Health long term exposures of hurricane response. Medical search. Frequent questions

Individual chapters go beyond PTSD to examine other posttraumatic disorders and responses, the mechanisms of transmission of posttraumatic stress, and its effects on behavior and health in natural and societal disasters and traumas, including war. (appi.org)
She also recently published several papers that showed multiple exposures to disasters leads to more severe mental health effects. (newswise.com)
Jennifer Trivedi , an assistant professor of anthropology, can speak to how multiple disasters can have compounding effects - people will have to deal with long-term recovery from Maria while dealing with relief and short-term recovery from these earthquakes, making things generally more complex for people on the ground. (newswise.com)
Scientists and clinicians recognized that a small number of people exposed to the stress of various natural disasters, such as fires, hurricanes, and floods, could develop psychological sequelae such as major depression, chronic anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). (cdc.gov)
There are important differences between technologic and natural disasters that are believed to affect the psychological and social responses to technological disasters. (cdc.gov)
Unlike a natural disaster which has a discernible low point and a recovery phase during which life begins to return to 'normal' many chronic technological disasters have no discernible starting points, no distinct low points, may last for many years, and may leave behind people at risk for latent health effects (2). (cdc.gov)
The principles of epidemiology for emergencies and disasters are critical to understanding risk factors and health impacts of disasters and informing strategies for health emergency and disaster risk management. (who.int)
We know prior exposure to natural disasters of short duration such as a flood can reduce resilience, but there's never been a study that looked at prior flooding exposure and how that affects outcomes during a longer-term, nonweather-related disaster such as a pandemic. (fitness-gear-pro.com)
Callender said tracking the long-term aftermath of exposure to prior disasters can underscore the importance of identifying higher-risk people and communities when developing response efforts and intervention programs. (fitness-gear-pro.com)
Although little research has examined impacts of disasters on scheduled ambulatory care services, routine care delivery is important for emergency planning and response because missed or delayed care can lead to more urgent care needs. (jabfm.org)
Quantifying care disruptions around disasters is an important step in assessing interventions to improve emergency preparedness and response for clinics. (jabfm.org)
Recent unprecedented disasters have renewed concerns initially raised after Hurricane Katrina (in 2005) about disaster preparedness, response, and recovery for communities, individuals, and health care systems. (jabfm.org)
Studies of the SARS and Ebola epidemics as well as natural disasters have taught us lessons about the importance of planning for and responding to the mental health needs of health care and frontline workers. (psychiatrictimes.com)
The literature on disasters and public health emergencies describes pervasive emotional distress, feelings of extreme vulnerability, uncertainty, and threats to life, particularly during the rapid spread of an outbreak. (psychiatrictimes.com)
This is consistent with existing research, which has found that the long-term impact of massive disasters is predominantly in the range of subsyndromal stress responses rather than an increase in psychiatric morbidity. (psychiatrictimes.com)
From Hurricane Katrina to Covid-19, disasters often exacerbate social inequalities, having disproportionate effects on historically marginalized populations. (grantmanagementassoc.com)
Episcopal Relief & Development currently partners with dioceses in California, Texas, Puerto Rico, Louisiana, Kentucky, New York and North Carolina to address long-term recovery needs after recent major disasters like hurricanes Ida, Harvey, Maria, Florence and Laura, wildfires and tornadoes. (episcopalrelief.org)
As part of the long-term recovery process, leaders are working to create a more interconnected Californian Episcopal response to future fires caused by an ongoing drought and climate change in addition to other disasters that may span over diocesan lines. (episcopalrelief.org)
Farmworkers face unique challenges during and after disasters, including lack of transportation to evacuate, loss of work and visas if crops are damaged and possible exposure to hazardous and toxic substances. (episcopalrelief.org)
editorial] Consequences of toxic disasters for rescue, recovery, and clean-up workers require integrated mental and physical health monitoring . (cdc.gov)
14 The CDC helps prepare clinicians and health departments for potential disasters. (hhs.gov)
Furthermore, it's the go-to disinfectant for large-scale disasters: chlorine dioxide was used to sterilize buildings after Hurricane Katrina and also following the post-9/11 anthrax attacks on government officials. (isitbadforyou.com)
Further, the psychological stress of disasters - which can result from witnessing devastation and dealing with personal loss - can significantly impact a worker's mental health and resilience. (bakerinstitute.org)
Public health emergencies can be caused by infectious diseases, natural disasters, environmental hazards, or other health-related crises. (runningshorts.com)
Public health emergencies can also arise from natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, or floods. (runningshorts.com)
Assessing the impact of natural disasters on your investment strategy for insurance companies is crucial, as these events can have significant implications for the insurance industry's financial health and stock performance. (whye.org)
Take a long-term perspective when assessing the impact of natural disasters. (whye.org)
It's important to note that while natural disasters can lead to short-term volatility and challenges for insurance companies, the industry as a whole has historically shown resilience and the ability to adapt to changing circumstances. (whye.org)
After the first physical, medical and emergency response, identification of psychological distress symptoms is useful in guiding public health efforts in the aftermath of disasters. (bvsalud.org)
Observations regarding community mental health services utilization, psychotropic drug prescription, psychological consequences in persons with psychiatric or developmental disorders, as well as in the general population are reviewed, because these issues could inform the development of mental health policy interventions after disasters. (bvsalud.org)

Extensive water damage after major hurricanes and floods increases the likelihood of mold contamination in buildings. (cdc.gov)
With hurricanes, fires and floods making the news, many people are asking whether climate change is contributing to catastrophic storms, and if such storms create increased exposure to pests or pesticides. (pesticide.org)
These workers - who clear debris and build anew after hurricanes, floods and wildfires - perform the most arduous tasks. (publicintegrity.org)
Decades of greenhouse gas emissions have led to increased global temperatures, which have given rise to extreme weather events: hurricanes, wildfires, floods, droughts, and heat waves of unprecedented frequency, magnitude, intensity and devastation. (isee2022.org)
In developing countries, diarrhea is a seasonal scourge usually worsened by natural phenomena, as evidenced by monsoon floods in Bangladesh in 1998, Hurricane Katrina in 2005, or the earthquake in Haiti in 2010. (medscape.com)

