Hemoglobin functional magnetic resonance. Medical search. Frequent questions

Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow. (wikipedia.org)
The central thrust behind fMRI was to extend MRI to capture functional changes in the brain caused by neuronal activity. (wikipedia.org)
Fast, low-angle shoot functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), based on the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) effect, was combined with optical recording of intrinsic signals (ORIS) and 2-deoxyglucose labeling in gerbil barrel cortex. (jneurosci.org)
Functional MRI (fMRI) is based on the same principles as MRI, but relies on the differing magnetic properties of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin (in red blood cells). (sfu.ca)
fMRIs use the same magnetic resonance imaging as MRIs, but rather than using hydrogen nuclei, fMRI takes advantage of the fact that oxygen-rich hemoglobin in the blood acts differently in a magnetic field than oxygen-poor hemoglobin. (elizabethsandelmd.com)
Comparison of group-level, source localized activity for simultaneous functional near-infrared spectroscopy-magnetoencephalography and simultaneous fNIRS-fMRI during parametric median nerve stimulation. (humanconnectome.org)
We recorded concurrent fNIRS with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in order to investigate the group-level correspondence of these measures with source-localized fNIRS estimates. (humanconnectome.org)
They used functional magnetic resonance (fMRI), a powerful brain imaging technique, to compare the brains of masochists and non-masochists. (hermessolenzol.com)
The main part of the study consisted of using functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) to image the brain of the subjects while they were viewing the pictures through goggles and received the painful laser stimulation on the hand. (hermessolenzol.com)
Furthermore, fMRI research has led to technological innovations such as ultra-high magnetic fields in MRI systems and improvements in image analysis technology. (cinet.jp)
Furthermore, findings from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies were inconsistent across studies. (frontiersin.org)
This presents a confound to the interpretation of blood-oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquired from such models, since this signal is also critically temperature-dependent. (cornell.edu)
These findings suggest that temperature increases, due to functional hyperemia, should be accounted for to ensure accurate interpretation of BOLD fMRI signals in pre-clinical neuroimaging studies. (cornell.edu)
A great advantage of functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ), compared to the methods (e.g. (pocketdentistry.com)

