• The transplant procedure requires the harvesting of hematopoietic stem cells from a donor. (medscape.com)
  • Hopefully, following the recommendations made in the guidelines will reduce morbidity and mortality from opportunistic infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. (cdc.gov)
  • The clinical application cells began in 1956 with the first successful bone marrow transplant, performed between twins, with bone marrow taken from the healthy identical twin, and given to the other, who had leukaemia. (mastercellbank.com)
  • Its clinical introduction in 1986 replaced bone marrow (BM) as a stem cell source to almost 100% in the and to autologous approximately 75% in the allogeneic transplant setting. (mastercellbank.com)
  • The first successful cord blood stem cell transplant was performed 30 years ago in October 1988 with a boy with Fanconi anemia. (mastercellbank.com)
  • For the past thirty years, cord blood has been used within transplant medicine, including for the treatment of leukemia and other blood diseases. (bioinformant.com)
  • For most conditions in which a bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplant is an option, a cord blood transplant is a potential alternative. (bioinformant.com)
  • Five years later in 1988, the first successful cord blood transplant to restore a patient's blood and immune system cells took place in France. (bioinformant.com)
  • In addition to a long history of use within transplant medicine, human cord blood cells are playing a growing role within regenerative medicine. (bioinformant.com)
  • It is also interesting to consider the common disease categories treatable with cord blood transplant, as shown in the table below. (bioinformant.com)
  • In these situations, the patient may receive an autologous transplant. (bioinformant.com)
  • In addition, there is a range of disease categories for which cord blood transplant could represent a viable treatment method in the future. (bioinformant.com)
  • For these conditions, there are still unknown criteria that need to be determined before the cord blood stem cell transplant can become commonplace, such as patient criteria for optimal treatment effectiveness, optimum stem cell quantity for use in transplant, and preferred method of stem cell delivery into the patient, as shown below. (bioinformant.com)
  • In April 1960, Dr. Álvaro Gómez-Leal, presented during the first meeting of the Agrupación Mexicana para el Estudio de la Hematología, A.C., data on a transplant of allogeneic stem cells in a patient with acute leukemia done in Monterrey, Mexico: the patient received high-dose chemotherapy followed by stem cells from the bone marrow of his brother, improving and obtaining remission for months but relapsing and subsequently died. (revistadehematologia.org.mx)
  • There are exciting new developments in the field of autologous transplant of genetically modified hematopoietic stem/progenitor CD34+ cells. (childrenshospital.org)
  • Cord blood stem cell technologies analyzed in this study include Stem Cell Transplant, Cord Blood Banking, Blood Transfusion, Cell Based Genetics and Xenotransplant. (industry-experts.com)
  • According to data from the Spanish Register of Tumours in Infants (RETI), ours it the Department that treats the most children in Spain, and is the leading centre for the transplant of haematopoietic progenitors or stem cells (better known as "bone marrow transplants"), having performed more than 1200 such operations. (vallhebron.com)
  • Transplant of haematopoietic progenitors (autologous, allogeneic relatives and unrelated donors). (vallhebron.com)
  • It may be performed using cells from the patient's own body (autologous transplant) or cells from a donor (allogeneic transplant). (mayo.edu)
  • However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)
  • Understand the processes involved in stem cell transplant. (ebmt.org)
  • Familiarize trainees with important clinical aspects of stem cell transplant and cellular therapy, including pharmacology, patient monitoring, and recognition and basic management of complications. (ebmt.org)
  • What is the number of cells needed in a stem cell transplant? (stemlife.com)
  • The number of cells needed in a transplant varies but at least 20 million nucleated cells per kg of body weight of recipient is desirable. (stemlife.com)
  • In general, successful outcome for stem cells transplant also depends on other factors like cell viability, HLA matching and severity of the patient's condition. (stemlife.com)
  • That could be a problem if you are trying to get enough stem cells for a transplant of an older sibling. (stemlife.com)
  • [ 14 ] The first successful allogeneic stem cell transplant from an HLA-identical sibling donor was reported in 1982. (medscape.com)
  • Infection and graft-versus-host disease are major complications of allogeneic HSCT. (wikipedia.org)
  • Opportunistic infections (OIs) are defined as any in- the infusion of hematopoietic stem cells from a donor fections that occur with increased frequency or severity into a patient who has received chemotherapy, which in HSCT patients. (cdc.gov)
  • There pediatric and adult autologous and allogeneic HSCT patients. (cdc.gov)
  • Allogeneic HSCT carries significant risks such as rejection of the graft, infection, graft versus host disease (GVHD), and potential long-term side effects, translating into a 50% morbidity and mortality rate at 3 years post HSCT. (smart-immune.com)
  • Smart Immune's ProTcell platform is designed to reconstitute a T-cell compartment in around three months , compared with 12-18 months through the standard HSCT approach, significantly reducing the time to full immune recovery and possibly opening access to allogeneic medicine to more patients. (smart-immune.com)
  • The successful application of HSCT for diseases such as leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, and inherited blood disorders underscored its broad applicability in clinical practice (Snowden et al. (revistadehematologia.org.mx)
  • this is used in both autologous and allogenic HSCT. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The allogeneic HSCT was the most frequently performed (57.14%) and the most used source of Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) was the peripheral blood (54.29%) and 5.71% of these patients developed the Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD), of which one was affected by acute GVHD and another by chronic GVHD. (bvsalud.org)
  • The profile of the clinical variables presented by the children and adolescents of this study shows that the most prevalent diagnosis was ALL, the most frequent toxicities were gastrointestinal, cardiac, respiratory and hematological, the most common HSCT was allogeneic peripheral blood and the greatest cause of mortality was sepsis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cell therapy, cytotherapy, cytotherapeutics has the potential to provide cures for many significant ailments and disorders by repairing and reversing disease through regenerative medicine. (mastercellbank.com)
  • The use of cell therapy for vascular regeneration offers an exciting new prospect in regenerative medicine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the novel and exciting field of regenerative medicine, umbilical cord blood (UCB), also known as placental blood, is no longer considered biological waste. (sajbl.org.za)
