• Ritonavir treatment increased plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels through increased fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis in adipose and liver. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, the adverse lipid abnormalities associated with protease inhibitor therapy are caused by the constitutive induction of lipid biosynthesis in liver and adipose tissues due to the accumulation of activated SREBP in the nucleus. (nih.gov)
  • The researchers evaluated hepatic fatty acids, cholesterol biosynthesis, adipocytokines, and gene expression microarray analysis of the liver and adipose tissue from both mothers and offspring. (medscape.com)
  • ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Chaihu Shugan powder (CSP) plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through a variety of biological mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
  • Children with severe obesity are at greater risk than others for hypertension, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, and adult obesity. (jomes.org)
  • Pediatric obesity is associated with numerous comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obstructive sleep apnea, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and psychiatric problems in childhood. (jomes.org)
  • It is well established that excessive drinking accelerates intrahepatic lipid biosynthesis, enhances uptake of fatty acids by the liver from the plasma and impairs hepatic secretion of lipoproteins. (nebraska.edu)
  • All the latter contribute to alcohol-induced fatty liver (steatosis). (nebraska.edu)
  • 2) Chronic alcohol consumption subverts this fat-burning function by slowing lipophagy while accelerating lipogenesis, both contributing to fatty liver. (nebraska.edu)
  • Unlike other vertebrates, liver is the main site of lipid biosynthesis and is particularly very active in egg laying adult females. (virascience.com)
  • When hepatic lipogenesis exceeds the capacity of fat transport as lipoproteins, triacylglycerols commence to accumulate in the liver, leading to fatty liver syndrome. (virascience.com)
  • 4. Up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-alpha) and PPAR-gamma messenger ribonucleic acid expression in the liver in murine obesity: troglitazone induces expression of PPAR-gamma-responsive adipose tissue-specific genes in the liver of obese diabetic mice. (nih.gov)
  • 6. Altered expression of transcription factors and genes regulating lipogenesis in liver and adipose tissue of mice with high fat diet-induced obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (nih.gov)
  • 15. Liver-specific inhibition of ChREBP improves hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in ob/ob mice. (nih.gov)
  • 16. Luteolin attenuates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance through the interplay between the liver and adipose tissue in mice with diet-induced obesity. (nih.gov)
  • In ruminants, unsaturated dietary fatty acids are biohydrogenated in the rumen and are further metabolised in various tissues, including liver, which has an important role in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, manipulation of muscle fatty acid composition should take into account liver metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Liver fatty acid composition, mRNA levels of enzymes and transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism, as well as the plasma lipid profile, were assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In spite of similar plasma non-esterified fatty acids levels, liver triacylglycerols content was higher in Barrosã than in Alentejana bulls. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, the fatty acid composition of liver was clearly distinct from the remaining tissues involved in fatty acid metabolism of ruminants, as shown by Principal Components Analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results indicate that DGAT1 , ELOVL2 , FADS1 and FADS2 genes influence the fatty acid composition of the liver the most. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results indicate that liver plays an important role in the biosynthesis of n-3 LC-PUFA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite the predominant role of adipose tissue in ruminant's de novo fatty acid synthesis, the liver also plays an important role in ruminant lipid metabolism [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Uptake of NEFA is the predominant route by which fatty acids are supplied to the liver [ 3 ] and, thus, plasma lipid fatty acid composition should influence the liver fatty acid metabolism and composition [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • May 2017) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was not originally included in metabolic syndrome manifestations. (totalhealthmagazine.com)
  • From 15 to 33 percent of the worldwide population is estimated to suffer from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. (totalhealthmagazine.com)
