Haploid cells germ cell differentiation occurs differentiation of cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

At the equator of the cell, bivalent chromosomes connect to the spindles and realign. (themagazinenews.com)
Defects in the chromosomes occur, and they reunite, swapping some genes. (themagazinenews.com)
During meiosis, a zygote will have twenty-three chromosomes, but cell differentiation implies that each gamete will have one of many distinct ideas are based. (themagazinenews.com)
Genetic recombination occurs when the chromosomes pair throughout meiotic prophase and the chromosomes pass over, resulting in genetic variety. (themagazinenews.com)
Recombination and separation of homologous chromosomes occurs in pachytene spermatocytes during meiosis I and results in the formation of secondary spermatocytes. (jci.org)
When we talk about human cells we have 46 chromosomes, with the exception of gametes. (cassiopaea-cult.com)
Which in turn will separate into two cells each with 23 chromosomes, which are the haploid spermatids. (cassiopaea-cult.com)
Fertilization is a sequence of events that begins with the contact of a sperm (spermatozoon) with a secondary oocyte (ovum) and ends with the fusion of their pronuclei (the haploid nuclei in the sperm and ovum) and the mingling of their chromosomes to create a new cell. (e-vocable.com)
That means a sex cell would have half the number of chromosomes as that of a somatic cell. (biologyonline.com)
Hence, an egg cell or a sperm cell would have 23 chromosomes whereas a somatic cell would have 46. (biologyonline.com)
Secondary spermatocytes are haploid (N) cells that contain half the number of chromosomes. (iiab.me)
sexual production involves two gametes both contributing half set of chromosomes (haploid), resulting in the formation of diploid. (superbgrade.com)
Genes are contained in chromosomes in the cell nucleus and mitochondria. (msdmanuals.com)
In humans, somatic (nongerm) cell nuclei normally have 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs. (msdmanuals.com)
A karyotype illustrates the full set of chromosomes in a person's cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Germ cells (egg and sperm) divide through meiosis, which reduces the number of chromosomes to 23-half the number in somatic cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Some genes occur in multiple copies that may be next to each other or in different locations in the same or different chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the cell's genetic material, contained in chromosomes within the cell nucleus and mitochondria. (msdmanuals.com)
Except for certain cells (for example, sperm and egg cells and red blood cells), the cell nucleus contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
Cell division in corn growing points including the division of the nuclei by mitosis, in which each of the paired chromosomes are duplicated, resulting in the same genetic codes for each cell. (cornjournal.com)
As a result, each of these cells with 2 sets of the 10 chromosomes (diploid) before meiosis now contain 4 microspores, each with only 1 set of the 10 chromosomes (monoploid). (cornjournal.com)
Unique for its role in human reproduction, a gamete is a specialized sex cell carrying 23 chromosomes-one half the number in body cells. (bccampus.ca)
Cytokinesis forms two daughter cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes. (sciencing.com)
Chromosomes in the two daughter cells line up in the middle of the cell once again. (sciencing.com)

It starts from spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in the seminiferous tubules with gradual differentiation toward spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa (1). (ijfs.ir)
At the completion of meiosis, four haploid gametes, termed round spermatids, result from the division of every spermatocyte. (jci.org)
Secondary spermatocytes will divide into two spermatids that are haploid. (cassiopaea-cult.com)
In Caenorhabditis elegans , this process is called sperm activation, and it transforms immotile spermatids into migratory fertilization-competent cells. (silverchair.com)
The process of spermatogenesis as the cells progress from spermatogium, to primary spermatocytes, to secondary spermatocytes, to spermatids and to Sperm. (iiab.me)
The release of FSH into the testes will enhance spermatogenesis and lead to the development of sertoli cells , which act as nursing cells where spermatids will go to mature after Meiosis II. (iiab.me)
The developing germ cells in the post-meiotic phase are further subdivided into early spermatids with round nuclei, intermediate spermatids with elongated nuclei, and spermatids with condensed nuclei [ 13 ]. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Spermatogenesis was not disrupted in Zdhhc19 knockout mice, in which properly developed TRA98+ germ cells, SYCP3+ spermatocytes, and TNP1+ spermatids/spermatozoa were detected in seminiferous tubules. (bvsalud.org)

