Hemifusion cell fusion. Medical search. Frequent questions

Is the Subject Area "Membrane fusion" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
Viral fusion proteins are necessary for membrane fusion to take place. (wikipedia.org)
Class II fusogens have a structure distinct from Class I fusogens, but similarly lower the energy barrier for membrane fusion. (wikipedia.org)
However, the method they utilize to induce membrane fusion is mechanistically similar. (wikipedia.org)
The study provides new evidence that clarifies the required features of Ca 2+ sensors when inducing membrane fusion, a process essential for neurotransmitter release. (lumicks.com)
Fluorescently labeling the respective proteins and following them in real time enabled the team to validate membrane fusion mechanisms and differentiate between hemifusion or protein bridging events. (lumicks.com)
The study demonstrates how combining optical tweezers and live imaging in a cell-free model offers functional insights into membrane fusion that are unattainable by existing approaches. (lumicks.com)
Membrane fusion is a ubiquitous process, essential for cellular development, communication, and drug delivery. (biophysics.org)
2021). Ebola virus glycoprotein interacts with cholesterol to enhance membrane fusion and cell entry. (tcdb.org)
Using this framework to analyze the SM (Sec1/Munc18)-SNARE ( N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptor) system in exocytic membrane fusion in yeast and neurons, we find that the SM-SNARE network motifs of yeast and neurons show distinct dynamical behaviors. (biomedcentral.com)
We identify the closed binding mode of neuronal SM (Munc18-1) and SNARE (syntaxin-1) as the key factor leading to mechanistic divergence of membrane fusion systems in yeast and neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
We applied the framework to study SM-SNARE-mediated exocytic membrane fusion processes in yeast and neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
As for many essential biological processes, intracellular membrane fusion is mediated by interactions among a series of evolutionarily conserved proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Reese C, Heise F, Mayer A (2005) Trans-SNARE pairing can precede a hemifusion intermediate in intracellular membrane fusion. (paperpile.com)

These reoviral cell-cell fusogens contain fusion loops that can induce cell fusion. (wikipedia.org)
They form polymeric structures to induce fusion of membranes. (wikipedia.org)
However, when they are expressed on the surface of cells, they can induce cell-cell fusion. (wikipedia.org)
The results indicated that both proteins induce hemifusion, albeit Syt1 only at higher concentrations - lower concentrations of Syt1 induced bridging. (lumicks.com)
Freeze-thaw cycles induce content exchange between cell-sized lipid vesicles. (mpg.de)
Finally, JNK3 shRNA expressing INS1 cells didn't induce apoptosis in comparison to nonsense shRNA expressing INS1 cells when subjected to palmitate and high blood sugar but showed elevated caspase 9 and 3 cleavage connected with elevated and mRNA appearance. (cgp60474.com)

The outer leaflets of the two membranes form a hemifusion stalk to minimize energetically unfavorable interactions between hydrophobic phospholipid tails and the environment. (wikipedia.org)
It consists of consecutive steps including docking of the two bilayers, membrane destabilization, fusion of the outer leaflets (hemifusion), opening and expansion of the fusion neck and finally full fusion. (biophysics.org)

For example, HIV infects by fusing with the membranes of immune system cells. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins that allow viral or cell membranes to overcome barriers to fusion are called fusogens. (wikipedia.org)
Reoviruses do not have membranes themselves, so class IV fusogens are not usually involved in traditional virus-cell fusion. (wikipedia.org)
An Elegant Excuse to Spend a Week Discussing Intriguing Cell Membranes! (biophysics.org)
The fusion of lipid membranes progresses through a series of hemifusion intermediates with two significant energy barriers related to the formation of stalk and fusion pore, respectively. (haifa.ac.il)
These energy barriers determine the speed and success rate of many critical biological processes, including the fusion of highly curved membranes, for example synaptic vesicles and enveloped viruses. (haifa.ac.il)
We find that the stalk formation energy decreases with curvature by up to 31 k B T in a 20-nm-radius vesicle compared with planar membranes and by up to 8 k B T in the fusion of highly curved, long, tubular membranes. (haifa.ac.il)
Membranes under shear stress: visualization of non-equilibrium domain patterns and domain fusion in a microfluidic device. (mpg.de)
As their name suggests, IFITMs are membrane proteins, allowing them to police the cell surface and endocytic membranes that viruses must cross to invade cells. (life-science-alliance.org)

