Hematopoietic stem induce epigenetic adult mammalian cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Despite significant advances in understanding nephron segment patterning, many questions remain about the underlying genes and signaling pathways that orchestrate renal progenitor cell fate choices and regulate differentiation. (mdpi.com)
In preclinical and clinical studies, progenitor cell therapy (cord blood and mesenchymal stem cells) has shown promise in reversing the underlying pathology of SNHL, the loss of cochlear sensory hair cells. (intechopen.com)
Progenitor cell therapy may also allow functional reorganization of the auditory pathways including primary auditory cortex (Heschl's gyrus). (intechopen.com)
We will present a summary of the effect of hearing loss on auditory development, existing preclinical and clinical data on progenitor cell therapy, and its potential role in the (re)habilitation of non-genetic SNHL. (intechopen.com)

Our current research aims to understand the post-transcriptional & epigenetic mechanisms that govern stem cell potency and cell fate decisions, and determine how to exploit these mechanisms to develop new therapeutic strategies. (distefano-lab.com)
These crucial regulators direct gene expression changes to establish cell-type specific transcriptional profiles. (distefano-lab.com)
The interplay between all these layers of epigenetic regulation finally controls the transcriptional output of the conversion process, thus determining the final cell fate. (distefano-lab.com)
His postdoctoral work focused on the role of post-transcriptional mechanisms in mammalian cell fate. (distefano-lab.com)
Aging is known to involve epigenetic histone modifications which are associated with transcriptional changes occurring throughout the entire lifespan of an individual. (aging-us.com)
We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
Particularly, by performing transcriptome analysis, we observed that several pluripotent transcriptional factors increase in knockout cell line, which explains the underlying loss of pluripotency in Sirt6-null iPS-like cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
We will then describe that resulting from engulfment and degradation of apoptotic cargo, phagocytes undergo an epigenetic, transcriptional and metabolic rewiring that leads to trained immunity, and discuss its relevance for microglia and brain function. (frontiersin.org)
In the second part, we will compare the mechanisms that mediate recognition and engulfment and their epigenetic, transcriptional, metabolic, and immunological consequences. (frontiersin.org)
One sentence summary Murine hematopoietic stem cells display transcriptional heterogeneity that is quantitatively altered with age and leads to the age-dependent myeloid bias evident after inflammatory challenge. (biorxiv.org)
Growing evidence suggests that transcriptional regulators and secreted RNA molecules encapsulated within membrane vesicles modify the phenotype of target cells. (unicyte.ch)

The regulation of telomere length and telomerase activity is a complex and dynamic process that is tightly linked to cell cycle regulation in human stem cells. (nature.com)
The epigenetic regulation of spatiotemporal gene expression is crucial for human development. (researchgate.net)
Succinate further inhibits several dioxygenases involved in epigenetic regulation like ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase (TET) and jumonji C domain-containing histone lysine demethylases (JMJD3). (haematologica.org)
Their larval and adult cells have narrow potencies, sometimes coupled to virtually unlimited … proliferation, and function in the growth, maintenance and regulation of body size. (iospress.com)
The embryos of larger arthropods and deuterostomes with well-provisioned eggs or viviparity, on the other hand, exhibit regulative development, while their larval "set-aside" or adult stem cells function in the growth, maintenance, and regulation of organ size coupled to constrained proliferation and cell turnover. (iospress.com)
Mammalian adult stem cells resemble the blastomeres of planktonic and benthic organisms with small eggs and may have evolved in mature organisms as an adaptation to the growth and maintenance of tissues via proliferation and the regulation of organ size via cell loss (e.g., terminal differentiation). (iospress.com)
We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)

