• As shown in this table, OREIS data for cesium 137 and strontium 90, as well as cobalt 60, yttrium 90, americium 241, and hydrogen 3 were evaluated. (cdc.gov)
  • Plumes of strontium-90 and heavy metals leaked into the groundwater, and trace amounts of tritium have been found in local milk and wine. (uchicago.edu)
  • In 2004 and 2005, 83,000 liters of radioactive acid leaked into the North Sea, containing carcinogens such as strontium-90 and cesium-137. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • Increased levels of radionuclides, such as cesium-137, cobalt-60 and americium-241 were also found in soil samples around the complex, suggesting radioactive contamination of agricultural products for human consumption. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • DOE's own sampling data, especially from its key fish sampling locations has been carefully archived for decades and these data confirm high levels of Cs-137 and Sr-90 and other radionuclides and fish tissue in many locations downstream of WOC. (cdc.gov)
  • In the PHA, "ATSDR concluded that past, current, and future exposures to radionuclides released from White Oak Creek to the Clinch River/Lower Watts Bar Reservoir are not a public health hazard. (cdc.gov)
  • As a result, nearly 10 tons of radioactive fuel inside the reactor caught fire and burned uncontrollably for two days, polluting the atmosphere with radionuclides such as plutonium, cesium, strontium and iodine. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • Alpha particle ( ionizing radiation ) - two neutrons and two protons bound as a single particle (a helium nucleus) that is emitted from the nucleus of certain radioactive isotopes in the process of disintegration. (cdc.gov)
  • Background radioactivity - radioactive elements in the natural environment including those in the crust of the earth (like radioactive potassium, uranium, and thorium isotopes) and those produced by cosmic rays. (cdc.gov)
  • Beta particle ( ionizing radiation ) - a charged particle emitted from the nucleus of certain unstable atomic nuclei (radioactive isotopes), having the charge and mass of an electron. (cdc.gov)
  • Specifically, they are worried about the fact that U.S. spent fuel pools are loaded with a large quantity of fuel assemblies that have been used to generate power and thus contain radioactive isotopes, including cesium-137, a gamma emitting isotope with a 30-year half life. (atomicinsights.com)
  • As the local newspaper, the Tri-City Herald, reports, this has happened multiple times in the last five years, such as when a building demolition released plutonium dust that blew for miles, or when plutonium and americium particles contaminated workers' cars, including a rental later returned to the company. (uchicago.edu)
  • Sellafield also has the world's largest single stockpile of plutonium, amounting to 123 tonnes in 2013 and rising to 140 tonnes by 2020, including around 15 tonnes currently foreign owned and formally due for repatriation in some form. (wiseinternational.org)
  • Until 1971, Hanford's radioactive reactor effluent was discharged straight into the Columbia River, which has long been a vital waterway to the nearby towns of Richland, Pasco, and Kennewick, referred to today as the Tri-Cities. (uchicago.edu)
  • The marine environment of the Irish Sea also suffered from the disaster, as well as from countless other spills, leaks, incidents and the deliberate or accidental discharge of radioactive effluent. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • Page 4, Line 4: "ATSDR determined that the levels of radioactive contaminants that entered the Clinch River, and as well as those that reached the downstream Lower Watts Bar Reservoir, are too low to cause observable adverse health effects for most people who used or continue to use the river for food or recreation. (cdc.gov)
  • By the beginning of the 1980s, the name "Windscale" had become tarnished by countless incidents, spills and irresponsible handling of radioactive contaminants. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • Concentrated on a compact site of 1.5 square miles is a jumble of buildings, pipes, roads, railways and waterways, randomly assembled over more than half a dozen decades, which together manage around two-thirds by radioactivity of all the radioactive wastes in the UK. (wiseinternational.org)
  • The Sellafield radioactive waste component includes all the high-level wastes (less than 1% by volume, over half the radioactivity) held in liquid form or stored in vitrified blocks, and half the volume of intermediate-level wastes (the other half being held at various sites around the country). (wiseinternational.org)
  • He looked up at the miles of cables and pipes above us, indicating their exposed vulnerability in the event of disruption which could affect the cooling of the liquors below, releasing a massive burst of radioactivity, and commented: 'You could say we are standing on the most dangerous place on earth. (wiseinternational.org)
  • It used HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry to measure the amount of natural radioactivity in soil samples from Karamjal and Harbaria sites of the world's largest mangrove forest. (bvsalud.org)
  • They assert that the potential radioactive contamination problem associated with the material in the spent fuel pools could be reduced by moving assemblies that have been out of reactors for more than five years into licensed dry storage containers. (atomicinsights.com)
  • spores, etc. (vi) Extra terrestrial substances (vii) Volcanic eruption-releasing CO, H2S, SO 2 etc. (viii) Decay products of natural organic or inorganic substances. (cyberpointsolution.com)
  • The 228Th:228Ra ratios of foliage and organic soil horizons evolve with time following a predictable radioactive decay law and thus provide a new chronometer for absolute age-dating of plant and soil organic matter. (bvsalud.org)
  • Preferential uptake of 228Th (t0.5 = 1.9 years) and 228Ra (t0.5 = 5.9 years) by canopy tree species, ferns, and mosses, drives disequilibrium in the 232Th-228Ra-228Th radioactive decay series within forest vegetation and organic soils. (bvsalud.org)