  • According to some authorities, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. (totalhealthmagazine.com)
  • Our findings further indicate that geniposide and aucubin active components of EUE may be therapeutic candidates for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. (bioshockinfinitereleasedate.com)
  • Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly recognized form of chronic liver disease that can progress to end-stage liver disease [1] [2]. (bioshockinfinitereleasedate.com)
  • Conclusion: This study suggests that hepatic iron loading increases liver cholesterol synthesis and provides a new and potentially important additional mechanism by which iron could contribute to the development of fatty liver disease or lipotoxicity. (edu.au)
  • Wikipedia) De novo biosynthesis of triglycerides is also known as the phosphatidic acid pathway, and it is mainly associated with the liver and adipose tissue. (smpdb.ca)
  • In Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), a group of conditions that are characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver and closely track the global public health problem of obesity, researchers showed that inhibiting gut-derived serotonin synthesis could resolve hepatic fat accumulation 8,9 . (countlesssheep.com)
  • Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver . (lookformedical.com)
  • Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS . (lookformedical.com)
  • Most often in many individuals with liver diseases, the hepatic function can be normal. (springeropen.com)
  • Within the liver, the chylomicron remnant is decomposed to its amino acids and component lipids. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in developed countries, contributing to ∼24% of cases worldwide and includes non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • 1 , 4 Hepatic stellate cells are another important cell present in the liver and represent 5-8% of the volume of the liver. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • They are located between sinusoidal endothelial and liver epithelial cells and act as a reservoir of vitamin A. 5 Kupffer cells are immune cells of the liver that clear endotoxins and provide a rapid response to hepatic damage and aging red blood cells. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • C57BL/6 mice were fed a chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks to induce fatty liver. (huji.ac.il)
  • In these mice, RS-2982 significantly reduced hepatic lipotoxicity, reduced liver fibrosis, increased insulin resistance, and reduced body weight compared with mice injected with vehicle. (huji.ac.il)
  • Mice fed an HFD or atherogenic diet given injections of RS-2982 had reduced hepatic lipotoxicity, liver fibrosis, and body weight compared with mice given the vehicle. (huji.ac.il)
  • It is believed that Astragalus treatment may cause significant improvement among patients with alcohol-induced fatty liver, so much so that it can help reverse liver damage. (gallbladderattack.com)
  • SA provoked increased serum activities of liver enzymes, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and caused severely altered morphology of hepatic and colonic tissues with increased frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCEs/1000PCE) in the bone marrow. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Under postprandial conditions, especially after carbohydrate ingestion, Acetyl-CoA levels increase due increase glycolysis and pyruvate formation increasing the level of Malonyl-CoA, which, besides promoting fatty acid synthesis, also inhibits CPT I, and therefore, fatty acid oxidation ( 15 , 16 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Chronic intraperitoneal administration of aMT affects physiological hepatic parameters in rats, such as TDO activity and stromal fatty acid composition, whilst no observable effect is demonstrable with respect to protein synthesis, nucleic acid metabolism, membrane fatty acid composition and pineal indole biosynthesis. (ru.ac.za)
  • This organ carries out central metabolic functions in various aspects of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, such as uptake, oxidation and metabolic conversion of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), synthesis of cholesterol and phospholipids, and formation and secretion of specific classes of lipoproteins [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have investigated the effects of estrogen on three key regulatory enzymes in lipid biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase, the major regulatory enzyme in cholesterol and isoprenoid synthesis, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase, which regulate fatty acid biosynthesis. (illinois.edu)
  • The estrogen-induced increase of fatty acid synthesis is paralleled by a 16- to 20-fold increase of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity, indicating that estrogen regulates fatty acid synthesis at the level of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. (illinois.edu)
