• In recent years, flexible hazard regression models based on penalised splines have been developed that allow us to extend the classical Cox-model via the inclusion of time-varying and nonparametric effects. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • In cancer epidemiology using population -based data, regression models for the excess mortality hazard is a useful method to estimate cancer survival and to describe the association between prognosis factors and excess mortality. (bvsalud.org)
  • We propose two parametric corrections in excess hazard regression models, including a single-parameter or a random effect ( frailty ), to account for possible mismatches in the life table and thus misspecification of the background mortality rate. (bvsalud.org)
  • We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by cancer type from 4 models (univariate, multivariate not adjusted for race, not adjusted for IHS, and fully adjusted). (cdc.gov)
  • Using Cox regression models, 10 year mean exposure to road traffic and railway noise at the most (Ldenmax) and least (Ldenmin) exposed façades of buildings were associated with a higher risk of all cause dementia. (lu.se)
  • About 16,600 model helicopters and blades are being recalled because the main blade grips and rotor blades can release from the main rotor head, posing an impact and laceration hazard. (ct.gov)
  • The locking mechanism can fail to hold the blade, posing a laceration hazard. (cpsc.gov)
  • The juicers can rupture during use, striking consumers and posing a laceration hazard," the CPSC warns , adding that they may also leave small particle shavings in the juice, "posing an ingestion hazard to consumers. (wytv.com)
  • therefore, new and efficient solutions for improving the natural hazard mitigation, resilience, and managements are essential for sustainable societies. (mdpi.com)
  • As populations continue to grow and urban areas expand, understanding seismic activity and assessing the associated hazards become critical for disaster preparedness and mitigation. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Flood hazards susceptibility mapping (risk assessment) and modelling is an essential step for early warning systems, emergency services, prevention and mitigation of future environmental and social hazards and implementation of risk management strategies. (tenlong.com.tw)
  • A formalized model that allows at least a crude simulation of the public risk evaluation could therefore be a useful tool to support effective and efficient risk mitigation measures. (copernicus.org)
  • So, the produced Hazard maps will be useful for general land use planning and hazard mitigation purpose. (ac.ir)
  • abstract = "The problem of finding hazards associated with software becomes more necessary if not critical as modern systems increasingly rely on software to provide their main functionalities. (ttu.edu)
  • As a result, the industry has built up a financial resilience to natural hazards. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory for modelling community resilience to natural disasters. (bvsalud.org)
  • Proportional hazards models are a class of survival models in statistics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Survival models relate the time that passes, before some event occurs, to one or more covariates that may be associated with that quantity of time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other types of survival models such as accelerated failure time models do not exhibit proportional hazards. (wikipedia.org)
  • This approach to survival data is called application of the Cox proportional hazards model, sometimes abbreviated to Cox model or to proportional hazards model. (wikipedia.org)
  • Use the interval-censored proportional hazard model to model survival time based on quantitative or qualitative explanatory variables. (xlstat.com)
  • The principle of the proportional hazards model is to link the survival time of an individual to covariates. (xlstat.com)
  • The purpose of the proportional hazard model with interval censored data is, therefore, the same as for the Cox model, but it will also be possible to model survival times for interval-censored data, uncensored data, left censored data or right censored data. (xlstat.com)
  • Kaplan-Meier estimator for the survival function, and Nelso-Aalen estimator for the (cumulative) hazard function. (stackexchange.com)
  • That's why survival curves as a function of time in Cox models have jumps down between flat portions. (stackexchange.com)
  • Key secondary outcomes included bleeding, survival, and risk model validation. (medscape.com)
  • No survival association was found for Native American compared with white lung cancer patients or those using the Indian Health Service versus private insurance in fully adjusted models. (cdc.gov)