In fact, low levels of telomerase activity have been found in human adult stem cells including haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic stem cells such as neuronal, skin, intestinal crypt, mammary epithelial, pancreas, adrenal cortex, kidney, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ( Table 1 ). (nature.com)
The pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) may be related to the abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), which could influence the differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) towards adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. (techscience.com)
The bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) is a complex network system primarily comprising stromal cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoprogenitor cells, vascular endothelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, and cytokines. (techscience.com)
HLSCs do not express hematopoietic stem cell markers, whereas they express several mesenchymal markers and display multiple differentiating abilities ( 22 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Vimentin is a developmentally regulated intermediate filament protein (IFP) found in cells of mesenchymal origin. (thermofisher.com)

We found that Sirt6 is highly expressed in pluripotent stem cells and also it regulates the efficiency of somatic reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)

Derivation of autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through direct reprogramming of easily accessible somatic cells holds the potential to transform the field of regenerative medicine. (biomedcentral.com)
Given the tremendous promise of regenerative medicine to enhance human health and treat disease, Congress included a provision in the 21st Century Cures Act to support a Regenerative Medicine Innovation Project ($30 million distributed over FY17 through FY20) for the funding of clinical research to further the field of regenerative medicine (RM) using adult stem cells, including autologous, non-autologous use as well as eligible induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). (nih.gov)
Strategies for regenerative therapies in adult mammals, therefore, might be based on stimulating growth of adult stem cells or their surrogates in specific tissues rather than on introducing embryonic stem cells into adults. (iospress.com)
9 Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. (jci.org)
Microglial phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) is at the core of the brain regenerative response. (frontiersin.org)

Histone modifications and chromatin-associated protein complexes are crucially involved in the control of gene expression, supervising cell fate decisions and differentiation. (researchgate.net)
Background: Bivalent chromatin domains consisting of the activating histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and repressive histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) histone modifications are enriched at developmental genes that are repressed in embryonic stem cells but active during differentiation. (researchgate.net)
We model central nervous system development using organoids, and select three histone modifications as proxies for dynamic epigenetic change and validate our findings in a primary developing human brain. (researchgate.net)
Conditional PRC2 loss perturbs lesion-induced neuron production, accompanied by altered histone modifications and misexpression of lineage-specific transcription factors in GBCs. (bvsalud.org)

Profoundly different patterns of potency and division are exhibited by mammalian embryonic and adult stem cells. (iospress.com)
Lymphatic vascular development establishes embryonic and adult tissue fluid balance and is integral in disease. (shengsci.com)

Cell fate decisions, including events that occur naturally (e.g., development, differentiation, regeneration, and homeostasis) and experimentally (e.g., reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, directed differentiation, transdifferentiation), are typically mediated by transcription factors in concert with epigenetic modifications. (distefano-lab.com)
Shortly afterwards, the original experimental protocol was replicated and optimized by several laboratories, confirming that iPSCs share the gene expression profile, epigenetic modifications, and proliferation rates as well as the pluripotency of ESCs [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent evidence obtained in mouse models shows its essential role regulating blood cell function through various mechanisms that include pseudohypoxia responses by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activation, post-translational modifications like succinylation, and communication mediated by succinate receptor 1. (haematologica.org)
These alterations can take the form of epigenetic modifications, point mutations, translocations, amplifications or deletions and modify gene functions in ways that deregulate cellular signalling pathways leading to the cancer phenotype. (bmj.com)
In the present review we focus on the extracellular vesicle-induced epigenetic changes in recipient cells that may lead to phenotypic and functional modifications. (unicyte.ch)

TGF-β signaling induces transcription of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p15Ink4B or p21Cip1, which, as a consequence, act to halt the cell cycle and stop proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
Mammalian embryonic stem cells would seem adapted to rapid proliferation, functioning in part to enclose yolk or to acquire access to maternal resources. (iospress.com)
Acute leukemias induced by MLL chimeric oncoproteins are among the subset of cancers distinguished by a paradoxical dependence on GSK-3 kinase activity for sustained proliferation. (stanford.edu)
It maintains normal hematopoietic function by interacting with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to control their proliferation and differentiation ( Morrison and Scadden, 2014 ). (techscience.com)
Recent studies have revealed that AXL contributes to leukaemic phenotypes through activation of oncogenic signalling pathways that lead to increased cell migration and proliferation. (cancerindex.org)