The current primary imaging modalities for assessing brain injuries are Computed Tomography scans (CAT or CT scans) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans (MRI scans). (elizabethsandelmd.com)
Superiority of magnetic resonance imaging in small renal mass diagnosis where image reports mismatches between computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. (urotoday.com)
Despite routine use of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), tumors remain occult in up to 50% of patients with EAS. (nih.gov)
Imaging studies, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scanning of the spine, may be more helpful in excluding other diagnoses, such as mechanical causes of myelopathy, than in assisting in the diagnosis of GBS. (medscape.com)
The guideline will provide a review of diagnostic modalities for patients with small bowel hemorrhage including VCE, endoscopic evaluation with push and/or deep enteroscopy, and radiographic modalities including cross-sectional imaging (computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)) enterography, angiography, and scintigraphy. (medscape.com)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive technique for obtaining images of brain structure. (sfu.ca)
Blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging: current and potential uses in obstetrics and gynaecology. (ox.ac.uk)
Blood-oxygenation-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive technique that has become increasingly popular in the neurosciences. (ox.ac.uk)
For instance, functional magnetic resonance imaging monitors the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast but is sensitive only to deoxygenated hemoglobin and the MRI machine is bulky. (lu.se)
To date, PA imaging has mainly been developed for measuring oxygen saturation mainly in phantoms and numerous preclinical studies in animals have exploited the oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin components to characterize tumour microenvironment. (lu.se)
A variety of imaging modalities, including structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies of cerebral metabolism, have shown characteristic changes in the brain of patients with Alzheimer disease in prodromal and even presymptomatic states. (medscape.com)
Coronal, T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in a patient with moderate Alzheimer disease. (medscape.com)
Axial, T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan reveals atrophic changes within bilateral temporal lobes with prominence of the sylvian fissures. (medscape.com)
His lab has applied magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to monitor the migration of immune cells in vivo using dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron-oxide (SPIO) particles as MRI contrast agents, and has also applied this method to detect cardiac transplant rejection in his rat model. (mirm-pitt.net)
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for characterizing renal tumors: A validation study of the algorithm presented by Cornelis et al. (urotoday.com)
Aguirre AD, Chen Y, Fujimoto JG, Ruvinskaya L, Devor A, Boas DA (2006) Depth-resolved imaging of functional activation in the rat cerebral cortex using optical coherence tomography. (springer.com)
Alonso BD, Lowe AS, Dear JP, Lee KC, Williams SC, Finnerty GT (2008) Sensory inputs from whisking movements modify cortical whisker maps visualized with functional magnetic resonance imaging. (springer.com)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed no obvious involvement of the pancreatic lymph nodes ( Fig. 1C ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Venous imaging (magnetic resonance venography, or MRV) provides the best images of venous abnormalities, including thrombosis and anomalies. (msdmanuals.com)
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is particularly valuable as a noninvasive, highly accurate method of imaging the biliary and pancreatic duct systems. (msdmanuals.com)
Tumor radiomic heterogeneity: Multiparametric functional imaging to characterize variability and predict response following cervical cancer radiation therapy. (cancerimagingarchive.net)
Ultra-early predictive assay for treatment failure using functional magnetic resonance imaging and clinical prognostic parameters in cervical cancer. (cancerimagingarchive.net)
Sequential magnetic resonance imaging of cervical cancer: the predictive value of absolute tumor volume and regression ratio measured before, during, and after radiation therapy. (cancerimagingarchive.net)
In the late 1980s, while imaging animal brains with MRI, Dr. Ogawa observed that a thread-like low signal appeared in the brain depending on the physiological state of the animal and further noticed that the signal change originated from hemoglobin in red blood cells. (cinet.jp)
Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body in both health and disease. (alchetron.com)
S imultaneous assessment of human brain functional hemodynamics by magnetic resonance and near-infrared imaging. (jeelab.net)
There was significant difference between the three groups as regard volume of infarction in Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (scirp.org)
Moreover, cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (3T) (n = 14 vs. 16) was conducted to analyze hippocampus volume, microstructure and RSFC, and neuropsychological testing was conducted to assess learning and memory (primary endpoint) at both time points. (uni-hannover.de)
Clinical assessments and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) analyses using noncontract-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Venous (MRV) techniques were also performed on 100 participants with varicose veins pre-and post-MECS use. (hilarispublisher.com)
We show that the EPI time course in functional MR imaging at 4 Tesla displays a multiphasic response in response to photic stimulation. (umn.edu)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important imaging modality in the non-invasive evaluation of cardiovascular diseases because of technological advances that facilitate the rapid acquisition of high-quality images. (ecrjournal.com)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important non-invasive imaging modality in the evaluation of cardiovascular diseases because of advances in scanner hardware, coil technology, parallel-imaging techniques and MRI sequences, all of which facilitate the rapid acquisition of high-quality images. (ecrjournal.com)
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a hybrid biomedical imaging method that exploits both acoustical and optical properties and can provide both functional and structural information. (e-ultrasonography.org)
More recent advancements in exercise stress cardiac magnetic resonance (ExeCMR) imaging, however, allows for a reliable non-invasive alternative. (biomedcentral.com)
This chapter highlights the methods based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - a mainstream approach for human neuroimaging. (pocketdentistry.com)
a type of heart imaging using a powerful magnetic field to provide very detailed images of the heart. (heartfailurematters.org)

His Hb research shows the power of combining information obtained from X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, computer modeling, molecular genetics, and functional studies to correlate the structure-dynamics-function relationship of an allosteric protein under physiological conditions at atomic resolution. (mirm-pitt.net)
Arai T, Nakao S, Mori K, Ishimori K, Morishima I, Miyazawa T, Fritz-Zieroth B (1990) Cerebral oxygen utilization analyzed by the use of oxygen-17 and its nuclear magnetic resonance. (springer.com)
Arai T, Mori K, Nakao S, Watanabe K, Kito K, Aoki M, Mori H, Morikawa S, Inubushi T (1991) In vivo oxygen-17 nuclear magnetic resonance for the estimation of cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption. (springer.com)
MRI is based upon the science of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). (alchetron.com)

Near infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) and diffuse optical tomography (DOT) are spectroscopic methods that use light in the 690-nm to 850-nm range and can monitor changes in concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin , deoxygenated hemoglobin, by using distinct absorption peaks at e.g. 850 nm and 760nm. (lu.se)
Cortical activity during the BIAT test was monitored using a functional near-infrared spectroscopy instrument. (beds.ac.uk)
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique, which uses light to measure changes in cerebral blood oxygenation through sensors placed on the surface of the scalp. (humanconnectome.org)
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a promising approach to study the presumed contribution of dysfunction within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to such difficulties. (biomedcentral.com)
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a promising method for measuring PFC activity during dual task walking [ 14 - 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we employed the verb generation task to examine augmented creative states and frontopolar cortex activation in a less-constrained setting using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). (northumbria.ac.uk)
Fast cerebral functional signal in the 100ms range detected in the visual cortex by frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy. (jeelab.net)
Detection of the fast neuronal signal on the motor cortex using functional frequency domain near infrared spectroscopy. (jeelab.net)
Functional Frequency-Domain Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Detects Fast Neuronal Signal in the Motor Cortex, NeuroImage 17(4), 1868-1875 (2002). (jeelab.net)
Different time evolution of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentration changes in the visual and motor cortices during functional stimulation: A near-infrared spectroscopy study. (jeelab.net)
Extraction of fast neuronal changes from multichannel functional near-infrared spectroscopy signals using independent component analysis. (jeelab.net)