  • When using Cox proportional hazards models to analyze these cohorts, this leads to censoring subjects at the time of the initial treatment outcome, instead of them providing full survival data. (cdc.gov)
  • Methods: We derive and apply a logistic regression model to predict vital status at the end of the cohort period and modify the unobserved survival outcomes to better match the predicted survival experience of study subjects. (cdc.gov)
  • The hazard ratios for each variable with confidence intervals are also displayed. (xlstat.com)
  • These associations showed a general pattern of higher hazard ratios with higher noise exposure, but with a levelling off or even small declines in risk at higher noise levels. (lu.se)
  • Associations between stair climbing and ASCVD were examined as hazard ratios (HRs) from Cox proportional hazards model. (medscape.com)
  • USGS 2023 National Seismic Hazard Model Project (NSHMP) Update: What Have We Observed and Learned? (rms.com)
  • It was a privilege that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) selected Moody's RMS headquarters in Newark, California, to host their public workshop for the 2023 USGS National Seismic Hazard Model Update , held on May 3-4, 2023. (rms.com)
  • The purpose of the workshop was for the USGS to present the results of the 2023 National Seismic Hazard Model Project (NSHMP) Update covering the fifty states of the contiguous U.S. and to provide a chance to review the latest hazard results. (rms.com)
  • The 2023 U.S. 50-State National Seismic Hazard Model - Overview Version 1.1 document running to some 65 pages - and full of new insights, is available here , with results from Version 2 of the document shown at the workshop. (rms.com)
  • I have to say that hosting the workshop on behalf of the USGS really represented a modest gesture from us, as the USGS National Seismic Hazard Model is such an invaluable resource for Moody's RMS, as it is for the wider seismology scientific community and practicing engineers. (rms.com)
  • Geostatistical modeling emerges as a powerful tool in this endeavor, enabling scientists and engineers to analyze seismic data, predict ground shaking, and guide measures that enhance resilience and save lives [ 1 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Geostatistical modeling expands this approach by integrating diverse datasets, including seismic recordings, geological information, and geophysical surveys. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Seismic hazard assessment is a fundamental step in understanding earthquake risk and developing strategies to mitigate potential impacts. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) is a cornerstone of geostatistical modeling in earthquake studies. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Geostatistics extends its prowess to site-specific seismic hazard assessment, a critical consideration for urban planning and infrastructure development. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Geostatistical modeling of earthquakes and seismic hazard assessment holds the key to a safer and more resilient future in earthquake-prone regions. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Do French macroseismic intensity observations agree with expectations from the European Seismic Hazard Model 2013? (strath.ac.uk)
  • Probabilistic seismic hazard assessments are the basis of modern seismic design codes. (strath.ac.uk)
  • To test fully a seismic hazard curve at the return periods of interest for engineering would require many thousands of years' worth of ground-motion recordings. (strath.ac.uk)
  • 2015), these exceedances are compared with those predicted by the European Seismic Hazard Model 2013 (ESHM13). (strath.ac.uk)
  • To obtain an accurate uniform hazard spectrum (UHS), this paper proposes combining a stochastic simulation with probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. (hindawi.com)
  • To compare the seismic performance of the NPP under different ground motions generated by the existing site spectrum (SL-2), the UHS generated by the safety evaluation report, and the US RG1.60 spectrum, respectively, a three-dimensional finite element model is established, and dynamic analysis is performed. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) with such conditions has attracted increasing attention. (hindawi.com)
  • 4 ] developed the UHS using available seismic hazard data for four Korean NPP sites. (hindawi.com)
  • Desai and Choudhury [ 5 ] analysed site-specific seismic hazards and one-dimensional equivalent linear ground responses of important sites in Mumbai, and a designed UHS with 5% damping was obtained from the PSHA at each site. (hindawi.com)
  • Thus, seismic hazard curves remain highly uncertain. (hindawi.com)