  • Advancements in science and technology have enabled in increasing the number of preserved cord blood units being used in regenerative medicine applications. (industry-experts.com)
  • Latest scientific evidence offered by regenerative medicine has proved that using one's own stem cells is likely to deliver the most favorable outcomes. (industry-experts.com)
  • From "adult stem cells" to "xenotransplantation," learn about common and specialized regenerative medicine terms. (mayo.edu)
  • The discovery of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) at the turn of the century opened the door to a new generation of regenerative medicine research. (molcells.org)
  • Learn about the impact of aging on the HSC niche and its implications for haematopoietic disorders and regenerative medicine. (ebmt.org)
  • The use of ASCs in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering research has important advantages in comparison with ESCs, since there are no ethical complications and the process of differentiation of these cells is better controlled. (bvsalud.org)
  • 8,9 Because dental stem cells (DSCs) are easy to obtain and present a great potential of differentiation, there has been a growing interest in their use in regenerative medicine for treatment of various human diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • Stem cells are not only widely used for regenerative medicine, but are also considered as a useful tool for cancer treatment. (bmrat.org)
  • It may be autologous (the patient's own stem cells are used), allogeneic (the stem cells come from a donor) or syngeneic (from an identical twin). (wikipedia.org)
  • Allogeneic transplants are further categorized by the degree of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) match between the donor and recipient. (medscape.com)
  • A new cell therapy, donor lymphocyte infusion, emerged in the 1990s to ensure that the donor stem cells remain engrafted whereby lymphocytes from the blood of a donor are given to a patient who has already received a hematopoietic stem cells from the same donor. (mastercellbank.com)
  • T-cell therapies can be manufactured from different materials (mature T-cells, stem cells, possibly induced pluripotent stem cells) and from different sources (the patient or a donor). (smart-immune.com)
  • UCB's advantages over other sources of stem cells such as adult bone marrow and embryonic stem cells include easy procurement, minimal risk to the donor, excellent proliferation and differentiation, immediate availability, and autologous use. (sajbl.org.za)
  • Most of these therapies require allogeneic transplants, where the patient must use a genetically-matched cord blood donor. (bioinformant.com)
  • Nuclear transfer efficiency is enhanced by introduction of compatible cytoplasm or mitochondrial DNA (same species or similar to donor cell or nucleus). (justia.com)
  • The process of removing all the cells from a donor organ, such as a heart or lung, leaving behind just a tissue scaffold. (mayo.edu)
  • This way of making iPSCs from adult cells circumvents the need to destroy an embryo from living donor. (bmrat.org)
  • An assessment of over 20 commonly targeted therapeutic areas and details of stem cell-based therapies being developed to treat the same conditions. (blavida.com)
  • Biostór / Master Cell Bank is a leading EU-licensed Tissue Establishment (TE) storing life-saving cell therapies, GMP Cell Banks and Clinical Trial samples since 2007. (mastercellbank.com)
  • Human iPSC derived cardiovascular and neuronal cells are being used in preclinical studies and will find use in clinical application as cell therapies. (mastercellbank.com)
  • Smart Immune is the first company to develop thymus-empowered allogeneic T-cell therapies and advance them into clinical testing through its T-cell progenitor platform, ProTcell. (smart-immune.com)
  • Researchers are working to train T-cells to recognize specific types of cancer by developing CAR T-cell therapies. (smart-immune.com)
  • CAR T-cell therapies can be compared to a personalized radar that target a specific type of cancer. (smart-immune.com)
  • Several CAR T-cell therapies are already on the market and available for patients in the USA and the European Union. (smart-immune.com)
  • ProTcell is Smart Immune's thymus-empowered T-cell therapy platform to fully and rapidly re-arm the immune system, aimed at enabling next-generation allogeneic T-cell therapies for all. (smart-immune.com)
  • The ProTcell platform has the potential for enabling a broad range of future applications including CAR ProTcell for allogeneic, long-lasting, targeted immuno-oncology therapies. (smart-immune.com)
  • The present invention provides stem cells enriched with healthy functional mitochondria, and therapeutic methods utilizing such cells for the alleviation of debilitating conditions, including aging, and age-related diseases as well as the debilitating effects of anti-cancer therapies in subjects in need thereof. (justia.com)
  • There has been a rapid surge in clinical trials involving stem cell therapies over the last two to three years and those trials are establishing the clinical pathways for an emergent new medicine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are many studies involving autologous therapies and some allogenic therapies, based on the recovery of mobilized bone marrow cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and adipose derived stem cells that also include the stromal or adherent cell type that has an MSC phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies are on the verge of becoming powerful immunotherapeutic tools for combating hematological diseases confronted with pressing medical needs. (nature.com)
  • Lately, CAR-NK cell therapies have also come into focus as novel therapeutic options to address hurdles related to CAR-T cell therapies, such as therapy-induced side effects. (nature.com)
  • In this review, we are going to take a closer look at the commercial CAR-T cell therapies, as well as on CAR-T and CAR-NK cell products, which are currently under evaluation in clinical trials, that are being conducted in Germany. (nature.com)
  • Expectant parents can decide to store their baby's cord blood in a family bank and the stem cells are immediately available for use in medical treatments, such as future therapies requiring repair or replacement of damaged heart tissues. (industry-experts.com)
  • From a research, medical, and business standpoint, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies are fascinating. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among PSCs, the donors available for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are greatest, providing a potentially universal cell source for all types of cell therapies including cancer immunotherapies using natural killer (NK cells). (molcells.org)
  • The patient experienced relapse 2 years after receiving first-line therapies, which included chemotherapy, surgical resection, irradiation, and autologous peripheral SCT. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusion: stem cells from dental origin are an interesting alternative for research and application in regenerative therapies in Dentistry. (bvsalud.org)