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is used to image arteries with good diagnostic accuracy and is less invasive than conventional angiography. (msdmanuals.com)
There was no significant difference between the three groups as regard presence of significant intracranial stenosis in magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). (scirp.org)

However, because the associated cerebral morphology and experimental methodology results in a profound negative brain-core temperature differential, cerebral temperature changes during functional activation are likely to be principally driven by local inflow of fresh, core-temperature, blood. (cornell.edu)
We reveal that sensory stimulation, hypercapnia and recurrent acute seizures induce significant increases in cortical temperature that are preferentially correlated to changes in total hemoglobin concentration (Hbt), relative to cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism. (cornell.edu)
The consumption of oxygen is associated with increased cerebral blood flow ( CBF ) and changes in cerebral vessel volume, leading to an over‐supply of the oxygenated vs. deoxygenated haemoglobin. (pocketdentistry.com)
They found that the MR signals will increase and decrease according to the level of oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin, and this change is associated with a complex haemodynamic process, such as changes in CBF and cerebral blood volume (Huettel et al. (pocketdentistry.com)

The OxiplexTS, a non-invasive tissue oximeter for the measurement of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration in tissues, total blood volume and oxygen saturation. (iss.com)
Imagent can detect changes in both oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations. (iss.com)

MRI brain scans use a strong, permanent, static magnetic field to align nuclei in the brain region being studied. (wikipedia.org)
This review highlights a basic evolutionary approach to emotion to understand the effects of emotion on learning and memory and the functional roles played by various brain regions and their mutual interactions in relation to emotional processing. (frontiersin.org)
Because the removal of oxygen from the blood does not match the increase in oxygen delivery to the active brain region, the hemodynamic response results in a greater ratio of oxygenated to deoxygenated hemoglobin in that region. (sfu.ca)
It measures the proportion of oxygenated haemoglobin in specific areas of the brain, mirroring blood flow and therefore function. (ox.ac.uk)
MRI scans use magnetic fields and radio waves to create images that, like CT scans, are also a collection of "slices" of the brain. (elizabethsandelmd.com)
Functional MRI (fMRIs) record activity in the brain during mental tasks. (elizabethsandelmd.com)
Functional MRI addresses these limitations by allowing researchers to noninvasively and repeatedly measure activity in the living brain and has played a fundamental role in advancing our understanding of human brain function. (cinet.jp)
Functional MRI have been used not only to identify brain regions recruited during the performance of different tasks but also to elucidate how these regions connect to one another to form networks. (cinet.jp)
Functional MRI has also made significant contributions to the advancement of AI technology by means of the so-called decoding technology, a technique employed to translate human brain information into actions and labels, as well as via the collection and the sharing of large amounts of brain activity data that may serve to guide the developments of AI systems in the future. (cinet.jp)
researchers can then study both the functional and structural brain abnormalities in psychological disorders. (alchetron.com)
2004 ). To achieve the 'functional mapping' of the brain, a critical condition is to detect the signal change coupled with the change of neural activity. (pocketdentistry.com)

Differences in magnetic properties between arterial (oxygen-rich) and venous (oxygen-poor) blood provided this link. (wikipedia.org)
According to MRV analyses, deep venous blood flow increased significantly (relief of high pressure), and available hemoglobin in the deep vein increased (reduced tissue hypoxia) post-MECS use. (hilarispublisher.com)

In the setting of clinical practice, intravenous TPA within 4.5 hours improved the functional outcome despite an increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in very elderly Korean patients. (j-stroke.org)

Dr. Ogawa had previously employed magnetic resonance (NMR) to study the molecular structure and function of hemoglobin, and this experience led to the discovery of the BOLD effect. (cinet.jp)

[6] Hemoglobin has an oxygen-binding capacity of 1.34 mL O 2 per gram, [7] which increases the total blood oxygen capacity seventy-fold compared to dissolved oxygen in blood. (ipfs.io)