  • As is well known, there are two main approaches to modeling of default risk: the structural approach and the reduced-form approach. (hindawi.com)
  • For categorical covariates, competing modelling approaches are linear effects and time-varying effects, whereas nonparametric modelling provides a further alternative in case of continuous covariates. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • By linking geo-spatial computational intelligence techniques with societal and environmental-oriented problems, this book demonstrates geospatial technology approaches to data mining techniques, data analysis, modelling, risk assessment and visualization and management strategies in different aspects of flood hazards. (tenlong.com.tw)
  • During the meeting, the ATSDR technical team provided overviews and technical details pertaining to the modeling approaches and activities performed to date. (cdc.gov)
  • By using a fairly large number of intervals, we should get an essentially semiparametric model similar to the McKeague-Sasieni and Lin-Ying approaches. (fsu.edu)
  • For our model, since the number of parameters is finite (although large), conventional approaches (such as maximum likelihood) are easy to formulate and implement. (fsu.edu)
  • Multidisciplinary approaches in natural hazard and risk. (copernicus.org)
  • RENCI's Brian Blanton, PhD, recently gave a talk called " Simulating Storm Surge for Coastal Hazard and Risk Assessment" as part of a Disaster Resilience Symposium held at Virginia Tech. (renci.org)
  • Risk assessment of AST subject to storm event is of great importance considering its vulnerability to natural hazards. (utexas.edu)
  • We believe it is the first freely available national, high-resolution coastal hazard assessment tool for an atoll country in the world. (pina.com.fj)
  • For the next-generation risk assessment (NGRA) of chemicals and nanomaterials, new approach methodologies (NAMs) are needed for hazard assessment in compliance with the 3R's to reduce, replace and refine animal experiments. (nilu.no)
  • This study indicates that the four ALI lung models have different sensitivities to NM-300K exposure and brings important knowledge for the further development of advanced 3D respiratory in vitro models for the most reliable human hazard assessment based on NAMs. (nilu.no)
  • The main purpose of this study is landslide Hazard assessment the Ziarat watershed (Golestan province) using Information value and LNRF models within geographic information. (ac.ir)
  • The fibrinogen and D-dimer risk assessment model identified individuals with lung and GI cancers who would most benefit from thromboprophylaxis and those who could avoid intervention," the study authors concluded. (medscape.com)
  • Validation of the risk assessment model is limited to lung and GI cancers so far. (medscape.com)
  • When exposed to seaside conditions, corrosion can occur and weaken the cable chocks and they can break, posing a fall hazard to climbers. (cpsc.gov)
  • Excess materials on the left waist belt tab can cause the harness to loosen, posing a fall hazard to the user. (cpsc.gov)
  • Recall Alert: 15.3K children's scooters recalled due to fall hazard The Consumer Product Safety Commission and Jetson Electric Bikes have announced the recall of more than 15,300 children's scooters. (wsbtv.com)
  • The back wheel can loosen or fall off leading to a possible fall hazard for children. (wsbtv.com)
  • One may object to reduced-form models for their lack of clear reference to economic fundamentals, such as the firm's asset-to-debt ratio. (hindawi.com)
  • A likelihood ratio or Wald X² test formally tests the hypothesis of whether the model fits the data better than no model. (analyse-it.com)
  • We compare hazard ratio estimates for effect of an aggressive treatment regimen from Cox proportional hazards models using time to initial treatment outcome, predicted vital status, and true vital status at the end of the cohort period. (cdc.gov)
  • The two techniques are (1) the same tornado-diagram approach we employed previously for UCERF2, and (2) an apparently novel probabilistic sensitivity approach that is better suited to functions of nominal random variables and that produced a smaller reduced model with only 60 leaves, as opposed to 57,600. (scec.org)
  • AIR Worldwide founded the catastrophe modelling industry back in 1987 with the release of the first catastrophe model, a probabilistic hurricane model for the United States. (cam.ac.uk)
  • To do so based on physical modelling, the PhD candidate will develop a probabilistic 3D multi-physics, data-driven modelling framework through coupling a semi-analytical reservoir simulator with both HPC dynamic earthquake rupture code SeisSol and a semi-analytical Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics formulation for a complex fault networks. (scec.org)