However, there can be other effects on health, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), for instance, as a result of witnessing or seeing reports of massive wildfires, which may be more dangerous. (wikipedia.org)
The direct channel includes stress-related conditions being caused by exposure to extreme weather events, such as cyclones and wildfires, causing conditions such as PTS and anxiety disorder. (wikipedia.org)
Health impacts may be multiplied when repeated events become the norm, or when different types of extreme weather events compound each other, such as heat waves and wildfires, hurricanes and earthquakes, or infectious diseases and any of the others. (isee2022.org)
13 , 14 Extreme heat, drought, and wildfires, combined with the pandemic, negatively affected farmworker health, farm income, and the broader agricultural economy (Figure 11.1 ). (globalchange.gov)

Jennifer Horney , a professor of epidemiology, can talk about the impacts on the health system (not recovered from Hurricane Maria) and concerns about direct and indirect morbidity and mortality from the earthquake and health effects of earthquakes. (newswise.com)
The program's systems have been useful, and scalable, during the series of earthquakes and aftershocks that occurred in late 2019 and in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. (episcopalrelief.org)
In " The Dynamics of Disaster ," Kieffer, a professor emerita of geology at the University of Illinois and a MacArthur "Genius Grant" recipient, explores what we know - and what continues to perplex and fascinate us - about the earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, hurricanes, cyclones and tornadoes that come along with living on Earth. (salon.com)

The Institute of Medicine Committee on the "Effect of Climate Change on Indoor Air Quality and Public Health" identified chemical exposures, vector-borne disease, and mold and moisture associated illnesses as potential impacts from the damage and degradation of buildings, flooding and water damage associated with hurricanes (IOM 2011). (cdc.gov)
There are several channels through which climate change can impact a person's mental health, including direct impacts, indirect effects, and awareness of the issue. (wikipedia.org)
It has been observed that certain populations, such as communities of color, children, and adolescents, are particularly vulnerable to these mental health impacts. (wikipedia.org)
The study originated with 2018's Texas Flood Registry (TFR), a first-of-its-kind registry to track the short and long-term health and housing impacts of a hurricane through online survey data. (fitness-gear-pro.com)
2022) Economic and mental health impacts of multiple adverse events: Hurricane Harvey, other flooding events, and the COVID-19 pandemic. (fitness-gear-pro.com)
Whole sections on health related effects to extreme weather, air pollution-related health effect, allergic diseases, water and food-borne infectious diseases, food and water scarcity and the long term impacts of chronic diseases and other health effects were completely wiped out of the testimony. (desmog.com)
And when we look at health impacts associated with heat exposure, some of the highest associations with adverse health outcomes come with persistently high overnight temperatures, when the body does not have the period of rest or recovery that is required. (wqln.org)
Mortality burden of heatwaves in Sydney Australia is exacerbated by the urban heat island and climate change: can tree cover help mitigate the health impacts? (isee2022.org)

In a collaborative pilot with the Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences Program, the Mechanisms in Cancer Evolution Program, the Center for Precision Environmental Health, and the Oregon Health and Science University, the Duncan Cancer Center responded within a few days of the Hurricane Harvey catastrophe to provide funding to purchase silicone wrist bands to be worn by flood victims. (cancer.gov)
Jessica participated in CDC's emergency response efforts for the Flint Michigan water contamination the zika virus outbreak, and hurricanes Matthew, Harvey, Irma, and Maria. (cdc.gov)
A study by Rice University, the University of Notre Dame and the Environmental Defense Fund shows the economic and mental health consequences on victims of Hurricane Harvey and COVID-19 were cumulative. (fitness-gear-pro.com)
We've already looked at how prior exposure to Hurricane Harvey and other flooding events affect economic and mental health outcomes,' said Rashida Callender, a research associate at Rice and lead author on the project. (fitness-gear-pro.com)
People who experienced Hurricane Harvey as a 'severe impact event' were five times more likely to have severe anxiety during COVID-19 compared to those whose experience with Harvey was not a meaningful impact event. (fitness-gear-pro.com)
His volunteer work has included rebuilding homes and providing medical care after Hurricane Harvey in 2017. (baltimoresun.com)
The impact of Harvey may not have been due to climate change alone, but the size of the storm was consistent with expert predictions that climate change will bring increasingly larger and more severe hurricanes. (pesticide.org)
Hurricane Harvey was not kind to family physician Jim LaRose, DO. (texmed.org)
Those are the groups hardest hit by Harvey, according to a December 2017 survey of 24 affected Gulf Coast counties conducted by the Episcopal Health Foundation (EHF) and the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. (texmed.org)
The survey initially found that blacks were most likely to report health problems due to Harvey. (texmed.org)
Meanwhile, research done in the six months post-Harvey shows a long road to recovery in these areas. (texmed.org)
The full impact of Harvey won't be known anytime soon simply because there aren't enough resources dedicated to evaluating it, says Umair Shah, MD, executive director at Harris County Public Health. (texmed.org)
Given the enormity of Hurricane Harvey, we didn't have enough epidemiologists, we didn't have enough environmental sanitarians, and we didn't have enough nurses and clinicians," Dr. Shah said. (texmed.org)
The health problems that creates become more severe when a disaster like Hurricane Harvey strikes. (texmed.org)

As COVID-19 came into play, the researchers realized the tools that support the TFR could be used to track the impact of the pandemic and assess whether multiple exposures magnify preexisting harms. (fitness-gear-pro.com)

Nor does it encompass or include a number of other CDC and ATSDR initiatives that were undertaken in the past two years to assess formaldehyde levels or address formaldehyde exposures. (cdc.gov)
The development of a public health surveillance strategy among persons repopulating areas after extensive flooding is recommended to assess potential health effects and the effectiveness of prevention efforts. (cdc.gov)
To assess potential long-term effects of Hurricane Katrina on WNND incidence, we compared incidence rates of WNND for both states during 2006 with rates during the 4 years preceding the storm (2002-2005). (cdc.gov)
Assess the concentration of exposure to high-risk areas. (whye.org)