  • Elsa Abranches, Head of Cell Therapy Bioprocess Development and Manufacturing of AstraZeneca, gave a brilliant talk about developing cell and gene therapies for commercialization from a pharmaceutical perspective. (personalizemymedicine.com)
  • Cell and gene therapies are very novel therapies. (personalizemymedicine.com)
  • Participate in person or virtually in impactful conversations regarding patient needs, therapies, and access to cell and gene therapy with advocates, industry representatives, researchers, and providers. (factglobal.org)
  • However, for cell therapies MSC have to be expanded and/or manipulated to obtain a sufficient amount of cells that can be subsequently used for treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Donors for allogeneic transplants may be related or unrelated to the recipient. (medscape.com)
  • Cord blood stem cell transplants have now been successfully given to treat patients with more than 70 diseases. (mastercellbank.com)
  • At the time they performed the first transplants surprisingly little was known about hematopoietic stem cells, immune responses to transplants or the complex human leucocyte antigen system. (revistadehematologia.org.mx)
  • With more than 6,000 transplants of cord blood from related and unrelated donors performed thus far, cord blood has emerged as an acceptable, alternative source of HPCs that has some advantages over adult sources of HPCs and the availability of which represents an important development in the field. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) the most significant stem cells for cell therapy were first isolated and characterized in 1974 and have been used in the clinic since 2004. (mastercellbank.com)
  • MSCs are multipotent stromal cells that make and restore skeletal tissue and can differentiate into diverse cell types: bone, cartilage, muscle and fat. (mastercellbank.com)
  • Bone marrow was the original and most common source of MSCs and they are also found in Wharton's Jelly, Cord Blood, Adipose Tissue, Molar Teeth, Amniotic Fluid and Peripheral Blood. (mastercellbank.com)
  • This includes bone and cartilage repair, cell types into which MSCs readily differentiate, and immune conditions such as graft versus host disease and autoimmune conditions that utilize the MSC's immune suppressive properties. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The use of patient's own bone marrow aspirates, hematopoietic stem cells and MSCs, for heart muscle tissue repair can be puzzling because these cells do not normally contribute to the cardiac lineage types that are desired. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a subject of intense experimental and biomedical interest. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pain management, osteochondral, nerve, or blood vessel support by MSCs derived from both autologous and allogeneic sources have been examined. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MSCs can be defined by their ability to adhere to tissue culture plastic, their expression of several cell surface molecular epitopes-cluster of differentiation CD73, CD90, and CD105, and others-as well as their lack of several surface markers, including CD45 [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because of this alternative use of MSCs, Caplan and Sorell [ 14 ] suggested a renaming of MSCs to medicinal signaling cells to suggest a new era of MSC clinical relevance due to their immunomodulatory properties. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MSCs have the capacity of multiple differentiations and self-renewal and have been proven to be able to differentiate into a series of cell lineages, such as adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondroblasts, and hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs). (springer.com)
  • Cell-based therapy utilizing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is an attractive option for augmenting the fracture repair process. (hindawi.com)
  • Osteoprogenitor MSCs not only differentiate into bone, but they also exert modulatory effects on immune cells via a variety of mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
  • In this paper, we review the current literature on both in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of the immune system in fracture repair, the use of MSCs in the enhancement of fracture healing, and interactions between MSCs and immune cells. (hindawi.com)
  • The normal process of fracture repair begins with an immediate inflammatory response as the innate immune system (macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells) responds with a variety of cytokines that recruit and activate several cell types, including osteoprogenitor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to the site of injury [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, have the capacity to differentiate into a variety of cell types (Figure 1 ), including adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Coupled with reports that allogeneic MSCs have immunoprivileged status and immunomodulatory properties, there has been considerable interest in exploring the use of these cells as a therapeutic option for bone repair. (hindawi.com)
  • MSCs have also been derived from embryonic tissues, such as Wharton's jelly and umbilical cord blood [ 13 , 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Adipose-derived MSCs, in particular, pose an attractive option for cell-based therapy due to their relatively decreased morbidity during isolation and potential for expansion and differentiation [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Multipotential differentiation of MSCs into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic cell lineages. (hindawi.com)
  • MSCs are able to evade the host cell immune system due to their low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and complete lack MHC class II molecules and other costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD40L, CD80, and CD86) required for immune cell stimulation [ 15 - 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition to their stem/progenitor properties, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess broad immunoregulatory properties that are being investigated for potential clinical application in treating immune-based disorders. (pdffox.com)
  • Introduction Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adult, fibroblast-like multipotent cells characterized by the ability to differentiate into tissues of mesodermal origin, such as adipocytes, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts (Friedenstein et al. (pdffox.com)
  • 1999). First identified and isolated from the bone marrow (BM), MSCs can now be expanded from a variety of other tissues including adipose tissue (AT), umbilical cord blood (UCB), skin, tendon, muscle, and dental pulp (Im et al. (pdffox.com)
  • In response to this challenge, the International Society for Cellular Therapy formulated minimal criteria for defining MSCs in order to create a broader consensus for more uniform characterization of these cells (Dominici et al. (pdffox.com)
  • 2007). In addition to their stem/progenitor properties, MSCs have also been shown to possess broad immunoregulatory abilities and are capable of influencing both adaptive and innate immune responses. (pdffox.com)
