• Before DNA replication can start, the pre-replicative complex assembles at origins to load helicase onto DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Assembly of these pre-replicative complexes (pre-RCs) is regulated in a manner that coordinates DNA replication with the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • It's been recommended that unwanted MCM protein might provide dormant roots that may be turned on in response to replicative tension [16]. (ampkpathway.com)
  • The Dbf4-dependent Cdc7 kinase (DDK) initiates replisome assembly by phosphorylating the MCM2-7 replicative helicase at the N-terminal tails of Mcm2, Mcm4 and Mcm6. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • It has been unclear at the molecular level how Cdc6 activates ORC, converting it to an active recruiter of the Mcm2-7 hexamer, the core of the replicative helicase. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The MCM2-7 protein complex is the precursor of the replicative helicase that unwinds DNA in front of the active replication complex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In S phase, MCM2-7 is activated by the cyclin-dependent and Dbf4-dependent kinases to become a processive replicative helicase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The six subunit Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) together with Cdc6 and Cdt1, load the MCM replicative helicase as a double hexamer around double stranded DNA at origins. (crick.ac.uk)
  • 10] Fragile sites may be DNA regions particularly sensitive to replicative stress. (medscape.com)
  • The Chk1 kinase and its main upstream activator kinase, ATR, are essential checkpoint effectors in response to a wide variety of genotoxic tensions, and inhibit source firing by focusing on the replication kinases, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK) [21], while Chk2 and its main upstream activator ATM are primarily associated with the cellular response to double-strand DNA breaks [22]. (ampkpathway.com)
  • The ORC is a six subunit complex that binds DNA and provides a site on the chromosome where additional replication factors can assemble. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mcm 2-7 form a six-subunit complex and is thought to have helicase activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • We show that WRN interacts directly with the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK (DNA-PK CS ), which inhibits both the helicase and exonuclease activities of WRN. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In addition we show that WRN forms a stable complex on DNA with DNA-PK CS and the DNA binding subunit Ku. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II by the kinase module CAK controls the initiation of transcription. (icr.ac.uk)
  • The core complex associates with the 3-subunit CDK-activating kinase (CAK) module composed of CCNH/cyclin H, CDK7 and MNAT1 to form the 10-subunit holoenzyme (holo-TFIIH) active in transcription (PubMed:9852112). (icr.ac.uk)
  • The protein associates with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the fyn-binding protein. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cell-cycle kinases DDK and CDK are needed upstream for the activation from the MCM complicated and several PGE1 ic50 research have defined the checkpoint-dependent phosphorylation of MCM proteins [24C27], although certain requirements or results for these adjustments for activity or stability from the helicase still stay unclear. (ampkpathway.com)
  • The alteration of MCM proteins induced a change in the activation of important factors of the DDR in response to Etoposide treatment, including influencing the phosphorylation of -H2AX, CHK1 and CHK2 following Etoposide-induced DNA damage without inducing changes in cell viability, but resulting in a small decrease in DNA replication. (ampkpathway.com)
  • Finally, we show that WRN is phosphorylated in vitro by DNA-PK and requires DNA-PK for phosphorylation in vivo, and that cells deficient in WRN are mildly sensitive to ionizing radiation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • At present, it remains poorly understood how DDK docks onto the helicase and how the kinase targets distal Mcm subunits for phosphorylation. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • SP reduced CVB induced phosphorylation of activating Panobinostat molecular weight kinase inhibitor transcription component , but didn't alter CVB viral protein synthesis, viral progeny release, cell death, or caspase activation in infected cells. (vegfrinhibitors.com)
  • At some loci, initiation occurs within small, relatively definable stretches of DNA, while at others, larger initiation zones of 10-50 kb seem to direct origin activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inactivation of temperature sensitive mutants of any of the Mcm proteins in "S. cerevisiae" caused DNA replication to halt if inactivation occurred during S phase, and prevented initiation of replication if inactivation occurred earlier. (wikipedia.org)
  • Binding to dsRNA by these proteins may result in initiation of helicase activity, concomitant with a conformational change that leads to recruiting additional cellular factors, including the recently identified IPS-1/MAVS protein ( 5 , 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In response to DNA harm during S phase, cells rapidly block replication initiation in addition to the slowing of the progressing replication forks [17,18]. (ampkpathway.com)
  • 2006 There has been remarkable progress in the last 20 years in defining the molecular mechanisms that regulate initiation of DNA synthesis in eukaryotic cells. (usc.edu)
  • Transition of the preRC to an active initiation complex is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases and other signaling molecules, which promote further protein assembly and activate the mini chromosome maintenance helicase. (usc.edu)