Preventing respiratory disease associated with severe weather response. (cdc.gov)
Severe weather events bring attention to threats to respiratory health that are associated with indoor exposures from moisture incursion. (cdc.gov)
Kenya: Along with the Kenya Ministry of Health, CDC Kenya, and other health agencies, NCEH scientists investigated one of the largest and most severe outbreaks of acute aflatoxicosis documented worldwide . (cdc.gov)
Gokal said the advice was to vaccinate people eligible under the 1(a) category (health care workers and residents in long-term-care facilities), then those under the 1(b) category (people over 65 or with a health condition that increases risk of severe COVID-related illness). (baltimoresun.com)
In Texas, officials are managing a hurricane response with severe flooding and now a massive mosquito outbreak. (pesticide.org)
In addition to the initial blast effects, exposure to radiation and radioactive fallout causes severe health effects in both the short and long term. (daisyalliance.org)
Even if you or your child has had only a mild anaphylactic reaction in the past, there's a risk of more severe anaphylaxis after another exposure to the allergy-causing substance. (nchmd.org)
The defin- an area of bombardment showed that 54% ing characteristic of a traumatic event is its suffered severe, 34% moderate and 11% capacity to provoke fear, helplessness or mild and doubtful levels of PTSD, with girls horror in response to the threat of injury or more vulnerable [ 8 ]. (who.int)

Some postulate that the chronic stress documented to occur in some communities near hazardous waste sites could possibly lead to an array of biopsychosocial effects, including physical health effects from chronic stress (possible health outcomes affected by stress include cardiovascular, gastrointestinal disorders, and skin), increases in the prevalence of certain psychological disorders, and social disruption. (cdc.gov)
OBJECTIVE: To characterize patterns of lacrimator exposures in the United States, we describe temporal trends of calls to poison centers by demographics, substances, medical outcomes, exposure sites, and scenarios. (cdc.gov)
Descriptive analyses were performed to examine demographic characteristics, geographic distribution, product types and medical outcomes associated with lacrimator exposures. (cdc.gov)
Climate change and the pandemic may significantly increase the mental health burden in the US, 18 as current inequities in access lead to widening gaps in mental health outcomes. (globalchange.gov)

The trailers were similar to those provided to survivors of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. (cdc.gov)
On August 29 and September 24, 2005, hurricanes Katrina and Rita, respectively, made landfall along the Gulf Coast. (cdc.gov)
The duration of flooding, the extent of flooding, and the number of structures flooded in New Orleans as a result of hurricanes Katrina and Rita in August and September 2005 made the likelihood of massive mold contamination a certainty. (cdc.gov)
Recent parallels to the kind of flooding observed in New Orleans as a result of hurricanes Katrina and Rita occurred in 1997 in Grand Forks, North Dakota, and in 1999 in North Carolina after Hurricane Floyd ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)

The psychological effects of climate change may be investigated within the field of climate psychology, or picked up in the course of treatment of mental health disorders. (wikipedia.org)
and Elena Craft, senior director for climate and health at the Environmental Defense Fund. (fitness-gear-pro.com)
Edits" does not even come close to describing the grammatical massacre the White House undertook with CDC Director Julie Gerberding's Senate testimony on the public health effects of climate change. (desmog.com)
Thank you for the opportunity to present on climate change and human health and to highlight the role of CDC in preparing for and responding to the health effects of climate change. (desmog.com)
Many trends within this larger, interdependent ecologic system influence public health on a global scale, including climate change. (desmog.com)
Despite this extensive activity, the public health effects of climate change remain largely unaddressed. (desmog.com)
CDC considers climate change a serious public health concern. (desmog.com)
Because of its well developed health infrastructure, and the greater involvement of government and nongovernmental agencies in disaster planning and response, the health effects from climate change are expected to be less significant than in the developing world. (desmog.com)
Climate change is a study of long term and continual changes in the atmosphere ( see NASA's explanation here ). (pesticide.org)
New research identifies multiple ways that climate change is associated with poor mental health. (latimes.com)
Ultimately, if observed relationships from the recent past persist, added climate change may amplify the society-wide mental health burden," the study authors wrote Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (latimes.com)
Over the 10-year study period, they found three distinct ways that climate change was associated with worse mental health. (latimes.com)
HHS has a responsibility to safeguard the public from climate change, including the inequities it exacerbates, which is firmly rooted in public health history. (hhs.gov)
Today, the complexity of the health threats associated with climate change means that a single problem may involve multiple expert teams from HHS. (hhs.gov)
Unfortunately, climate change can increase the frequency and severity of extreme weather events like hurricanes. (hhs.gov)
For example, nearly every chapter in Part II calls for improved understanding of human behaviors and institutions, more detailed information about projected future changes in climate, and improved methods for assessing the economic, social, and environmental costs, benefits, co-benefits, and unintended consequences of actions taken in response to climate change. (nationalacademies.org)
Box 4.1 lists the seven crosscutting research themes that the panel has identified, grouped into three general categories: research for improving understanding of coupled human-environment systems, research for improving and supporting more effective responses to climate change, and tools and approaches needed for both of these types of research. (nationalacademies.org)
For example, research focused on improving responses to climate change will clearly benefit from increased understanding of both human systems and the Earth system, and advances in observations, models, and scientific understanding often go hand in hand. (nationalacademies.org)
Our intent is to describe some of the more important scientific issues that could be addressed within each theme, to show how they collectively span the most critical areas of climate change research, and to demonstrate the vital importance of research progress in all of these areas to the health and well-being of citizens of the United States as well as people and natural systems around the world. (nationalacademies.org)
However, with significant exposure growth, the impact of social inflation, and climate change complications, the insurance market could struggle to respond to a repeat of Andrew. (rms.com)
Climate change also amplifies the risk of infection among people at the front lines of exposure, especially those with fewer resources. (globalchange.gov)
Furthermore, as climate change disrupts regional rainfall and temperatures, Leptospirosis should be considered in the setting of potential exposures. (medscape.com)

In addition, in the aftermath of extensive flooding, health-care providers should be watchful for unusual mold-related diseases. (cdc.gov)
4,5 In the immediate aftermath of large-scale catastrophes, a majority of negative mental health symptoms are recognized as distress reactions to intense and overwhelming events. (psychiatrictimes.com)
No country or international body is equipped to provide humanitarian assistance in the immediate aftermath or address the long-term effects. (daisyalliance.org)
The NCH Healthcare System is actively working to address the aftermath of Hurricane Ian. (nchmd.org)
Resilient mechanisms intervened in aftermath of the earthquake but the long -lasting alterations of the social networks need to be monitored. (bvsalud.org)