Thus, uncovering and understanding new molecular and cellular pathways that govern HSPC cell fate is critical for basic biology and to develop new therapeutic strategies for hematologic disorders. (distefano-lab.com)
A critical length of telomere repeats is required to ensure proper telomere function and avoid the activation of DNA damage pathways that result in replicative senescence or cell death. (nature.com)
EVI1 is a nuclear transcription factor involved in many signaling pathways for both coexpression and coactivation of cell cycle genes. (wikipedia.org)
Nonetheless, when cells rely on anaerobic glycolysis, like cancer cells and certain innate immune cells upon activation, other metabolic pathways sustain succinate levels, including glutamine-dependent anerplerosis to α-ketoglutarate, and eventually citrate by reductive carboxylation. (haematologica.org)
Likewise, strategies for the containment of cancer might be based on promoting normal pathways of cell loss, the basal mode for handling excess cells. (iospress.com)
Our research focuses on developmental pathways that regulate hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation and are disrupted in the course of neoplastic transformation, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas. (stanford.edu)

According to a simplified model of this theory a newly-conceived human embryo consists of pluripotent stem cells (Type A), ones that can potentially divide into any body cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
He developed the first rapid, ultra-efficient system to reprogram B cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. (distefano-lab.com)
Here, we summarize current reprogramming methodologies with a focus on the production of transgene-free or genetically unmanipulated iPSCs and highlight important technical details that ultimately may influence the biological properties of pluripotent stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In 2006, a major breakthrough was reported in Japan by Takahashi and Yamanaka, who described the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse fibroblasts via over expression of defined transcription factors [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) can now be generated from skin or blood of mice or humans by overexpressing four key transcription factors. (pas.va)
Mouse somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. (biomedcentral.com)
Since the discovery of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, the molecular mechanism underlying the reprogramming process has been an active area of research. (biomedcentral.com)

With growth, these proliferate and, in a remarkably articulated manner, progressively differentiate into multipotent stem cells (Type B), progenitor cells (Type C), mature body somatic cells (Type E), and many eventually become senescent cells (Type E). (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
In essence, early-on the body sets up pools of stem and progenitor cells to replace lost somatic cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
To circumvent these obstacles, considerable effort has been invested in attempting to derive ESC-like cells by reprogramming somatic cells to an embryonic state. (biomedcentral.com)
Several experimental strategies have been developed to derive iPSCs from differentiated somatic cells (summarized in Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
In somatic cells, the activity of telomerase, a reverse transcriptase that can elongate telomeric repeats, is usually diminished after birth so that the telomere length is gradually shortened with cell divisions, and triggers cellular senescence. (nature.com)
Thus, even in stem cells, except for embryonal stem cells and cancer stem cells, telomere shortening occurs during replicative ageing, possibly at a slower rate than that in normal somatic cells. (nature.com)
Telomeric DNA consists of short guanine-rich repeat sequences in all eukaryotes with linear chromosomes, and its length in human somatic cells is remarkably heterogeneous among individuals ranging from 5 to 20 kb, according to age, organ, and the proliferative history of each cell ( Wright and Shay, 2005 ). (nature.com)
In most human somatic cells except for stem cells and lymphocytes, telomerase activity is diminished after birth so that telomere length shortens with each cell division. (nature.com)
Differentiated somatic cells can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent-like state through four defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, stem cells are highly sensitive to extracellular signals that play a critical role in mainten- ance of stem cell characteristics, differentiation, and interplay with somatic cells. (unicyte.ch)
Similarly, reprogramming of somatic cells involves a complex interaction among intracellular and extracellular signals leading to epigenetic remodeling [6]. (unicyte.ch)

All of these involve erratic cellular development and differentiation in the bone marrow leading to dramatic alterations in the normal population of blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
Epigenetic Alterations of Repeated Relapses in Patient-matchedChildhood Ependymomas. (diagenode.com)
The EV-mediated transfer of miRNAs is a particularly good candidate for the epigenetic alterations observed in recipient cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