  • The initiation and development of tumor cell is accompanied by elevated stresses, such as oncogene activation, DNA damage, genome instability, and reprogrammed tumor metabolism. (nature.com)
  • In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
  • DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
  • The pre-replication complex (pre-RC) assembly or the DNA replication licensing is the first step in DNA replication initiation, characterized by the sequential recruitment of ORCs, Cdc6, Cdt1 and MCMs to the DNA replication origins to form the pre-RC at the end of mitosis ( Bell and Dutta 2002 ). (intechopen.com)
  • Identification of mosquito proteins that differentially interact with alphavirus nonstructural protein 3, a determinant of vector specificity. (cdc.gov)
  • Previous work indicated that the nonstructural protein 3 (nsP3) of these alphaviruses was partially responsible for this vector specificity. (cdc.gov)
  • To better understand the cellular components controlling alphavirus vector specificity, a cell culture model system of the anopheline restriction of CHIKV was developed along with a protein expression strategy. (cdc.gov)
  • The NF-κB pathway is extinguished in murine lymphoma cells, and extrinsic stimuli typically inducing NF-κB activity fail to activate this pathway. (ashpublications.org)
  • Several MYC-induced pathways, such as activation of the p53/ARF pathway, changes in expression, and activity of BCL2 proteins or alterations in death receptor signaling have been linked to apoptosis. (ashpublications.org)
  • Skin fibroblasts in WS patients demonstrate characteristics of cells in conditions of stress with slow growth rates, an elongated cell cycle, and an altered morphology that suggests stress-induced premature senescence transduced in part by the p38α MAP kinase signaling pathway. (medscape.com)
  • This gene is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase oncogene family. (cancerindex.org)
  • It encodes a membrane-associated tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in the control of cell growth. (cancerindex.org)
  • In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , DNA polymerase ε (Pol ε) synthesizes primarily the leading strand, while DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ) synthesizes primarily the lagging strand and the genes encoding the catalytic subunits of these two polymerases are essential for life. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, nuclear Dicer fosters termination of RNAPII transcription [ 11 ] and alternative polyadenylation at a subset of protein-coding genes [ 12 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Clustering of missense mutations in six of these newly implicated genes suggests that normal development is being perturbed by an activating or dominant-negative mechanism. (nih.gov)
  • Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
  • Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • There is no longer a need for signals to activate these genes. (cancerquest.org)
  • MYC/MAX heterodimers bind to specific DNA elements, designated as E-boxes, located in the promoter regions of target genes mediating either activation or repression of transcription. (ashpublications.org)
  • Voltage-gated K+ GPCRs( Kv) retrofit the cleavage of kinase, vitro and hematopoietic structure compartments. (erik-mill.de)
  • This activation requires the assembly of a large number of replication factors, culminating in the formation of the Cdc45-GINS-MCM2-7 (CMG) complex, which has strong helicase activity in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
  • In eukaryotes, it is still unclear what exact combinations of DNA sequence, chromatin structure, and other factors define these sites. (wikipedia.org)
  • Yeast origins are defined primarily by DNA sequence motifs, while origin locations in other organisms seem to be defined by local chromatin structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Results Reducing MCM2 or MCM3 proteins does not impact cell growth Our previous results showed an involvement of MCM proteins in the DNA damage response through its co-localization with -H2AX foci, and through connection with chromatin redesigning proteins in response to DNA damage induced from the topoisomerase II inhibitor Etoposide [28]. (ampkpathway.com)
  • The DNA in the cell is packaged with histone proteins into chromatin. (usc.edu)
  • Thus, we will begin by describing chromatin structure, and how the cell generally controls access to the DNA. (usc.edu)
  • Access to the DNA requires active chromatin remodeling, specific histone modifications, and regulated histone deposition. (usc.edu)
  • and the contribution of chromatin-modifying proteins to replication and repair. (usc.edu)
  • This matrix is the carnitine of the fatty proteins activating in the 4-phosphate of duplex acid and chromatin conditions. (erik-mill.de)
  • More recently, two studies point toward Dicer-dependent nuclear RNAi in mammals by demonstrating that nuclear, chromatin-associated Dicer impairs expression of the microtubule-binding protein Doublecortin in mouse adult neural stem cells [ 14 ] and transactivation of the human secreted frizzled-related protein 1 promoter in cholangiocarcinoma cells [ 15 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • We have reconstituted chromatin replication with purified proteins, which is providing unprecedented insights into chromosome biology. (crick.ac.uk)
  • We have reconstituted the process of chromatin replication with purified proteins. (crick.ac.uk)
  • Extracellular vesicle DNA from human melanoma tissues contains cancer-specific mutations. (gu.se)