  • Global society has long been influenced by natural hazards, but as populations continue to grow in areas of high hazard, the humanitarian and economic cost will continue to increase. (cam.ac.uk)
  • At first stage, a landslide inventory map was prepared in the study area using earlier reports and aerial photographs, and a total of 50 landslides was mapped and out of which 35 (70%) were randomly selected for building landslide susceptibility model, while the remaining 15 (30%) were used for validating the model. (ac.ir)
  • The Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast Version 3, Time-Dependent (UCERF3-TD) logic tree has 5,760 branches, which can be computationally problematic for risk analysis of large portfolios, especially when multiplied by five NGAWest-2 ground-motion prediction equations and two site-effect models. (scec.org)
  • Today, AIR model a range of natural hazard and personal liability perils, from earthquake, hurricane, flood, tsunami, storm surge and bushfire through to terrorism and pandemic. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) routinely produces finite‐fault models following significant earthquakes. (usgs.gov)
  • Karen Clark and Company seeks an earthquake hazard professional to join our growing team of catastrophe model developers. (scec.org)
  • Before thoroughly assessing the failure risk of AST during hurricanes, understanding the possible failure mechanism and numerically predicting the tank response to multi-hazard event is inevitable. (utexas.edu)
  • This is one of 9 guides to help MHF operators understand Chapter 9 - Major hazard facilities in the model WHS Regulations. (safeworkaustralia.gov.au)
  • Major hazard facilities (MHF) are industrial sites such as oil refineries, chemical plants and large fuel or chemical storage sites where large amounts of hazardous materials are stored, handled or processed. (safeworkaustralia.gov.au)
  • More information about meeting the regulator's conditions is in the guides for major hazard facilities . (safeworkaustralia.gov.au)
  • The model is motivated as a piecewise approximation of a hazard function composed of three parts: arbitrary nonparametric functions for some covariate effects, smoothly varying functions for others, and known (or constant) functions for yet others. (fsu.edu)
  • The goal of the symposium was to facilitate interdisciplinary discussion and collaboration on efforts to reduce the ecological and socioeconomic risks of coastal hazards. (renci.org)
  • Estimating risks induced by interacting natural hazards remains a challenge for practitioners. (copernicus.org)
  • MHF operators must manage risks and hazards and risks that could lead to a major incident at their MHF facility. (safeworkaustralia.gov.au)
  • preparing a safety case for the MHF that shows the SMS will control risks and hazards that could cause a major incident. (safeworkaustralia.gov.au)
  • This modern proceeding requires an approach in which not only technological, engineering or scientific aspects of the definition of the hazard or the computation of the risk are considered, but also the public concerns about the acceptance of these risks. (copernicus.org)
  • The passenger side seat belt buckle bracket was not properly welded, which could result in the seat belt anchor point separating from the frame, posing an injury hazard to consumers. (cpsc.gov)
  • Through geostatistical interpolation, PSHA generates hazard curves that depict the annual probability of experiencing certain levels of ground motion. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Incorrectly installed check valves and vent hoses can lead to fuel overflow, posing a fire hazard. (cpsc.gov)
  • Home Breaking News Tuvalu launches world-class coastal hazard modelling tool in the face of growing. (pina.com.fj)
  • By considering data such as coastal terrain, storm atmospheric pressure, winds, and waves generated by winds, Blanton and his peers are able to model and forecast storms and storm surge to improve coastal flood predictions. (renci.org)
  • In our data analysis, we identified a prognostic model containing both smooth and time-varying effects. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The first proportional hazard model, introduced by Cox in 1972, works with uncensored data and right censored data. (xlstat.com)
  • If the data contains only uncensored or right-censored observations, it is possible, with this function, to reproduce the results of a Cox model. (xlstat.com)
  • The options available on this tab allow you to specify a second model (with different combinations of predictor variables, interaction terms, and/or transformations), and compare how well each model fits the entered data. (graphpad.com)