A germ cell is any cell that gives rise to the gametes of an organism that reproduces sexually. (wikipedia.org)
There, they undergo meiosis, followed by cellular differentiation into mature gametes, either eggs or sperm. (wikipedia.org)
Germ cells produce gametes and are the only cells that can undergo meiosis as well as mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
Spermatogenesis is a vital developmental phenomenon in which the production of haploid male gametes from diploid spermatogonia occurs in mammalian testes. (ijfs.ir)
Some fungi are haploid for the majority of their life and only become diploid to create gametes. (themagazinenews.com)
These cells have the potential to become gametes but have not yet committed to the process. (jci.org)
Its definition is based on the process by which spermatozoa are created, which are male gametes, male sex cells . (cassiopaea-cult.com)
When we talk about meiosis, it corresponds to a cell division where gametes with a haploid chromosome endowment are formed. (cassiopaea-cult.com)
Human creation begins following your union of male and female gametes or perhaps germ skin cells during a method known as feeding (conception). (e-vocable.com)
Cytokinesis splits the cells, membranes form and four haploid gametes - sperm, eggs or spores - result from meiosis. (sciencing.com)

To date, these protein complexes are known for their essential functions in nuclear migration, anchoring and positioning of the nucleus, and even for chromosome movements and the maintenance of cell polarity and nuclear shape. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
The cells that are involved in spermatogenesis initiate the process from a diploid chromosome set. (cassiopaea-cult.com)
In the following table, ploidy, copy number and chromosome/chromatid counts listed are for a single cell, generally prior to DNA synthesis and division (in G 1 if applicable). (iiab.me)
The human Y chromosome is a haploid male-specific chromosome. (biomedcentral.com)
the smaller Y chromosome carries genes that initiate male sex differentiation, as well as a few other genes. (msdmanuals.com)
LncRNAs fulfill important functions in a variety of biological processes, including genome imprinting, cell differentiation, apoptosis, stem cell pluripotency, X chromosome inactivation and nuclear transport. (bvsalud.org)
Variances also occur also occur when a segments of a chromosome are reversed, misplaced or missing. (sciencing.com)
Klinefelter syndrome occurs when males have an extra X chromosome. (sciencing.com)

The second way is found in mammals, where germ cells are not specified by such determinants but by signals controlled by zygotic genes. (wikipedia.org)
Cells become cancerous by accumulating, stepwise, a series of several mutations that alter the function of genes important for cell growth. (agemed.org)
This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
Second, networks of genes and hormones regulate the advancement of sex determination and gonad differentiation, known as the gonadal sex phase. (lidsen.com)
Among the top ten genes preferentially enriched in these cells, Foxc2 was the only one to code for a protein exclusively present in the nucleus of uSPGs that also expressed ZBTB16, a protein important for SSCs to self-renew. (elifesciences.org)
This finding is consistent with the fact that many FOXC2-regulated genes are involved in cell cycle arrest. (elifesciences.org)
Specifically, YTHDC2 deficiency causes microtubule-dependent telomere clustering and apoptosis at the pachytene stage of prophase I. Depletion of YTHDC2 results in a massively dysregulated transcriptome in pachytene cells, with a tendency toward upregulation of genes normally expressed in mitotic germ cells and downregulation of meiotic transcripts. (bvsalud.org)
Dysregulation does not correlate with m6A status, and YTHDC2-bound mRNAs are enriched in genes upregulated in mutant germ cells, revealing that YTHDC2 primarily targets mRNAs for degradation. (bvsalud.org)
If meiosis did not occur in sexually reproducing organisms, there would be no rearranging of genes before cells division. (sciencing.com)
Of these 19 genes, viable haploid deletion mutants were available for 16 of them, and 12 were found to have a significant impact on CLS. (refine.bio)

Conversely, spermatogenesis (i.e. gametogenesis in males) occurs in the testes to yield sperm cells. (biologyonline.com)
LH promotes leydig cell secretion of testosterone into the testes and blood, which induce spermatogenesis and aid the formation of secondary sex characteristics. (iiab.me)
Transplantation experiments have revealed that most cells which can perform the hallmark feature of SSCs (that is, re-establishing full spermatogenesis in testes lacking germ cells) are found within the single uSPG population, but may also be present among paired and aligned progenitors ( Kubota and Brinster, 2018 ). (elifesciences.org)
transplanted a population of uSPGs enriched in these cells into the testes of mice treated with busulfan, a toxic compound that kills endogenous germ cells. (elifesciences.org)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) stimulate the interstitial cells that are found in the testes to produce testosterone hormones. (superbgrade.com)
As high throughput sequencing technology develops, a substantial number of lncRNAs have been found to be related to a variety of biological processes, such as development of the testes, maintaining the self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells, and regulating spermatocyte meiosis. (bvsalud.org)
This location is important in sperm production, which occurs within the testes, and proceeds more efficiently when the testes are kept 2 to 4°C below core body temperature. (bccampus.ca)
The evidence that the culture of testicular fragments of 6.5-day-old mouse testes does not allow optimal differentiation of steroidogenic cells is compelling and should enable further optimizations in the future. (elifesciences.org)