Synergistic effects of hemoglobin and tumor perfusion on tumor control and survival in cervical cancer. (cancerimagingarchive.net)

In 1959, Max Perutz determined the molecular structure of myoglobin (similar to hemoglobin) by X-ray crystallography . (ipfs.io)

Abnormalities in regional function generally precede global functional changes. (ecrjournal.com)
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) coupled with stress cardiac magnetic resonance (ExeCMR), may provide a noninvasive method to identify the abnormalities of cardiac function or skeletal muscle oxygen extraction. (biomedcentral.com)

Ability to complete this protocol, perceived exertion, burden of the fNIRS devices, and concentrations of oxygenated (O 2 Hb) and deoxygenated (HHb) hemoglobin from the left and right PFC were measured. (biomedcentral.com)

Oxygen is carried by the hemoglobin molecule in red blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
The mammalian hemoglobin molecule can bind (carry) up to four oxygen molecules. (ipfs.io)

also spelled haemoglobin (United Kingdom spelling) and abbreviated Hb or Hgb , is the iron -containing oxygen -transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates [4] (with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae [5] ) as well as the tissues of some invertebrates . (ipfs.io)
Hemoglobin in the blood carries oxygen from the respiratory organs ( lungs or gills ) to the rest of the body (i.e. the tissues). (ipfs.io)
In these tissues, hemoglobin has a non-oxygen-carrying function as an antioxidant and a regulator of iron metabolism . (ipfs.io)
A study of human normal and mutant hemoglobins in order to understand the molecular mechanism of the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. (mirm-pitt.net)
MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce images of thin slices of tissues (tomographic images). (msdmanuals.com)
Normally, protons within tissues spin to produce tiny magnetic fields that are randomly aligned. (msdmanuals.com)
a low number of red blood cells or a low amount of haemoglobin in your blood cells, resulting in reduced oxygen delivery to tissues and organs. (heartfailurematters.org)

We showed that in the cued condition, semantic scores were higher (indicating more creative responses), positively associated with other measures of creativity, and changes in oxygenated hemoglobin were larger and more extensive in the left frontopolar cortex, than in the uncued condition. (northumbria.ac.uk)

Localized irregularities in hemoglobin flow and oxygenation in the calf muscle in patients with peripheral vascular disease detected by near-infrared spectrophotometry. (jeelab.net)
Thus, we believe there is strong evidence that a sensitivity to capillary oxygenation state is present in high S/N functional MR images obtained with EPI at 4 T. (umn.edu)

In healthy older adults, resveratrol supplementation has been shown to improve long-term glucose control, resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the hippocampus, and memory function. (uni-hannover.de)

A 63-year-old woman was admitted to Minoh City Hospital (Minoh, Japan) in April 2022 because of anemia (blood hemoglobin: 7.7 g/dl). (spandidos-publications.com)

With growth, functional difficulties and limitations develop that limit the patient's mobility. (medscape.com)

Laboratory results showed an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 99 mm/h, a leukocyte count of 9480 /mm3 with 49% neutrophils and 32% lymphocytes, a haemoglobin level of 11.8 g/dL and a platelet count of 348 000 /mm3. (who.int)

By placing an individual in a very strong magnetic field and passing a radio wave through the field, all of the hydrogen atoms in the individual's head can be induced to spin in the same direction. (sfu.ca)
The MRI scanner produces a strong magnetic field to affect hydrogen nuclei in the body and then uses radio waves (another form of electromagnetic radiation) to get information from those nuclei. (elizabethsandelmd.com)
When surrounded by the strong magnetic field of an MRI device, the magnetic axes align along that field. (msdmanuals.com)

The goal of long-term hypertransfusional support is to maintain the patient's hemoglobin level at 9-10 g/dL, thus improving his or her sense of well being while simultaneously suppressing enhanced erythropoiesis. (medscape.com)

Functional connectivity (FC) alterations represent a key feature in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and provide a useful tool to characterize and predict the course of the disease. (humanconnectome.org)

When the radio frequency is removed the hydrogen atoms all orient in the direction of the magnetic field, and in doing so produce magnetic fields that can be detected and used to construct an image based on the density of hydrogen atoms. (sfu.ca)
[14] From the known atomic mass of iron he calculated the molecular mass of hemoglobin to n × 16000 ( n = number of iron atoms per hemoglobin, now known to be 4), the first determination of a protein's molecular mass. (ipfs.io)