  • AIC is an information theory approach that is used to determine how well the data supports each model, taking into account the partial log-likelihood for each model as well as the number of parameters contained within each model. (graphpad.com)
  • However, if the difference is not very big (say 40% vs. 60%), you wouldn't know for sure which model was better, and you'd want to collect more data. (graphpad.com)
  • Importantly, AIC can be used to compare any two models on the same data set. (graphpad.com)
  • It is common to test whether the model fits the data better than the null model with no parameters. (analyse-it.com)
  • Because strong-motion networks are often only a few decades old (e.g. in mainland France the first accelerometric network dates from the mid-1990s), data from such sensors can be used to test hazard estimates only at very short return periods. (strath.ac.uk)
  • At times between events, the hazard is zero: according to the data you have on hand, there is no risk of an event during those time intervals. (stackexchange.com)
  • If you want to explore the theoretical mathematical relationships based on a particular set of data, it might be easier to use a continuous parametric model that is consistent with proportional hazards, like a Weibull distribution , instead. (stackexchange.com)
  • In this commentary we argue that although the availability of open access global terrain data has been critical in enabling the development of such models, the relatively poor resolution and precision of these data now limit significantly our ability to estimate flood inundation and risk for the majority of the planet's surface. (bris.ac.uk)
  • The difficulty of deriving an accurate "bare-earth" terrain model due to the interaction of vegetation and urban structures with the satellite-based remote sensors means that global terrain data are often poorest in the areas where people, property (and thus vulnerability) are most concentrated. (bris.ac.uk)
  • The models are compared against synthetic data which are comparable to time series of environmental variables. (copernicus.org)
  • Following engagement with the Category 1 and 2 emergency responder community as well as other service providers, we have redesigned a selection of our hazard data products, to ensure that the information contained can be effectively communicated to the emergency response and planning community. (bgs.ac.uk)
  • The hazard and resilience modelling team aims to develop new and innovative data products that deliver geoscientific information to a range of users in an accessible form. (bgs.ac.uk)
  • In the second stage, fourteen data layers were used as landslide conditioning factors for Hazard mapping. (ac.ir)
  • and the effect parameters, describing how the hazard varies in response to explanatory covariates. (wikipedia.org)
  • The proportional hazards condition states that covariates are multiplicatively related to the hazard. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite their immediate appeal in terms of flexibility, these models introduce additional difficulties when a subset of covariates and the corresponding modelling alternatives have to be chosen. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Motivated by this application, we propose a twostage stepwise model building strategy to choose both the relevant covariates and the corresponding modelling alternatives within the choice set of possible covariates simultaneously. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • This table displays a series of statistics for the independent model (corresponding to the case where there is no impact of covariates, beta=0) and for the adjusted model. (xlstat.com)
  • We study a weighted least squares (WLS) estimator for Aalen's additive risk model which allows for a very flexible handling of covariates. (fsu.edu)
  • This paper proposes a decision tree model for specifying the importance of 21 factors causing the landslides in a wide area of Penang Island, Malaysia. (projecteuclid.org)
  • This is available to the UK's emergency response and planning communities through the Civil Contingencies Secretariat's ResilienceDirect portal, providing mapped hazard related information associated with landslides, groundwater flooding and soluble rocks (linked with sinkholes). (bgs.ac.uk)
  • This research is strongly motivated by recent rock/ice avalanche events, such as the rock avalanche and debris flow that occurred at Piz Cengalo, Switzerland, in 2017, the ice avalanche destroying the base camp at Mount Everest and the Aru-Co glacier collapse in Tibet where extensive modelling work has been performed by the project staff. (wsl.ch)
  • The price was recently reduced on this vehicle and is about $1,700 less than the average price for a 2017 Dodge Grand Caravan in the Hazard area. (autoblog.com)