TESE samples were taken after obtaining written informed consent from two non-obstructive azoospermic patients (with the ages of 27 and 36 years) who had rare immotile spermatozoa in testicular biopsies with complete spermatogenic arrest, unremarkable spermatogonia, normal Leydig cells, and normal serum hormones. (ijfs.ir)
Early progenitor cells, which are designated A spermatogonia in the mouse and A- dark spermatogonia in humans, are defined as "undifferentiated. (jci.org)
Undifferentiated spermatogonia divide mitotically to both repopulate the testicular stem cell population and provide progenitor cells that undergo spermatogenesis. (jci.org)
Once spermatogonia enter the "differentiation" pathway, they become known as A1 spermatogonia in the mouse and A- pale spermatogonia in humans and begin a series of irreversible differentiation steps leading to meiosis and spermiogenesis ( 1 ) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
C ) Expansion of both the undifferentiated (A spermatogonia) and differentiated (A1 spermatogonia) spermatogonial populations occurs by mitosis of these cell types, regulated in part by FSH. (jci.org)
This is given from the stem cells where the spermatogonia that are type a are founded. (cassiopaea-cult.com)
They derive from immature germ cells called spermatogonia. (iiab.me)
Type Ap are actively-dividing spermatogonial stem cells which begin differentiation to type B spermatogonia, which have round nuclei and heterochromatin attached to the nuclear envelope and the center of nucleolus. (iiab.me)
This involves spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) dividing to form undifferentiated spermatogonia (uSPGs), which then progress through the meiotic and haploid phases of spermatogenesis to form mature sperm ( de Rooij, 1998 ). (elifesciences.org)
The lining of seminiferous epithelium is unique in the complexity of its arrangement which consists of supporting somatic cells, a proliferating population of germ cells that are displaced centripetally from the spermatogonia to the base of spermatozoa in the central compartment. (superbgrade.com)
The spermatogonia cells differentiate through meiosis to form sperm cells. (superbgrade.com)
The Sertoli cells, in turn, promote the formation of spermatogonia, maintenance of muscle tropism, regulation of physical energy, cognitive and acute Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) response to dominance challenge, regulation of the amount of thromboxane A2 receptors that are present on megakaryocytes and platelets. (superbgrade.com)
Recent evidence suggests that children withKlinefelter syndrome are born with spermatogonia and lose large numbers of germ cellsduring puberty. (health-abstracts.com)

The related coactivator complexes SAGA and ATAC control embryonic stem cell self-renewal through acetyltransferase-independent mechanisms. (axonmedchem.com)

Recent studies have demonstrated that it is possible to give rise to primordial germ cells from ESCs. (wikipedia.org)
In mammals, a few cells of the early embryo are induced by signals of neighboring cells to become primordial germ cells. (wikipedia.org)
Specification of primordial germ cells in the laboratory mouse is initiated by high levels of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, which activates expression of the transcription factors Blimp-1/Prdm1 and Prdm14. (wikipedia.org)
However, more mutation rate data will need to be collected across several taxa, particularly data collected both before and after the specification of primordial germ cells before this hypothesis on the evolution of germ plasm can be backed by strong evidence. (wikipedia.org)
Primordial germ cells, germ cells that still have to reach the gonads (also known as PGCs, precursor germ cells or gonocytes) divide repeatedly on their migratory route through the gut and into the developing gonads. (wikipedia.org)
Depending on the species, DAZL is expressed in primordial germ cells (PGCs) and/or pre-meiotic and meiotic germ cells of both sexes. (ijbs.com)

each of the primary spermatocytes that are diploid separates into two haploid secondary spermatocytes. (cassiopaea-cult.com)
Primary spermatocytes are diploid (2N) cells. (iiab.me)
The primary spermatocytes within the adluminal compartment will continue on to Meiosis I and divide into two daughters cells, known as secondary spermatocytes, a process which takes 24 days to complete. (iiab.me)
Although spermatocytes that divide mitotically and meiotically are sensitive to radiation and cancer , spermatogonial stem cells are not. (iiab.me)
Spermatogenesis is a complicated process involving mitotically proliferating spermatogonial cells, meiotically dividing spermatocytes, and spermatid going through maturation into spermatozoa. (bvsalud.org)

