• In addition to complications seen from exposure to chemotherapy and radiation, patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation can experience unique late effects secondary to graft versus host disease (GVHD) and autoimmunity. (medscape.com)
  • In a newly reported study, an experimental antibody treatment largely prevented gastrointestinal acute graft versus host disease (GI-aGVHD) in the intestines of mice and non-human primates (NHPs) given a bone marrow transplant-allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT)-but without causing broad immune suppression. (genengnews.com)
  • Recipients will be patients who have had an allogeneic bone marrow transplant and who have steroid dependent (SD) or steroid refractory (SR) Graft-versus-Host Disease. (who.int)
  • Their routine work mainly includes the care and treatment of patients with hematological diseases, although some may also work at the hematology laboratory viewing blood films and bone marrow slides under the microscope, interpreting various hematological test results and blood clotting test results. (wikipedia.org)
  • Physicians who work in hematology laboratories, and most commonly manage them, are pathologists specialized in the diagnosis of hematological diseases, referred to as hematopathologists or haematopathologists. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital Pediatric Hemato-oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Department treats infants, children, and adolescents suffering from acute and chronic blood diseases and from malignant hematological and non-hematological disorders. (tasmc.org.il)
  • As the Founder and Chairperson of UAE Genetic Diseases Association, her grass root community research on the most common genetic disorders in UAE and recommendations have resulted in five legislations for pre-marital screening, newborn screening, preventive genetic testing in the UAE. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Malignant hematological diseases. (muni.cz)
  • Aetiology of cancer, influence of nutrition on cancer development, nutrition of oncology patients Pharmacotherapy of malignant diseases and adverse effects of these drugs- Radiotherapy of malignant diseases, adverse effects of radiotherapy Basic information's about most frequent cancer diseases Urological cancer Digestive tract cancer Lung cancer Gynaecologic cancer Bone marrow transplantation, indication, methods, results. (muni.cz)
  • Malignant haematological diseases - a overwiew. (muni.cz)
  • Building upon this pivotal finding, Thomas pioneered the development of bone marrow transplantation as a viable therapeutic approach for diseases like leukemia and aplastic anemia. (medical-news.org)
  • Functional hyposplenism is a condition accompanying many diseases such as sickle cell disease, celiac disease, alcoholic liver disease, hepatic cirrhosis, lymphomas and autoimmune disorders. (hippokratia.gr)
  • Dr. Nagler established the first public cord blood bank in Israel and performed the first cord blood transplants from related and unrelated donors in genetic and malignant hematological diseases in Israel. (labiotech.eu)
  • Blood disorders are diseases that affect the functioning of the bloodstream. (respectcaregivers.org)
  • Most blood diseases happen only in the event of infections, complications of other medical disorders, or genetic factors. (respectcaregivers.org)
  • Thrombosis and Hemostasis diseases under 7.08, and disorders of Bone Marrow Failure, under 7.10. (respectcaregivers.org)
  • The NHLBI leads or sponsors studies for patients who have heart, lung, blood, or sleep related diseases or disorders. (nih.gov)
  • The successful application of HSCT for diseases such as leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, and inherited blood disorders underscored its broad applicability in clinical practice (Snowden et al. (revistadehematologia.org.mx)
  • Furthermore, this approach is being investigated for its potential in non-hematological diseases. (revistadehematologia.org.mx)
  • There are certain diseases that pose a threat to a person's bone marrow and prevent them from turning stem cells into essential cells. (vanyahealth.com)
  • So, Bone Marrow Transplant becomes a necessity for patients who have blood cancers or any other diseases that affect the structure and function of the bone marrow. (vanyahealth.com)
  • Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a therapeutic procedure for the management of several hematological diseases and malignancies in pediatric population. (springeropen.com)
  • Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is currently considered as a practiced and a well-established modality for the treatment of several hematological diseases and malignancies in children [ 1 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Some of these diseases develop mainly after bone marrow transplantation. (bvsalud.org)
  • And even when a bone marrow transplant is curative for leukemia or lymphoma, GVHD-in which T cells in the donor graft attack the recipient's own tissues-can still be fatal. (genengnews.com)
  • BACKGROUND: To achieve optimal bone marrow engraftment during bone marrow transplantation, migration of donor bone marrow cells (BMCs) toward the recipient's bone marrow is critical. (bvsalud.org)
  • Donor choice may be further complicated by other important factors, such as urgency of transplant, the presence of alloantibodies, the disease status (homozygosity or heterozygosity) of sibling donors affected by inherited disorders and the cytomegalovirus serostatus of patient and donor. (nih.gov)
  • We report UK consensus guidelines on the selection of umbilical cord blood units, the hierarchy of donor selection and the preferred conditioning regimens for umbilical cord blood transplantation, with a summary of rationale supporting these recommendations. (nih.gov)