  • However, the possibility of choosing various parameterizations for the coefficients and calibrating these parameters to any set of CDS spreads and/or implied volatilities makes them very versatile modeling tools, well suited to price and hedge derivatives consistently with plain-vanilla instruments. (hindawi.com)
  • We employed two model-reduction techniques to find a subset of UCERF3-TD parameters that must vary and fixed baseline values for the remainder such that the reduced model produces approximately the same distribution of loss that the full model does. (scec.org)
  • In contrast, the controls on the Compare tab of the analysis parameters dialog are designed to compare two models specified by the user (two competing models). (graphpad.com)
  • where k is the number of model parameters. (graphpad.com)
  • Adding parameters to a model (very nearly) always increases the partial log-likelihood of the model. (graphpad.com)
  • This may affect the background mortality rate allocated to each patient , and it has been shown that not including relevant information for assigning an expected mortality rate to each patient induces a bias in the estimation of the regression parameters of the excess hazard model . (bvsalud.org)
  • This generated spectrum is called the uniform hazard spectrum (UHS) because every ordinate has an equal exceeding probability. (hindawi.com)
  • This presentation will walk through the hazard, vulnerability, exposure and financial building blocks of catastrophe models, illustrating how the expertise of geoscientists is leveraged. (cam.ac.uk)
  • It includes inundation modelling due to sea level rise and storm waves, shoreline change detection and monitoring, damage and loss, and tools to identify marine hazards exposure. (pina.com.fj)
  • In the simplest case of stationary coefficients, for example, a treatment with a drug may, say, halve a subject's hazard at any given time t {\displaystyle t} , while the baseline hazard may vary. (wikipedia.org)
  • Note that between subjects, the baseline hazard λ 0 ( t ) {\displaystyle \lambda _{0}(t)} is identical (has no dependency on i). (wikipedia.org)
  • Decision tree models are used for prediction, classification, and factors importance and are usually represented by an easy to interpret tree like structure. (projecteuclid.org)
  • This Special Issue would like to invite scholars to share recently-developed advances in sensors and intelligent techniques for natural hazard modeling, prediction, and management, with emphasis on the problems addressed by advanced geospatial artificial intelligence. (mdpi.com)
  • This vehicle is priced within 4% of the average price for a 2018 Dodge Journey in the Hazard area. (autoblog.com)
  • This vehicle is about $1,300 less than the average price for a 2018 Dodge Journey for sale in the Hazard area. (autoblog.com)
  • Here, a combination of rainfall intensity thresholds and debris flow modeling: (1) provides new insights into the likelihood of debris flows and (2) advance our understanding of debris flow volume estimates. (stantec.com)
  • This may violate the non-informative censoring assumption of the model and may produce biased effect estimates. (cdc.gov)
  • Models utilizing the predicted vital status produce effect estimates consistently stronger and closer to the true treatment effect than estimates produced by models using the initial treatment outcome. (cdc.gov)
  • Conclusions: Although studies often use initial treatment outcomes to estimate treatment effects, this may violate the non-informative censoring assumption of the Cox proportional hazards model and result in biased treatment effect estimates. (cdc.gov)
  • Insurance can play a pivotal role in the resilience of communities to natural hazards and their ability to recover from catastrophic events. (cam.ac.uk)
  • However the insurance industry is not a bottomless pit of finance and only 24 years ago, major natural hazards resulted in the insolvency of many large insurance companies. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Prof. Dr. Biswajeet Pradhan is an internationally established scientist in the field of Geospatial Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing and image processing, complex modelling/geo-computing, machine learning and soft-computing applications, natural hazards and environmental modelling and remote sensing of Earth observation. (tenlong.com.tw)
  • In recent years, the dealing with natural hazards in Switzerland has shifted away from being hazard-oriented towards a risk-based approach. (copernicus.org)
  • Natural Hazards, 60 (2),381-408. (bvsalud.org)
  • The valuation and hedging of defaultable game options is studied in a hazard process model of credit risk. (hindawi.com)
