• Our results point toward a novel mechanism of regulation of RNA helicases, wherein alternative splicing leads to subtle structural rearrangements within the protein that are critical to modulate enzyme movements and catalytic activity. (fu-berlin.de)
  • The E1 helicase is regulated at least in part by protein phosphorylation, however no systematic approach to phosphate site mapping has been attempted. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This was achieved by measuring the accumulation of fluorescent single-stranded DNA-binding protein on the single-stranded DNA product of the helicase, using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. (markwallace.org)
  • Activities of the DEAD box (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) family of proteins- including RNA-dependent ATPase and RNA helicase- function in all organisms to sculpt RNA-RNA duplex and RNA-protein complexes, ensuring that necessary rearrangements are rapidly and properly resolved during genetic information processing. (gsu.edu)
  • The mRNA and protein expression of the majority of the RECQ helicases was closely correlated, suggesting that altered mRNA expression is the predominant mechanism for deregulated RECQ helicase expression. (nebraska.edu)
  • Ded1 is an RNA helicase protein of the DEAD-box subfamily in eukaryotic organisms (Sharma & Jankowsky, 2014) which can act as an activator or initiation factor, during translation (Hilliker et al. (richmond.edu)
  • Our goal is to determine whether the methylation of Ded1 has an effect on the resulting helicase ability of the protein, by comparing the helicase activity of unmethylated to methylated WT Ded1 using an in vitro helicase assay. (richmond.edu)
  • The Werner protein functions as a type of enzyme called a helicase. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Many cellular processes, such as DNA replication, transcription, translation, recombination, DNA repair, and ribosome biogenesis involve the separation of nucleic acid strands that necessitates the use of helicases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another way to view the passive helicase is its reliance on the transient unraveling of the base pairs at the replication fork to determine its rate of unwinding. (wikipedia.org)
  • Promising new inhibitors that target the viral helicase-primase complex have been reported to block replication of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses, but they have no activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), another herpesvirus. (frontiersin.org)
  • The HCMV helicase-primase complex (pUL105-pUL102-pUL70) is essential for viral DNA replication and could thus be a relevant antiviral target. (frontiersin.org)
  • Previous studies have demonstrated that viral RNA helicases represent promising pharmacological targets for antiviral drugs/inhibitors, as they are implicated in viral replication and proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The viral RNA helicases are attributed to the NS3 region of the viral polyprotein, and they are involved in duplex unwinding, during viral RNA replication. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Being a promising antiviral target, helicase inhibition leads to the pause of the replication, proliferation and consequently, to the survival and transmission of Flaviviridae viruses ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Cdt1 inhibits DNA synthesis by suppressing CMG helicase progression at replication forks through the MCM-binding domain of Cdt1, and DNA synthesis commences once Cdt1 is degraded. (biorxiv.org)
  • Thus, instead of separating licensing from firing to prevent re-replication in early S phase, cells separate licensing from DNA synthesis through Cdt1-mediated inhibition of CMG helicase after firing. (biorxiv.org)
  • Differential requirement of Srs2 helicase and Rad51 displacement activities in replication of hairpin-forming CAG/CTG repeats. (tufts.edu)
  • The Srs2 helicase unwinds DNA hairpins, facilitates replication, and prevents repeat instability and fragility. (tufts.edu)
  • In addition to DNA or RNA polymerases, a helicase is therefore required to displace the single-stranded genome after replication, thus leading to the formation of progeny viral particles. (eurekaselect.com)
  • In humans, DNA helicases play essential roles in facilitating cellular DNA metabolisms including genome replication, DNA repair, recombination, transcription as well as telomere maintenance. (eurekaselect.com)
  • WRN is a RecQ helicase with an associated exonuclease activity important in DNA metabolism, including DNA replication, repair and recombination. (brighton.ac.uk)