  • a broad range of disorders for which transplantion of HPCs from an adult donor is also successful, including hematological malignancies, solid tumors, constitutional and acquired bone marrow failure syndromes, hemoglobinopathies, congenital immune deficiencies, and inherited disorders of metabolism (Gluckman et al. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Bone marrow is one of the complex processes whose success depends upon many factors including, the quality of the harvest from the donor, the technique of transfusion, and the post-transplantation care of the patient. (vanyahealth.com)
  • The Pediatric Hemato-oncology Department performs a full array of bone marrow transplants (BMT) for children, sourced by self-donated (autologous) marrow, peripheral blood donations and donations from related or unrelated donors (allogeneic). (tasmc.org.il)
  • Self-donation transplants are performed for malignant conditions, such as recurrent lymphoma, metastasized bone cancers, high-risk neuroblastoma, and specific types of brain tumors. (tasmc.org.il)
  • The condition is among the leading causes of death and long-term adverse health consequences associated with bone marrow transplants. (genengnews.com)
  • He has the most experience in undertaking half Matched (Haploidentical) transplants in the region and extensive experience in transplants for blood disorders. (kokilabenhospital.com)
  • Depending on the severity and type of disease, your doctor might consider a course of blood transfusions, bone transplants, chemotherapy or even a simpler form of treatment such as vitamin supplements and medication. (respectcaregivers.org)
  • This study is comparing long-term outcomes for patients who receive blood and bone marrow transplants and those who receive standard treatment with medicines. (nih.gov)
  • There are many specialized Hospitals that are highly qualified in Bone Marrow Transplants in India. (vanyahealth.com)
  • These hematologist doctors have served for a really long time and have accomplished a high rate of successful BMTs (Bone Marrow Transplants) in India. (vanyahealth.com)
  • Dr. Ziade has vast experience of over 25 years in the field of Medical Oncology, Clinical Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant. (nmc.ae)
  • Dr Peter Tan is a haematologist specialising in haematological oncology, while also treating general haematological conditions including obstetric haematology, bleeding and clotting disorders. (wdp.com.au)
  • Dr Tan completed his specialist training in haematology and bone marrow transplantation at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney. (wdp.com.au)
  • He has extensive knowledge related to haematological disease (benign and malignant), hemoglobinopathy hemostatic disorders, hemophilia and solid tumors (mainly breast cancer and colon cancer). (nmc.ae)
  • Through Bone Marrow Transplant ( BMT ), conditions including leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and solid tumors, as well as aplastic anemia can be successfully treated. (vanyahealth.com)
  • Aplastic anemia due to the progressive failure of the bone marrow, malignant neoplasias such as acute myeloid leukemia, liver tumors and squamous cell carcinoma are some of the possible evolutions of Fanconi Anemia. (bvsalud.org)
  • HEPA filtered positive pressure rooms with laminar airflow for the management of critically ill patients with various benign & malignant hematological conditions during Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT). (vanyahealth.com)
  • He further completed his training in Fellowship at King's College Hospital London (the largest hospital in UK for Bone Marrow Transplant unit)under the patronage of Prof. Ghulam Mufti working in the field of Myelodysplasia and Leukemia and involved in Bone Marrow Transplant (the main-training). (nmc.ae)
  • Myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) with eosinophilia (or chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL) and sporadic cases with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or lymphoma. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
  • Hematopoietic stem cells are widely used in medical treatments, particularly in bone marrow transplantation for individuals with hematological disorders like leukemia or aplastic anemia. (thenoveldifference.com)
  • Dr. Sen has worked in Royal Marsden Hospital in London, which is one of the world's best cancer hospitals, treating patients with leukemia, lymphoma, brain tumours and other paediatric cancers and all pediatric bone marrow transplant patients there. (kokilabenhospital.com)
  • Other types of leukemia and hematological malignancies could also be treated by targeting LSD1. (technologynetworks.com)
  • In April 1960, Dr. Álvaro Gómez-Leal, presented during the first meeting of the Agrupación Mexicana para el Estudio de la Hematología, A.C., data on a transplant of allogeneic stem cells in a patient with acute leukemia done in Monterrey, Mexico: the patient received high-dose chemotherapy followed by stem cells from the bone marrow of his brother, improving and obtaining remission for months but relapsing and subsequently died. (revistadehematologia.org.mx)
  • Cord blood transplantation is used as a treatment option for acute and chronic leukemia. (koruhastanesi.com)
  • The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a heterogeneous group of chronic hematological malignancies that are generally divided into the Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph-positive) MPNs, which refers to chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and the Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph-negative) MPNs. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Working Party Chronic Leukemia of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. (knowvodpro.com)