In addition, as the genetic identity of the donor egg from which the ESCs are derived most likely will differ from that of potential recipients, patients who receive ESC-derived cells or tissues may face the same complications that result from organ transplantation (for example, immunorejection, graft-versus-host disease, and need for immunosuppression). (biomedcentral.com)
EVI1 is highly expressed in the murine embryo, found in the urinary system, lungs, and heart, but is only minutely detectable in most adult tissues, indicating a likely role in tissue development. (wikipedia.org)
In the 1960s and 1970s, scientists discovered that there are cells within adult tissues of the body that harbor many of the same special properties as embryonic stem cells. (pas.va)
However, these adult stem cells have more restricted potential - they are specialized to replenish, rejuvenate, and repair the tissues in which they reside. (pas.va)
embryonic stem cells , resulting from the early divisions of the egg, characterized by their "pluripotency", i.e. the capacity, that they share with the egg cell itself, to produce all the cell types found in the adult organism, and the tissue-specific stem cells present in the tissues and organs of the adult. (pas.va)
They are particularly active in tissues and organs in which the lifespan of the differentiated cells is short, like blood, skin and the inner cell layer covering the intestinal cavity, as well as in the repair of skeletal muscle after exercise of injury. (pas.va)
Significant advances have been made in isolating, culturing and reintroducing adult stem cells into tissues. (pas.va)
We have recently generated a conditional knockout model of Brd2 which will allow us to determine its function in adult tissues, including the germ line. (columbia.edu)

Once a cell type is specified, the mechanisms that restrict and maintain cell fate are important in ensuring tissue integrity, and their dysregulation often results in disease, particularly cancer. (distefano-lab.com)
Our current goal is to elucidate molecular mechanisms regulating establishment and maintenance of mammalian cell identity. (distefano-lab.com)
There his work focused on the mechanisms that control transcription factor-induced cell fate change. (distefano-lab.com)
Cancer stem cells, instrumental in metastasis, would seem to ignore mechanisms normally functioning in the removal of excess cells. (iospress.com)
Then, we will discuss several principles that govern macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), including the existence of redundant recognition mechanisms ("find-me" and "eat-me") that lead to a tight coupling between apoptosis and phagocytosis. (frontiersin.org)
Multipotent olfactory basal stem cells are activated by damage, although mechanisms regulating lineage decisions are not understood. (bvsalud.org)
Our findings support a model for PRC2-dependent mechanisms promoting sensory neuronal differentiation in an adult neurogenic niche. (bvsalud.org)
Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms underlying this trait may help improve the accuracy of breeding programs. (diagenode.com)

Physiologic aging in both humans and mice leads to permanent changes in LT-HSC function, such as myeloid-biased hematopoietic output ( Akunuru and Geiger, 2016 ). (biorxiv.org)

The main research theme of her lab is neural stem cells, and the molecular pathophysiology of Huntington's Disease . (eurostemcell.org)

Further study will be required in the future to better understand succinate biology in blood cells. (haematologica.org)
Professor Elena Cattaneo is Director of the Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases at the Department of Pharmacological Sciences, as well as a co-founder and first appointed Director of UniStem , the Centre for Stem Cell Research of the University of Milano. (eurostemcell.org)
The molecular biology underlying renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development and progression has been a key milestone in the management of this type of tumor. (cancerindex.org)
Cold Spring Harbor, NY -- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHLP) announced the release of The Digital Cell: Cell Biology as a Data Science, available on its website in hardcover format. (cshlpress.com)
The relevance of these phenomena in stem cell biology and tissue repair is discussed. (unicyte.ch)

Moreover, my lab is testing the hypothesis that RNA sequestration is critical to maintaining adult tissue homeostasis. (distefano-lab.com)
This promising field may open new avenues to modulate inflammatory responses and to preserve blood cell homeostasis in the clinical setting. (haematologica.org)
Immunoreceptor signaling during development, homeostasis, and effector function of T cells and NK cells. (upstate.edu)
4 It encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and homeostasis of several cell lines including melanocytic (pigment), hematologic (blood), mast, and germ cells. (creation.com)
The basic purpose of hormesis is maintaining a health condition of homeostasis or better in a cell, organ or entire organism. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