  • This ability of MSCs to adopt a different phenotype in response to sensing an inflammatory environment is not captured in assays that are commonly used to characterize these cells, but it is crucial for understanding their therapeutic potential in immune-mediated disorders. (pdffox.com)
  • In vitro cell culture and animal studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the capacity to modify immune responses and to enhance tissue repair. (bmj.com)
  • Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are cells of non-haematopoietic origin, with the capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages of the mesenchyme, that is, chondrocytes, osteoblasts and adipocytes. (bmj.com)
  • iii) absence of several haematopoietic and endothelial markers (ie, CD45, CD34, CD11b or CD14, CD79 or CD19 and HLA-DR in human MSCs). (bmj.com)
  • 1 Unique MSC-specific markers have not yet been identified, and MSCs constitute a heterogeneous cell population, including both multipotent (stem) cells and progenitor cells and might even contain pluripotent cell fractions. (bmj.com)
  • 2 MSCs were first described in the bone marrow where they constitute a small fraction of cells (0.001%-0.01%) that closely interact with haematopoietic cells to support haematopoiesis and skeletal homeostasis. (bmj.com)
  • 3 4 Since then, it has become evident that MSCs reside in many tissues, including mesenchymal tissues (bone, adipose tissue, connective tissue), umbilical cord and several organs including the liver, spleen and lung. (bmj.com)
  • Following early observations that MSCs inhibit T-cell proliferation, 9 MSCs were found to interact with the majority of innate and adaptive immune cells. (bmj.com)
  • The most common cells used in this method are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), multipotent stem cells primarily found in bone marrow and capable of differentiating into bone, tendon, cartilage, muscle, ligament, fat, and marrow stroma. (springeropen.com)
  • Adipose tissue (AT) represents a commonly used source of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) whose proregenerative potential has been widely investigated in multiple clinical trials worldwide. (mdpi.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ASCs, and were first described in 1966 by Friedenstein et al. (bvsalud.org)
  • MSCs can be isolated from different locations, such as bone marrow, umbilical cord, placenta, adipose and dental tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the medulla of the bone (bone marrow) and have the unique ability to give rise to all of the different mature blood cell types and tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • HSCs are self-renewing cells: when they differentiate, at least some of their daughter cells remain as HSCs, so the pool of stem cells is not depleted. (wikipedia.org)
  • The other daughters of HSCs (myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells) can follow any of the other differentiation pathways that lead to the production of one or more specific types of blood cell, but cannot renew themselves. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) used in the treatment of cancers and other immune system disorders are found in the red bone marrow in the central part of most bones but principally in the pelvis, femur, and sternum. (mastercellbank.com)
  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are defined as stem cells that have a preference for becoming cells of the blood and immune system, such as white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. (bioinformant.com)
  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the stem cells that repopulate the blood and immune system within humans, via a process known as haematopoiesis. (bioinformant.com)
  • 2 HSCs are primarily found in bone marrow niches, but a small fraction of HSCs can also be found in the peripheral blood. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • 3 Following exogenous stimulation, such as chemotherapy or using growth factors such as granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and filgrastim, the number of HSCs in the peripheral blood increases, either becoming on par or even exceeding the number in the bone marrow. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • 4 CD34 expression is historically related to hematopoietic cells and it is considered as the marker of HSCs. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Flow cytometric enumeration of CD34+ HSCs and progenitor cells is an established method for the evaluation of bone marrow and stem cell grafts. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • A type of cell derived from amniotic fluid, which is the liquid that surrounds a developing fetus in the amniotic sac. (mayo.edu)
  • Mesenchymal stromal cells: a novel therapy for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? (bmj.com)
  • All blood cells are divided into three lineages. (wikipedia.org)
  • Progenitor cell therapy describes the use of multipotent cells of various cell lineages (autologous or allogeneic) for tissue repair and/or regeneration. (southcarolinablues.com)
  • These may be classified into those that result in pancytopenia and those limited to failure of 1 or 2 hematopoietic lineages. (medscape.com)
  • These committed progenitor cells are difficult to discern from the original multipotent cells but can be cultured to form colonies of specific types of blood cells (Guyton and Hall, 2000). (nationalacademies.org)
  • 1992). Since then, hematopoietic stem cells, with their unique ability to differentiate into various blood cell types, have proven to be a revolutionary tool in the treatment of numerous hematological disorders. (revistadehematologia.org.mx)
  • There already exist several protocols to genetically modify and differentiate iPSCs into NK cells, and each has its own advantages with regards to immunotherapies. (molcells.org)
  • Stem cells (SCs) are undifferentiated cells with self-renewal ability and capacity to differentiate into specialized cell types. (bvsalud.org)
  • Due to the ability to self-renew and to differentiate into cells that are found throughout the body, there is a great interest in using stem cells for the regeneration of injured tissues as well as to develop tissue-engineered implants and bio-hybrid organs, in order to restore tissue function. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our bodies contain a pool of stem cells that have the ability to differentiate into any other cell type in the body. (bmrat.org)
  • Stem cells are widely defined by two main characteristics: the ability to self-renew (divide in a way that reproduces more identical stem cells) and to differentiate (to turn stem cells into specialized cells that form different organs and tissues). (bmrat.org)
  • Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts provide potential for the development of novel treatment strategies, such as improved healing of large bone defects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most CAR-T cell-based gene therapy products that are under clinical evaluation consist of autologous enriched T cells, whereas CAR-NK cell-based approaches can be generated from allogeneic donors. (nature.com)
  • The clinical presentation of patients with aplastic anemia includes signs and symptoms related to the decrease in bone marrow production of hematopoietic cells. (medscape.com)
