)
  • Due to their relatively indolent course, they are frequently diagnosed in an advanced stage, [ 3 , 4 ] with the development of liver metastases (LM) being the most frequent clinical occurrence. (oaepublish.com)
  • However, liver metastases are common in NET patients and the outcome of NET liver metastasis is poor. (cancerindex.org)
  • The main recipients of STZ chemotherapy were middle-aged patients with pancreatic NET and unresectable liver metastases. (cancerindex.org)
  • Liver metastases occur during the progression of various malignancies. (cancertreatmentjournal.com)
  • Similar to colorectal cancer, liver metastases of neuroendocrine cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and pancreatic cancer also determine patient prognosis to some extent. (cancertreatmentjournal.com)
  • With the development of surgical techniques, pharmaceutical research, and perioperative treatment, therapeutic strategies for non-colorectal cancer liver metastases have improved greatly during the last two decades, inevitably leading to some controversies. (cancertreatmentjournal.com)
  • The liver is one of the most common sites of metastases in various malignancies. (cancertreatmentjournal.com)
  • Treatment of liver metastases, to some extent, determines the prognosis of patients. (cancertreatmentjournal.com)
  • A systematic review of the therapeutic approaches for various cancer-related liver metastases would provide a better understanding of the latest progression and controversies regarding the surgical options, systematic chemotherapy, and palliative treatment. (cancertreatmentjournal.com)
  • In this review, we have summarized the therapeutic options for non-colorectal cancer liver metastases in neuroendocrine tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, and breast cancer. (cancertreatmentjournal.com)
  • In addition, we attempt to answer the following questions for different pathological liver metastases. (cancertreatmentjournal.com)
  • 1. What are the incidence, prevalence, and prognosis characteristics of different tumor liver metastases? (cancertreatmentjournal.com)
  • 6. What is the systematic therapy scheme for different cancer liver metastases? (cancertreatmentjournal.com)
  • The treatment options for NET liver metastases include surgical resection, liver transplantation, loco-regional therapies, and medical treatment. (cancertreatmentjournal.com)
  • Curative surgical resection is possible in only 10%-25% of NET patients with liver metastases. (cancertreatmentjournal.com)
  • summarized 29 studies on NET liver metastases, and reported that 63% of the patients achieved R0 resection, with the 5- and 10-year overall survival rates of 70.5% and 42%, respectively 1,2 . (cancertreatmentjournal.com)
  • Synchronous resection of the primary tumor and liver metastases showed acceptable complication rates (18%-25%) and favorable 5-year survival rates (70%-71%) 6-10 . (cancertreatmentjournal.com)
  • Except for CRLM, neuroendocrine tumor (NET) liver metastases are brought into indications of liver transplantation. (cancertreatmentjournal.com)
  • Improving resectability of hepatic colorectal metastases: expert consensus statement. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Tumor response rate was the primary endpoint using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria, , while time to progression (TTP), progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were defined as the secondary endpoints. (wikipedia.org)
  • Patients with underlying liver disease require a greater volume of liver remnant to maintain hepatic function, thus, tumors that might normally be resectable in patients with normal liver parenchyma may not be resectable in the presence of cirrhosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • For treatment of neuroendocrine cancers (i.e., carcinoid tumors and pancreatic endocrine tumors) involving the liver. (aetna.com)
  • In this document, we review the literature on the use of 177 Lu-DOTATATE in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of different primary origin, discuss issues of controversy, and review potential contraindications to treatment. (snmjournals.org)
  • Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is slightly more accurate than CT in staging primary rectal tumors, CT is much more widely available. (medscape.com)
  • At diagnosis, about 65-95% of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) show hepatic metastasis. (oaepublish.com)
  • Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare neoplasms originating from diffuse neuroendocrine cells. (oaepublish.com)
  • [ 2 ] Well- to moderately differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (WMD-NEN) are a highly heterogeneous group of tumors comprising low-grade (G1) and intermediate-grade (G2) NETs of the gastrointestinal tract, typical and atypical carcinoids of the lung and thymus, and other cancers such as medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. (oaepublish.com)
  • Treatment strategies for liver metastatic lesions vary significantly between different tumors, because of their unique biological characteristics. (cancertreatmentjournal.com)
  • Compared to the non-surgical group, palliative resection of the primary tumor significantly improved the 5-year survival rate (35.7%-83% versus 5.4%-50%), even in patients with primary tumors and unresectable metastases sites 4 . (cancertreatmentjournal.com)