EVs were instrumental in transferring selected miRNAs from HLSCs to human endothelial cells absent in the latter cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
The horizontal transfer of extracellular RNAs carried by EVs has been shown to be able to reprogram hematopoietic progenitors ( 11 ) and to activate endothelial cells ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

However, whether and how other sirtuins, especially nuclear epigenetic regulator Sirt6, regulate mouse somatic reprogramming still remains exclusive. (biomedcentral.com)
These factors may regulate myeloid versus lymphoid balance with age, and can potentially mitigate the long-term deleterious effects of inflammation that lead to hematopoietic pathologies. (biorxiv.org)
In endocrine-sensitive cells, CoREST is recruited to regulatory regions co-bound to ERα and FOXA1 to regulate the estrogen pathway. (bvsalud.org)

Adult neurogenesis occurs in the mammalian olfactory epithelium to maintain populations of neurons that are vulnerable to injury yet essential for olfaction. (bvsalud.org)
PRC2 proteins are expressed in olfactory globose basal cells (GBCs) and nascent neurons. (bvsalud.org)

Specifically, the concepts of tumour heterogeneity, oncogene addiction, non-oncogene addiction, tumour initiating cells, tumour microenvironment, non-coding sequences and DNA damage response will be reviewed. (bmj.com)
The bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) population, which makes up a large part of the hematopoietic microenvironment, encompasses a variety of adherent cell types. (techscience.com)
The cell phenotype is therefore determined by signals that target the cells received within a defined microenvironment. (unicyte.ch)

At an advanced age, the pools of Type B and Type C cells become depleted in part because of replicative senescence and the cells remaining in the pools lose their ability to differentiate as necessary to replace Type D cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Telomerase can add telomeric repeats onto the chromosome ends, and prevents the replication-dependent loss of telomere and cellular senescence in highly proliferative cells of the germline and in the majority of cancers ( Blasco, 2005 ). (nature.com)
DNA methylation changes from primary cultures through senescence-bypassin Syrian hamster fetal cells initially exposed to benzo[a]pyrene. (diagenode.com)

Basically, given the difference of telomere and telomerase activity in human and mouse cells, the telomere and telomerase status in stem cell populations is different between humans and mice ( Harrington, 2004 ). (nature.com)
Δ324 found at low levels in human and mouse cells - an alternative splice variant encoding an 88kDa protein lacking zinc fingers 6 and 7 Δ105 variant is unique to mice, and results in a protein truncated by 105 amino acids at the acidic C-terminus. (wikipedia.org)
To detect the epigenetic drift of time passing, we determined the genome-wide distributions of mono- and tri-methylated lysine 4 and acetylated and tri-methylated lysine 27 of histone H3 in the livers of healthy 3, 6 and 12 months old C57BL/6 mice. (aging-us.com)
In mice, H3K27me3 was found to increase in muscle quiescent stem cells from aged individuals and, thus, is suggested to suppress functions related to stemness [ 17 ]. (aging-us.com)
Clare's lab recently identified a population of progenitor/stem cells in mice that, on transplantation, is sufficient to generate a fully functional thymus. (eurostemcell.org)
Interesting examples of epigenetic modification and reversions have been documented in mice. (creation.com)
Sperm DNA methylation is predominantly stable in mice offspring bornafter transplantation of long-term cultured spermatogonial stem cells. (diagenode.com)
Mice lacking Fh1 in pancreatic β cells (Fh1βKO mice) appear normal for 6-8 weeks but then develop progressive glucose intolerance and diabetes. (shengsci.com)

This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)