  • The etiology of bone marrow failure (BMF) includes defective stem/progenitor cells and/or stroma/accessory cells/growth factors, as well as deficient nonspecific nutrients or, as in the case of acquired aplastic anemia, immune-mediated abnormalities. (medscape.com)
  • Notably, autologous cord blood mononuclear cells (ACBMNCs) can substantially prevent severe BPD and decrease the inflammatory response in surviving very preterm neonates. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Our previous study demonstrated that autologous cord blood mononuclear cells (ACBMNCs), which are rich in stem cells, could substantially prevent moderate or severe BPD in surviving very preterm neonates, and that the immunomodulatory effect of MNCs contributed in mitigating the severity of BPD ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Other cells can be used in tendinopathy such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), bone marrow cells, bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs), and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) [ 2 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • This study aimed to identify the density of mononuclear cells (MNCs) and CD34+ cells in the bone marrow of patients with three neurologic conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) consist of hemopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells together with progenitors of endothelial cells or somatic cells [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we aimed to identify the concentrations of mononuclear cells (MNCs) and CD34+ cells in the bone marrow of these patients and their correlation with treatment outcomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An elaborate discussion on the various strategies that can be adopted by stem cell therapy developers across different stages of product development and commercialization. (blavida.com)
  • Progenitor cell therapy is being investigated for the treatment of damaged myocardium resulting from acute or chronic cardiac ischemia and for refractory angina. (southcarolinablues.com)
  • For individuals who have acute cardiac ischemia who receive progenitor cell therapy, the evidence includes 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 200 patients, numerous small RCTs, and meta-analyses of these RCTs. (southcarolinablues.com)
  • For individuals who have chronic cardiac ischemia who receive progenitor cell therapy, the evidence includes a nonrandomized comparative trial and systematic reviews of smaller RCTs. (southcarolinablues.com)
  • For individuals who have refractory angina who receive progenitor cell therapy, the evidence includes phase 2 trials and a phase 3 pivotal trial. (southcarolinablues.com)
  • Additional larger trials are needed to determine whether progenitor cell therapy improves health outcomes in patients with refractory angina. (southcarolinablues.com)
  • Peripheral blood stem cell transplantations (PBSCT) are now the most common cell therapy procedure. (mastercellbank.com)
  • The cell therapy industry is rapidly expanding. (mastercellbank.com)
  • What is T-cell therapy? (smart-immune.com)
  • Treating such diseases remains difficult and several strategies have been used to stimulate the growth of blood vessels and promote regeneration of ischaemic tissues, such as the use of recombinant proteins and gene therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cells for vascular therapy must be able to home to ischaemic or damaged tissue and engage in vessel formation alone or in unison with resident vasculature to achieve a controlled and functional reperfusion event, without causing pathological angiogenesis (for example, proliferative retinopathy in the vitreous of the eye). (biomedcentral.com)
  • A cell therapy approach should be aimed at promoting revascularisation of ischaemic tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, one should consider cell choice, a critical aspect of any cell therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In view of the fact that UCB has become a valuable, non-invasive source of stem cells for regenerative therapy, establishment of a public cord blood bank (CBB) in South Africa would vastly improve the availability of haematopoietic stem cells for research and therapeutic uses, and increase the tissue genetic diversity that currently impedes the South African bone marrow registry. (sajbl.org.za)
  • 2 UCB is at the forefront of research exploring gene therapy, prenatal diagnosis, immune cell therapy, antibiotic efficacy and identification of new proteins. (sajbl.org.za)
  • The present invention relates to stem cells enriched with functional mitochondria, and therapeutic methods utilizing such cells to diminish the debilitating effects of various conditions, including aging and age-related diseases as well as the debilitating effects of anti-cancer therapy treatments. (justia.com)
  • EDIT-301 is an investigational cell therapy consisting of autologous CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells edited by CRISPR/CAS12a at the gamma globin gene (HBG1 and HBG2). (drugbank.com)
  • Besides modification based on a second-generation CAR, more advanced CAR-immune cell therapeutics are being tested, which utilize precise insertion of genes to circumvent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) or employ a dual targeting approach and adapter CARs in order to avoid therapy resistance caused by antigen loss. (nature.com)
  • The addition of separate adapter molecules (AMs) specific for tumor antigens and CAR-immune cells targeting these AMs allows a more precise and temporally limited therapy. (nature.com)
  • An autologous CAR-T or NK cell therapy comprises several steps as shown in Fig. 1 . (nature.com)
  • Notably, stem cell-based paracrine cytokine treatment, with its anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory ability ( 9 , 10 ) has been regarded as a promising therapy for BPD in preclinical models and clinical studies ( 10 - 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Based on our findings, we suggest that 131 I-MIBG treatment with myeloablative allogeneic SCT should be considered as first-line therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma patients when possible. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this review, we discuss the rationale for MSC-based cell therapy in COPD, the main findings from in vitro and in vivo preclinical COPD model studies, clinical trials in patients with COPD and directions for further research. (bmj.com)
  • Despite substantial animal evidence, cell therapy in humans remains in its infancy. (springeropen.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the potential therapeutic effects and safety of cell therapy in the treatment of tendon disorders. (springeropen.com)
  • According to the PRISMA guideline, a systematic review was performed on clinical studies concerning cell therapy in tendon disorders. (springeropen.com)
  • Among the rotator cuff studies, 4 comparative studies claimed that cell therapy is a more efficient treatment with a lower retear rate and pain level compared to the control group. (springeropen.com)