  • Dr. Hope's main research focus is on novel imaging agents and therapies, particularly in prostate cancer and neuroendocrine tumors. (ucsf.edu)
  • Additionally he leads the PRRT (peptide receptor radionuclide therapy) program for neuroendocrine tumors and PSMA Radioligand Therapy at UCSF. (ucsf.edu)
  • An international leader in PET/MR research and the translation of new molecular imaging agents, Dr. Hope launched the highly successful PSMA prostate program at UCSF and championed the use of multiple new targeted therapies to treat patients with neuroendocrine and other tumors. (ucsf.edu)
  • Carcinoid tumors are characteristically low grade malignant neoplasms with neuroendocrine differentiation that arise in various body sites, most commonly the lung and gastrointestinal tract, but less frequentl. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Traditionally, bile duct tumors located within the liver had been classified with hepatocellular carcinoma as primary liver tumors. (tri-kobe.org)
  • [ 1 ] In contrast, bile duct tumors located outside of the liver had been classified with gallbladder cancer as extrahepatic biliary tract tumors. (tri-kobe.org)
  • Tumors of the intrahepatic bile ducts originate in small intrahepatic ductules or large intrahepatic ducts that are proximal to the bifurcation of the right and left hepatic ducts. (tri-kobe.org)
  • When patients with extra-hepatic disease or portal vein involvement were excluded, overall 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates rose to 84%, 66% and 51%, and median survival 40 months, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aetna considers percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) medically necessary for the treatment of hepatocellular cancers (HCC) without extra-hepatic spread. (aetna.com)
  • In general, the prognosis of HCC patients with extra-hepatic metastasis is poor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The m o common indication of this therapy is for treatment of unresectable primary hepatocellular carcinoma, based on anatomic distribution of disease, vascular invasion, underlying hepatic function or a combination of these factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with yttrium 90 is increasingly utilized for the treatment of hepatic neoplasms, whether primary (particularly hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) or metastatic (particularly colorectal). (thieme-connect.com)
  • This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lenvatinib (LEN) combined with transcatheter intra-arterial therapy (TIT) for advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after propensity score matching (PSM). (bvsalud.org)
  • Even though the combined use of ultrasound (US) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is recommended for the surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the utilization of AFP has its challenges, including accuracy dependent on its cut-off levels, degree of liver necroinflammation, and etiology of liver disease. (e-cmh.org)
  • Although TACE is considered the gold standard and TAE has largely been abandoned as a primary hepatic intra-arterial therapy for primary liver cancer, there are a few studies that suggest sufficient anti-tumor effects of TAE. (wikipedia.org)
  • PIVKA-II is clinically useful for monitoring curative and intra-arterial locoregional treatments, outcomes, and recurrence, and could potentially predict microvascular invasion risk and facilitate patient selection for liver transplant. (e-cmh.org)
  • The type of systemic therapy used is dependent on the grade and proliferation of the tumor and includes somatostatin analogues, interferon, m-Tor and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and chemotherapy. (oaepublish.com)
  • Streptozocin-Based Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Neuroendocrine Neoplasms--Predictive and Prognostic Markers for Treatment Stratification. (cancerindex.org)
  • Chemotherapy with streptozocin (STZ) in combination with 5-FU or doxorubicin (Dox) represents a standard of care for patients with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNEN). (cancerindex.org)
  • STZ-based chemotherapy is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option in patients with well differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms. (cancerindex.org)
  • The OS in the LEN combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and LEN combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy groups was significantly higher than that in the LEN monotherapy group (MST 20.0 vs. 11.6 months, 30.2 vs. 11.6 months, p = 0.048, and p = 0.029, respectively). (bvsalud.org)
  • In these patients who are poor candidates for resection, a combination of chemotherapy, locoregional therapies like ablation, transarterial chemo and radioembolization, and in very advanced and metastatic disease, external radiation are the available options. (mdpi.com)
  • Elevated expression of Survivin in tumours is generally associated with poor prognosis, increased cancer recurrence and resistance to therapy, both radiation and chemotherapy. (justia.com)
  • She underwent sigmoidectomy and was then treated with chemotherapy, with substantial regression of the liver metastasis. (doctorsmedicalopinion.com)