B ) Histological cross section through an adult mouse testis depicting seminiferous tubules, the peritubular myoid cells, and the interstitium (space between tubules). (jci.org)
Spermatogenesis is the complex and tightly regulated differentiation process through which haploid spermatozoa are produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testis. (biomedcentral.com)
The processes are localized in two major morphological structures, the vascularized Leydig cells of the interstitium and the vascularized seminiferous tubules. (superbgrade.com)
Seminiferous tubules constitute of at least75 % testicular mass in adult because of continuous cell multiplication. (superbgrade.com)

Somatic cells are all the other cells that form the building blocks of the body and they only divide by mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
This through certain mechanisms such as mitosis and meiosis that occur in the testicles. (cassiopaea-cult.com)
Also known as diploids, which through mitosis, cell division, gives way to others of this type. (cassiopaea-cult.com)
these cells are reserve spermatogonial stem cells that do not usually undergo mitosis. (iiab.me)
When a single uSPG divides, it can sometimes produce paired daughter cells that remain connected after mitosis. (elifesciences.org)
The 3rd statement of cell theory had to wait until late in the century, when Louis Pasteur disproved notions of spontaneous generation, and German histologists observed mitosis and meiosis, the underlying events of cell division in eukaryotes: Cells come from pre-existing cells (i.e., they reproduce). (eduhyme.com)
Therefore, understanding the molecular changes that specify the archesporial cells, the progenitors of meiotic cells, is crucial in defining the network of cellular processes leading to a successful switch from mitosis to meiosis. (biomedcentral.com)

Mammalian eggs are somewhat symmetrical and after the first divisions of the fertilized egg, the produced cells are all totipotent. (wikipedia.org)
In the last four decades, transgenic and knockout mouse models have helped to understand the mechanisms of mammalian sex determination, germ cell development, and adult gonad functions. (lidsen.com)

cells or their nuclei) lacking in any arrangement, i.e., these globules do not reveal any resemblance with the form or structure of the future embryo. (biologydiscussion.com)
The other sperm nucleus enters the central cell, fusing with its two monoploid nuclei forming a triploid endosperm. (cornjournal.com)
The ovule diploid cell undergoes meiosis, initially producing 4 monoploid nuclei but three degenerate, leaving a megaspore cell with one monoploid (haploid) cell. (cornjournal.com)
The nucleus of the megaspore cell undergoes three successive mitotic divisions resulting in 8 nuclei and a total of 7 cells. (cornjournal.com)
Most important of these is the egg cell with a single monoploid nucleus and a large central cell with 2 monoploid nuclei. (cornjournal.com)

Multicellular eukaryotes are made of two fundamental cell types: germ and somatic. (wikipedia.org)
The first two precepts of Cell Theory were enunciated near the middle of the 19th century, after many observations of plant and animal cells revealed common structural features (e.g., a nucleus, a wall or boundary, a common organization of cells into groups to form multicellular structures of plants and animals and even lower life forms). (eduhyme.com)
In multicellular organism also, new individual develop from a single cell. (studyinnovations.com)
During embryonic development, haploid germ cells form in multicellular organisms. (sciencing.com)

In the model organism Drosophila, pole cells passively move from the posterior end of the embryo to the posterior midgut because of the infolding of the blastoderm. (wikipedia.org)
Embryo: the expanding organism through the time of feeding until significant differentiation has occurred, if the organism turns into known as a baby. (e-vocable.com)
The introduction of a human being starts with fertilization, a process in which two highly specialized skin cells, the spermatozoon from the male and the oocyte from the female, unite to offer rise to a new organism, the zygote. (e-vocable.com)
Embryo: The developing person between the union of the germ cells plus the completion of the organs which characterize the body because it becomes a distinct organism. (e-vocable.com)
Internal signals producing apoptosis depend on interactions of several proteins and may serve to protect the organism from cancer by killing cells that have pre-cancerous changes. (agemed.org)
In hermaphrodites, reproductive organs from both the sexes are present within the same organism whereas in case of parthenogenesis, single haploid organism will produce new organism without being fertilized. (iitianacademy.com)
An organism whose cell contains a membrane bound distinct nucleus along with other specialized organelles enclosed in membranes. (eduhyme.com)
Even the growth and development of every living organism depends on the growth and multiplication of its cells. (studyinnovations.com)