The initial report should have acknowledged the potential long-term health effects of formaldehyde exposure, including cancer risk. (cdc.gov)
The use of these techniques and resources can contribute to reliable research in health emergency and disaster risk management. (who.int)
She participated in CDC's 2017 hurricane response as a lead for the at risk population task force and she is currently supporting the hurricane Florence response on the at risk population team. (cdc.gov)
She has also sat on the at risk task force as part of CDC's 2017 hurricane response. (cdc.gov)
As a member of the at risk task force for child health. (cdc.gov)
Midwestern and northeastern cities are at greatest risk, as heat-related illness and death appear to be related to exposure to temperatures much hotter than those to which the population is accustomed. (desmog.com)
Anyone who works in a setting at higher risk of exposure such as a grocery store, restaurant, gas station, or child care program. (carolinapublicpress.org)
People who live or work in high-risk settings such as long-term facilities, homeless shelters, correctional facilities or food processing facility. (carolinapublicpress.org)
Global public health is under growing pressure and health systems around the world are at risk of becoming unfit for purpose. (marsh.com)
Overtime, exposure to low doses of radiation can damage cells and DNA, causing mutations and leading to an increased risk of cancer, particularly leukemia and thyroid, lung, and breast cancer. (daisyalliance.org)
Because West Nile virus (WNV) is now endemic in areas of the United States that are at risk for hurricanes, understanding effects of such events on WNV epidemiology is important for directing appropriate public health responses. (cdc.gov)
All of them took part in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System , a health survey that's been operated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention since 1984. (latimes.com)
The Project included the SCID PTSD and depression modules, a measure of functional impairment (RIFT), health risk perceptions, and subjective health ratings. (cdc.gov)
Hierarchical logistic regression analyses examined the relative contribution of current DSM-IV WTC- PTSD and LRS to impairments, adjusting for demographic, exposure, and health risk factors. (cdc.gov)
PTSD and LRS were independently associated with impairment (loneliness, poor subjective health, low life satisfaction, poor marital relationship, negative health risk perception). (cdc.gov)
The COVID-19 pandemic heightened prenatal maternal stress, a risk factor for poorer maternal and infant health. (bvsalud.org)
US Navy Veterans are at a particularly high risk for asbestos-related disease, due to their asbestos exposure while working on navy ships undergoing refits. (lawyersandsettlements.com)
US Navy Veterans are not the only group of workers at high risk for asbestos exposure. (lawyersandsettlements.com)
Hurricane Andrew's landfall in Florida in 1992 changed the face of property catastrophe insurance and kick-started many new initiatives, including the development of hurricane risk modeling. (rms.com)
The wide-ranging impact of Hurricane Andrew on the Florida insurance market is a familiar story within the risk management world. (rms.com)
Do complex mixtures of prenatal environmental and social exposures explain variation in risk for behavioral symptoms in adolescence? (isee2022.org)
No doubt, you and your colleagues are working long hours under stressful conditions, putting yourselves at risk to report on all the ways this pandemic is affecting your community. (americanpressinstitute.org)
A public health emergency refers to a situation in which the health of a population is at serious risk, often due to the outbreak of a disease, natural disaster, or other health-related incidents. (runningshorts.com)
A public health emergency is a situation that poses a significant risk to the health and well-being of a population. (runningshorts.com)
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a public health emergency as "an occurrence or imminent threat of an illness or health condition, caused by bioterrorism, epidemic or pandemic disease, natural disaster, or chemical or radiological exposure, that poses a substantial risk of a significant number of people or a significant increase in morbidity or mortality. (runningshorts.com)
Review risk management practices and disaster response plans of the insurance companies. (whye.org)
Increasingly, adventurous travel and "mud run" sports or races involving fresh water or soil exposure put humans at risk. (medscape.com)
Industrial workers at pulp mills, steel foundries, and plants producing formaldehyde or coke are at risk for exposure, as are personnel at fire scenes and individuals working indoors with combustion engines or combustible gases. (medscape.com)

Caribbean: NCEH also created training materials for the Haiti National Directorate for Drinking Water and Sanitation in response to the 2010 cholera outbreak. (cdc.gov)
Ethiopia: When an outbreak of liver disease with no known cause occurred in Ethiopia , NCEH investigated along with WHO and Ethiopian health, nutrition, and agriculture agencies. (cdc.gov)
Southeast Asia: NCEH epidemiologists and laboratory scientists joined Bangladesh health officials and CDC staff stationed there to help solve a mysterious outbreak of children's deaths in a village near Dhaka. (cdc.gov)
Chapter 2.1 outlines epidemiological research techniques, including rapid needs assessments, health and health facility surveillance, outbreak investigations and other incident reports, and the use of databases containing disaster data. (who.int)
7 found that 2 years after the SARS outbreak, health care workers who treated these patients had elevated rates of smoking and drinking, absenteeism due to stress or illness, decreased face-to-face contact with patients, and decreased work hours.Yet rates of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and other mental illness were not elevated. (psychiatrictimes.com)
In the context of a disease outbreak, a public health emergency is declared when there is an unexpected increase in the number of cases or deaths, and the spread of the disease is deemed to be of urgent concern. (runningshorts.com)
This declaration enables governments and public health agencies to mobilize resources, implement emergency response plans, and adopt measures to contain and manage the outbreak. (runningshorts.com)

In August 2020, Hurricane Laura made landfall in the Gulf Coast, with the eye of the storm positioned directly over Lake Charles, Louisiana. (episcopalrelief.org)
Hurricane Delta made landfall and caused further damages the following October. (episcopalrelief.org)

