AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Apolipoprotein A-IApolipoproteins BApolipoproteinsLiverApolipoproteins ELipoproteins, VLDLCholesterolTriglyceridesRNA, MessengerApolipoprotein B-100Apolipoprotein E4Apolipoprotein E3Apolipoprotein C-IIIApolipoprotein A-IIApolipoprotein C-IIApolipoproteins AApolipoprotein B-48Apolipoprotein E2Apolipoprotein C-IApolipoproteins CHepatic ArteryLipoproteins, HDLLipoproteinsApoprotein(a)Hepatic VeinsLipidsLipoprotein(a)Lipoproteins, LDLApolipoproteins DReceptors, LDLCholesterol, HDLHepatic EncephalopathyAtherosclerosisMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutArteriosclerosisHepatic Stellate CellsHepatocytesPhosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-AcyltransferaseCholesterol, LDLHyperlipidemiasATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1Liver NeoplasmsReceptors, LipoproteinHyperlipoproteinemia Type IIICholesterol EstersHyperlipoproteinemiasGenotypeLipoprotein LipaseLiver CirculationHypolipoproteinemiasLipid MetabolismDietary FatsLiver DiseasesAllelesHypobetalipoproteinemiasHypertriglyceridemiaChylomicronsFatty LiverLipaseCholesterol, VLDLMolecular Sequence DataLipoproteins, IDLHypercholesterolemiaHyperlipoproteinemia Type IIPolymorphism, GeneticMice, TransgenicBase SequencePhospholipidsClusterinLiver CirrhosisDisease Models, AnimalKineticsAlzheimer DiseaseDiet, AtherogenicAortaCholesterol, DietaryCells, CulturedKringlesATP-Binding Cassette TransportersHyperlipidemia, Familial CombinedTime FactorsGene Expression RegulationTangier DiseaseHeterozygoteHepatectomyElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelAmino Acid SequencePhenotypeCarcinoma, HepatocellularHigh-Density Lipoproteins, Pre-betaCholesterol Ester Transfer ProteinsMacrophagesCarrier ProteinsDimyristoylphosphatidylcholineMicrosomes, LiverRats, Inbred StrainsCytidine DeaminaseHyperlipoproteinemia Type IVParticle Size
SteatosisLipaseApoEVLDLHigh density lipoprotein choDecrease in hepaticLipoproteinsAtherosclerosisLiverGenesSerumSynthesisSecretionLipidsNovo lipogenesisApoBTriglyceridesLipid accumulationTriglycerideMetabolismMiceCholesterolMRNAAntibodyTRLsHumansEnzymeSignificantlyIsoformsPostprandialPathwayHepatocytesParticlesFHBLLevelsCoronaryExpressionCellsSpecificComposition
Steatosis7
  • It is known that diabetes, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in particular, is often associated with hepatic accumulation of triglycerides in both rodents and humans, which might eventually lead to the development of hepatic steatosis or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [ 14 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Orosomucoid and serum amyloid A2 were upregulated (to variable extents depending on the genetic background) in the absence of hepatic steatosis and inflammation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Studies have shown that decreased mitochondrial content and function are associated with hepatic steatosis. (eurekamag.com)
  • Diminazene Aceturate Stabilizes Atherosclerotic Plaque and Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis in apoE-Knockout Mice by Influencing Macrophages Polarization and Taurine Biosynthesis. (krakow.pl)
  • Inhibition of atherosclerosis and liver steatosis by agmatine in western diet-fed apoE-knockout mice is associated with decrease in hepatic de novo lipogenesis and reduction in plasma triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. (krakow.pl)
  • called hepatic steatosis or fatty liver. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Previous mouse studies suggest that electronic cigarette exposure plus a Western diet triggers oxidative stress leading to increased lipid peroxidation and hepatic steatosis, according to Dr. Theodore Friedman of Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science in Los Angeles. (medscape.com)
Lipase5
  • APOE is also involved in the formation of chylomicrons and VLDL and affects the activity of other lipid metabolism-associated proteins and enzymes, such as hepatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase. (dovepress.com)
  • ApoC-III impairs the lipolysis of TRLs [triacylglycerol (triglyceride)-rich lipoproteins] by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase and the hepatic uptake of TRLs by remnant receptors. (portlandpress.com)
  • Abdominal fat pad weights were significantly higher in the ad lib as compared to restricted birds following photo-stimulation and the expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in this tissue showed a similar pattern of expression to that observed for the hepatic lipogenic enzyme genes. (usda.gov)
  • Methods: Twenty-one healthy volunteers participated in a 2 week double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effect of the protease inhibitor ritonavir on total lipids, apolipoproteins, and post-heparin plasma lipase activities. (elsevierpure.com)
  • or by hydrolysis of HDL2 phospholipid and triacylglycerol by hepatic lipase. (vondellhenderson.com)
ApoE7
  • Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is an important determinant for tile uptake of triglyceride-rich emulsions and lipuproteins hy the liver, and exerts affinity for both the LDL receptor (LDLr) and a distinct liver-specific recognition site. (zhangqiaokeyan.com)
  • Using DNA microarrays, hepatic gene expression was analysed in apoE-deficient mice fed one of two isoenergetic, isonitrogenous diets containing either 10 % (w/w) olive oil or unsaponifiable fraction-enriched olive oil. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a lipid-transport protein abundantly expressed in most neurons in the central nervous system. (dovepress.com)
  • The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is located on chromosome 19 and encodes a glycoprotein that is 299 amino acids long. (dovepress.com)
  • These miRNA independent variants even replicate and produce infectious particles in non-hepatic cells after exogenous delivery of apolipoprotein E (ApoE). (columbia.edu)
  • Studies in apoE (apolipoprotein E)-null mice have revealed that the serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor myriocin reduces plasma levels of sphingomyelin, ceramide, sphingosine-I-phosphate and glycosphingolipids and that this is associated with potent inhibition of atherosclerosis. (bepress.com)
  • Interestingly, hepatic apoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I) synthesis and plasma HDL (high-density lipoprotein)cholesterol levels were also increased in apoE-null mice treated with myriocin. (bepress.com)
VLDL8
  • Recent evidences suggest an intracellular role for Apo-CIII in promoting the assembly and secretion of triglyceride-rich VLDL particles from hepatic cells under lipid-rich conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, two naturally occurring point mutations in human apoC3 coding sequence, namely Ala23Thr and Lys58Glu have been shown to abolish the intracellular assembly and secretion of triglyceride-rich VLDL particles from hepatic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Independent Regulatory Effects of Adiponectin, Insulin Resistance, and Fat Compartments on VLDL Apolipoprotein B-100 Kinetics? (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Apolipoprotein B binds to specific receptors on cell membranes and is involved in removal of LDL and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol from circulation. (thermofisher.com)
  • In the metabolic syndrome, increased apoC-III concentration, resulting from hepatic overproduction of VLDL (very-LDL) apoC-III, is strongly associated with delayed catabolism of triacylglycerols and TRLs. (portlandpress.com)
  • PGC-1α overexpression in hepatocytes lowered expression of genes critical to VLDL assembly and secretion (apolipoprotein B and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein). (eurekamag.com)
  • Results: Those taking ritonavir (n = 11) had significantly higher levels of plasma triglyceride, VLDL cholesterol, IDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein (a) compared with placebo (n = 8). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Among 92 plasma proteins and 135 lipid subspecies quantified with mass spectrometry, it correlated inversely with zinc-a-2-glycoprotein and positively with afamin, complement factor H, VLDL-associated apolipoproteins, and lipid subspecies containing monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids. (kcl.ac.uk)
High density lipoprotein cho1
Decrease in hepatic1
  • This hypothesis was further supported by a recent study demonstrating a marked improvement in postprandial muscle glycogen synthesis and a decrease in hepatic DNL after reversal of muscle insulin resistance with a single bout of exercise in young, insulin-resistant individuals ( 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Lipoproteins4
  • Other apolipoproteins (A, C, D, E, and their subtypes) are soluble and are exchanged between lipoproteins during metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • Apolipoprotein B (apo B) in human plasma is a major protein of low density lipoproteins (LDL) with a molecular mass of approximately 260-500 kDa. (thermofisher.com)
  • Apolipoprotein B is mostly synthesized in the liver, and is a major apolipoprotein of very low density, intermediate density and low density lipoproteins (LDL) as well as being a major component of lipoprotein (a). (thermofisher.com)
  • The severity of the condition largely depends on the length of these two versions of apolipoprotein B. Severely shortened versions cannot partner with lipoproteins and transport fats and cholesterol . (medlineplus.gov)
Atherosclerosis2
  • Apolipoprotein B is a ligand for the LDL receptor and elevated levels are associated with premature atherosclerosis. (thermofisher.com)
  • Increasing vitamin K intake has been shown to increase carboxylation of extra-hepatic VKD proteins in apparently healthy adults, as well as those with osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. (vitamindwiki.com)
Liver7