  • Werner syndrome is a disorder characterized by genomic instability, aging pathologies and defective WRN, a RecQ-like helicase with exonuclease activity. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Protein interactomes of RPA and Alt-RPA reveal unique and shared partners, including modifiers of CAG instability and disease presentation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Genome instability activates stress kinases, implying that kinase inhibitors may form the basis of antiaging therapies for individuals with WS. (medscape.com)
  • His DNA displaces myotubes for leading metal and secretion kidney, controlling processive helicases, and limiting the mitochondria that activate the loading activation. (erik-mill.de)
  • Although biochemical data support the hypothesis that the Mcm complex is a helicase, helicase activity was not detected in all species, and some studies suggest that some of the mcm subunits act together as the helicase, while other subunits act as inhibitors of this activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Filipowicz lab reported enrichment of mammalian Dicer at ribosomal RNA loci, suggesting a possible role for Dicer in maintaining integrity of ribosomal DNA arrays. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • DNA replication in eukaryotic cells initiates from a large number of chromosomal sites known as origins. (crick.ac.uk)
  • The genetic information in eukaryotic cells is stored in linear DNA molecules known as chromosomes [ 1 ]. (actanaturae.ru)
  • We have mapped the L1 binding region within E2 and show that the α -2 helices within the E2 DNA-binding domain mediate L1 interaction. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A novel interaction between the human papillomavirus type 16 E2 and E1^E4 proteins leads to stabilization of E2. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Supplemental data exhibiting SP binding to a choice of kinases in phage interaction screening assays , suggests there could be a lot of extra kinase targets of SP. (vegfrinhibitors.com)
  • Studies in Xenopus revealed the Mcm2-7 complex is a critical component of DNA replication machinery. (wikipedia.org)
  • In order to investigate the part of MCM PGE1 ic50 proteins in the cellular response to DNA damage, we used shRNA focusing on MCM2 or MCM3 to determine the impact of the reduction in MCM complex within the DDR. (ampkpathway.com)
  • He further utilized the model organism, Schizosaccharomyces pombe , to investigate the role of the SPN/FACT complex in eukaryotic DNA replication. (usc.edu)
  • Replication origins in the DNA nucleate the ordered assembly of protein factors to form a prereplication complex (preRC) that is poised for DNA synthesis. (usc.edu)
  • ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA helicase, component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex, which is involved in general and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. (icr.ac.uk)
  • The Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) binds to sites in chromosomes to specify the location of origins of DNA replication. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • This shift has been made possible in part by a growing number of solved protein structures, often in complex with DNA, and elegant single-molecule approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using mutational data and structural information, Botchan suggested that the leading strand of the DNA passes through the central channel of the CMG complex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For the future, a more detailed understanding of the paths of the leading and lagging DNA strands running through the CMG helicase complex towards the DNA polymerases is needed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among them, cullin 4 (CUL4) associates with DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1) to form the CUL4-DDB1 ubiquitin ligase complex, which is involved in protein ubiquitination and in the regulation of many cellular processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Using different approaches (bioinformatics/structural analyses), independent studies suggested that at least sixty WD40-containing proteins could act as adaptors for the DDB1/CUL4 complex. (bvsalud.org)
  • In conclusion, these results provide new insights into the roles of DCAFs in regulating the activity of the DDB1-CUL4 complex, in protein targeting, and characterized the cellular processes involved. (bvsalud.org)
  • We also measured the levels of phosphorylated tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) protein and Parkin protein level in SH-SY5Y cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • During origin firing, the MCM helicase is activated, which involves a remodeling of the MCM ring to encircle single-stranded DNA, accompanied by assembly of a stable CMG (Cdc45-MCM-GINS) complex. (crick.ac.uk)
  • The telomeres consist of repeating sequences and a set of special proteins, which interact with these repeats and spatially organize them in a specific manner, resulting in the formation of the nucleoprotein complex known as telomeric heterochromatin [ 6 , 7 ]. (actanaturae.ru)
  • proteins are 6 caused download rarefied receptors that in starts 1, 4A and 103( factor) have carefully cross-presented to obtain certain 1-5, 2-4, 3-6. (erik-mill.de)
  • receptors of Kv 1-4 dysplasia both residues and stones, not, molecules of Kv 5-12 3-kinase morphological effects. (erik-mill.de)
  • The sensory apparatus that allows detection of infectious microbes has been deciphered in large part, and it is now known that Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, RIG-I-like helicases, C-type lectin receptors, and cytosolic sensors of DNA, most notably cyclic guanosine monophosphate/adenosine monophosphate synthetase, permit recognition of specific molecules of microbial origin. (mhmedical.com)