Fusogens involved in virus-to-cell fusion mechanisms were the first of these proteins to be discovered. (wikipedia.org)
There is evidence that ancestral species of mammals may have incorporated these same proteins into their own cells as a result of infection. (wikipedia.org)
These proteins are also trimeric and take part in the insertion of fusion loops into the target membrane. (wikipedia.org)
During cell fusion the monomers of these proteins will dissociate but will return to a different trimeric structure after the fusion is complete. (wikipedia.org)
He loved microscopes and watching the proteins and molecules that make up cells move around. (biophysics.org)
Neither artificial membrane slabs, nor 'live cells' imaged under conditions in which cells have a shabby life that doesn't last long (how much of this is due to the mistreatment of the membrane proteins? (biophysics.org)
After fusion, retroviruses release genomes and associated proteins into the cytoplasm during the uncoating process, ultimately resulting in the synthesis of reverse transcription products, formation of the preintegration complex, and nuclear import [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) are antiviral factors that act uniquely and early in viral replication cycles to restrict the entry of a diverse range of primarily enveloped viruses into cells ( 1 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
ATF4 activates the transcription of C/EBP homologous proteins (CHOP), considered to mediate palmitate-induced -cell loss of life [10], [11]. (cgp60474.com)

There are three major actions taken in both virus-cell fusion and cell-cell fusion: the dehydration of polar head groups, the promotion of a hemifusion stalk, and the opening and expansion of pores between fusing cells. (wikipedia.org)
Immediately after stalk expansion to the hemifusion diaphragm, the fusion pore formation energy barrier is low (15-25 k B T) due to lipid stretching in the distal monolayers and increased tension in highly curved vesicles. (haifa.ac.il)

2011). Imaging single retrovirus entry through alternative receptor isoforms and intermediates of virus-endosome fusion. (tcdb.org)

Cell fusion also occurs in a multitude of mammalian cells including gametes and myoblasts. (wikipedia.org)
This class of fusogens also includes syncytins, which are utilized in mammalian cell fusions. (wikipedia.org)
We focus on studies employing both mammalian cells and animal models to evaluate the ability of different autophagic modulators to regulate neuroinflammation. (benthamscience.com)

MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
As a soluble, zinc-coordinated homotrimeric protein, it has emerged as a promising candidate for cancer therapy through its capacity to trigger apoptosis in many types of cancers without causing significant toxicity to normal cells [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Consequently, the viral membrane and the target cell membrane are also pulled close together. (wikipedia.org)
There has been resurgence in determining the role of host metabolism in viral infection yet deciphering how the metabolic state of single cells affects viral entry and fusion remains unknown. (ox.ac.uk)
Our novel imaging approach that combines lifetime imaging (FLIM) and SVT revealed not only changes in plasma membrane tension at the point of viral fusion, but also that HIV is less likely to enter cells at areas of higher membrane tension. (ox.ac.uk)
5 SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from the airway epithelial cells of patients with viral pneumonia in Wuhan. (medsci.org)
2014). The three lives of viral fusion peptides. (tcdb.org)
However, this viral antagonism can be perturbed by host mechanisms: a recent study showed that in interferon (IFN) treated THP1 cells, Vpx is unable to degrade SAMHD1. (biomedcentral.com)
Using an assay measuring viral entry, we show that IFNα and IFITMs directly block the delivery of Vpx into cells by inhibiting VSV-G viral fusion. (biomedcentral.com)

These hydrophobic regions are known as fusion peptides or fusion loops, and they are responsible for causing localized membrane instability and fusion. (wikipedia.org)
When activated, all of these fusogens form elongated trimeric structures and bury their fusion peptides into the membrane of the target cell. (wikipedia.org)
Interaction of β 3 /β 2 ‐Peptides, Consisting of Val‐Ala‐Leu Segments, with POPC Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) and White Blood Cancer Cells (U937) - A New Type of Cell‐Penetrating Peptides, and a Surprising Chain‐Length Dependence of Their Vesicle‐ and Cell‐Lysing Activity. (mpg.de)
Enantiomeric and Diastereoisomeric (Mixed) L/ D‐Octaarginine Derivatives - A Simple Way of Modulating the Properties of Cell‐Penetrating Peptides. (mpg.de)

Virus-cell fusions occur during infections of several viruses that are health concerns relevant today. (wikipedia.org)
SVT revealed that HIV-1 viruses were arrested at hemifusion in glycolytically-inactive cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Of these, IFITM3 potently inhibits viruses that enter cells through acidic endosomes, many of which are zoonotic and emerging viruses with bats (order Chiroptera) as their natural hosts. (life-science-alliance.org)

Secondly, at the onset of the fusion process, these complexes get transferred into the target cell membrane and adopt specific conformations therein. (tcdb.org)