  • The goal of this work is to analyze valuation and hedging of defaultable contracts with game option features within a hazard process model of credit risk. (hindawi.com)
  • In [ 3 ], we dealt with a general market model, which was assumed to be arbitrage-free, but not necessarily complete, so that the uniqueness of a risk-neutral (or martingale ) measure was not postulated. (hindawi.com)
  • It should be acknowledged that structural models, with their sound economic background, are better suited for inference of reliable debt information, such as: risk-neutral default probabilities or the present value of the firm's debt, from the equities, which are the most liquid among all financial instruments. (hindawi.com)
  • In the aftermath of Hurricane Andrew, the way in which the insurance industry estimated property risk changed, with the implementation of increasingly sophisticated catastrophe models. (cam.ac.uk)
  • At each event time, the hazard is determined from the case that had the event versus all the other cases at risk at that time. (stackexchange.com)
  • This paper presents a conceptual approach of such an evaluation model using perception affecting factors PAF , evaluation criteria EC and several factors without any immediate relation to the risk itself, but to the evaluating person. (copernicus.org)
  • On the contrary, the fish plasma model and reported levels in the environment indicate low risk. (janusinfo.se)
  • Sir David Cox observed that if the proportional hazards assumption holds (or, is assumed to hold) then it is possible to estimate the effect parameter(s), denoted β i {\displaystyle \beta _{i}} below, without any consideration of the full hazard function. (wikipedia.org)
  • The parameter estimate, corresponding standard deviation, Wald's Chi 2 , the corresponding p-value and the confidence interval are displayed for each variable of the model. (xlstat.com)
  • We find which models are more appropriate to estimate relations between hazards in a range of cases. (copernicus.org)
  • ATSDR planned to extensively use water-distribution system models to estimate historical contaminant concentrations in the systems. (cdc.gov)
  • In this article, ground-motion models (GMMs) for subduction earthquakes recently developed as part of the Next Generation Attenuation-Subduction (NGA-Sub) project are compared. (usgs.gov)
  • The accelerated failure time model describes a situation where the biological or mechanical life history of an event is accelerated (or decelerated). (wikipedia.org)
  • To maintain accurate documentation of the electrical system, the most common documentation methods are: The advantage of a CAD-based model is that mechanical, electrical and proc. (plantengineering.com)
  • The advantage of a CAD-based model is that mechanical, electrical and process control systems can be documented in a single consistent program. (plantengineering.com)
  • The mechanical disc brake calipers located on the front and rear of the e-bike can fail resulting in loss of control, posing crash and injury hazards to the rider. (cpsc.gov)
  • CPSC is committed to protecting consumers and families from products that pose a fire, electrical, chemical or mechanical hazard. (prnewswire.com)
  • The numerical models give insights on the areas that are potentially exposed to rock/ice damage, but also to the subsequent debris flow. (wsl.ch)
  • X_{i})&=\lambda _{0}(t)\exp(\beta _{1}X_{i1}+\cdots +\beta _{p}X_{ip})\\&=\lambda _{0}(t)\exp(X_{i}\cdot \beta )\end{aligned}}} This expression gives the hazard function at time t for subject i with covariate vector (explanatory variables) Xi. (wikipedia.org)
  • In conclusion, we propose that this structural link between limited liability and moral hazard is an important explanatory factor of the recent financial crisis and a seemingly intractable characteristic of modern corporate capitalism. (ssrn.com)
  • Twenty-one factors were extracted using digital elevation models (DEMs) and then used as input variables for the models. (projecteuclid.org)
  • Global flood hazard models have recently become a reality thanks to the release of open access global digital elevation models, the development of simplified and highly efficient flow algorithms, and the steady increase in computational power. (bris.ac.uk)
  • There is therefore a pressing need for a newgeneration of high resolution and high vertical precision open access global digital elevation models to allow significantly improved global flood hazard models to be developed. (bris.ac.uk)
  • Model year 2021 and some specific serial numbers for model year 2022 Ski-Doo models equipped with 600 EFI engines. (ski-doo.com)
  • This paper presents an approach that facilitates a semi-automated hazard identification of computer-based systems by a novel application of model checking, a technique traditionally used for automated software verification. (ttu.edu)