  • The papillomavirus E1 helicase is essential for viral DNA replication and plays a key role in controlling viral genome copy number. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Approximately 1% of eukaryotic genes code for helicases. (wikipedia.org)
  • The conserved Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ski2-like RNA helicase Mtr4p plays essential roles in eukaryotic nuclear RNA processing. (nature.com)
  • RecQ helicases were originally discovered in E COLI and are highly conserved across both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. (harvard.edu)
  • The structure visualizes a transition-state mimic of the reaction and suggests how eukaryotic DEAH/RHA helicases couple ATP hydrolysis to RNA translocation. (cipsm.de)
  • RecQ Helicases" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "RecQ Helicases" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "RecQ Helicases" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "RecQ Helicases" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
  • A guanine-flipping and sequestration mechanism for G-quadruplex unwinding by RecQ helicases. (harvard.edu)
  • The RECQ helicases repair damaged DNA including damage caused by topoisomerase I inhibitors, such as irinotecan. (nebraska.edu)
  • Immunohistochemistry localized the RECQ helicases to the nucleus. (nebraska.edu)
  • Whereas DnaB-like helicases unwind DNA as ring-shaped hexamers, other enzymes have been shown to be active as monomers or dimers. (wikipedia.org)
  • We conclude that Srs2 interaction with PCNA allows the helicase activity to unwind fork-blocking CAG/CTG hairpin structures to prevent breaks. (tufts.edu)
  • MLE core is an unusual DExH helicase that can unwind blunt-ended RNA duplexes and has specificity for uridine nucleotides. (cipsm.de)
  • Helicase enzymes generally unwind and separate double-stranded DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In drug design against viral helicases, a number of viral helicase inhibitors have been developed and used in clinical studies. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Identifying helicase specific-inhibitors may lead to the development of drugs in the treatment of human cancers. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Hence, an antitumor therapy designed to interfere with both helicases and telomerases may be much more effective than the helicase or telomerase inhibitors alone. (eurekaselect.com)
  • This gene encodes a DEXD/H box RNA helicase that functions as an antiviral factor and promotes RIG-I-like receptor-mediated signaling. (nih.gov)
  • Glomerular endothelial expression of type I IFN-stimulated gene, DExD/H-Box helicase 60 via toll-like receptor 3 signaling: possible involvement in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. (nih.gov)
  • All the catfish RNA helicases contained conserved helicase signature motifs, demonstrating that the RNA helicase gene family was highly conserved. (syr.edu)
  • Identified as a prototypic member of the DEAD box family and documented as an ATPase and RNA helicase, p68 plays essential and diverse functions in the control of gene expression ranging from pre-mRNA/rRNA processing and mRNA decay/stability to transcriptional activation and initiation. (gsu.edu)
  • Futami K, Ishikawa Y, Goto M, Furuichi Y, Sugimoto M. Role of Werner syndrome gene product helicase in carcinogenesis and in resistance to genotoxins by cancer cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Both are caused by gene mutations leading to defective RecQ DNA helicases, which normally repair DNA. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Helicases are a class of enzymes thought to be vital to all organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • By immobilizing either the DNA or helicase, localized increase in fluorescence provides information about the rate of unwinding and the processivity of individual enzymes. (markwallace.org)
  • Overall, the data suggest that the interactions among the members of these DNA helicase families are multipartite and argue for a comprehensive systems biology approach to fully elucidate the physiological interplay between these enzymes. (indiana.edu)
  • Wang, X., Jia, H., Jankowsky, E. & Anderson, J.T. Degradation of hypomodified tRNA(iMet) in vivo involves RNA-dependent ATPase activity of the DExH helicase Mtr4p. (nature.com)
  • We identified a stable MLE core comprising the DExH helicase module and two auxiliary domains: a dsRBD and an OB-like fold. (cipsm.de)
  • The OB-like and dsRBD folds bind the DExH module and contribute to form the entrance of the helicase channel. (cipsm.de)
  • Helicases are motor proteins that move directionally along a nucleic acid phosphodiester backbone, separating two hybridized nucleic acid strands (hence helic- + -ase), using energy from ATP hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • DExD/H-box RNA helicases are motor proteins participating in nearly all aspects of cellular processes, especially in RNA metabolism. (syr.edu)