Mutation rate data is available that indicates a higher rate of germ line mutations in mice and humans, species which undergo induction, than in C. elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, species which undergo inheritance. (wikipedia.org)
As a major part of differentiation, sperm undergo extensive post-meiotic maturation en route to the oocyte. (silverchair.com)
Cancer A clonal growth (cells all descended from one ancestral cell) that undergo continuing mitotic divisions and are not inhibited in their growth when they come in contact with neighboring cells (contact inhibition). (agemed.org)
Female germ cells undergo meiosis in the fetus and produce a large - but finite - supply of oocytes that will remain in follicles of ovaries unless stimulated by menstrual hormones. (sciencing.com)

GBM originate from poorly differentiated glial cells and have the characteristics of nuclear atypia, cellular polymorphism, and a high degree of mitotic activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Fig : Different stages of cell cycle (Mitotic cycle). (studyinnovations.com)
Ameiotic1 ( Am1 ) encodes a plant-specific nuclear protein (AM1) required for meiotic entry and progression through early prophase I. Pollen mother cells (PMCs) remain mitotic in most am1 mutants including am1-489 , while am1-praI permits meiotic entry but PMCs arrest at the leptotene/zygotene (L/Z) transition, defining the roles of AM1 protein in two distinct steps of meiosis. (biomedcentral.com)
It is presently unclear how L2-d cells are programmed to be pre-meiotic within anthers or how this identity is retained during the mitotic divisions prior to PMC maturation. (biomedcentral.com)

Spermatogenesis is a unique process in male gender to produce male haploid germ cells from diploid progenitor cells. (jri.ir)

Meiosis, a specialized kind of cell growth that divides a diploid cell generating four haploid cells, is required for the haploid germ line. (themagazinenews.com)
At fertilization, the sperm cell and the egg cell unite to form a diploid cell (called zygote). (biologyonline.com)

The lineage of germ cells is called the germline. (wikipedia.org)
During spermatogenesis, the process in which sperm for fertilization are produced from germline cells, gene expression is spatiotemporally highly regulated. (bvsalud.org)
Transgenic frogs that express the enzyme in the germline can be bred with animals harboring a transposon substrate to generate double transgenic lines where remobilization will occur in the germline in subsequent generations. (biomedcentral.com)
Pediatric cancer treatments such as chemotherapy have recognized toxicity on germline stem cells, which could lead to infertility at adulthood ( 1 , 2 ). (elifesciences.org)

Spermiogenesis describes the differentiation of haploid germ cells into motile, fertilization-competent spermatozoa. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
This tremendous shape change requires the transduction of cytoskeletal forces Spermiogenesis describes the differentiation of haploid germ cells into motile, fertilization-competent spermatozoa. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Where the spermatozoa begin to be produced starting from the germ cells that are primordial to the male. (cassiopaea-cult.com)
Spermatogenesis, which is the complex and highly regulated process of producing haploid spermatozoa, involves testis-specific transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
Spermatozoa, one of the two most pivotal cells of biological existence, are responsible for mediating the transfer of genetic information to subsequent generations. (basicmedicalkey.com)
The organotypic culture procedure, which preserves testicular tissue architecture, microenvironment and cell interactions, has been used successfully to obtain spermatozoa from fresh or frozen/thawed mouse prepubertal testicular tissues ( 3 - 6 ). (elifesciences.org)