  • To evaluate the mechanism underlying the protective role of RSG on PA-induced lipotoxicity, the present study analyzed the effects of RSG on PA uptake, and the expression of genes associated with both fatty acid oxidation and triglyceride synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We sought to clarify the role of iron in lipid metabolism by studying the effects of iron status on hepatic cholesterol synthesis in mice with differing iron status. (edu.au)
  • Transcripts of genes involved in bile acid synthesis, transport, or regulation did not increase with increasing hepatic iron. (edu.au)
  • Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c and SREBP-2 regulate the expression of genes involved in hepatic fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, respectively [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of FATTY ACIDS from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA derivatives. (lookformedical.com)
  • This first characterization of the prostate cancer lipidome in clinical tissues reveals enhanced fatty acid synthesis, elongation, and desaturation as tumor-defining features, with potential for therapeutic targeting. (biomed.news)
  • In mice fed an HFD or atherogenic diet, injections of RS-2982 increased hepatic levels of MIR122 precursors and reduced hepatic synthesis of triglycerides by reducing expression of biosynthesis enzymes. (huji.ac.il)
  • Thus, citric acid cycle intermedi- ates are not used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and are shuttled out of the mitochondria, providing precursors for nucleotide, amino acid, and lipid synthesis path- ways for the dividing cell [13]. (who.int)
  • CLA is produced naturally in the digestive tract of ruminants such as cattle, goats, sheep, buffalo, and to a lesser degree in pigs, chickens and turkeys, and the synthesis occur due to fermentative bacteria, Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens , which isomerize the linoleic acid in CLA or by synthesis via α9-desaturase of 11- trans octadecanoic acid [ 14 ]. (gpni.fit)
  • Dr. Murphy poses the question of whether gestational conditions could set the stage for obesity later in life, noting that "[t]he results [of this study] suggest that in utero exposure to bile acids results in a reprogramming of metabolism that is fully realized under conditions of suboptimal nutritional intake, which may or may not occur later in life, depending on behavior. (medscape.com)
  • Other CYP forms have major roles in steroid, sterol, and bile acid metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • Lipoic acid is added as a potent antioxidant to protect against the elevated levels of free radicals produced from the increase in metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • Is hepatic lipid metabolism of beef cattle influenced by breed and dietary silage level? (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is also suggested that dietary silage level influences the hepatic fatty acid metabolism in a breed-dependent manner, through changes in the expression of genes encoding for enzymes associated with the desaturation and elongation pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to the authors, these results suggest the inhibition of α-linolenic acid metabolism by vegetable oils rich in n-3 PUFA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data suggest disturbing cholesterol homeostasis in F1B hamsters alters their response to dietary fatty acids, which is reflected in altered plasma lipoprotein patterns and regulation of genes associated with their metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that the metabolism of nucleotides, alkaloids, amino acids, amides, and organic acids in mice is closely interrelated with E. granulosus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • and phenylalanine metabolism were notably associated with the occurrence and development of hydatid disease, and in the faeces, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis are thought to be closely associated with the development of CE. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genes downregulated during ketosis included several associated with cholesterol metabolism, growth hormone signaling, proton transport, and fatty acid desaturation. (oregonstate.edu)
  • These observations provide collective evidence that therapeutic responses are primarily linked to such pathways as regulation of lipid and amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle and glycolysis, advocating therefore the development of further effective targeted therapies against a broader spectrum of TKs to treat patients whose tumors display deregulated signalling driven by these proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To start addressing this fundamental gap in our knowledge, we have carried out preliminary studies targeting hepatic retinoid metabolism and signaling in the well-fed state, in starvation, and in type 1 diabetes. (nih.gov)
  • and 2) to investigate the hepatic retinoid metabolism and signaling in type 1 diabetes. (nih.gov)