  • DNA helicases are motor proteins that catalyze the unwinding of double-stranded DNA into single-stranded DNA using the free energy from ATP hydrolysis. (markwallace.org)
  • We identified the DNA helicases FANCM and DDX11 as determinants of PARP inhibitor response. (nih.gov)
  • Warsaw breakage syndrome, a cohesinopathy associated with mutations in the XPD helicase family member DDX11/ChlR1. (qxmd.com)
  • The iron-sulfur-containing DNA helicases XPD, FANCJ, DDX11, and RTEL represent a small subclass of superfamily 2 helicases. (qxmd.com)
  • In the latter case, the helicase acts comparably to an active motor, unwinding and translocating along its substrate as a direct result of its ATPase activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • DDX60, a DEXD/H box helicase, is a novel antiviral factor promoting RIG-I-like receptor-mediated signaling. (nih.gov)
  • This review addresses these topics and discusses the design of antiviral and antitumoral agents based on the knowledge of structures and functions of helicases. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Helicases move incrementally along one nucleic acid strand of the duplex with a directionality and processivity specific to each particular enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA helicases function in many types of nucleic acid transactions, and as such, they are vital for genome integrity. (indiana.edu)
  • Helicases adopt different structures and oligomerization states. (wikipedia.org)
  • Johnson, S.J. & Jackson, R.N. Ski2-like RNA helicase structures: common themes and complex assemblies. (nature.com)
  • Specialized helicases play an important role in unwinding DNA structures to maintain genome stability. (tufts.edu)
  • The generic and versatile nature of the assay makes it applicable to a variety of DNA helicases and DNA templates. (markwallace.org)
  • So far, troubleshooting has identified favorable conditions for RNA duplex annealing, and the current work is optimizing the subsequent unwinding kinetics of the helicase assay. (richmond.edu)
  • The product Assay kit for Guinea pig Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX17(DDX17) (ELISA) is intended to be used for research purposes only. (rnagrade.com)
  • The product Assay kit for Guinea pig Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX17(DDX17) (ELISA) should be kept between two and eight degrees Celsius to ensure the retention of the stability and reactivity of the reagents included in the kit. (rnagrade.com)
  • Helicases may process much faster in vivo than in vitro due to the presence of accessory proteins that aid in the destabilization of the fork junction. (wikipedia.org)
  • DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases which are implicated in a number of cellular procsses involving RNA binding and alteration of RNA secondary structure. (nih.gov)
  • The most crucial NS proteins are the viral helicase and the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Further, wild-type and inactive recombinant proteins were used to determine the effects of the helicases on telomerase activity in vitro. (indiana.edu)
  • The hRPC62 subunit of human RNA polymerase III displays helicase activity. (mpg.de)
  • RNA helicase activity of Mtr4p is critical for biological functions of the enzyme, but the molecular basis for RNA unwinding is not understood. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, the present study proposes the three‑dimensional structure of the helicase/protease enzyme of SPONV through homology modeling, using the crystal structure of the Dengue virus‑4 helicase/protease of the same viral family as a template. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A family of structurally-related DNA helicases that play an essential role in the maintenance of genome integrity. (harvard.edu)
  • We found that synergistic increases in GCR rates often occur in double vs. single mutants, suggesting that the helicases function in distinct genome integrity pathways. (indiana.edu)
  • Further, the recombinant helicases can function together in vitro to modulate telomerase activity. (indiana.edu)
  • Bloom helicase mediates formation of large single-stranded DNA loops during DNA end processing. (harvard.edu)
  • For the evaluation of the accuracy and reliability of the model in structure‑based drug design strategies, the crystal structure of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) helicase was used, complexed with a single‑stranded RNA, a key molecule for the establishment of interactions with a future inhibitor of the SPONV helicase. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In this study, a total of 54 DExD/H-box RNA helicase genes including 37 DDX (DEAD-box) and 17 DHX (DEAH-box) genes were characterized in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), and annotated through phylogenetic and syntenic analyses. (syr.edu)