  • For Achilles tendinopathies, only one randomized controlled trial (RCT) found that both cell therapy and control groups showed significant pain reduction and functional improvement with no statistical differences at the 6 months follow-up, but the cell therapy group had improved faster at earlier follow-ups. (springeropen.com)
  • Cell therapy showed promising results and the available evidence suggests that it is safe at several sites of tendon disease. (springeropen.com)
  • Based on available evidence, cell therapy should be suggested in specific conditions at each site. (springeropen.com)
  • To approve cell therapy for tendon diseases, randomized clinical trials are required with a large sample size and long-term follow-ups. (springeropen.com)
  • However, the standardization of the manufacturing process of MSC-based cell therapy medicinal products in compliance with the requirements of the local authorities is obligatory and will allow us to obtain the necessary permits for product administration according to its intended use. (mdpi.com)
  • The number of stem cells required for therapy will depend on the treatment regimen and your attending doctor. (stemlife.com)
  • For a long time, stem cells have been utilized to renew the immune system for radiation or chemo- therapy treated patients. (bmrat.org)
  • Cell therapy involves transferring new, healthy cells into the body to replace diseased cells and thereby modulate other cells present in patient´s body. (personalizemymedicine.com)
  • Cell therapy can be used to reverse disease and restore damaged organs. (personalizemymedicine.com)
  • Understanding disease mechanisms and developing gene and protein technologies as well as advances in cell cultures and manufacturing have allowed the field of cell therapy to see significant growth in the last 30 years. (personalizemymedicine.com)
  • Lumbar puncture Procedure code and Description 62270 T Spinal puncture, lumbar, diagnostic 0206 $373 $204 62272 T Spinal puncture, therapeutic, for drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (by needle or catheter) 0206 $373 $204 62273 T Injection, epidural, of blood or clot patch 0207 $672 $368 What is a Lumbar Puncture? (anesthesiabilling.org)
  • It is a therapeutic option for treating several serious blood cancers and some other conditions. (smart-immune.com)
  • Recently, there has been growing interest in the therapeutic potential of using a cell-based approach to treat vasodegenerative disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In particular, we focus on the therapeutic potential of endothelial progenitor cells as an exciting new option for the treatment of ischaemic diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is a therapeutic window in which to deliver the cells, to avoid extensive tissue damage, fibrosis and necrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a source of non-embryonic stem cells, UCB has found potential uses as a therapeutic modality in more than 80 clinical applications, both haematological and non-haematological. (sajbl.org.za)
  • Prior to infusion of the CAR-modified immune cells, lymphodepletion is performed in most therapeutic settings to allow efficient cell engraftment [ 10 ]. (nature.com)
  • The statistical tables represent the data for the global market value by geographic regions, cord blood stem cell technologies and therapeutic areas. (industry-experts.com)
  • Dendritic cells-based therapeutic approach may be a potential strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. (medsci.org)
  • Recently, stem cells are being engineered to carry therapeutic reagents to target tumor sites. (bmrat.org)
  • With a variety of assays we could show that MSC represent a cell population which can be expanded for therapeutic applications. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In recent years mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have generated a great deal of interest as a potential source for cell-based therapeutic strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The lymphoid lineage is composed of T-cells, B-cells and natural killer cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cells of the myeloid lineage, which include granulocytes, megakaryocytes and macrophages, are derived from common myeloid progenitors, and are involved in such diverse roles as innate immunity and blood clotting. (wikipedia.org)
  • While numerous teams continue to refine and expand the role of bone marrow and cord blood stem cells for their vanguard uses in blood and immune disorders, many others are looking to expand the uses of the various types of stem cells found in bone marrow and cord blood, in particular mesenchymal stem cells, to uses beyond those that could be corrected by replacing cells in their own lineage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • More research teams are accelerating the use of other types of adult stem cells, in particular neural stem cells for diseases where beneficial outcome could result from either in-lineage cell replacement or extracellular factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overall, this evidence has suggested that progenitor cell treatment may be a promising intervention, but robust data on clinical outcomes are lacking. (southcarolinablues.com)
  • Hardly a day goes by without hearing of some new cell involved in a new disease treatment: Numerous cellular immunotherapies are currently in clinical development, using natural killer cells, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, polyclonal or antigen-specific T cells and lymphokine-activated killer cells. (mastercellbank.com)
  • Smart Immune announced in October 2022 that SMART102, a human T-cell progenitor cell injection derived from cord blood using the ProTcell platform, has entered clinical testing with the first adult patient treated. (smart-immune.com)
  • This review will examine the clinical potential of several stem and progenitor cells that may be utilised to regenerate defunct or damaged vasculature and restore blood flow to the ischaemic tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In recent years, clinical trials with stem cells have taken the emerging field in many new directions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The rapid advance of stem cell clinical trials for a broad spectrum of conditions warrants an update of the review by Trounson (2009) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Placenta-derived stem cells are being considered for similar uses and are in Phase III clinical trial for critical limb ischemia by Israel's Pluristem Therapeutics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A significant proportion of clinical studies that are underway involve bone marrow and cord blood stem cells for blood and immune disorders [ 3 ] and cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have chosen to concentrate on the emerging therapeutics that broadly involves a wide range of cell types in clinical trials registered on the National Institutes of Health's clinical trials web site. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We then outline preclinical approaches that employ CAR-NK cells for GB immunotherapy, and give an overview on the ongoing clinical development of ErbB2 (HER2)-specific CAR-NK cells currently applied in a phase I clinical trial in glioblastoma patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • B lood cell differentiation begins with multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), which are located in the marrow spaces of the bone. (nationalacademies.org)