Its purpose is to track experiences during the pandemic, including health, behavior and economic changes. (fitness-gear-pro.com)
The Social Science Research Council (SSRC), as part of its Just Tech program , seeks proposals from across the social sciences and related fields that address the risks, opportunities, and challenges posed by public health surveillance stemming from the Covid-19 pandemic. (grantmanagementassoc.com)
Indeed, the Covid-19 pandemic has already laid bare the vast differences in available infrastructure, long-term support, and economic security available to different segments of society. (grantmanagementassoc.com)
There was substantial variability, however, in the extent to which the stress of pandemic pregnancy influenced maternal mental health. (bvsalud.org)
These findings may contribute to the improvement of maternal prenatal medical and psychological care during a public health crisis of international concern, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. (bvsalud.org)
And yet, despite these warnings - not to mention real-life influenza outbreaks in 2009, 2013 and 2017 - the gaps in America's pandemic response have never been filled. (huffpost.com)

Although most individuals experience only transitory posttraumatic symptoms, others experience the effects of the disaster long after the traumatic event when new experiences remind them of the past. (appi.org)
This timely book incorporates DSM-IV criteria and the new diagnostic category acute stress disorder, which emphasizes the breadth of posttraumatic stress symptoms and disorders and the importance of distinguishing between acute and long-term responses to traumatic events. (appi.org)
In North Carolina, a reported increase in persons presenting with asthma symptoms was postulated to be caused by exposure to mold ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
For employees who work in construction, trade occupations, industrial, mechanics and HVAC, daily exposures to harmful substances can build up over time and cause symptoms of lung problems. (ohsonline.com)
Lung inflammation and shortness of breath are also symptoms of coal dust exposure. (ohsonline.com)
Anaphylaxis symptoms usually occur within minutes of exposure to an allergen. (nchmd.org)
Even if symptoms improve after the injection, you still need to go to an emergency room to make sure symptoms don't recur, even without more exposure to the allergen. (nchmd.org)

Mortality estimates from Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico. (who.int)

Anecdotal reports associate exposures from Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy response and recovery activities with individuals' respiratory illnesses. (cdc.gov)
To provide guidance to clinicians who see patients presenting with illnesses that may relate to exposures during hurricane response and recovery activities, a new course segment offering Continuing Medical Education will be incorporated with an update to the UCONN Center for Indoor Environments and Health on-line Clinicians Mold Course [ www.video.uchc.edu/MoldMoisture/ ]. (cdc.gov)
When it's cold outside, you will need to be aware of low humidity levels, the increase of contagious illnesses and seasonal health conditions. (ohsonline.com)
To document injuries and illnesses incurred by search-and-recovery (S&R) dogs deployed to northern California in response to the Camp Fire wildfire of November 2018 and identify fire scene-specific hazards. (avma.org)
Injuries and illnesses relating to standing water, mold, and bacteria -- including skin abrasions and lesions, allergic reactions, and asthma attacks -- often increase after hurricanes, as do the injuries that make the construction injury one of the most dangerous in the country, like falls from unsafe structures or ladders or heavy machinery incidents. (migrantclinician.org)
Understanding the human exposome is important because common illnesses, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, may result from multiple and varied environmental exposures over time, as well as interactions between those exposures and your genes. (nih.gov)

The material in this report originated in the National Center for Environmental Health, Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry, Howard Franklin, MD, Director, and the Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, Michael A. McGeehin, PhD, Director. (cdc.gov)
Such a surveillance program will help CDC and state and local public health officials refine the guidelines for exposure avoidance, personal protection, and clean-up and assist health departments to identify unrecognized hazards. (cdc.gov)
Sources of vulnerability and exposure to hazards. (who.int)
Images of devastated neighborhoods, prolonged electricity outages, toxic chemical spills, and medical evacuations provide vivid depictions of health hazards that increase the immediate and long-term medical needs for populations affected by a disaster. (jabfm.org)
These safety hazards can cause serious injuries or fatalities (Occupational Safety and Health Administration 2013). (bakerinstitute.org)
Environmental hazards like chemical spills, radiation leaks, or air pollution can also trigger public health emergencies. (runningshorts.com)

Therefore, the focus should be on transitioning from emergency response to long-term recovery and building resilience in the affected communities. (runningshorts.com)

This volume pays particular attention to the array of psychiatric responses to trauma, including PTSD and the unfolding of illness and recovery over time. (appi.org)
Neurobiological scientists (such as psychologists with expertise on the psychophysiology of chronic stress and resulting health effects), neurobehavioral toxicologists, neuropsychologists, and psychiatric or psychological epidemiologists. (cdc.gov)
The study objective is to test mechanisms thought to be responsible for the comorbidity between psychiatric and medical sequelae of World Trade Center (WTC) exposures. (cdc.gov)

The wristbands passively measured exposures to the 1,500 toxic chemicals, carcinogens, and endocrine disruptors that could have immediate and long-term effects on health, including cancer. (cancer.gov)
The staff report provides a detailed examination of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registryâ€™s (ATSDR) production, approval and release of a 2007 health consultation the agency did on formaldehyde levels in unoccupied travel trailers. (cdc.gov)
This document is provided by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ONLY as an historical reference for the public health community. (cdc.gov)
For farm workers living in impoverished communities and sub-standard housing, exposure to toxic chemicals, flooding and lack of insurance have resulted in a greater need for assistance. (pesticide.org)
The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the federal agency created to protect workers, has ignored research on workplace safeguards against post-disaster toxic exposures. (publicintegrity.org)
In high quantities, chlorine dioxide is very toxic, which is why the United States Environmental Protection Agency sets strict limits on exposure. (isitbadforyou.com)
in experimental studies, it was shown that exposure to CO produces marked decrease in cytochrome oxidase suggesting direct toxic effects. (medscape.com)

Your work can also hire an occupational health professional to investigate your work environment and look for any threats to respiratory health. (ohsonline.com)