  • Mtr4 is an essential RNA helicase associated with the nuclear exosome and aids in the processing and degradation of many RNAs. (richmond.edu)
  • The care-taker roles of helicases suggest that they might be suitable for targeting to prevent cell proliferation during carcinogenesis. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Analysis of the relative rates of synonymous (dS) and nonsynonymous (dN) substitutions revealed that the RNA helicase genes were subjected to strong negative (purifying) selection. (syr.edu)
  • Meta-analysis was conducted to determine expression of the RNA helicase genes during the critical period (90-110 days post-fertilization, dpf) of male gonad differentiation. (syr.edu)
  • In general, the vast majority of the RNA helicase genes (31) were expressed at higher levels in females than in males. (syr.edu)
  • The yeast Hrq1 helicase stimulates Pso2 translesion nuclease activity and thereby promotes DNA interstrand crosslink repair. (harvard.edu)
  • Genetic mutations that result in loss of RecQ helicase activity gives rise to disorders that are associated with CANCER predisposition and premature aging. (harvard.edu)
  • The RNA helicase UPF1 is a key component of the nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway. (fu-berlin.de)
  • 2011). Ded1 has several functions in yeast including assembly of translational initiation factors, scanning the mRNA for the start codon, and unwinding any double stranded segments of mRNA with its helicase ability. (richmond.edu)
  • Inclusion of Mtr4p within the TRAMP complex increases the rate constant for unwinding initiation but does not change the characteristics of Mtr4p's helicase mechanism. (nature.com)
  • Pohl T, Zakian V. Pif1 family DNA helicases: A helpmate to RNase H? . (princeton.edu)
  • Helicases are often used to separate strands of a DNA double helix or a self-annealed RNA molecule using the energy from ATP hydrolysis, a process characterized by the breaking of hydrogen bonds between annealed nucleotide bases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies have shown that helicases may act passively, waiting for uncatalyzed unwinding to take place and then translocating between displaced strands, or can play an active role in catalyzing strand separation using the energy generated in ATP hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, using SRS2 separation-of-function alleles, we show that in the absence of Srs2 recruitment to PCNA or in helicase-deficient mutants, breakage at a CAG/CTG repeat increases. (tufts.edu)
  • In the cell, the unwinding of double-stranded polynucleotides is catalyzed by helicases that are present in all kingdoms of life from virus to man. (eurekaselect.com)
  • with helicase activity and the ability to displace Rad51 recombinase, it was unclear which functions were required for its various protective roles. (tufts.edu)
  • To determine the mechanistic basis of this differential catalytic activity, we have determined the X-ray crystal structure of the helicase core of UPF11 in its apo-state. (fu-berlin.de)
  • The RNA helicase Mtr4p modulates polyadenylation in the TRAMP complex. (nature.com)
  • Our data indicate that Mtr4p utilizes a previously unknown unwinding mode that combines aspects of canonical translocating helicases and non-canonical duplex-sensing helicases, thereby restricting directional translocation to duplex regions. (nature.com)
  • These findings suggested that RNA helicases may play important roles in sex development and differentiation in teleosts. (syr.edu)
  • The human genome codes for 95 non-redundant helicases: 64 RNA helicases and 31 DNA helicases. (wikipedia.org)
  • The existing pharmacophoric model was tested for its application to the Spondweni helicase model as a potential inhibitor of its functionality and potential future use in design experiments of novel anti‑SPONV agents. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In addition, in a helicase-deficient mutant, Rad51-dependent JMs are detected, probably corresponding to recombination between sisters. (tufts.edu)
  • Raw data accompanying Lorenz A, Mehats A, Osman F, Whitby MC (2014) Rad51/Dmc1 paralogs and mediators oppose DNA helicases to limit hybrid DNA formation and promote crossovers during meiotic recombination. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Repetitive unwinding and fork regression of WRN helicase: a Sisyphean task? (researchschool.nl)
  • This investigation of the helicase ability of Ded1 will provide us with more knowledge of the downstream effects of Ded1 methylation. (richmond.edu)