  • These primitive cells undergo division and differentiation to form the various peripheral blood cells. (nationalacademies.org)
  • While acknowledging progress in the other areas mentioned, this work will focus on the current debates concerning sourcing, MSC alterations of angiogenesis, cell differentiation/stimulation, and strategies to improve MSC differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Accordingly, scientists have developed protocols for the expansion, genetic modification and differentiation of stem cells to NK cells. (molcells.org)
  • Despite growing experience and knowledge concerning human MSC and their use in cell-based strategies, the molecular mechanisms that govern MSC self-renewal, expansion and multilineage differentiation are not well understood and remain an active area of investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We monitored these cells during their expansion ex vivo with respect to proliferation kinetics, surface marker profile and differentiation potential. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For many hematopoietic malignancies, collection and infusion of CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells following chemotherapy is critical. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • All the studies administered autologous cells, except one that used allogenic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Allogenic AD-MSC). (springeropen.com)
  • One great advantage of MSC is that these cells may be directly obtained from individual patients, thereby eliminating the complications associated with immune rejection of allogenic tissue and infectious diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • No controlled study has been performed on elbow tendinopathies, but 5 case series demonstrated the effectiveness of cell injection in elbow tendon disorders. (springeropen.com)
  • The precise pathophysiology of inherited single cell and multilineage cytopenias has not been elucidated despite the identification of many of the genes mutated in these disorders. (medscape.com)
  • When bone marrow develops, it eventually assumes the task of forming most of the blood cells for the entire organism. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is most often performed for patients with certain cancers of the blood or bone marrow, such as multiple myeloma or leukemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • These progenitor cells have greater clonal expansion and proliferative capacity than normal bone marrow cells. (sajbl.org.za)
  • 2 , 3 Normally, the bone marrow serves as the source for replenishing the cellular components of peripheral blood including red and white blood cells and platelets. (sajbl.org.za)
  • By 1983, the use of cord blood as an alternative to bone marrow had been proposed. (bioinformant.com)
  • WO 2016/135723 to the present inventors discloses mammalian bone marrow cells enriched with mitochondria for treatment of mitochondrial diseases. (justia.com)
  • Effects of hematopoietic stem cell adhesion on marrow stromal cell cytokine p. (rochester.edu)
  • CD34, a transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein, is present on immature hematopoietic precursor cells and all hematopoietic colony-forming cells in bone marrow and blood, including unipotent and pluripotent progenitor cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Low-power view of hematoxylin-eosin-stained bone marrow showing hypocellularity, with increased adipose tissue and decreased hematopoietic cells in the marrow space. (medscape.com)
  • The theoretical basis for marrow failure includes primary defects in or damage to the stem cell or the marrow microenvironment. (medscape.com)
  • External insults (eg, infections, radiation, drugs) may disrupt stem cell homeostasis in marrow environment, leading to altered growth. (medscape.com)
  • A medical procedure in which healthy bone marrow stem cells are injected into the body to replace damaged or diseased bone marrow. (mayo.edu)
  • The highest density of MNCs in each ml of bone marrow was found in patients with CP due to OD, whereas the percentage of CD34+ cells was the highest among patients with CP related to NI. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adult stem cells were firstly isolated from bone marrow in mice (Spangrude, Heimfeld, and Weissman, 1988) and later in humans. (bmrat.org)
  • Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are usually the result of intrinsic stem cell/progenitor defects. (medscape.com)
  • Low power, H and E showing a hypocellular bone marrow with increased adipose tissue and decreased hematopoietic cells in the marrow space. (medscape.com)
  • In recent years, a growing number of studies have shown that stem cells can effectively treat acute liver failure. (springer.com)
  • Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
  • 1 Treatment with progenitor cells (i.e., stem cells) offers potential benefits beyond those of standard medical care, including the potential for repair and/or regeneration of damaged myocardium. (southcarolinablues.com)
  • These cells have been studied for the treatment of periodontitis, bone repair, regeneration of the pulp after necrosis as well as the development of new teeth. (bvsalud.org)
  • In vascular medicine, various stem cells and adult progenitors have been highlighted as having a vasoreparative role in ischaemic tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ischaemia is characterised by a reduction in oxygen supply to tissues and organs, usually as a result of blood vessel constriction or obstruction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The evaluation of the most suitable timing of cell delivery as well as the number of cells needed to integrate into resident vasculature and promote revascularisation of specific tissues requires careful optimisation and evaluation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human cord blood cells can also develop into blood vessels, making them promising for the repair of tissues following stroke, coronary heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, congestive heart failure, and congenital heart conditions. (bioinformant.com)
  • Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics protocols have been developed to generate adult stem cell-derived bonelike, nerve-like and heart-like tissues. (mayo.edu)
  • Transplanting organs, tissues or cells from one person to another. (mayo.edu)
  • Transplanting tissues or cells from one area of a person's own body to another. (mayo.edu)
  • Using specific types of stem cells to repair damaged tissues and treat disease. (mayo.edu)
  • In human postnatal dental tissues, five main sources of DSCs have been identified: dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), 11 stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), 12 periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), 13 dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) 14 and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs). (bvsalud.org)
  • Organs and tissues are built up by specialized cells from the pool of stem cells that form shortly after fertilization. (bmrat.org)