The work is directed to increase knowledge and protective behavior related to mold mitigation and health effects within emergency and recovery responders in states affected by Hurricane Sandy. (cdc.gov)
CDC/ATSDR also shares the desire of advocates and Congressional investigators to ensure the best public health processes and science are used to understand the health effects associated with exposure to formaldehyde. (cdc.gov)
and providing residents and health care providers health information to recognize and reduce health effects potentially related to indoor air quality issues. (cdc.gov)
To examine what is known about the potential effects of possible chronic stress on public health. (cdc.gov)
What is known about the long-term health effects of chronically increased stress among individuals living near hazardous waste sites? (cdc.gov)
The first scientific studies of the health effects of stress associated with environmen al contamination occurred after the Three Mile Island (TMI) accident. (cdc.gov)
This report provides information on how to limit exposure to mold and how to identify and prevent mold-related health effects. (cdc.gov)
Evidence is included about assessing exposure, clean-up and prevention, personal protective equipment, health effects, and public health strategies and recommendations. (cdc.gov)
48 hours will generally support visible and extensive mold growth and should be remediated, and excessive exposure to mold-contaminated materials can cause adverse health effects in susceptible persons regardless of the type of mold or the extent of contamination. (cdc.gov)
Studies of the public health, mental health, and environmental effects of the storm are still under way, and could take years to complete. (texmed.org)
The long-term environmental effects on people's homes and health is also an area ripe for study. (texmed.org)
We specifically encourage proposals that interrogate the role the public and private sectors may play in mitigating or exacerbating the health crisis, the effects of which are already unevenly distributed. (grantmanagementassoc.com)
The initial blast is far more destructive than any conventional weapons, while the subsequent exposure to radiation and spread of radioactive fallout can cause lasting health and environmental effects. (daisyalliance.org)
Immigrants, migrant workers and undocumented people are still feeling the effects the Hurricane Harvey's destruction. (episcopalrelief.org)
While the law requires employers and companies to provide protection, exposure to workplace toxins has chronic health effects long after initial exposure. (ohsonline.com)
Long-term side effects of 'F' items are usually very serious. (isitbadforyou.com)
Exposure to mold can cause respiratory problems, allergies, and other adverse health effects. (bakerinstitute.org)
While individual events can have short-term effects, insurance companies can recover over time, especially if they have strong fundamentals. (whye.org)
Exposure science is the study of our contact, such as by swallowing, breathing, or touching, with environmental factors and their effects on the human body. (nih.gov)
Dermal methylene chloride exposure may not result in significant systemic effects but can cause significant dermal burns. (medscape.com)

Landfall of Hurricane Katrina occurred at the beginning of CDC week 35, and news reports estimated that the final evacuation of persons from the New Orleans area occurred the following Sunday, September 4 ( 4 ), the beginning of CDC week 36. (cdc.gov)

A construction worker pushes a wheelbarrow in Fort Myers Beach, Florida, on Nov. 2, 2022, after Hurricane Ian devastated the area on Sept. 28, 2022. (publicintegrity.org)

As we sprint to devise solutions that will necessarily marry state intervention with technological development-exposure notification, wearables, contact tracing, and the federation of varied forms of personal data, such as electronic health records, geolocation information, and consumer data-we must also pause to reflect on how choices made now will structure political, social, and public health risks and opportunities on the horizon. (grantmanagementassoc.com)
Filed a lawsuit March 14, the lawsuit claims the railway allowed its employees to be exposed to asbestos despite being aware of the associated adverse health risks. (lawyersandsettlements.com)
Jobs that have asbestos-containing materials can pose risks to your health when you breathe in the asbestos fibers that are used for fireproofing, strength and chemical resistance . (ohsonline.com)
Following a disaster, a thorough emergency response allows health centers to shifts gears to address the longer-term health consequences of disaster as well as the many health and safety risks from cleanup and demolition, both for those who were impacted by the disaster and for the mobile cleanup crews that arrive in the weeks and months after. (migrantclinician.org)
Many of these workers had no experience in post-disaster cleanup and the risks to their health and safety that they were taking. (migrantclinician.org)

After Hurricane Laura hit the Gulf Coast in 2020, the average number of COVID-19 hospitalizations increased, compared to before the storm, and was significantly higher in counties most affected by the storm. (globalchange.gov)

Considering these reports and other experience in our clinic, the UCONN Center for Indoor Environments and Health began working on a project - Recovery from catastrophic weather: mold exposure and health-related training* last year. (cdc.gov)
The Episcopal Diocese of Northern California has been an Episcopal Relief & Development disaster response partner for the past five years of repeated, catastrophic events including the LNU Complex, Kincade and Carr and Mendocino fires as well as the Camp Fire in Butte County. (episcopalrelief.org)

Limited long-term studies suggest that post-disaster symptomatology peaks in the first year and then declines, but the course of recovery is variable. (psychiatrictimes.com)

The devastating Category 4 hurricane brought on storm surges, tornadoes and flooding along the Texas-Louisiana border, causing billions of dollars of damage and killing at least ten people. (episcopalrelief.org)

Lead poisoning in Nigeria, mercury poisoning in Peru, liver disease in Ethiopia, pesticide poisoning in Bangladesh-around the world CDC's National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH) helps investigate widespread health problems like these caused by environmental exposures. (cdc.gov)
Their findings suggested exposure may be widespread and threaten human health there and in other mining areas. (cdc.gov)
Mental health impact of widespread flooding in the UK. (who.int)

Much of the information in the report comes from an April 1, 2008, Subcommittee hearing that included testimony from Dr. Howard Frumkin, director of ATSDR and CDCâ€™s National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH) and Dr. Thomas Sinks, ATSDR/NCEH deputy director. (cdc.gov)
Read about the ways the National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH) helps public health programs around the world. (cdc.gov)

Environmental exposures can be external factors such as sunlight, chemical pollutants, diet, and social interactions, or internal factors, such as stress or metabolism. (nih.gov)

Posttraumatic responses in spouse/significant others of disaster workers. (appi.org)
Dr. Santos says physicians and other health workers at those shelters responded much more nimbly to patient needs, thanks to important lessons learned from previous storms. (texmed.org)
For instance, mental health workers actively patrolled shelters looking for people with mental health issues rather than waiting for them to ask for help. (texmed.org)
Without protection, workers are exposed to lethal toxins making them sick long after the cleanup. (publicintegrity.org)
Further, despite the hazardous conditions they face, immigrant reconstruction workers often lack access to health care. (bakerinstitute.org)
In general, being undocumented or having an otherwise tenuous immigration status makes workers more vulnerable to wage theft, job site abandonment, and lack of fundamental health and safety supplies. (bakerinstitute.org)
For instance, if you want to make sure health care workers are seeing your reporting on the availability of critical supplies, email that coverage not just to a handful of sources and the hospital public relations contact, but to the local health department, nurses' union, etc. (americanpressinstitute.org)
Just over a year later, the stockpile delivered post-exposure prophylaxis to hundreds of postal workers who had been exposed to anthrax. (huffpost.com)
Certain communities-including essential workers, older adults, low-wealth communities, and communities of color-are disproportionately impacted by these compounded exposures (KM 15.2 ). (globalchange.gov)
The goal of OEM is to enhance workers' productivity by promoting workers' overall health and safety in the workplace, at home, and in the community. (msdmanuals.com)