  • 9 months after the begininig of the chemotherapy she underwent surgical excision of some of the liver metastasis and radio-frequency ablation of additional metastasis. (doctorsmedicalopinion.com)
  • [ 3 - 5 ] Metastatic spread to the liver may be accompanied by a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, from asymptomatic disease incidentally discovered during radiologic workup for other reasons, to debilitating symptoms caused by acid hypersecretion, serotonin syndrome, or carcinoid syndrome. (oaepublish.com)
  • Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is another option for palliative therapy since most of the blood supply to the metastatic site comes from the arteries. (cancertreatmentjournal.com)
  • 11 Lee EJ, Chung HW, Jo JH, So Y. Radioembolization for the treatment of primary and metastatic liver cancers. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Intrahepatic bile duct cancer may be relatively indolent and difficult to clinically differentiate from metastatic adenocarcinoma deposits in the liver. (tri-kobe.org)
  • Debulking surgery, which involves removal of the majority of liver lesions, can release the tumor burden and help in controlling symptoms. (cancertreatmentjournal.com)
  • Radioembolization of hepatic lesions from a radiobiology and dosimetric perspective. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Slow growth of primary lesions. (cancer.gov)
  • Transarterial bland embolization (TAE, also known as HAE) is a catheter-based tumor treatment of the liver. (wikipedia.org)
  • The occlusion by embolic particles results in tumor hypoxia and necrosis, without affecting the normal hepatic parenchyma. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] When evaluating a patient for embolization, both the severity of the underlying liver disease and the extent of the tumor being treated should be considered. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although selective embolization of a solitary well circumscribed HCC in a patient with Child Class B cirrhosis might be well tolerated, embolization of a hemi-liver in a Child A patient with multifocal hepatoma involving more than 75% of the liver and with portal vein tumor thrombus may result in hepatic failure and severe death. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, performance status (PS) and resection of the primary tumor were observed to influence mOS. (cancerindex.org)
  • The Child-Pugh nominal liver staging system is the most accurate in predicting survival of patients with unresectable HCC treated with TACE and TAE. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our survey showed the clinical benefit and safety of STZ therapy for Japanese patients with unresectable NET. (cancerindex.org)
  • With the growing use of 177 Lu-DOTATATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), there are many unanswered questions regarding patient selection. (snmjournals.org)
  • In highly selected cases, liver transplantation and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy are considered. (oaepublish.com)
  • Transarterially administered gene therapy for primary and secondary liver malignancies. (aetna.com)
  • Research reporting standards for radioembolization of hepatic malignancies. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Radioembolization with 90 yttrium microspheres: a state-of-the-art brachytherapy treatment for primary and secondary liver malignancies. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Radioembolization of secondary hepatic malignancies. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Angiographic liver-directed techniques, such as transarterial embolization/chemoembolization and selective internal radiation therapy, offer excellent palliation for patients with liver-predominant disease. (oaepublish.com)
  • The majority of patients with HCC have underlying liver disease with resultant cirrhosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Patients with normal liver function and, presumably, normal hepatic parenchyma may undergo resection of 75% to 80% of their liver without developing postoperative hepatic failure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Patients with Child-Pugh class C cirrhosis may be more likely to die of their underlying liver disease than of their HCC and are unlikely to tolerate arterial embolization well and therefore, embolization therapy is only indicated in patients with Child A or B cirrhosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1999, Llovet et al, proposed the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging classification as a means of both classifying patients and linking their stage to a specific treatment. (wikipedia.org)
  • In any case, the vast majority of patients with hepatic involvement will die of liver failure. (oaepublish.com)
  • Antimicrobial therapy is a mainstay of the management for patients with acute cholangitis and/or cholecystitis. (researchgate.net)
  • Although 80% of the patients experienced recurrence within 5 years after resection, the outcome of liver resection was still better when compared to other treatments 3 . (cancertreatmentjournal.com)
  • As pegylated liposomal formulation: In combination with bortezomib for the treatment of progressive cases in patients who have undergone or are unsuitable for a bone marrow transplant and who have received at least 1 prior therapy: 30 mg/m 2 on day 4 of the bortezomib 3 week regimen given via infusion over 60 minutes immediately after bortezomib infusion. (azurewebsites.net)