Under special conditions in vitro germ cells can acquire properties similar to those of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (wikipedia.org)
As of 2004, several studies have shown that embryonic stem cells may restore the spermatogenesis and functional sperms in mouse and human, known as in vitro gametogenesis (IVG) (2-4). (ijfs.ir)
Moreover, in parallel, several groups have demonstrated the pluripotency of germ-line stem cells (GSCs) following SSCs culture in rodents, though, there is a debate about pluripotency of GSCs in primates and humans (5). (ijfs.ir)
What is an Embryo in Wanting Stem Cell Research? (e-vocable.com)
A pluripotent stem cell is a cell capable of giving rise to various precursors that eventually will acquire specific identity and physiological function via a process called differentiation . (biologyonline.com)
They turned blood cells into "induced pluripotent stem cells" (iPS). (biologyonline.com)
3) We are defining the properties of cancer stem cells that initiate and sustain the unique disease features of acute leukemias through the use of various adoptive animal models. (stanford.edu)
We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
New evidence in mice suggests that cells expressing the transcription factor FOXC2 may form a reservoir of quiescent stem cells that contributes to sperm formation. (elifesciences.org)
Skeletal muscle growth and regeneration involves the activity of resident adult stem cells, namely satellite cells (SC). (sdbonline.org)
Efficient generation of embryonic stem cells from single blastomeres of cryopreserved mouse embryos in the presence of signalling modulators. (axonmedchem.com)
Chemical conversion of human conventional Pluripotent Stem Cells to Trophoblast Stem Cells. (axonmedchem.com)
Revealing cell populations catching the early stages of the human embryo development in naïve pluripotent stem cells. (axonmedchem.com)
GCNA is a histone binding protein required for spermatogonial stem cell maintenance. (axonmedchem.com)

In this study LINC complexes were investigated with regard to their potential role in sperm head formation, in order to gain further insight into the processes occurring during spermiogenesis. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
and the unique differentiation of haploid cells (spermiogenesis) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
The essential hallmark of spermiogenesis is the replacement of nuclear somatic-cell like histones by small basic proteins known as protamines. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Dazl can regulate the expression, transport and localization of target mRNAs of proteins which control the differentiation, growth and maturation of germ cells. (ijbs.com)

In these cell stages, it specifically localized to the posterior NE at regions decorated by the manchette, a spermatid-specific structure which was previously shown to be involved in nuclear shaping. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Spermatogenesis is a specialized process of differentiation of haploid round spermatid cells to the highly specialized sperm cell, the spermatozoon. (jri.ir)

In brevity, the oogonium (the female primordial germ cell) undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid egg cells. (biologyonline.com)

Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)
We analyzed the main karyologic changes that have geographic expansion may contribute to understanding the occurred during the dispersal of Triatoma infestans , the basic process by which some species of Triatominae main vector of Chagas disease. (cdc.gov)
However, in male species spermatogenesis occurs at puberty due to the interactions of the Leydig cells, hypothalamus, and the pituitary glands. (superbgrade.com)
He forwarded the germ layer theory which states that "various structures of the body arise from the same germ layers in different species of animals" . (biologydiscussion.com)
DAZ family proteins are found almost exclusively in germ cells in distant animal species. (ijbs.com)
Cell damage was assessed using MTT assays, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate and flow cytometry were used to detect the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential respectively. (sdbonline.org)
[6] Approximately 5% of red algae species occur in freshwater environments, with greater concentrations found in warmer areas. (wikipedia.org)
Cell division is central to life of all cell and is essential for the perpetuation of the species. (studyinnovations.com)

These elements include somatic cells (such as Leydig cells, myoid cells, and Sertoli cells), extracellular matrix (ECM) components (including laminin, collagen type IV and collagen type I), as well as growth factors and hormones [including bFGF, glial cell-derived nerve factor, glial cellderived nerve factor (GDNF), and testosterone] that are capable of forming a complex microenvironment where spermatogenesis occurs (6). (ijfs.ir)
The process of spermatogenesis occurs when the man reaches his sexual maturity, this specifically in the stage of puberty. (cassiopaea-cult.com)

There are two mechanisms to establish the germ cell lineage in the embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Since the germ cell lineage is not established right away by induction, there is a higher chance for mutation to occur before the cells are specified. (wikipedia.org)
Such a review cannot be comprehensive due to space constraints and I focused on the commitment of the female cell lineage and avoided discussing the male cell lineage. (lidsen.com)
More specifically, the lineage-tracing experiments showed that FOXC2-producing uSPGs could produce paired uSPGs that would then either divide to form two single uSPGs (including some that retained Foxc2 expression), or form chains of aligned uSPGs containing at most one FOXC2-producing cell ( Figure 1A ). (elifesciences.org)
In Drosophila with depleted RACK1 in all muscle cells or, specifically, in SC lineage resulted in a delayed recovery of skeletal muscle after physical damage as well as the low presence of active SC in the wound area. (sdbonline.org)

this is due to higher rates of degeneration of germ cells during meiotic prophase. (iiab.me)

Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)
We also profiled lncRNA and mRNA expression in three mouse male germ cell-related cell lines (F9, GC-1 and GC-2). (biomedcentral.com)
The localization of DAZ family proteins suggests that they can regulate mRNA translation occurring in the cytoplasm. (ijbs.com)
Throughout these changes in distribution, in situ DmFKBP12 mRNA monitoring detected equal distribution of DmFKBP12 mRNA, once again indicating that regulation of DmFKBP12 occurs at the translational level in Drosophila development. (biomedcentral.com)

8) indicates that tissue engineering might be helpful for the transplantation of germ cells by improving the cellular environment using scaffolds to enhance graft outcomes for prepubertal boys exposed to gonadotoxic treatments. (ijfs.ir)
Alternate forms of the PolII transcription initiation machinery have been proposed to play a role in selective activation of cell-type-specific gene expression programs during cellular differentiation. (silverchair.com)
Our results thus identify an unexpected noncell autonomous role for mitochondria in the regulation of cellular lifespan and provide a basis for the coordinated development of gametic and nongametic cells. (shengsci.com)

A parent cell divides into two equal parent cells after replicating genetic material. (iitianacademy.com)
A cell divides when it has grown to a certain maximum size which disturb the karyoplasmic index (KI)/Nucleoplasmic ratio (NP)/Kernplasm connection. (studyinnovations.com)
Mature cell divides into two cells). (studyinnovations.com)

which would be the male reproductive cell, the gamete, destined to the fertilization of the ovum. (cassiopaea-cult.com)
The sperm is a specialized reproductive cell that plays a crucial role in fertilization. (microbiologynote.com)
The respective changes include a modified reproductive behavior of one of the female germ cells (central cell) and an extended lifespan of three adjacent accessory cells (antipodals). (shengsci.com)

Male germ cells enter meiosis starting at puberty and reproduce prolifically. (sciencing.com)

The function of sperm is to safely transport the haploid paternal genome to the egg containing the maternal genome. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Nuclear division e. karyokinesis occurs in 4 phases - prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. (studyinnovations.com)

The cells of the sporogenous tissue/microspore mother cell (2n) meiotically divide to form microspores which are arranged in a cluster of 4 cells called MICROSPORE TETRAD. (edignite.com)
In maize ( Zea mays L.), a few archesporial cells - the precursors of meiotically competent PMCs - are cytologically distinguishable by their central locular location and rapid enlargement when there are approximately 20 L2-d cells in locules of 150-170 μm anthers [ 3 ] (Figure 1a ). (biomedcentral.com)

These cells then proceed through meiosis II, wherein sister chromatids are separated into individual cells. (jci.org)

The first way is called preformistic and involves that the cells destined to become germ cells inherit the specific germ cell determinants present in the germ plasm (specific area of the cytoplasm) of the egg (ovum). (wikipedia.org)
DAZ family proteins are located in the nucleus and/or in the cytoplasm of male and female germ cells at different developmental stages throughout the gametogenesis. (ijbs.com)
A microscopic membrane made up of lipids and proteins which forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm. (eduhyme.com)

Apoptosis Programmed Cell Death (PCD). (agemed.org)
Signals to trigger apoptosis may come from within the cell or from outside, by stimulating suicide receptors in the cell's external membrane. (agemed.org)
Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)