These results indicated a relationship between host metabolic state and the likelihood for virus-cell fusion to occur. (ox.ac.uk)

In contrast, the fusion pore formation energy barrier shows a more complicated behavior. (haifa.ac.il)
Therefore, the opening of the fusion pore is faster. (haifa.ac.il)
In contrast, in the fusion of long tubular compartments, the surface tension does not accumulate due to the formation of the diaphragm, and the energy barrier for pore expansion increases with curvature by up to 11 k B T. This suggests that inhibition of polymorphic virus infection could particularly target this feature of the second barrier. (haifa.ac.il)
However, these stresses relax over time due to lipid flip-flop from the proximal monolayer, resulting in a larger hemifusion diaphragm and a higher fusion pore formation energy barrier, up to 35 kBT. (haifa.ac.il)
The fusion process involves a relatively stable hemifusion-like intermediate that precedes fusion pore opening. (tcdb.org)
Finally, at least in some instances, several VFPs co-assemble with transmembrane anchors into membrane integral helical bundles, following a locking movement hypothetically coupled to fusion-pore expansion. (tcdb.org)

For this reason, similar mechanisms and machinery are utilized in cell-cell fusion. (wikipedia.org)

Indeed, cells treated with 2-DG possessed lower plasma membrane lipid order and higher tension values, respectively. (ox.ac.uk)
Here we use continuum elastic theory of lipid monolayers to determine the relationship between membrane shape and energy barriers to fusion. (haifa.ac.il)
According to commonly accepted mechanistic models, membrane-bound states of the VFP might promote the lipid bilayer remodeling required for virus-cell membrane merger. (tcdb.org)

When talking about barriers in the core science of stem cells, we find obstacles like disease occurrence in the growth factors used for iPS cells. (medium.com)

J. Cell Biol. (benthamscience.com)

22 ] showed that interferon alpha (IFNα) treatment of THP1 cells prevents degradation of SAMHD1 following incubation with SIV MAC virus-like particles containing Vpx (VLPs-Vpx). (biomedcentral.com)
Autophagy is a self degradation process that can mediate cell death as well as survival [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In our study, we investigated the fusion between small cationic liposomes (~100 nm) and giant vesicles (tens of microns in diameter) containing increasing fractions of anionic lipids. (biophysics.org)
Microfluidic handling and analysis of giant vesicles for use as artificial cells: a review. (mpg.de)
A facile protocol for the immobilisation of vesicles, virus particles, bacteria, and yeast cells. (mpg.de)

They are essential for virus-cell receptor binding and the production of structurally complete virus particles. (medsci.org)

A fusion mechanism is any mechanism by which cell fusion or virus-cell fusion takes place, as well as the machinery that facilitates these processes. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we have developed a novel assay multiplexing genetically encoded biosensors with single virus tracking (SVT) to evaluate the influence of global metabolic processes on the success rate of virus entry in single cells. (ox.ac.uk)

Here we investigated whether SQSTM1/p62 (p62) overexpression, as a marker of autophagic flux, was related to aggressiveness of human prostate cancer (PCa) and whether autophagy regulated the treatment response in sensitive but not resistant PCa cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
Immunostaining and immunoblotting analyses of the autophagic markers p62 [in PCa tissue microarrays (TMAs) and PCa cell lines] and LC3 (in PCa cell lines), transmission electron microscopy, and GFP-mCherry-LC3 were used to study autophagy induction and flux. (biomedcentral.com)
The effect of autophagy inhibition using pharmacologic (3-methyladenine and chloroquine) and genetic [(short hairpin (sh)-mediated knock-down of ATG7 and LAMP2) and small interfering (si)RNA-mediated BECN1 knock-down] approaches on TR-induced cell death was assessed by clonogenic survival, sub-G1 DNA content, and annexinV/PI staining by flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)
Pharmacologic (chloroquine or 3-methyladenine) and genetic (shATG7 or shLAMP2) inhibition of autophagy led to cell death in TR-resistant C4-2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In PC3 cells, inhibition of autophagy induction prevented p62 accumulation and hence caspase-8 activation. (biomedcentral.com)
Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of autophagy in PCa cell lines indicate that autophagic flux can determine the cellular response to TR by regulating caspase-8 activation. (biomedcentral.com)

Obese and diabetic topics have raised plasma degrees of nonesterified essential fatty acids (NEFAs) and hyperglycemia, that are believed to trigger reduced insulin synthesis and impaired blood sugar responsiveness in pancreatic -cells, termed glucolipotoxicity [2] also, [3]. (cgp60474.com)
Consistent with this notion, a study examining apoptosis in individual cells has demonstrated that differences in the extent of caspase-8 activation may be responsible for the cell-to-cell variation in Apo2L/TRAIL responsiveness [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