  • The nature of these sensors has remained unknown until recently, when 2 putative RNA helicases, RIG-I and MDA-5, were identified as sensors for viral dsRNA generated in the cytoplasm during viral infection ( 2 - 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Our data indicate evolutionary conservation of nuclear Dicer localisation and function in mammals in response to DNA damage. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • The protein is likely to be involved in the response to DNA damage during replication, as well as in the replication and transcription processes. (medscape.com)
  • A key feature of the DNA replication mechanism in eukaryotes is that it is designed to replicate relatively large genomes rapidly and with high fidelity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Over the past decades, new ubiquitin variants and ubiquitin-like proteins arose to further enrich this mechanism. (bvsalud.org)
  • We are using this to understand the mechanism of MCM helicase loading and activation, how the replisome is assembled and regulated by protein kinases and how the DNA replication machinery interfaces with other aspects of chromosome biology. (crick.ac.uk)
  • 2 Likewise, a paper in Nature Methods observed that "[m]ost cellular functions are executed by protein complexes, acting like molecular machines. (caseyluskin.com)
  • When a few of these sequences are deleted, DNA is still copied from other intact origins, but when many are deleted, chromosome replication slows down dramatically. (wikipedia.org)
  • Evidence was recently presented of a crucial role for a helicase in protecting cells against chromosome breakage at normally occurring replication fork-stalling sites. (medscape.com)
  • Most cells have intracellular sensors of viral products that, when activated, initiate a signaling cascade that results in transcriptional induction of the IFNβ gene. (cdc.gov)
  • However, we recently learned that this disruption library contains within the T-DNA an AP3 gene and, as a consequence, approximately 15% of the lines show lethality. (purdue.edu)
  • We decided not to use these lines because of our inability to determine whether a rat phenotype would be caused by the T-DNA disruption or a combination of the disruption and the effects of the AP3 gene. (purdue.edu)
  • The human papillomavirus (HPV) E2 protein is a multifunctional protein essential for the control of virus gene expression, genome replication and persistence. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • approximately half of these DNMs disrupt gene function and the remainder result in altered protein function. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The authors showed that transfection of exogenous small interfering (exo-si)RNA triggers silencing of a subset of protein-coding gene promoters. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • Note that by convention gene names are italicized and the proteins they make are not. (cancerquest.org)
  • As an example TP 53 refers to the gene and p53 refers to the protein. (cancerquest.org)
  • In influenza viruses, the nonstructural protein 1 inhibits the interferon-mediated antiviral response. (cdc.gov)
  • Characterization of the human papillomavirus E2 protein: evidence of trans-activation and trans-repression in cervical keratinocytes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In summary, our work provides fundamental insights into DDK structure, control and selective activation of the MCM2-7 helicase during DNA replication. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Characterization of DNA binding, transcriptional activation, and regulated nuclear association of recombinant human NFATp. (colorado.edu)
  • Forsburg takes a holistic approach to studying how DNA replication stress contributes to genome stability. (usc.edu)
  • Identifying protein interactions does not always lead to identifying protein substrates for E3-ubiquitin ligases, so we measured changes in protein stability or degradation by pulse-stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture to identify changes in protein degradation, following the expression of each DCAF. (bvsalud.org)
  • Using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry and microscopy, we show that despite not impacting protein stability, UbKEKS is required to maintain a normal nucleolar organization. (bvsalud.org)
  • All IFNαs and IFNβ bind to the same receptor and as a result, the cytoplasmic kinases JAK1 and TYK2 become activated and phosphorylate the STAT1 and STAT2 molecules. (cdc.gov)
  • E2 is expressed throughout the differentiation-dependent virus life cycle and is functionally regulated by association with multiple viral and cellular proteins. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Here, we show for the first time to our knowledge that HPV16 E2 directly associates with the major capsid protein L1, independently of other viral or cellular proteins. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • They are responsible for the ubiquitination of â ¼20% of cellular proteins degraded through the proteasome, by catalyzing the transfer of E2-loaded ubiquitin to a substrate. (bvsalud.org)
  • Activated IRF3, together with NF-κB and AP-1, accumulate in the nucleus, bind to the IFNβ promoter, and stimulate transcription. (cdc.gov)
  • The ATP-dependent helicase activity of XPB/ERCC3 is required for promoter opening and promoter escape. (icr.ac.uk)
  • In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
  • CMG then nucleates assembly of a multi-component replisome which must copy not just the entire genome, but also its associated bound proteins. (crick.ac.uk)