  • It refers to the release into the atmosphere of materials in concentrations that are harmful to human beings, plants, animals and buildings cr other objects. (cyberpointsolution.com)
  • The U.S. Institute for Resource and Security Studies has called Sellafield "one of the world's most dangerous concentrations of long-lived radioactive materials. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • Even the pro-nuclear International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has had to admit that Windscale was a major contributor to radioactive pollution of the Atlantic Ocean. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • Europe's largest civil and military nuclear complex is located in Sellafield. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • Following the Fukushima nuclear meltdowns in 2011, the British government decided to at least cease producing MOX at Sellafield, but with no way of disposing of the spent fuel, Sellafield is more and more turning into a radioactive waste dump. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • If we'd stopped producing in 1945, we'd have a minuscule amount [of radioactive waste] compared to what's out there in those tanks now," Franklin says. (uchicago.edu)
  • The treaty also prohibits the dumping of radioactive waste originating from outside the continent within the region. (nti.org)
  • Given that only a limited proportion of the initial population had returned in 2019 (~30%), it raises the question as to whether decontaminating a small percentage of the contaminated area was worth the effort, the price, and the amount of waste generated? (bvsalud.org)
  • More than 2000 people are victims of hazardous materials releases in these states each year. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] The main challenge was adapting the existing models, whose primary focus was containing a hazardous material release, to one that reflected the chaos of a large-scale disaster involving a large number of affected individuals. (medscape.com)
  • The badges were issued as part of a publicity campaign designed to lure tourists to Britain's notorious and (in)famous nuclear complex - the largest industrial site in the UK. (wiseinternational.org)
  • Air filters are least efficient for particle sizes of about 0.3 microns and collect smaller and larger particles more efficiently. (cdc.gov)
  • Because of their relatively large mass and positive charge, alpha particles are highly effective in transferring energy to tissue but are also easily blocked by a piece of paper or clothing. (medscape.com)
  • These can be gases, liquids, or solids and include radioactive and chemical materials. (medscape.com)
  • An ulcer in subacute stage and 5 ulcers following self-healing with depigmentation caused by being unawarely exposed 4-8 months earlier to the same164 GBq (4.4 Ci) cesium-137 source (placed in a pocket of a trench coat used as a blanket). (medscape.com)
  • ATSDR should immediately get access to the OREIS database, confirm these findings, and release this information to the public. (cdc.gov)
  • Many citizens also hold archives of these environmental releases from the time before DOE limited access to it. (cdc.gov)
  • ATSDR used the OREIS data covering the time period from 1989 to 2003 to evaluate the current and future exposures and doses related to radionuclide releases from White Oak Creek. (cdc.gov)
  • Activity - the mean number of decays per unit time of a radioactive nuclide expressed as disintegrations per second. (cdc.gov)
  • The evaluation of radiological hazard parameters revealed that the outdoor absorbed dose rate (maximum 73.25 nGyh-1) and outdoor annual effective dose (maximum 0.09 mSvy-1) for most samples exceeded the corresponding world average values. (bvsalud.org)
  • A fire in 1957, as well as numerous accidents and radioactive leaks, have polluted the environment and exposed the population to increased levels of radiation. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • Accordingly, ATSDR concluded that these current and future exposures are not a health hazard. (cdc.gov)
  • It's fine to have autonomy for a program that needs a certain amount of secrecy," says Mark Henry, the section manager for radiological emergency preparedness at the Washington State Department of Health. (uchicago.edu)
  • From World War II to the 1970s, the Oregon Public Health Division called the Columbia the most radioactive river in the world. (uchicago.edu)
  • Their premise is that the public will be better protected if the NRC requires nuclear plant operators to reduce the density of their spent fuel pools and limit the amount of material that could potentially be released. (atomicinsights.com)
  • But radioactive material getting into the general public does not need autonomy. (uchicago.edu)
  • Spent fuel pool safety was enhanced at U.S. reactors when licensees implemented new NRC requirements to develop strategies for spent fuel pool cooling following losses of large areas of the plant due to fires, explosions, or extreme natural events. (atomicinsights.com)
  • Nigeria has the world's seventh-largest natural gas reserves, yet the nation is blighted by persistent electricity outages which force businesses and individuals who can afford them to rely on generators. (wiseinternational.org)
  • Transuranic elements are a subset of the actinide elements and include those with atomic numbers larger than uranium. (cdc.gov)
  • The term background is also sometimes used in this report to indicate radioactive elements present in the environment that are not a direct result of SRS activities (e.g. atmospheric weapons testing fallout, see definition for fallout ). (cdc.gov)
  • In rather less hyperbolic language the Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) considers HAL 'the most significant hazard on the plant' and its containment a priority. (wiseinternational.org)
  • In the third of a series of articles on the local and social legacies of nuclear energy, Andrew Blowers looks at the search for a solution for radioactive wastes in the UK. (wiseinternational.org)
  • Human error and equipment failure account for most releases. (medscape.com)