  • Dr Sen has his expertise in Leukaemia and Lymphoma Brain tumours Neuroblastoma and other Paediatric Tumours Bone Marrow Transplantation. (yashfiin.com)
  • Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder derived from a subset of naive pregerminal center cells localized in primary follicles or in the mantle region of secondary follicles. (medscape.com)
  • He has been working in the field of bone marrow transplantation for hematological malignancies for the last 25 years and is one of the pioneers of the non-myeloablative and reduced intensity/toxicity allogeneic transplantations for both malignant and non-malignant disorders. (labiotech.eu)
  • When applying for this career, most job openings look for first-hand practical experience in a recognized training program that provides practice in the following: Cause of abnormalities in the formation of blood and other disorders, diagnosis of numerous blood-related conditions or cancers using experimentation, and the proper care and treatment of patients in the best manner. (wikipedia.org)
  • The discovery of bone marrow transplantation has led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of hematological disorders and cancers. (medical-news.org)
  • Oryzon announced that it is entering preclinical development with its second drug candidate, a first-in-class specific Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitor for the treatment of hematological cancers. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Now, we and others have identified a subset of hematological cancers in which LSD1 inhibition defines a mechanism of action that looks particularly efficient. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a type of multipotent stem cell found primarily in the bone marrow and, to a lesser extent, in peripheral blood. (thenoveldifference.com)
  • The profile of the clinical variables presented by the children and adolescents of this study shows that the most prevalent diagnosis was ALL, the most frequent toxicities were gastrointestinal, cardiac, respiratory and hematological, the most common HSCT was allogeneic peripheral blood and the greatest cause of mortality was sepsis. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 7 ] of 798 patients who survived more than 5 years after transplantation, 328 were children. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 , 8 ] Survivors of bone marrow transplantation were more likely to have a severe or life threatening condition (relative risk [RR] = 3.9), more than one chronic condition (RR = 2.6), functional impairment (RR=3.5), and activity limitations (RR = 5.8) than conventionally treated patients. (medscape.com)
  • Departmental bone marrow transplant services offer essential medical expertise and complementary services to patients with complex health conditions. (tasmc.org.il)
  • The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among cancer patients. (cancer.gov)
  • Neupogen is indicated for the reduction in the duration of neutropenia and the incidence of febrile neutropenia in patients treated with established cytotoxic chemotherapy for malignancy (with the exception of chronic myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes) and for the reduction in the duration of neutropenia in patients undergoing myeloablative therapy followed by bone marrow transplantation considered to be at increased risk of prolonged severe neutropenia. (medicines.org.uk)
  • Dr. George Mathé explored the transplantation of bone marrow cells from healthy donors to treat patients accidentally irradiated at high dose, expanding the possibilities of this life-saving technique (Mathé et al. (revistadehematologia.org.mx)
  • At the Koru Hospital Bone Marrow Transplant Center, we provide comprehensive care to our patients, from pre-transplant evaluation to post-transplant follow-up care. (koruhastanesi.com)
  • The discovery of an activating point mutation in the Janus kinase 2 gene ( JAK2 V617F) in a significant portion of patients with MPNs led to improved understanding of the pathobiology of these disorders and prompted rapid development of JAK inhibitors. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Diagnosis and severity criteria for sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease in pediatric patients: a new classification from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. (knowvodpro.com)
  • By looking at the complexity of the procedure, patients opting for Bone Marrow Transplant must choose a hospital that has a record of successful treatments. (vanyahealth.com)
  • The EAT-26 test and the DSM-5 test results indicated that women suffered from three types of EDs, specifically, Anorexia Nervosa (18%), Bulimia Nervosa (32%), and Binge Eating Disorder (50%).Low serum iron, vitamin D, vitamin B 12 , calcium, magnesium, and albumin were prevalent among AN patients compared to their counterparts. (mattioli1885journals.com)
  • A retrospective analysis of biochemical and haematological parameters in patients with eating disorders. (mattioli1885journals.com)
  • Sato Y, Fukudo S. Gastrointestinal symptoms and disorders in patients with eating disorders. (mattioli1885journals.com)
  • Two-year outcomes on bone density and fracture incidence in patients with T2DM randomized to bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy. (mattioli1885journals.com)
  • Polymorphism of CD44 influences the efficacy of CD34(+) cells mobilization in patients with hematological malignancies. (cdc.gov)
  • The genetic profile of bone marrow transplant patients in different samples of forensic interest. (cdc.gov)
  • Malignant plasma cells in meningeal MM out of 2000 patients with bone marrow produce an immunoglobulin, MM, was reported was by Schluterman et al. (who.int)