Additionally, we will examine case studies of successful endings of public health emergencies to gain valuable insights and lessons learned. (runningshorts.com)

and whether neurobehavioral disorders caused by chronic low-dose exposure to neurotoxicants, which may manifest as psychological distress, are a public health phenomenon near hazardous waste sites. (cdc.gov)
or chronic exposure, as in residence near a leaking hazardous waste site can cause people to experience psychological uncertainty, worry, and chronic stress. (cdc.gov)
6 Disaster mental health assistance during the acute phase is often more practical than psychological in nature. (psychiatrictimes.com)
One reason is that both conditions arose from the horrific environmental and psychological exposures at the WTC site. (cdc.gov)

Combat exposure and PTSD among homeless veterans of three wars. (appi.org)
Except for subjective health, the associations for PTSD were stronger. (cdc.gov)
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a syndrome resulting from exposure to real or threatened serious injury or sexual assault. (medscape.com)
PTSD) can emerge following exposure to Exposure to violence in the United States a traumatic event. (who.int)

After Hurricane Maria some areas went months without access to clean water (and never regained access) - a huge concern in infant feeding in emergencies. (newswise.com)
Thank you for joining us for today's emergency partners information connection webinar tied to national preparedness month children in public health emergencies. (cdc.gov)
Since emergencies are by their very nature unpredictable, the appropriate response for health centers will vary depending on the duration, scope, severity, and nature of the emergency. (migrantclinician.org)
Clinicians are trained to manage medical emergencies by establishing clearly defined roles and functions for the members of the health care team, using triage systems, establishing a safe and efficient care environment, reassuring patients through clear communication, and providing treatment swiftly and according to urgency and degree of need. (migrantclinician.org)
We will delve into the role of government, the public health measures to consider, and the challenges that may arise in bringing an end to such emergencies. (runningshorts.com)

Specifically, Belman alleges that Goedeke suffered second hand asbestos exposure to asbestos fibers that clung to her husband's work clothing. (lawyersandsettlements.com)
Although even one single incident, like exposure to asbestos fibers, can be detrimental to your health. (ohsonline.com)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration 2013). (bakerinstitute.org)

Exposure to particulate pollution can intensify COVID-19 morbidity and mortality (KM 15.2 ). (globalchange.gov)

You know, this is not a short-term event and an acute exposure of something. (wqln.org)

Where uncertainties in scientific knowledge exist, practical applications designed to be protective of a person's health are presented. (cdc.gov)
The CDC data included a location for each participant, and the researchers used it to match each person's mental health status to the weather where he or she lived. (latimes.com)

Innovations and Challenges in Occupational and Environmental Health, New England College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Annual Conference, December 4-5, 2014, Newton, Massachusetts. (cdc.gov)
This poster discusses UCONN's work to provide primary care, occupational and environmental specialists, and emergency response physicians with guidance to make informed decisions in patient treatment. (cdc.gov)
HEW also addressed environmental health concerns including pesticide chemical residues on agricultural products and air pollution. (hhs.gov)
10 HEW, later HHS, continued the separate but synergistic work of addressing environmental threats to health. (hhs.gov)
Examples of adaptation interventions in the built environment might include better home insulation, and actions at community and personal levels aiming to reduce exposure to extreme environmental conditions. (isee2022.org)
If you are giving a presentation about an environmental health topic or just looking for general information about environmental health research or the institute, this page will help. (nih.gov)
NIEHS is committed to conducting the most rigorous research in environmental health sciences, and to communicating the results of this research to the public. (nih.gov)
NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health. (nih.gov)
NIEHS offers a broad range of job opportunities, career enhancement programs, and research training grants and programs in environmental health sciences and administration. (nih.gov)
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) is expanding and accelerating its contributions to scientific knowledge of human health and the environment, and to the health and well-being of people everywhere. (nih.gov)
The exposome is the sum of all environmental exposures and our body's response to those exposures across the lifespan. (nih.gov)
In the acute care setting, OEM physicians consider whether an injury or illness is due to an occupational or environmental exposure. (msdmanuals.com)
Considering potential environmental exposures in the differential diagnosis can help avoid a delay in diagnosis. (msdmanuals.com)
The cause of some conditions, such as occupational asthma and contact dermatitis, may not initially be recognized as an occupational or environmental exposure, resulting in delay in controlling exposure to the inciting agent. (msdmanuals.com)

Days, weeks, and months after a major hurricane, earthquake, or other disaster, a new set of health concerns replaces the acute ones felt during the event itself. (migrantclinician.org)
The literature search has been conducted in Pubmed using the search terms 'L'Aquila' and 'earthquake' as keywords. (bvsalud.org)

I am Mabel Woghiren and [inaudible] fellow appointed to CDC's office of [inaudible] preparedness and response. (cdc.gov)
She worked on children's health team during CDC's Ebola response or she has worked in the disability and health branch for three years where she continues her work in emergency preparedness. (cdc.gov)
And then finally, we have Jessica Franks Jessica Franks is and [inaudible] fellow working as a health communications specialist for children's preparedness unit in the national Center of birth defects and developmental disabilities. (cdc.gov)
Her work advances children's inclusion in emergency preparedness planning and response efforts at a national state and local level. (cdc.gov)
My name is Jessica Franks and I'm a health communications fellow for the children's preparedness unit. (cdc.gov)
Conclusions: As a nation, there is much work to be done in terms of preparedness to reach performance measure targets of 80 percent. (cdc.gov)
Episcopal Farmworkers Ministry, in partnership with Episcopal Relief & Development, is leading the way to improve disaster preparedness and response capacity of this group. (episcopalrelief.org)
Last October, the Center for Strategic and International Studies convened a panel of 20 global health experts to run a disaster-preparedness scenario and give advice to policymakers. (huffpost.com)