  • Basis of treatment based dendritic cells to combat coronavirus infections is summarized. (medsci.org)
  • NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
  • CD4 is primarily expressed in a subset of T-lymphocytes, also referred to as T helper cells, but may also be expressed by other cells in the immune system, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • Objective: the aim of this study was to conduct a literature review of the types of stem cells of dental origin and their applications in Dentistry. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, T-cell depletion is associated with higher rates of graft rejection and increased vulnerability to viral and fungal infections while the T-cell population is diminished. (medscape.com)
  • Additional processes in which mitochondria are involved include heat production, storage of calcium ions, calcium signaling, programmed cell death (apoptosis) and cellular proliferation. (justia.com)
  • Accelerated hematopoietic cell apoptosis has been demonstrated in virtually all IBMFS. (medscape.com)
  • In preparation for receipt of the stem cells, recipients undergo myeloablation to eliminate their own myeloid cells. (medscape.com)
  • sometimes also haemopoiesis or hemopoiesis) is the formation of blood cellular components. (wikipedia.org)
  • All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • These early trials are showing roles for stem cells both in replacing damaged tissue as well as in providing extracellular factors that can promote endogenous cellular salvage and replenishment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The proteasome pathway is an enzyme complex existing in all cells, which degrades ubiquitinated proteins that control the cell cycle and cellular processes and maintains cellular homeostasis. (medscape.com)
  • 3,4 The zygote and cells derived from the first two cellular divisions constitute the most primitive cells (totipotent cells) that are capable of forming the embryo and the embryonic annexes (e.g. placenta, amniotic membranes etc). (bvsalud.org)
  • No. You will receive a collection kit for your baby's cord blood stem cells when you enrol with StemLife. (stemlife.com)
  • The collection kit contains all the items needed to collect our baby's cord blood. (stemlife.com)
  • How many cells are usually collected in my baby's cord blood? (stemlife.com)
  • If you are interested in storing your baby's cord blood, it is recommended to clamp the cord within 30-60 seconds after birth. (stemlife.com)
  • Who will ship my baby's cord blood to the laboratory? (stemlife.com)
  • The failure of the immune system to function as it should, can result from immune deficiencies present at birth, acquired diseases such as blood cancers, medications that suppress or damage the immune system, unnecessary or over-the-top immune responses such as allergies, or immune responses to one's self, called autoimmunity. (smart-immune.com)
  • Rearming their immune system with a new compartment of fully functional T-cells would allow them to defend themselves against any threats. (smart-immune.com)
  • 1957). This pioneering work laid the foundation for the exploration of hematopoietic stem cells and their role in treating diseases of the blood and immune system. (revistadehematologia.org.mx)
  • Normally, potentially malignant cells are continuously eliminated by the immune system, but cancer cells can accumulate certain mutations, which allow them to escape these mechanisms [ 2 ]. (nature.com)
  • Cancer immunotherapies aim to support or boost the patient's immune system to enable the effective clearance of cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • Dendritic cell as sentinel of the immune system plays an irreplaceable role. (medsci.org)
  • Results of the nonrandomized trial are encouraging, because this is the first controlled trial that has reported a significant mortality benefit for progenitor cell treatment. (southcarolinablues.com)
  • Cord blood stem cells have been induced to develop into neural cells, suggesting that they may represent a potential treatment for neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, spinal cord injury, dementia, and related conditions. (bioinformant.com)
  • Stratagraft (allogeneic cultured keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in murine collagen-dsat) is an allogeneic cellularized scaffold product used for the treatment of adults with thermal burns containing intact dermal elements for which surgical intervention is clinically indicated (also known as deep partial-thickness burns). (drugbank.com)
  • Cultivated Autologous Limbal Epithelial Cells (CALEC) use of lung derived mesenchymal progenitor cells for the treatment of advanced emphysema. (childrenshospital.org)
  • This list also includes the companies engaged in the treatment of deadly diseases using CB stem cells. (industry-experts.com)
  • This is a treatment option for some blood cancers, such as leukemia. (mayo.edu)
  • Here, we discuss effects of the GB tumor microenvironment on NK-cell functionality, summarize early treatment attempts with ex vivo activated NK cells, and describe relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR-T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cancer vaccines based on the knowledge of cancer stem cells have been studied and applied for cancer treatment. (bmrat.org)
  • This Antibody was verified by Cell treatment to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated. (thermofisher.com)
  • A type of stem cell found in organs of the body that can be used for regenerative interventions. (mayo.edu)
  • The microenvironment, consisting of lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial elements, and stroma in which hematopoietic cells reside, creates a regulatory niche that determines the local area network. (medscape.com)
  • Subsequently, cells are transduced with CAR-encoding genes using (mostly) viral vectors. (nature.com)
  • Subsequently, the association between cord blood Angptl7 levels and BPD incidence in a cohort of very preterm neonates was assessed (cohort 2). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • They are derived from common lymphoid progenitors. (wikipedia.org)
  • This article contains highlights of "Guidelines for Pre- allogeneic or autologous, depending on the source of venting Opportunistic Infections among Hematopoi- the transplanted hematopoietic progenitor cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Derived from the fetal allantois, it provides a rich source of multipotent stem cells, including CD34+ and CD38- haematopoietic progenitor cells. (sajbl.org.za)
  • The ATP concentration inside the cell is typically 1-10 mM ATP can be produced by redox reactions using simple and complex sugars (carbohydrates) or lipids as an energy source. (justia.com)
  • Patients with severe T-cell deficiencies are vulnerable to infections and cancers. (smart-immune.com)
  • Smart Immune is working to improve the prognosis of immune-compromised patients with life-threatening diseases such as high-risk blood cancers and primary immunodeficiencies. (smart-immune.com)
  • Deficiency or malfunction of these blood cells occurs in disease conditions prevalent in Africa, including cancers like leukaemia and haemoglobinopathies like thalassaemia or sickle-cell disease. (sajbl.org.za)