In Section 1.2 , we have briefly outlined the methods of neuroimaging, which can be generally categorized into structural and functional neuroimaging. (pocketdentistry.com)

In other words, one can estimate the change in deoxygenated haemoglobin by measuring the change in MR signals. (pocketdentistry.com)

The test measures blood sugar level ranges in the past three months by determining the percentage of glycated, or sugar-coated hemoglobin proteins that exist in the bloodstream. (drjonathanterry.com)
Consequently, the A1C test is based on the glucose attachment to the hemoglobin proteins over an approximated period of three months. (drjonathanterry.com)
Hemoglobin consists of protein subunits (the "globin" molecules), and these proteins, in turn, are folded chains of a large number of different amino acids called polypeptides . (ipfs.io)

The A1C test measures the amount of glucose attached to hemoglobin. (drjonathanterry.com)
Serum levels of glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c and insulin were determined before and after intervention. (uni-hannover.de)

In 2013, Dr. Ho was named a Fellow of the International Society for the Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) and received his Gold Medal Award for his contributions to the development of in-vivo tracking of immune cells by MRI. (mirm-pitt.net)

Certain atomic nuclei can absorb and emit radio frequency energy when placed in an external magnetic field . (alchetron.com)

Here we review how the findings from functional studies impact on areas of gynaecological practice as diverse as chronic pain, continence, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. (ox.ac.uk)
Hemophilia B, or Christmas disease, is an inherited, recessive disorder that involves deficiency of functional coagulation factor IX (FIX) in plasma. (medscape.com)

Powerful magnetic fields and radiofrequency pulses are used to locate molecules of hemoglobin carrying oxygen in the blood. (hermessolenzol.com)

SPIE 4623 , Functional Monitoring and Drug-Tissue Interaction. (jeelab.net)

His lab has constructed an expression plasmid (pHE2) to produce authentic human normal adult hemoglobin (Hb) in Escherichia coli and has allowed his lab to design and express any mutant hemoglobins needed for his research. (mirm-pitt.net)

MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields , radio waves , and field gradients to generate images of the inside of the body. (alchetron.com)
Pulses of radio waves excite the nuclear spin energy transition, and magnetic field gradients localize the signal in space. (alchetron.com)

Hemoglobin is found naturally in all human beings as the protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. (drjonathanterry.com)
Hemoglobin is also found outside red blood cells and their progenitor lines. (ipfs.io)
[16] In 1851, [17] German physiologist Otto Funke published a series of articles in which he described growing hemoglobin crystals by successively diluting red blood cells with a solvent such as pure water, alcohol or ether, followed by slow evaporation of the solvent from the resulting protein solution. (ipfs.io)
The hemoglobin in red blood cells has different magnetic properties depending on whether it is bound to oxygen or not. (cinet.jp)

Structure of human hemoglobin. (ipfs.io)

They are often ordered, however, to exclude other diagnoses and to better assess functional status and prognosis. (medscape.com)

Functional Connectivity Disruption in Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Common Pattern of Alterations. (humanconnectome.org)

Another magnetic field, the gradient field, is then applied to spatially locate different nuclei. (wikipedia.org)

After the pulse, protons relax and resume their baseline alignment within the magnetic field of the MRI device. (msdmanuals.com)

The 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was thought as primary outcome and was dichotomized as good functional outcome (mRS 0-1) and poor outcome (mRS 2-6). (researchsquare.com)
WMH can predict the poor functional outcome of minor cerebrovascular events. (researchsquare.com)

PAI can thus both visualize anatomical structures, such as the microvasculature, and has the ability to detect haemoglobin, lipids, water and other light-absorbing chomophores. (lu.se)

[12] In these organisms, hemoglobins may carry oxygen, or they may act to transport and regulate other small molecules and ions such as carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and sulfide. (ipfs.io)

Further techniques used for the production of functional MECS included "elastic yarn composite techniques," "incremental pressure fabric weaving," and "pressure shaping of fabrics. (hilarispublisher.com)

Anatomy32

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs32

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment57

Psychiatry and Psychology90

Phenomena and Processes38

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Imaging31

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Cerebral4

Deoxy-hemoglobin2

Brain11

Venous2

Intracranial1

Ogawa1

Dissolved oxygen in blood1

Cervical1

Crystallography1

Abnormalities2

Concentrations1

Molecule2

Tissues7

Cortex1

Oxygenation2

Resting-state functional1

20221

Limitations1

Platelet count1

Strong magnetic field3

Patient's1

Characterize1

Atoms2

Structural and functional1

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Proteins3

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