Check the Community Testing Events page daily for more events provided by NCDHHS in partnership with Vidant Health, Orig3n, Inc and the North Carolina Community Health Center Association. (carolinapublicpress.org)

The other side of chaos: understanding the patterns of posttraumatic responses. (appi.org)

Disparities in exposure to particulate pollution may partially explain why Indigenous, Alaska Native, Pacific Islander, Black, and Latinx Americans have experienced higher rates of COVID-19 cases, hospitalization, and death compared to White Americans. (globalchange.gov)

In addition, the center is a proud leader in community outreach, education, and reduction of health disparities in Texas. (cancer.gov)

Five years after Hurricane Maria, Episcopal Relief & Development continues to partner with the Episcopal Diocese of Puerto Rico's Programa REDES to support its supply distribution efforts, restore uninsured homes, provide emotional care for caregivers and ongoing help with volunteer management and resiliency building. (episcopalrelief.org)

Tricia Wachtendorf , director of the Disaster Research Center, can discuss evacuation decision-making, disaster response and coordination, disaster relief (donations) and logistics, volunteer and emergent efforts and social vulnerability. (newswise.com)
We're always looking backward at where the holes are," said Downey, who has been researching American disaster response for over a decade. (huffpost.com)

While troublesome, such emotions may not appear immediately harmful and can lead to a rational response to the degradation of the natural world motivating adaptive action. (wikipedia.org)
And this comes at a health cost for those exposed to harmful toxins like mold, asbestos and lead. (publicintegrity.org)
Harmful to your health. (isitbadforyou.com)
Category 'F' is for things that fail to bring anything beneficial to the table, and are very harmful to your health. (isitbadforyou.com)

For the majority of persons, undisturbed mold is not a substantial health hazard. (cdc.gov)
However, exposure to mold remains a serious problem because many people have not had the money to fix flood-damaged homes, he says. (texmed.org)

Cindy Hinton is a health scientist in the disability and health branch in the division of human development and disability at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
It is a pleasure to appear before you as Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ), the Nation's leading public health protection agency located within the Department of Health and Human Services. (desmog.com)
CONCLUSION: Lacrimator exposure calls to United States poison centers decreased from 2000 to 2021. (cdc.gov)
For example, the EPA regulates drinking water and enforces certain limitations on exposure to contaminants like lead, 11 while the HHS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program is dedicated to eliminating the public health problem of childhood lead poisoning through blood lead testing and surveillance, linking exposed children to recommended services, and targeted population-based interventions. (hhs.gov)

CDC/ATSDR recognizes that the agencies should have moved more forcefully to address the emerging concern related to formaldehyde levels in FEMA-provided trailers, particularly as it became apparent that people were living in them for longer periods of time, not as a short term solution as they had been widely considered in the past. (cdc.gov)
Follow the links below to learn how NCEH protects people around the world from health threats in the air they breathe, the water they drink, the food they eat, the places they live. (cdc.gov)
The health of all individuals is influenced by the health of people, animals, and the environment around us. (desmog.com)
During a hurricane or tropical storm, the safety of staff and of people getting tested is prioritized. (carolinapublicpress.org)
In response to mosquitos, the state of Texas sprayed over 6.39 million acres [2] with an insecticide and recommended people use repellents and take other precautions. (pesticide.org)
There was just a dramatic and ready response - people giving huge amounts of time to operate these clinics. (texmed.org)
Projects illuminating the experiences of historically marginalized people are especially encouraged, as are those that can constructively inform policy responses across communities and institutions. (grantmanagementassoc.com)
Obradovich and his colleagues used the responses to classify people into two groups: those who reported any recent days with poor mental health, and those who didn't. (latimes.com)
Also, the way the question was worded allowed the researchers to identify people who were experiencing mental distress even if they hadn't sought professional health, they wrote. (latimes.com)
When the maximum daily temperature averaged 86 degrees Fahrenheit or above, the odds that people would experience poor mental health were 1 percentage point higher than in months when the average high temperature was between 50 and 59 degrees, and 0.5 percentage points higher than when the average high temperature was between 77 and 86 degrees. (latimes.com)
2 Sanitation became a public responsibility and many local public health agencies were established in large part to protect urban-dwelling, working-class people from contagious disease. (hhs.gov)
But, despite the government's failures, the people of Hong Kong, mobilized by the protest movement, launched a response that suppressed the original wave of COVID-19 and mitigated its resurgence. (theanarchistlibrary.org)
This highlighted the lack of access to clean water for health and hygiene for more than 2 million people living in the US, the majority of whom are people of color (KM 4.2 ). (globalchange.gov)
Research in this field aims to determine the types, levels, and combinations of exposures people experience and how those exposures affect human health and disease over a lifetime. (nih.gov)
Scientists seek to better understand how various types of exposures are transported across land, air, and water and, upon contact with people, transformed within our bodies. (nih.gov)

Organisms3

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Psychiatry and Psychology20

Phenomena and Processes10

Disciplines and Occupations10

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena26

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities3

Information Science7

Named Groups9

Health Care137

Geographicals16

Disasters30

Floods5

Wildfires4

Earthquakes3

Impacts8

Harvey14

Multiple exposures1

Assess4

Severe8

Outcomes4

Katrina and Rita4

Climate22

Aftermath5

Risk28

Outbreak7

Made landfall2

Pandemic6

Symptoms7

Puerto Rico1

Illnesses6

Hazards6

Resilience1

Psychiatric3

Toxic7

Threats to respiratory health1

Effects20

Landfall1

20221

Risks5

Gulf Coast1

Catastrophic2

Post-disaster1

Tornadoes1

Widespread3

National Center for Environmental Health2

Interactions1

Workers10

Lessons Learned1

Psychological4

PTSD4

Emergencies5

Asbestos fibers2

Occupational Safety and Hea1

Morbidity and morta1

Acute exposure1

Person's2

Environmental14

Earthquake2

Preparedness8

North Carolina1

Patterns1

Particulate1

Disparities1

Maria1

Disaster response2

Harmful4

Mold2

Centers4

People15