1989. Sequential changes in the Harderian and exorbital lacrimal glands in Wistar rats infected with sialodacryoadenitis virus. (nih.gov)
This study established a low incidence hydronephrosis Wistar rat (Mlac:WR) colony at the National Laboratory Animal Center, Mahidol University, Thailand. (mahidol.ac.th)
Inhalation exposure1
In other studies in rats, inhalation exposure of rats to 1,3-butadiene at concentrations of 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 (2212, 4425, 8850 and 17701 mg/m 3 ) for 13 weeks produced no treatment-related effects except moderately increased salivation. (europa.eu)
Postmenopausal Women7
Zoledronic acid injection is indicated for treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. (nih.gov)
In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, diagnosed by bone mineral density (BMD) or prevalent vertebral fracture, zoledronic acid injection reduces the incidence of fractures (hip, vertebral and non-vertebral osteoporosis-related fractures). (nih.gov)
FOSAMAX is indicated for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. (merck.com)
Prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: 5 mg daily or 35 mg once weekly. (nih.gov)
or 10 mg daily in postmenopausal women not receiving estrogen. (nih.gov)
Alendronate sodium tablets, USP are indicated for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. (nih.gov)
In postmenopausal women, alendronate sodium tablets, USP increases bone mass and reduces the incidence of fractures, including those of the hip and spine (vertebral compression fractures). (nih.gov)
NOAEC4
The NOAEC for repeat dose toxicity is therefore 1000 ppm (2212 mg/m3) as defined by rat studies. (europa.eu)
In this study the NOAEC for 1,3-butadiene in the rat was 8,000 ppm (17,701 mg/m 3 ) (Crouch et al 1979). (europa.eu)
In chronic drinking water studies in rats local effects in the forestomach and stomach were induced, the NOAEC is 0.020-0.026% formaldehyde in drinking water. (europa.eu)
The NOAEC for systemic effects not occurring at the site of first contact in long-term inhalation studies in rats and mice is 15 ppm. (europa.eu)
Species3
The mouse is the most sensitive species where the target organs are bone marrow, ovary and testis a NOAEL for repeat dose toxicity in the chronic studies has not been established due to neoplasia-related toxicity. (europa.eu)
Species differences in metabolism are believed to be responsible for the species-specific toxicity with humans being more similar to rats. (europa.eu)
The rat was selected for this study because it is a preferred species for reproductive toxicity testing as recommended by regulatory guidelines. (europa.eu)
Chronic study3
Lacrimal gland - Normal in a male B6C3F1 mouse from a chronic study. (nih.gov)
Lacrimal gland - Karyomegaly in a male Osborne-Mendel rat from a chronic study. (nih.gov)
No adverse effects were observed in a 2-year chronic study in rats administered 15 or 150 mg/kg/day by gavage. (europa.eu)
Initiation1
Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Magnetic Field Promotion (DMBA Initiation) in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats (Whole-Body Exposure/Gavage Studies). (nih.gov)
Adverse effects1
The only animal data, from an acute intraperitoneal study in mice, did not reveal any adverse effects of benzidine on sperm morphology. (cdc.gov)
Morphology1
Gender-related differences in morphology of the lacrimal gland. (nih.gov)
Carcinogenicity1
The most comprehensive information in the rat is available from a carcinogenicity study (Owen et al, 1987). (europa.eu)
Boorman GA1
In: Pathology of the Mouse: Reference and Atlas (Maronpot RR, Boorman GA, Gaul BW, eds). (nih.gov)
Concentrations2
Rats, guinea pigs, rabbits and dogs were exposed to 1,3-butadiene at concentrations of 600, 2300, and 6700 ppm (1327, 5089 and 14824 mg/m 3 ), 7.5h/day, 6 days/week for 8 months. (europa.eu)
After week 52, the concentrations were kept constant, because of the considerable decrease in liquid consumption in the top-dose rats due to their rejection of the test solution. (europa.eu)
Male and fe3
In this key study, male and female rats were exposed to 1,3-butadiene at 0, 1000, or 8000 ppm (2212 and 17701 mg/m 3 ), 5 days/week, for up to 2 years. (europa.eu)
Final mean body weights (relative to those of the vehicle controls) were depressed 14%-22% for male and female rats that received 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg benzene. (europa.eu)
A dose-related leukopenia was observed for both male and female rats. (europa.eu)
Exposure3
It has low toxicity in the rat, with minimal effects seen after exposure to 8000 ppm (17,701 mg/m3) for 2 years. (europa.eu)
In the rat, exposure to 1,3-butadiene results in low toxicity. (europa.eu)
CFC-12 was tested by inhalation on Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss Mice using whole body exposure. (europa.eu)
Study2
Female CBA/J mice and HEI-OC1 cells were used in this study. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on these composite observations, the doses were selected for rats for the 2-year study. (europa.eu)
Weights1
There were no effects other than minor increases in liver and kidney weights in male rats. (europa.eu)
Polycarbonate2
females (without evidence of copulation, postmating): housed individually in polycarbonate pans. (europa.eu)
females (lactation period): housed with their litters in polycarbonate pans with bedding. (europa.eu)
females (cohabitation period): housed as breeding pairs in stainless steel, wire-mesh cages suspended above cageboards. (europa.eu)
Incidence4
This very common change occurs in rats and mice (with rats more frequently affected) and tends to increase in incidence and severity with age. (nih.gov)
Karyomegaly in the lacrimal gland should be diagnosed only if there are treatment-related differences in incidence and/or severity. (nih.gov)
Previously, a low incidence of mild hydronephrosis was observed mostly in male mice and found only on the right kidney. (mahidol.ac.th)
After inbreeding for 20 generations, a surprisingly high incidence of hydronephrosis was encountered and we finally obtained a strain of mice with a very high incidence of severe hydronephrosis affected on both sides of kidney and in both sexes as the process of inbreeding has been increased. (mahidol.ac.th)
Males2
The NOAEL for systemic effects is 82 mg/kg bw/day in males and 109 mg/kg bw/day in females. (europa.eu)
Age at the start of treatment: males / females: approx. (europa.eu)
Studies2
There is sufficient evidence from laboratory studies to conclude that RF can cause tumors in experimental animals with strong findings for gliomas, heart Schwannomas and adrenal pheochomocytomas in male rats and harderian gland tumors in male mice and uterine polyps in female mice. (emraustralia.com.au)
Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Allyl Glycidyl Ether (CAS No. 106-92-3) in Osborne-Mendel Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies). (nih.gov)
Days3
The animals were exposed by inhalation, 4 hours daily, 5 days weekly, for 104 weeks (rats: Exp. (europa.eu)
Lymphoid depletion in the B-cell of the spleen was observed in 3/5 male and 4/5 female rats that received 200 mg/kg benzene and 5/5 male and 5/5 female rats that received 600 mg/kg benzene for 60 days and in 10/10 male and 10/10 female rats that received 600 mg/kg for 120 days. (europa.eu)
Increased extramedullary haematopoeisis was observed in the spleen of 4/5 male and 315 female rats that received 600 mg/kg for 120 days. (europa.eu)
Sensitive1
Rats are more sensitive than mice or hamsters. (europa.eu)
Drinking-water1
The test substance was administered to the rats in the drinking-water (tap-water), to provide target intake levels of 5, 25 and 125 mg test substance/kg body weight/day. (europa.eu)
Vehicle1
volume of test substance or vehicle given to each rat was based on the most recently recorded body weight. (europa.eu)
Figure1
Normal lacrimal gland for comparison to Figure 3 and Figure 4. (nih.gov)