  • For instance, in rats fed with fructose, hepatic AR is significantly upregulated, which is associated with impaired activation of Stat3 and suppressed activity of PPAR α in the liver [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Adenoviral transduction of rats with PGC-1α resulted in a liver-specific increase in PGC-1α expression and produced an in vivo liver phenotype of increased FAO via increased mitochondrial function that also resulted in reduced hepatic TAG storage and decreased plasma TAG levels. (eurekamag.com)
  • One month after a single intravenous dose of rApoAI-PBGDms, the protein was still detectable in the liver, and hepatic PBGD activity remained increased above control values. (unav.edu)
  • Hepatic Cell News is an online resource covering the top research on hepatocytes and liver diseases. (stemcellsciencenews.com)
  • To investigate, Dr. Friedman and his colleagues studied mice missing the gene for apolipoprotein E, which makes them more prone to heart disease and fat in the liver. (medscape.com)
  • In liver samples, they observed that e-cigarette exposure led to hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress, as well as a significant increase in hepatic expression of p53, a known inducer of insulin resistance and NAFLD. (medscape.com)
  • Hepatic RNA sequence analysis revealed changes in 433 genes associated with fatty liver development and progression in the mice exposed to e-cigarettes and the Western diet compared with saline exposed mice. (medscape.com)
Genes4
  • Microarray analysis of hepatic genes differentially expressed in the presence of the unsaponifiable fraction of olive oil in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These effects on lipoprotein metabolism may be exerted through specific modulation of the expression of the LDL receptor and apolipoprotein B genes. (cambridge.org)
  • Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in conjunction with capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence detection (RT-PCR/CE-LIF) was used to quantify hepatic expression of specific genes relative to that of b-actin in total RNA samples. (usda.gov)
  • Hepatic expression of fatty acid binding protein (FABP), very low density apolipoprotein II (ApoVLDL-II) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) genes increased in both ad lib and restricted breeders following photo-stimulation, whereas apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) gene expression declined in both groups. (usda.gov)
Serum4
  • We previously demonstrated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice that deficiency or inhibition of aldose reductase (AR) caused significant dephosphorylation of hepatic transcriptional factor PPAR α , leading to its activation and significant reductions in serum lipid levels. (hindawi.com)
  • Herein, we report that inhibition of AR by zopolrestat or by a short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) against AR caused a significant reduction in serum and hepatic triglycerides levels in 10-week old diabetic db/db mice. (hindawi.com)
  • Recently, we demonstrated that deficiency or inhibition of AR caused significant dephosphorylation of hepatic PPAR α , leading to the activation of this transcriptional factor as well significant reduction in serum TG levels in streptozotocin-(STZ-) diabetic mice, an experimental model for type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Our data suggest that inhibition of AR in the T2DM db/db mice led to significant activation in hepatic PPAR α and significant reductions in serum triglycerides (TG) and hepatic TG, suggesting that under hyperglycemia, AR/the polyol pathway might be greatly upregulated to contribute significantly to the hepatic regulation of TG metabolism and the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). (hindawi.com)
Synthesis2
  • In young, normal weight, healthy individuals, muscle insulin resistance has been proposed to be an important predisposing factor for atherogenic dyslipidemia and NAFLD by changing the pattern of energy storage from ingested carbohydrate away from skeletal muscle glycogen synthesis into hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), resulting in an increase in plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations and increased hepatic TG synthesis ( 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The present study was designed to test the hypothesis, based on observations of decreased apolipoprotein B (ApoB) synthesis and secretion in vitro, that ACTH administration inhibits the postprandial output of ApoB in man. (reading.ac.uk)
Secretion1
  • In conclusion, overexpression of hepatic PGC-1α and subsequent increases in FAO through elevated mitochondrial content and/or function result in reduced TAG storage and secretion in the in vitro and in vivo milieu. (eurekamag.com)
Lipids1
  • A deviation from the normal concentration in blood of an apolipoprotein, i.e., of a protein that binds lipids to form lipoprotein and is thereby responsible for the transport of lipids in the blood and lymph circulation. (nih.gov)