For instance, in Drosophila melanogaster , oskar ribonucleoprotein (RNP) condensates endure a liquid-to-solid transition, which is essential for the polar distribution of some RNAs within the cell [ 2 ]. (keiseronlineuniversity.com)

We found that cells with a lower ATP:ADP ratio prior to virus addition were less permissive to virus fusion and infection. (ox.ac.uk)
Interestingly, cells acutely treated with glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) become resistant to virus infection and also display less surface membrane cholesterol. (ox.ac.uk)

Detection of elevated ER tension marker appearance including ATF3, Bip and CHOP in mouse islets subjected to raised lipids and high blood sugar and in -cells of type 2 diabetics supports the participation of ER tension in the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes [12]C[14]. (cgp60474.com)

This folding action brings the transmembrane region and the fusion loop adjacent to each other. (wikipedia.org)

used a cell-free model to assess properties associated with membrane-membrane interactions induced by Syt1 or Doc2B. (lumicks.com)

This process takes a lot of fine details and exact factors to be executed well, like the quality oocyte quality, enucleation, and cell transfer procedures and makes it all the more complicated. (medium.com)
In this process, we use four main growth genes(Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) to reprogram and "trick" the cell into becoming pluripotent. (medium.com)
Macroautophagy is a catabolic process that can mediate cell death or survival. (biomedcentral.com)

Mutation of this residue in microbat IFITM3 impairs restriction of representatives of four different virus families that enter cells via endosomes. (life-science-alliance.org)

Addition of cholesterol in these in glycolytically-inactive cells rescued the virus entry block at hemifusion and enabled completion of HIV-1 fusion. (ox.ac.uk)

We sought to identify PKA phosphorylation sites in PLIN5 and assess their functional relevance in cultured cells and the livers of mice. (uci.edu)

Observations of membrane domain reorganization in mechanically compressed artificial cells. (mpg.de)

In contrast, autophagic flux was low in TR-sensitive PC3 cells, leading to accumulation of p62-aggregates. (biomedcentral.com)

Further investigation with FRET-based membrane tension and membrane-order reporters revealed a link between host cell glycolytic activity and host membrane order and tension. (ox.ac.uk)
JNK2 shRNA expressing INS1 cells didn't influence palmitate and high blood sugar induced apoptosis or ER tension markers, but increased appearance in comparison to non-sense shRNA expressing INS1 cells mRNA. (cgp60474.com)
These data claim that JNK1 protects against palmitate and high glucose-induced -cell apoptosis connected with decreased ER and mitochondrial tension. (cgp60474.com)
Long term and extreme ER tension induced -cell apoptosis is certainly connected with c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation [9], [15]. (cgp60474.com)

Given a network motif structure representing a specific biological function in one cell type or species, this approach utilized a comparative modeling strategy to connect it with other network motifs which are evolutionarily related to each other. (biomedcentral.com)

Beyond this protective role, Mrr can inflict chromosomal DNA damage that elicits the SOS response in the host cell upon heterologous expression of specific methyltransferases such as M.HhaII, or after exposure to high pressure (HP). (uci.edu)

Acknowledgments We thank Morten Lundh for exceptional sparring through the entire tests and Christopher Mayer for corporation using the steady cell lines. (cgp60474.com)
TR-resistant cells exhibited high autophagic flux, with more efficient clearance of p62-aggregates in four TR-resistant PCa cell lines: C4-2, LNCaP, DU145, and CWRv22.1. (biomedcentral.com)

Find out how dynamic single-molecule and cell avidity analysis tools can take your research further. (lumicks.com)

Their fusion loops are hidden internally at the junctions of the monomers before fusion takes place. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy17

Organisms19

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs55

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes32

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science4

Membrane fusion14

Induce6

Outer leaflets2

Membranes9

Proteins9

Stalk2

Intermediates1

Mammalian3

Protein3

Viral7

Peptides4

Viruses3

Target cell membrane1

Occur1

Pore6

Mechanisms1

Lipid3

Barriers1

Biol1

Degradation2

Vesicles3

Receptor1

Processes2

Autophagy6

Responsiveness2

Polar1

Infection2

Lipids1

Transmembrane1

Interactions1

Process3

IFITM31

Entry1

Functional1

Artificial1

Contrast1

Tension4

Species1

Response1

Lines2

Find1

Place1