  • The S. cerevisiae ORC binds to specific DNA sequences throughout the cell cycle but becomes active only when it binds to the replication initiator Cdc6. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Stephen Kowalczykowski (University of California, Davis, USA) described for the first time the purification of this impressive 3,418-amino-acid protein and reported that it binds RAD51 (the human homolog of bacterial RecA) and promotes RAD51 assembly onto single-stranded DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Replication is initiated at multiple origins of replication on multiple chromosomes simultaneously so that the duration of S phase is not limited by the total amount of DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • This flexibility in genome size comes at a cost: there has to be a high-fidelity control system that coordinates multiple replication origins so that they are activated only once during each S phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Replication in eukaryotes begins at replication origins, where complexes of initiator proteins bind and unwind the helix. (wikipedia.org)
  • Origins in budding yeast are defined by the autonomously replicating sequence (ARS), a short stretch of DNA (100-200 bp) that can initiate replication when transferred to any sequence of DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Origins in fission yeast contain long stretches of DNA rich in thymines and adenines that are important for origin function, but do not exhibit strong sequence similarity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
  • Susceptibility to infection in humans is strongly heritable, and among the many loci that influence it, those that encode proteins vital to the innate immune response are of central importance. (mhmedical.com)
  • DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are a highly mutagenic and potentially lethal damage that occurs in all organisms. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Cdc45 might be able to bind single-stranded DNA, which suggests that the lagging strand is channeled through Cdc45, whereas the leading strand passes through the center of the MCM ring. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The breast cancer suppressor protein BRCA2 has an important role in double-strand break repair via homologous recombination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Shortening of the 5'-terminus of the daughter strand, caused by the removal of the terminal RNA-primer and the subsequent incomplete replication of linear DNA molecules, is observed during the genome replication occurring upon cell fission. (actanaturae.ru)
  • Mammalian cells repair DSBs by homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining, the latter requiring DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). (elsevierpure.com)
  • These data suggest that DNA-PK and WRN may function together in DNA metabolism and implicate WRN function in non-homologous end joining. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Thus, BRCA2 maintains genomic integrity both through homologous recombination and by the protection of nascent strands during DNA replication. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A report of the Keystone Symposium 'DNA Replication and Recombination' held in Keystone, USA, 27 February to 4 March 2011. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The triennial Keystone Symposium on 'DNA Replication and Recombination' brought together researchers working on various aspects of genome duplication, recombination and repair. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A clear trend of this exciting meeting was a further shift from 'ovals and arrows' models to a more mechanistic understanding of the processes underlying DNA replication and recombination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several of the presentations revealed an intimate link between DNA replication and DNA recombination, bringing these two fields closer together than ever. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Botchan's work further indicates that Cdc45 has a structure similar to the bacterial recombination protein RecJ, linking replication and recombination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ATPase activity of XPB/ERCC3, but not its helicase activity, is required for DNA opening. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Serine 970 of RNA helicase MOV10 is phosphorylated and controls unfolding activity and fate of mRNAs targeted for AGO2-mediated silencing. (cdc.gov)
  • The regulatory activities of this viral protein play a major role in the pathogenicity of influenza virus and appear partially responsible for the ability of influenza viruses to infect multiple animal species, which likely contributes to the generation of new pandemic viruses in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Precisely because, like machines invented by humans to deal efficiently with the macroscopic world, these protein assemblies contain highly coordinated moving parts. (caseyluskin.com)
  • Comparison of the structure and DNA-binding properties of the E2 proteins from an oncogenic and a non-oncogenic human papillomavirus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Furthermore, we systematically characterized mitochondria during disease progression starting before the onset of muscle damage, noting additional changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number and regulators of mitochondrial size. (frontiersin.org)
  • In NER, TFIIH acts by opening DNA around the lesion to allow the excision of the damaged oligonucleotide and its replacement by a new DNA fragment. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Here we report the cryo-EM structure at 3.3 Å resolution of the yeast ORC-Cdc6 bound to an 85-bp ARS1 origin DNA. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • However, it has previously been shown that deletion of the amino-terminal part of the Pol2 protein containing the Pol ε catalytic domain resulted in sick but viable yeast cells, while deletion of the carboxy-terminal part of Pol2 was lethal. (biomedcentral.com)