Novo lipogenesis1
  • We examined the hypothesis that muscle insulin resistance in healthy aging promotes increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and hyperlipidemia by altering the distribution pattern of postprandial energy storage. (diabetesjournals.org)
ApoB2
  • Normal plasma apolipoprotein B levels are around 800mg/L. Apolipoprotein B occurs in plasma as two main isoforms, apoB-48 and apoB-100. (thermofisher.com)
  • Most APOB gene mutations that lead to FHBL cause both versions of apolipoprotein B to be abnormally short. (medlineplus.gov)
Triglycerides2
Lipid accumulation1
  • Furthermore, we wanted to determine how changes in AR activity might affect the hepatic lipid accumulation in the db/db mice. (hindawi.com)
Triglyceride1
  • it is thought to inhibit hepatic uptake of triglyceride-rich particles. (wikipedia.org)
Metabolism4
Mice3
  • Meanwhile, hyperglycemia-induced phosphorylation of hepatic ERK1/2 and PPAR α was significantly attenuated in db/db mice treated with zopolrestat or AR shRNA. (hindawi.com)
  • The hypothesis that the unsaponifiable fraction of olive oil dramatically influences hepatic gene expression was tested in mice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cell Death & Disease] Investigators found the C-type lectins including Colec10 and Colec11 were not produced by hepatocytes but predominantly produced by hepatic stellate cells, especially quiescent ones in the mice livers. (stemcellsciencenews.com)
Cholesterol2
MRNA2
  • Hepatic LDL-receptor mRNA concentrations were significantly decreased in animals fed on TP, while apolipoprotein B mRNA concentrations were significantly increased. (cambridge.org)
  • The intestinal and the hepatic forms of Apolipoprotein B are encoded by a single gene from a single, very long mRNA. (thermofisher.com)
Antibody1
  • The following product was used in this experiment: Apolipoprotein B Monoclonal Antibody (F2C9) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # MIA1609, RRID AB_11152638. (thermofisher.com)
TRLs1
  • In addition we report the presence of specific markers of TRLs of hepatic and intestinal origin in human CSF thus suggesting a potential means of cerebral Aβ delivery. (iospress.com)
Humans2
  • Apolipoprotein C-III also known as apo-CIII, and apolipoprotein C3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • even in all healthy humans tested, a significant percentage of the extra-hepatic VKD proteins, which are activated by vitamin K2, e.g., osteocalcin and matrix Gla-protein, are only partly carboxylated and therefore inactive. (vitamindwiki.com)
Enzyme1
  • By contrast, the hepatic expression of sorbitol dehydrogenase, the second enzyme for the polyol pathway, is quite high [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Significantly1
  • Hepatic leptin receptor gene expression did not differ significantly for ad lib as compared to restricted birds at any time. (usda.gov)
Isoforms1
  • Scientific Reports] Apolipoprotein isoforms were explored for their associations with HCC. (stemcellsciencenews.com)
Postprandial1
  • These results strongly support the hypothesis that muscle insulin resistance in aging promotes hyperlipidemia and NAFLD by altering the pattern of postprandial carbohydrate storage away from muscle glycogen and into hepatic DNL. (diabetesjournals.org)
Pathway1
  • Since myriocin is a known inhibitor of ERK (extracellular-signal-related kinase) phosphorylation, we assessed the possibility that myriocin may be acting to increase hepatic apoA-I production via this pathway. (bepress.com)
Hepatocytes1
  • Correction of enzymatic deficits in hepatocytes by systemic administration of a recombinant protein is a desired therapeutic goal for hepatic enzymopenic disorders such as acute intermittent porphyria ( AIP), an inherited porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) deficiency. (unav.edu)
Particles1
  • Apolipoprotein CIII is also found on HDL particles. (wikipedia.org)
FHBL1
  • Generally, the signs and symptoms of FHBL are worse if both versions of apolipoprotein B are severely shortened. (medlineplus.gov)
Levels1
  • Gemfibrozil increases levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions HDL 2 and HDL 3 , as well as apolipoproteins AI and AII. (nih.gov)
Coronary2
  • Lipoprotein(a) and apolipoproteins B and A-1 in children and coronary vascular events in their grandparents. (nih.gov)
  • Smoking, apolipoprotein E genotype, and early onset of coronary heart disease. (cdc.gov)
Expression1
  • In the Long Evans Cinnamon rats, induction of hepatic AR expression was shown to be associated with the development of hepatitis and hepatoma [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cells1
Specific1
  • ACS Nano] Researchers developed an hepatic stellate cell- and microbiome-specific delivery system for Dihydrotanshinone I by conjugating prebiotic-like cyclodextrin with vitamin A, utilizing PEG2000 as a linker. (stemcellsciencenews.com)
Composition1