The chimeric gene of AML1-MDS1-EVI1 (AME) formed by the chromosomal translocation (3;21)(q26;q22) has also been shown in vitro to upregulate the cell cycle and block granulocytic differentiation of murine hematopoietic cells, as well as to delay the myeloid differentiation of bone marrow progenitors. (wikipedia.org)

Purpose: We have previously shown that TRDMT1 methyltransferase is a regulator of chemotherapy-associated responses in glioblastoma cells. (diagenode.com)
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematopoietic disorders, representing high risk of progression to acute myeloid leukaemia, and frequently associated to somatic mutations, notably in the epigenetic regulator TET2. (diagenode.com)

Thus, it has been argued that the observed bivalency simply reflects cellular heterogeneity arising from the averaging of cells that carry either, but not both, marks at a given locus (Fig. 2). (researchgate.net)

Ideally, iPSC-based therapies in the future will rely on the isolation of skin fibroblasts or keratinocytes, their reprogramming into iPSCs, and the correction of the genetic defect followed by differentiation into the desired cell type and transplantation. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently, the importance of telomere maintenance in human stem cells has been highlighted by studies on dyskeratosis congenital, which is a genetic disorder in the human telomerase component. (nature.com)
Hematopoietic stem cell lineage choices are decided by genetic networks that are turned ON/OFF in a switch-like manner. (lu.se)
We develop a computational model for the hematopoietic erythroid-myeloid lineage decision, which is determined by a genetic switch involving the genes PU.1 and GATA-1. (lu.se)
In addition to basic science investigations in such areas as tumor cell invasion, oncogenes, immunotherapy and genetic inheritance, our scientists and physicians participate in national cancer trials. (upstate.edu)
Approximately half of congenital SNHL is hereditary and is the result of genetic mutations causing improper development of cochlear hair cells. (intechopen.com)
In addition to these basic issues concerning leukemia pathogenesis, we are devising new diagnostic procedures for detecting and monitoring leukemia patients based on molecular genetic abnormalities in the malignant cells. (stanford.edu)
Genetic control of mammalian germ cell differentiation. (columbia.edu)
The research interests of the Wolgemuth lab focus on understanding the genetic control of gametogenesis and embryogenesis using mouse models and gene targeting, transgenic, and molecular and cell biological approaches. (columbia.edu)
Finally, the lab is pursuing studies on the role of retinoid signaling during male germ cell differentiation, again in using molecular genetic approaches in the mouse model, and more recently, pharmacologic intervention. (columbia.edu)
Therefore, EVs may carry genetic information that may be shared among cells ( 11 - 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Citation: Chickarmane V, Enver T, Peterson C (2009) Computational Modeling of the Hematopoietic Erythroid-Myeloid Switch Reveals Insights into Cooperativity, Priming, and Irreversibility. (lu.se)
However, prior to commitment, it has been cells, it is evident that GATA-1 and PU.1 are able to specify observed that many genes are expressed at intermediate or basal erythroid and myeloid cell fates (see [16] and references therein). (lu.se)
Here, we show that young and aged LT-HSCs respond differently to inflammatory stress, such that aged LT-HSCs produce a cell-intrinsic, myeloid-biased expression program. (biorxiv.org)
Using single-cell RNA-seq, we identify a myeloid-biased subset within the LT-HSC population (mLT-HSCs) that is much more common amongst aged LT-HSCs and is uniquely primed to respond to acute inflammatory challenge. (biorxiv.org)
Aged LT-HSCs demonstrate a cell-intrinsic myeloid bias during inflammatory challenge. (biorxiv.org)
During emergency hematopoiesis, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) rapidly proliferate to produce myeloid and lymphoid effector cells, a response that is critical against infection or tissue injury. (bvsalud.org)
Dpf2 loss impaired the polarization of macrophages responsible for tissue repair, induced the unrestrained activation of Th cells, and generated an emergency-like state of HSC hyperproliferation and myeloid cell-biased differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
AXL, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is commonly overexpressed in several solid tumours and numerous hematopoietic malignancies including acute myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphocytic leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma. (cancerindex.org)