  • To evaluate this hypothesis we registered the present phase II clinical trial to assess the benefit of preoperative chemo therapy followed by hepatectomy in potentially resectable UICC7 Stage IIIA and IIIB HCC patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1381 patients had PD at first-line therapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Walking with patients through this journey from start to finish, and offering therapy and guidance along the way, is a source of professional and personal satisfaction for me. (rochester.edu)
  • Thrombolytic therapy may be useful acutely in certain patients. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The role of staging laparoscopy in primary gall bladder cancer--an analysis of 409 patients: a prospective study to evaluate the role of staging laparoscopy in the management of gallbladder cancer. (cancercentrum.se)
  • The value of F-18 FDG PET in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma using visual and semiquantitative analysis. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Bile duct cancer may occur more frequently in patients with a history of primary sclerosing cholangitis, chronic ulcerative colitis, choledochal cysts, or infections with the liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis . (tri-kobe.org)
  • 20 - 25 ] A major pooled analysis evaluating the impact of T and N stage and treatment on survival and relapse in patients with rectal cancer who are treated with adjuvant therapy confirmed these findings. (cancer.gov)
  • Conclusions: In feline patients with CKD, beraprost therapy was associated with better overall survival. (preprints.org)
  • Pre-operative use as a bridge to orthotopic liver transplantation for HCC. (aetna.com)
  • I have expertise in novel therapies for acute myeloid leukemia, stem cell mobilization and homing, as well as stem cell transplantation. (rochester.edu)
  • Yttrium-90 hepatic radioembolization: clinical review and current techniques in interventional radiology and personalized dosimetry. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Almost all rectal cancers are primary adenocarcinomas (see the images below). (medscape.com)
  • Aetna considers continuation of carfilzomib (Kyprolis) therapy medically necessary for members requesting reauthorization for an indication listed in Section I when there is no evidence of unacceptable toxicity or disease progression while on the current regimen. (aetna.com)
  • This Clinical Policy Bulletin addresses treatment approaches for liver and other neoplasms. (aetna.com)
  • In the light of such values and of the clinical picture, the specialist confirmed the current therapy with Tapazole (2 tablets daily) suggesting therapeutic dosage of 131 Iodine after examination at nuclear medicine department. (doctorsmedicalopinion.com)
  • Palliative measures such as resection, radiation therapy (e.g., brachytherapy or external-beam radiation therapy), or stenting procedures may maintain adequate biliary drainage and allow for improved quality of life. (tri-kobe.org)
  • As conventional formulation: As a component of adjuvant therapy (multi-agent) in women with axillary lymph node involvement following resection of primary breast cancer: In combination with cyclophosphamide: 60 mg/m 2 on day 1 of each 21-day treatment cycle, for a total of 4 cycles. (azurewebsites.net)
  • Antisense Therapy Specific to Mutated K- ras Gene in Hamster Pancreatic Cancer Model. (iiarjournals.org)
  • The hilum is the region where the right and left hepatic ducts exit the liver and join to form the common hepatic duct that is proximal to the origin of the cystic duct. (tri-kobe.org)
  • He serves as Chief of Nuclear Medicine at the San Francisco VA Medical Center and as chair of the Cancer Center's Molecular Imaging & Radionuclide Therapy Site Committee. (ucsf.edu)
  • Highly aggressive, poorly differentiated neoplasms were defined as Grade-3 neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) when originating from the gastrointestinal tract, or as small- or large-cell NECs when appearing in the lung. (oaepublish.com)
  • Management strategies of LM are heterogeneous and range from systemic therapy to liver-directed procedures. (oaepublish.com)
  • Positron emission tomography (PET)/CT colonography is valuable in the evaluation of extracolonic and hepatic disease. (medscape.com)
  • The cohort was divided into "beraprost therapy" and "no beraprost therapy" groups, and survival analyses revealed that overall survival was significantly longer in the beraprost therapy group, using Kaplan-Meier curves (P = 0.004). (preprints.org)
  • The biliary system consists of a network of ducts that carry bile from the liver to the small bowel and is classified by its anatomic location (Figure 1 ). (tri-kobe.org)
  • According to American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines, there is no differences between TAE and TACE. (wikipedia.org)
  • The role of radiotherapy and chemoradiation in the management of primary liver tumours. (cancercentrum.se)
  • The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit with severe diabetic ketoacidosis which needed aggressive fluid resuscitation and insulin therapy. (cancerindex.org)