  • He followed the school of clinical hematology and completed his master degree in bone marrow transplant (2003). (nmc.ae)
  • He has practiced as head of department of Bone marrow transplant and Oncology-Hematology department at several prominent hospitals in the UK & Middle East. (nmc.ae)
  • Arnon Nagler is director of the Division of Hematology and the Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cord Blood Bank at the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel and Professor of Medicine at The Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel . (labiotech.eu)
  • The hematology department of these bone marrow hospitals in India is well-equipped with state-of-art techniques for non-vascular testing dedicated to Bone Marrow Transplant procedures. (vanyahealth.com)
  • Cord blood transplantation is used to treat certain genetic disorders that affect the production of blood cells, such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. (koruhastanesi.com)
  • Blood and Marrow Transplant Research [CIBMTR] in 2004), the European Research Project on Cord Blood Transplantation (Eurocord) in 1993, and the Japanese Cord Blood Banking Network in 1996-expedited the clinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of transplantation of cord blood from unrelated donors. (nationalacademies.org)
  • 2003). After the early success of transplantation of cord blood from related donors, cord blood banks were established to provide rapidly accessible, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-typed units predominantly for transplantation of HPCs from unrelated donors. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Insertion of central venous catheters in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation: is there a platelet level for a safe procedure? (springeropen.com)
  • The research provides an insight into the various biochemical and hematological abnormalities among women with eating disordered behaviors at a university in Saudi Arabia and emphasizes the need for widespread screening for females in order to identify those individuals who may be suffering from such eating disorders. (mattioli1885journals.com)
  • Recognizing MAS variants and the important anatomical considerations around macrophage perivascular topography in the marrow, liver and spleen allows for a novel evaluation of other states associated with hypercytokinaemia. (nature.com)
  • Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is likely the result of abnormal trafficking of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from the bone marrow to organs such as the spleen, liver, and lung, causing organomegaly and sometimes organ dysfunction. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Over 1,00,000 Americans experience the pitfall of Sickle Cell Disease , Anemia being the second most common blood disorder. (respectcaregivers.org)
  • Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells, leading to severe pain and various complications. (zeecrunch.com)
  • Telomerase mutations are the most common identifiable genetic cause of IPF, and at times, the telomere defect manifests in extrapulmonary disease such as bone marrow failure. (ersjournals.com)
  • Gaucher disease is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the deposition of glucocerebroside in cells of the macrophage-monocyte system. (medscape.com)
  • Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that requires lifelong blood transfusions and medical management. (zeecrunch.com)
  • 1 It has already been demonstrated that it can be used to repair defective DNA in mice curing them of genetic disorders, 2 and it has been reported that human embryos can be similarly modified. (bmj.com)
  • One of the most exciting applications of CRISPR/Cas9 is its potential use to treat genetic disorders caused by single gene mutations. (bmj.com)
  • Fanconi Anemia is a recessive and rare genetic disorder, characterized by chromosomal instability that induces congenital alterations in individuals. (bvsalud.org)
  • Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a recessive genetic disorder, in which individuals present congenital alterations associated with consanguinity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hematological investigations and diagnostics including bone marrow testing and spinal taps: These tests are performed pain-free with the help of the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center's Dream Service (pediatric service that helps children undergo treatment and testing under sedation). (tasmc.org.il)
  • Hematological treatment can involve a long and invasive process, such as bone marrow transplantation. (bvsalud.org)
  • There is no single course of treatment for blood disorders. (respectcaregivers.org)
  • 1992). Since then, hematopoietic stem cells, with their unique ability to differentiate into various blood cell types, have proven to be a revolutionary tool in the treatment of numerous hematological disorders. (revistadehematologia.org.mx)
  • Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation provides an effective platform for the treatment of hematological disorders. (rsc.org)
  • Consult Hematologist in India from the top hospitals and check-up for prognosis, treatment, and prevention of blood-related disorders. (vanyahealth.com)
  • MM is considered relative paucity of CNS invasion by MM an incurable disease despite various meth- in comparison with other tumours, whether ods of treatment, including autologous bone solid or haematological, remain unknown, marrow transplantation [ 3 ]. (who.int)
  • Treatment is directed at the underlying disorder. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This is a quantitative, retrospective, observational, descriptive and analytical quantitative approach approaching the medical records of children and adolescents submitted to HSCT in a referral hospital service for this type of transplantation in the state of Rio Grande do Sul North (RN). (bvsalud.org)