T lymphocytes for adoptive cell therapy against hematological cancer. (upstate.edu)
We are investigating how female lymphocytes maintain X-chromosome Inactivation, which is an epigenetic process responsible for equalizing gene expression between sexes. (upenn.edu)

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) have the capacity to self-renew and commit to fully mature specialized blood cell types. (distefano-lab.com)

Other genes affecting coloration are involved in pigment production or development (i.e. regulating the development and migration of pigment cells during embryogenesis). (creation.com)
One locus important in embryogenesis, KIT , has been associated with white coat patterns in several mammalian species and piebaldism in humans. (creation.com)

Epigenetic anomalies develop during carcinogenesis regardless of whether the molecular initiating event is associated with genotoxic (GTx. (diagenode.com)

Cell cycle and differentiation In vitro experiments using both human and mouse cell lines have shown that EVI1 prevents the terminal differentiation of bone marrow progenitor cells to granulocytes and erythroid cells, however it favors the differentiation of hematopoietic cell to megakaryocytes. (wikipedia.org)

We hypothesized that a high fat diet in non-human primates would induce changes in hepatic chromatin structure resulting in altered expression of fetal genes critical to the development of childhood and adult obesity. (nih.gov)

Many human body cell types have a remarkable rate of turnover. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

The localization of RNAs in the cell can influence their folding, editing, splicing, translation, degradation, and even the fate of the proteins they encode. (distefano-lab.com)
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest superfamily of cell-surface signaling proteins. (shengsci.com)
A second area of research involves elucidating the function of the BET family of double bromodomain-containing proteins, proteins that read epigenetic marks, during germ cell differentiation and neural development. (columbia.edu)

It has been hypothesized that it acts as a survival factor in tumor cell lines, preventing therapeutic-induced apoptosis and rendering the tumor cells more resistant to current treatments. (wikipedia.org)
Incidental Langerhans cell histiocytosis associated with metastatic neuroendocrine tumor in the adult liver. (ucsf.edu)
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the seventh most frequently diagnosed tumor in adults in Europe and represents approximately 2.5% of cancer deaths. (cancerindex.org)
Calebin-A induced death of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cells by activation of histone acetyltransferase. (cancerindex.org)

Vesicles derived from adult human liver stem-like cells (HLSCs) have also been shown to contain ribonucleoproteins and different RNA species involved in hepatic regeneration ( 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

As Type D cells die from trauma or apoptosis they are replaced by new cells resulting from differentiation of Type B and Type C cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

During development and lineage specification, pluripotent and adult stem cells generate the diverse arrays of specialized cells of the adult body. (distefano-lab.com)
To further understand the epigenetic regulators for specific lineage differentiation from iPS cell would have great significance for potential regeneration therapy and human disease modeling [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Here we show that bivalent domains and chromosome architecture for bivalent genes are dynamically regulated during the cell cycle in human pluripotent cells. (researchgate.net)
Central to this is the transient increase in H3K4-trimethylation at developmental genes during G1, thereby creating a 'window of opportunity' for cell-fate specification. (researchgate.net)
RNA sequencing was measured to identify the differential expressed genes due to loss of Sirt6 in somatic and pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Long-term efforts of this project will involve developing RAR-alpha selective antagonists, identifying the target genes of RAR-alpha, and determining their function in germ cell-Sertoli cell interactions. (columbia.edu)

Of interest, we have observed in a rodent transgenerational model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) that a diet supplemented with essential nutrients, yet unaltered in its caloric content, prevents adult metabolic disease and is associated with abrogation of reprogrammed gene expression. (nih.gov)
Several other environmental factors including oxy- gen concentration and mechanical, metabolic, and bio- chemical conditions have been shown relevant in cell differentiation and have been reviewed extensively (Fig. 1) [3]. (unicyte.ch)
E6 and Metabolic syndrome and risks of colon and rectal renal cell carcinoma. (who.int)

Recently, alteration of epigenetic state including DNA methylation and discrete alteration of histone modification have been demonstrated to play a critical role during this process [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