  • However, remarkably little is known about the fate of vitamin A metabolism and retinoic acid levels during such transitions. (nih.gov)
  • Based on our preliminary data, we propose to test a hypothesis that the rate of retinoic acid biosynthesis is carefully adjusted during metabolic transitions to enable proper remodeling of hepatic energy metabolism, while in type 1 diabetes this mechanism fails thereby exacerbating the disease. (nih.gov)
  • HPMC is not absorbed by the body, but its presence in the intestinal lumen increases fecal fat, sterol, and bile acid excretion and as a result changes hepatic lipid metabolism. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
  • However, in aggregate such observations give rise to the idea that while acute, but intermittent lactate exposure as occurs in physical exercise is adaptive, prolonged cellular exposure to lactate, as occurs in chronic inflammatory diseases, may be maladaptive particularly with regard to fatty acid oxidation, leading to metabolic reprograming and disease state. (frontiersin.org)
  • 5. PPARα-Deficient ob/ob Obese Mice Become More Obese and Manifest Severe Hepatic Steatosis Due to Decreased Fatty Acid Oxidation. (nih.gov)
  • The biosynthesis of DHA from α-linolenic acid is performed through alternating steps of desaturation and elongation, followed by a final step of peroxisomal β-oxidation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results demonstrated that although RSG did not affect the endocytosis of PA, it significantly elevated the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-1A, a key enzyme involved in fatty acid oxidation, which indicated that the protective effect of RSG may have an important role in fatty acid oxidation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results indicated that RSG reduced PA-induced lipid accumulation by promoting fatty acid oxidation mediated by CPT1A. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other molecular adaptations included upregulation of genes and nuclear receptors associated with cytokine signaling, fatty acid uptake/transport, and fatty acid oxidation. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. (lookformedical.com)
  • Studies were conducted in conscious 42-h-fasted dogs to determine how much of insulin's effect on hepatic glucose uptake arises from its direct hepatic action versus its indirect (extrahepatic) action. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, both have been associated with steatosis and its progression, contributing, inter alia, to an increase in hepatic oxidative stress. (edu.au)
  • This upregulation of RA biosynthesis appears to come about as a result of an increase in hepatic retinol dehydrogenase activity, which, in turn, correlates with the increase in cellular abundance of RDH10 and changes in its subcellular localization. (nih.gov)
  • Firstly, the production of precursors such as amino acids , monosaccharides , isoprenoids and nucleotides , secondly, their activation into reactive forms using energy from ATP, and thirdly, the assembly of these precursors into complex molecules such as proteins , polysaccharides , lipids and nucleic acids . (medmuv.com)
  • A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids . (lookformedical.com)
  • A group of compounds that are derivatives of octadecanoic acid which is one of the most abundant fatty acids found in animal lipids . (lookformedical.com)
  • Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS . (lookformedical.com)
  • Notably, tumors featured higher proportions of monounsaturated lipids overall and elongated fatty acid chains in phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine lipids. (biomed.news)
  • Important for the bioenergetics of hepatic cells as it provides a carbon source for fatty acid and sterol biosyntheses, and NAD(+) for the glycolytic pathway. (nih.gov)
  • Proposed mechanisms for cellular Peptide 17 dysfunction include increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) de novo ceramide biosynthesis nitric oxide generation and caspase activation. (bioshockinfinitereleasedate.com)
  • Molecular biology experiments have conformed the decreased the gene and protein levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and other fatty acid biosynthesis related enzymes on NAFLD rats after intervention of CSP. (bvsalud.org)
  • Reduce the gene and protein expression levels of ACACA, FASN and other fatty acid biosynthesis related enzymes, thus reducing fatty acid biosynthesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • 11. Maternal obesity upregulates fatty acid and glucose transporters and increases expression of enzymes mediating fatty acid biosynthesis in fetal adipose tissue depots. (nih.gov)
  • Probe Set ID Ref Seq Protein ID Signal Strength Name Gene Symbol Species Function Swiss-Prot ID Amino Acid Sequence 1367452_at NP_598278 7.9 small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 precursor Sumo2 Rattus norvegicus " Ubiquitin-like protein that can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or as a lysine-linked polymer. (nih.gov)