  • The Koru Hospital Bone Marrow Transplant Center is a state-of-the-art medical facility that offers advanced stem cell therapy for a range of hematological disorders. (koruhastanesi.com)
  • The transplantation took place at BLK-Max Super Specialty Hospital. (zeecrunch.com)
  • Through extensive research, Thomas observed the successful engraftment of transplanted marrow cells in mice following irradiation of the bone marrow. (medical-news.org)
  • Efficacy with respect to GVHD response will be assessed using European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation-National Institutes of Health- Centre for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (EBMT-NIH-CIBMTR) Task Force Criteria. (who.int)
  • to syndromes that meet the full diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder (e.g., major depressive disorder). (cancer.gov)
  • In a study from the United States, long-term survivors of pediatric bone marrow transplantation followed in the Bone Marrow Transplant Survivors Study were compared with survivors of childhood cancer treated without bone marrow transplant from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. (medscape.com)
  • The study, headed by researchers at Penn Medicine and Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, demonstrated that antibody blockade of the Notch signaling pathway improved post-transplant survival and protected against gastrointestinal GVHD in particular. (genengnews.com)
  • Maillard, together with co-senior and co-corresponding author Leslie S. Kean, MD, PhD, a professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School and director of pediatric stem cell transplant at Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, and lead author Victor Tkachev PhD, an assistant professor of surgery at Mass General Brigham, have long sought to prevent this fatal complication. (genengnews.com)
  • LSD1 has been suggested as a possible target for cancer, viral infections and neurodegenerative disorders. (technologynetworks.com)
  • T lymphocytes for adoptive cell therapy against hematological cancer. (upstate.edu)
  • A 50-year-old man was diagnosed with multiple myeloma, a cancer of the plasma cells in the bone marrow. (zeecrunch.com)
  • Although high-dose chemoradiotherapy used for conditioning prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) represent an effective tool for eradication of certain malignant hematological disorders, relapses indicate that the last tumor cell is unlikely to be completely eradicated. (tau.ac.il)
  • HSCT, there are still some factors that need to be metabolism disorders, among others. (bvsalud.org)
  • After completion, they further expand their knowledge by spending two or three more years learning how to experiment, diagnose, and treat blood disorders. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hematopoietic stem cells are pivotal in maintaining the body's blood cell supply, and their versatility makes them invaluable in both medical treatments and scientific research related to blood disorders and regenerative medicine. (thenoveldifference.com)
  • Can You Get Disability For A Blood Disorder? (respectcaregivers.org)
  • A blood disorder can influence quality of life, especially if it stops a person from living independently. (respectcaregivers.org)
  • But, likely, having a blood disorder does not imply having a disability. (respectcaregivers.org)
  • Understanding the intensity of symptoms that makes a condition fluctuate from moderate to severe is what is essential when considering disability claims for a blood disorder. (respectcaregivers.org)
  • The symptoms of blood disorders can vary to a degree where they can even cost the life of an otherwise healthy individual. (respectcaregivers.org)
  • A blood disorder receives a tag of disability when Social Security considers your blood disorder under a disability listing. (respectcaregivers.org)
  • Does Social Security Consider Blood Disorders To Be Disabling? (respectcaregivers.org)
  • Any blood disorder can cause many problems for an individual, which restricts their ability to live and work. (respectcaregivers.org)
  • In the last decade, the number of transplantations of HPCs derived from cord blood has increased, particularly for children. (nationalacademies.org)
  • On a regular basis, Bone Marrow produces more than 200 billion new red blood cells, white blood cells every day. (vanyahealth.com)
  • The girl underwent the transplantation successfully, and her body started producing healthy red blood cells. (zeecrunch.com)
  • The transplantation was carried out successfully, and the patient's red blood cells returned to a normal shape. (zeecrunch.com)
  • Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation 2014 Jul 20 (7): 986-91. (cdc.gov)
  • Progressive infiltration of Gaucher cells in the bone marrow may lead to thinning of the cortex, pathologic fractures, bone pain, bony infarcts, and osteopenia. (medscape.com)
  • The prevalence production, lytic lesions and increased of leptomeningeal infiltration in breast can- plasma cells in the bone marrow [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • However, it disorders such as hypercalcaemia, urae- does not confirm that a long survival time mia and hyperviscosity or due to periph- might increase the prevalence, and a large eral neuro pathy, spinal cord compression series over several years might be needed to and cranial nerve infiltration [ 5 ]. (who.int)
  • However, if a bone marrow core biopsy is concerned, several needles are currently in use but not all of them provide good-quality biopsy specimens for histological evaluation or are user friendly. (bmj.com)