However, given that bivalent domains can still be observed-albeit in lower proportion-in unipotent cells such as T cells and MEFs, an admixture of cell populations appears to be an unlikely explanation for the observed coexistence of these marks. (researchgate.net)
In the first part of this review, we will discuss similarities and differences in the identity of microglia and other macrophages, taking into account their developmental origin and the maintenance of the adult populations. (frontiersin.org)

Life depends on constant replenishment of human body cells with new cells created by differentiation of adult stem cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

Recently, RNAs have been shown to be selectively sequestered in cytoplasmic condensates, however, the functional role and composition of RNA condensates during cell fate specification remain unknown. (distefano-lab.com)
De-repression of Sox9 in PRC2-mutant GBCs is accompanied by increased Bowman's gland production, defining an unrecognized role for PRC2 in regulating gland versus neuron cell fate. (bvsalud.org)
The fate of the cell is deter- mined by coordinated and dynamic interactions among a number of factors, acting in a defined microenviron- ment. (unicyte.ch)

Thus, telomerase activity and telomere maintenance are associated with the immortality of cancer cells, germ-line cells, and embryonic stem (ES) cells. (nature.com)
The cellular products of embryonic stem cells routinely come under global influences and give rise to the cells of germ layers and organ rudiments. (iospress.com)
We have demonstrated that cyclin A1 is essential for the progression of spermatocytes into the first meiotic division, that cyclin A2 is required for mitotic divisions of male germ cell stem cells, and that the E-type cyclins have unexpected function during meiosis, notably in the maintenance of telomere integrity. (columbia.edu)

Development of DNA methylation-based epigenetic age predictors inloblolly pine (Pinus taeda). (diagenode.com)

GPR91 is a G protein-coupled cell surface receptor for extracellular succinate (Sucnr1). (haematologica.org)
Role of extracellular RNA-carrying vesicles in cell differentiation and reprogramming. (unicyte.ch)

Membrane vesicles, actively released by cells, represent a mechanism of intercellular communication that is conserved evolutionarily and involves the transfer of molecules able to induce epigenetic changes in recipient cells. (unicyte.ch)

The above list is in order of increasing cell-type specificity and decreasing cell-type potency to differentiate into other cell types. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

The thymus plays a central role in the development of the body's immune system as it is the main site in which T cells are generated. (eurostemcell.org)
In addition, new stem cell technologies entail enlisting immune cells as anticancer agents. (pas.va)
Our work establishes an essential role of the DPF2-BAF complex in licensing NRF2-dependent gene expression in HSCs and immune effector cells to prevent chronic inflammation. (bvsalud.org)
BACKGROUND: Immune evasion in glioblastoma (GBM) shields cancer cells from cytotoxic immune response. (diagenode.com)

As stem cells have elongated proliferative capacity, they should have a mechanism that maintains telomere length through many cell divisions. (nature.com)

Anatomy69

Organisms22

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs55

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment42

Phenomena and Processes56

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care1

Progenitor cell4

Transcriptional11

Regulation7

Mesenchymal5

Regulates1

Regenerative5

Histone modifications4

Embryonic and adult2

Modifications5

Proliferation5

Pathways6

Pluripotent stem7

Somatic cells11

Alterations3

Tissues8

Mechanisms8

20161

Neural stem1

Biology5

Homeostasis5

Endothelial cells2

Regulate3

Neurons2

Microenvironment3

Senescence3

Mice8

Transcription1

Progenitors1

Regulator2

Heterogeneity1

Genetic11

Myeloid8

Lymphocytes2

HSPCs1

Embryogenesis2

Molecular1

Differentiation of bone marrow1

Chromatin structure1

Turnover1

Proteins3

Tumor4

Hepatic1

Apoptosis1

Lineage2

Genes4

Metabolic3

Alteration1

Populations2

Created by differentiation1

Fate3

Germ3

Methylation1

Extracellular2

Recipient cells1

Potency1

Immune4

Mechanism1