  • Comparative analysis of proteins with stimulating activity on ovarian estradiol biosynthesis from four different Dioscorea species in vitro using both phenotypic and target-based approaches: implication for treating menopause. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In a clinic study about stroke patients, LPS-producing bacteria was significantly altered and the pathways about Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis proteins was correspondingly changed (8). (researchsquare.com)
  • Amino acids, proteins, and minerals can be obtained from Astragalus genus plants. (gallbladderattack.com)
  • Ritonavir treatment also resulted in hepatic steatosis and hepatomegaly. (nih.gov)
  • 2. Methionine restriction prevents the progression of hepatic steatosis in leptin-deficient obese mice. (nih.gov)
  • 8. Polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorate hepatic steatosis in obese mice by SREBP-1 suppression. (nih.gov)
  • 9. Dietary capsaicin reduces obesity-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. (nih.gov)
  • Agarwal AK, Sukumaran S, Cortes VA, Tunison K, Mizrachi D, Sankella S, Gerard RD, Horton JD, Garg A: Human 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase isoforms 1 and 2: biochemical characterization and inability to rescue hepatic steatosis in Agpat2(-/-) gene lipodystrophic mice. (smpdb.ca)
  • A study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and the ratio of linoleic:linolenic acid on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status. (virascience.com)
  • Interest in n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) has increased since it was found that their consumption in most Western populations, particularly those of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is sub-optimal for protection against the most prevalent chronic diseases [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. (smpdb.ca)
  • Second, the mitochondrial outer membrane enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase esterifies an acyl-group to the sn-1 position of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LPA). (smpdb.ca)
  • The enzyme 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase converts LPA into phosphatidic acid (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) by esterifying an acyl-group to the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. (smpdb.ca)
  • These fatty acids are not in glycerol ester form. (lookformedical.com)
  • The results of pathway and functional enrichment analysis showed that, CSP might play an anti-NAFLD role via regulating DE miRNAs related to fatty acid metabolic process. (bvsalud.org)
  • Combined with the network pharmacological analysis, it was found that the DE miRNAs might affected the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway in the treatment of NAFLD by CSP. (bvsalud.org)
  • R² = 0.015), suggesting that the increases seen in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway are independent of Srebf2. (edu.au)
  • Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed downregulation of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation, protein ubiquitination, and ubiquinone biosynthesis with ketosis. (oregonstate.edu)
  • In this study we examined the inhibition of hepatic dyslipidemia by extract (EUE). (bioshockinfinitereleasedate.com)
  • Here, the authors show that polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation, together with concomitant inhibition of lipid droplet biogenesis, induces ferroptosis in acidic cancer cells. (biomed.news)
  • Chronic lactate exposure in cardiomyocytes leads to a decrease in fatty acid transport, alterations of cardiolipin remodeling, increases in ROS production and decreases in mitochondrial oxygen consumption that could have implications for both metabolic health and flexibility. (frontiersin.org)
  • Fatty acids in their CoA form are transported across mitochondrial inner membranes by carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and II (CPT I and CPT II). (frontiersin.org)
  • Acetyl-L-carnitine is a mitochondrial metabolite that facilitates the movement of fatty acids into the mitochondria for energy and is also used to generate acetyl coenzyme A. '-Lipoic acid is a coenzyme involved in mitochondrial ATP production and its reduced form can recycle other antioxidants. (nih.gov)
  • CONCLUSIONS: CSP can significantly reduce hepatic lipid accumulation of NAFLD rat model induced by HFD, and its mechanism may be through the action of 15 miRNAs such as miR-34a-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-20b-5p and miR-142-3p. (bvsalud.org)
  • Philipp, BW & Shapiro, DJ 1981, ' Estrogen regulation of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in Xenopus laevis ', Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol. 256, no. 6, pp. 2922-2927. (illinois.edu)
  • DMI increases N-acetylserotonin levels and reduces the output of methoxyindole acetic acid and meth6xytryptophol. (ru.ac.za)