  • In addition to having responsibility for volcanoes in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, CVO is host to the USGS' Volcano Disaster Assistance Program, which works with scientists and officials in other countries to aide them in their efforts to mitigate volcanic hazards. (scec.org)
  • Geostatistical modeling plays a pivotal role in this process by quantifying the likelihood of ground shaking at different intensities across a region. (alliedacademies.org)
  • each unit increase in x {\displaystyle x} results in proportional scaling of the hazard. (wikipedia.org)
  • First, we wish to specialize our previous valuation results to the hazard process setup, that is, to a version of the reduced-form approach, which is slightly more general than the intensity-based setup. (hindawi.com)
  • Because of this, a lot of what we generally look at as "interpretation" of the results of a single model is actually cleverly disguised comparisons of different competing models. (graphpad.com)
  • For example, the values in the model diagnostics section of the results (AIC, partial log likelihood, negative two times the partial log-likelihood, and pseudo R-squared) are commonly used to compare the specified model to the null model. (graphpad.com)
  • Blanton, an oceanographer who leads RENCI's environmental initiatives team, has worked to model coastal storm surge for the past 15 years. (renci.org)
  • He is currently Series Editor for the GIScience and Geo-environmental Modelling (GGM) book series published by Springer Nature. (tenlong.com.tw)
  • It is also, we argue in this paper, a powerful structural source of moral hazard. (ssrn.com)
  • In the context of contemporary capitalism, limited liability has to be understood, we argue, as a powerful structural source of moral hazard. (ssrn.com)
  • Using a modified Theory of Planned Behavior to examine adolescents' workplace safety and health knowledge, perceptions, and behavioral intention: a structural equation modeling approach. (cdc.gov)
  • 83. The findings from the structural equation models demonstrate that all paths, except pre- to post-test behavioral intention, are statistically significant. (cdc.gov)
  • The handle on the Vergo belay device can loosen and cause the device's assisted braking capacity to malfunction, posing fall and injury hazards to climbers. (cpsc.gov)
  • We have also designed some quick reference hazard information sheets which are freely available on the Geohazard quick reference information sheets page. (bgs.ac.uk)
  • SPC's modelling capacity in relation to coastal environments is among the world's best. (pina.com.fj)
  • This study explores the application of viscoelastic modeling for characterization of the response of the brain to impulsive loading with the objective of learning whether such models could exhibit the same time dependency of strain or likelihood of injury, as exhibited by the Severity Index, HIC Index, Wayne Tolerance Curve, and other similar representations of tolerance. (sae.org)
  • An explicit specification of the default time will be an important component of the model considered in this work. (hindawi.com)
  • In the latter approach, also known as the hazard process approach, the default time is modeled as an exogenous random variable with no reference to any particular economic background. (hindawi.com)
  • With the finalisation of this platform by the Pacific Community under TCAP, Tuvalu now has a world-class, comprehensive coastal hazards platform which can provide information on shoreline change over time, the changing relationship between sea level and land elevation across every island, and potential storm wave inundation patterns," said Alan Resture, TCAP Project Manager. (pina.com.fj)
  • Furthermore, the current generation of open access global terrain models are over a decade old and many large floodplains, particularly those in developing countries, have undergone significant change in this time. (bris.ac.uk)
  • Engaging in a double conceptual genealogy, we investigate how the concepts of moral hazard and limited liability were created and diffused over time. (ssrn.com)
  • Having an accurate one-line diagram and system model saves time and money and improves safety by eliminating the need for a site survey. (plantengineering.com)
  • Most existing hazard identification techniques require laborious and time-consuming analysis that often either ignores detailed software properties or does not specifically address software-related hazards. (ttu.edu)
  • This paper develops a split population duration model of the decision to start smoking. (who.int)
  • The paper provides an overview of lightning hazards in blasting oper. (cdc.gov)