  • In grazing ruminants, α-linolenic acid content of muscles increases with the concomitant increase in n-3 LC-PUFA contents [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • alleviates antibiotic-associated diarrhea, modifies intestinal microbiota, and increases the level of short-chain fatty acids in mice. (medlineplus.gov)
  • HYDROGENATION of unsaturated fatty acids increases the trans content. (lookformedical.com)
  • The therapeutic effects of CSP on NAFLD were evaluated by physiological, biochemical and pathological analysis and hepatic surface microcirculation perfusion test. (bvsalud.org)
  • This procedure enables researchers to evaluate metabolic substrate utilization into central carbon metabolic pathways (i.e., glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle) by specific T-cell subpopulations in the context of physiological immune responses in vivo. (biomed.news)
  • However, in animals and humans deficient in Vitamin K, the pharamacological action of Vitamin K is related to its normal physiological function, that is, to promote the hepatic biosynthesis of Vitamin K dependent clotting factors. (nih.gov)
  • 7. Functional comparison of esterified and free forms of conjugated linoleic acid in high-fat-diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. (nih.gov)
  • Since En genes are implicated in cell-cell interactions mediated by Wnt genes, we examined En-2/En-2 mutant mice, finding normal Wnt-3 expression, indicating that the effect of granule cells on the maintenance of Wnt-3 is not mediated by En-2. (indexindex.com)
  • Cholesterol released from lysosomes in hepatocytes can be excreted into bile, converted into bile acids, incorporated into VLDL for secretion into the blood via the Golgi apparatus or esterified with long-chain fatty acids and stored in the hepatocyte. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
  • A report that '-lipoic acid treatment partially but significantly reversed diabetes in streptozotocin diabetic rats (Kumar & Prashanth, 2004). (nih.gov)
  • Indigenous spore-forming bacteria ( Sp ) promote serotonin biosynthesis in our enterochromaffin cells, and with that they can significantly modulate GI movements and platelet function - together with many aspects of our physiology 17,18 . (countlesssheep.com)
  • However, cotreatment with SSO demonstrated protective activities against SA-induced damage, as indicated by significantly reduced serum ALT and AST, fewer micronucleated bone marrow erythrocytes and well-preserved hepatic and colonic morphologies compared to the SA-treated rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interluekin-6 concentration was significantly correlated with dietary carbohydrate (r = 0.15), saturated fatty acid (r = 0.15) and glycaemic load (r = 0.15). (who.int)
  • cell death through the rules of BAX and related cathepsin B-induced cell Peptide 17 loss of life in hepatic cells an lipotoxicity model. (bioshockinfinitereleasedate.com)
  • To testify the hypothesis of Chlorogenic acids (CGA) in green coffee bean extract (GCE) has blood pressure-lowering effect on spontaneously hypertensive rats and humans , scientists examined the efficiency and safety of CGA in patients with mild hypertension through a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. (plantextractpowder.com)
  • This study indicated that lipoic acid is 10 times more acutely toxic to cats than in humans, dogs, or rats. (nih.gov)
  • A report that combined lipoic acid and dimercaptosuccinic acid provided therapeutic benefits to reduce renal damage from lead acetate in male Wistar rats (Sivaprasad et al . (nih.gov)
  • Behr C, Slopianka M, Haake V, Strauss V, Sperber S, Kamp H, Walk T, Beekmann K, Rietjens IMCM, van Ravenzwaay B (2019): Analysis of metabolome changes in the bile acid pool in feces and plasma of antibiotic-treated rats. (basf.com)
  • When hepatic microsomes from untreated rats were incubated under nitrogen at 4°C for 24 hours with 0.07% steapsin, about 25 percent of the P-450 hemoprotein was solubilized as P-420 hemoprotein. (nih.gov)
  • de Bruijn V, Behr C, Sperber S, Walk T, Ternes P, Slopianka M, Haake V, Beekmann K, van Ravenzwaay B (2020): Antibiotic-induced changes in microbiome-related metabolites and bile acids in rat plasma. (basf.com)
  • Two hundred sixteen previously molted Dekalb Delta Leghorn laying hens (78 wk of age) were utilized to determine the effect of phytase on the ileal digestibility of amino acids. (virascience.com)
  • Combining aMT with any of these two drugs normalises the activity of the hepatic enzyme. (ru.ac.za)
  • Last, the enzyme diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase synthesizes triacylglycerol from diacylglycerol and a fatty acyl-CoA. (smpdb.ca)
  • Third, our preliminary studies suggest that, in contrast to starvation, the untreated type 1 diabetes is associated with upregulation of RA biosynthesis and signaling. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast, the upregulation of hepatic RA biosynthesis and signaling in type 1 diabetes might be a harmful outcome contributing to the metabolic inflexibility associated with this disease. (nih.gov)
  • PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: In vitro assays suggest that Vitamin A derivative, retinoic acid, regulates numerous metabolic genes which undergo profound changes in expression levels during metabolic transitions such as adaptation to starvation, or in response to insufficient insulin signaling in type I diabetes. (nih.gov)
  • The plasma lipoprotein response of F1B Golden-Syrian hamsters fed diets high in very long chain (VLC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is paradoxical to that observed in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HPMC modulates plasma lipoprotein profiles and hepatic lipid levels. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
  • Importantly, our initial findings suggest the existence of a novel, previously unrecognized mechanism by which the hepatic RA biosynthesis is regulated through adjustments in subcellular localization and cellular abundance of retinol dehydrogenase 10. (nih.gov)
  • To further investigate the link between ICP and future metabolic disease of offspring, the researchers developed a murine model of ICP by feeding either a normal chow diet or a diet supplemented with 0.5% cholic acid before and during gestation. (medscape.com)
  • The hepatic tissue is particularly rich in α-linolenic acid and their products of desaturation and elongation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The bioactive derivative of vitamin A, retinoic acid (RA) was shown to regulate a number of major metabolic genes including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fatty acid synthase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, and glucokinase among others. (nih.gov)
  • During the latter, somatostatin, basal intraportal glucagon, portal glucose (21.3 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)), and peripheral glucose (to double the hepatic glucose load) were infused. (nih.gov)
  • The response of F1B hamsters to dietary very long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC n-3 PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is dependent on cholesterol status and in some cases has been reported to be paradoxical to that observed in humans [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The increased rate of reduction of HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid is not due to activation of pre-existing HMF-CoA reductase by dephosphorylation, as the fold induction is unchanged when reductase from control and estrogen-stimulated animals is fully activated prior to assay. (illinois.edu)
  • Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid and linoleic:linolenic acid ratio on polyunsaturated fatty acid status in laying hens. (virascience.com)
  • Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is highly found in fats from ruminants and it appears to favorably modify the body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors. (gpni.fit)
  • One of these substances is conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) - a fatty acid which presents a linoleic acid isomer (C18:2, n-6) and has been considered an antiobesity agent, and can be useful in the weight reduction process [ 7 ]. (gpni.fit)
  • GC-MS analysis of SSO revealed that it was predominated by linoleic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid, and tocopherols. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fatty acid synthetase activity was unchanged during the induction of fatty acid biosynthesis by estrogen. (illinois.edu)
  • Fluoxetine treatment markedly reduces aMT concentrations and also brings about high levels of the 5-HT catabolites, 5-hydroxytryptophol and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid. (ru.ac.za)
  • Arterial and hepatic sinusoidal insulin levels (in picomoles per liter) during the experimental period were 31 +/- 5 and 113 +/- 15 in BI, 97 +/- 11 and 394 +/- 66 in PoI, and 111 +/- 13 and 96 +/- 9 in PeI, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • 0.05), and higher hepatic apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 and apo E protein levels. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Intrinsic hepatic phenotype associated with the Cyp1a2 gene as shown by cDNA expression microarray analysis of the knockout mouse. (nih.gov)
  • A bovine microarray platform consisting of 13,257-annotated oligonucleotides was used to study hepatic gene networks underlying nutrition-induced ketosis. (oregonstate.edu)
  • He discovered the urea cycle and later, working with Hans Kornberg , the citric acid cycle and the glyoxylate cycle. (medmuv.com)
  • 1. The administration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) causes the biosynthesis of cytochrome P:-450, a molecular species of cytochrome P-450 not normally detectable in appreciable amounts of microsomes from untreated or phenobarbital-treated animals. (nih.gov)