Unlike animals, plants do not have germ cells designated in early development. (wikipedia.org)
One difference is that typically inheritance occurs almost immediately during development (around the blastoderm stage) while induction typically does not occur until gastrulation. (wikipedia.org)
The SUN-domain protein SUN4, which had received limited characterization prior to this work, was found to be exclusively expressed in haploid stages during germ cell development. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Exploring the origin and development mechanisms of tumour cells from the perspective of tumour biogenesis has always been a hotspot in the field of glioma research. (biomedcentral.com)
It is expected that a highly organized intrinsic genetic network is responsible for controlling spermatogenesis in the testis, and that the elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanism will help us further understand male germ cell development. (biomedcentral.com)
The development of highly differentiated sperm cells that are specialized for navigating to and fusing with an oocyte is essential for sexual reproduction. (silverchair.com)
This process gets rid of unneeded cells and is particularly important for "sculpting" tissue and organ structure during development of the embryo (or larval metamorphosis in insects), but may occur at any time even in adult cells when a tissue needs to be remodeled. (agemed.org)
We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)
An error during these developmental steps in females may lead to defective gonads, affecting the differentiation and/or function of the gonads and the development, differentiation, and maturity of the germ cells. (lidsen.com)
The differentiation of cells is, and development of testicles as determined by various predisposing factors categorized as morphological, physiological, endocrinological, histochemical and biochemical. (superbgrade.com)
This method of progressive development from the simpler to the more complex, through the utilisation of building units (globules or cells) is called epigenesis. (biologydiscussion.com)
Hormonal and structural changes are initiated leading to differentiation and development of floral primordium. (edignite.com)
The frog Xenopus laevis has been an important model of vertebrate cell biology and development for many decades. (biomedcentral.com)
Toward this end, an insertional transgenic mouse mutant has been isolated that results in abnormal germ-cell development. (shengsci.com)
In conclusion, this study reports the failure of adult Leydig cell development and altered steroid production and signaling in tissue cultures. (elifesciences.org)
Unlike animals, plants lack a germ line pre-determined early in development. (biomedcentral.com)
Flowering is a late step in plant development, and nearly all floral cells are somatic. (biomedcentral.com)

Our research focuses on developmental pathways that regulate hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation and are disrupted in the course of neoplastic transformation, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
Developmental cues to start meiosis occur late in plants. (biomedcentral.com)

In this group, the gametophyte (haploid) generation does not occur as an independent plant (as in ferns). (tripod.com)
The haploid pollen and ovule produced by a flower are thought to contain the remains of the gametophyte generation which was typical of the ancestors of the angiosperms (up to and including ferns). (tripod.com)

There are several key differences between these two mechanisms that may provide reasoning for the evolution of germ plasm inheritance. (wikipedia.org)
The importance and the easy accessibility of sperm cells have favored the study of its composition and mechanisms involved in its differentiation and function (1 - 5). (jri.ir)
Significant similarities in gene expression profiles between calorie restricted WT cells and a non-restricted ade4 mutant suggested the possibility of common gene expression biomarkers of all chronologically long lived cells that could also provide insights into general mechanisms of lifespan extension. (refine.bio)

Mutations to the p53 gene can result in cell overgrowth and cancerous tumors . (sciencing.com)

Pollen will germinate when moistened by growing a germ tube. (cornjournal.com)
Pollen landing on the silk hairs (trichomes) produce enzymes that allow penetration of the germ tube into the silk. (cornjournal.com)
Although several pollen grain may initially penetrate the silk only one usually is allowed to reach the ovule, as the silk channel basically collapses as the germ tube progresses. (cornjournal.com)
Pollen grain penetration of a silk occurs within 5 minutes but germ tube growth to the ovule may require 40-60 minutes. (cornjournal.com)
Two of the other cells (called synergid cells) adjacent to the egg cell apparently produce attractants to guide the pollen tube to the egg cell. (cornjournal.com)
Process of formation of microspores from pollen mother cell through meiosis. (edignite.com)
Germ pores - apertures on exine where sporopollenin is absent - forms pollen tube. (edignite.com)

Endodermal cells differentiate and together with Wunen proteins they induce the migration through the gut. (wikipedia.org)
Wunen proteins are chemorepellents that lead the germ cells away from the endoderm and into the mesoderm. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, altered transcripts in mutant pachytene cells encode microtubule network proteins. (bvsalud.org)
Condition characterized by accumulation in body tissues of deposits of abnormal proteins (amyloids) produced by cells. (w8mdspa.com)

the velvet complex in the gray mold fungus botrytis cinerea: impact of bclae1 on differentiation, secondary metabolism, and virulence. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Both cell types are pluripotent in vitro, but only ESCs have proven pluripotency in vivo. (wikipedia.org)

In this Review, we briefly outline the roles that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone play in regulating spermatogenesis and describe our current understanding of how vitamin A regulates germ cell differentiation and how it may lead to the generation of both the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave. (jci.org)

dGLYAT was found to regulate Gadd45 -mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)

In many animals, the germ cells originate in the primitive streak and migrate via the gut of an embryo to the developing gonads. (wikipedia.org)
Only gradually did these "globules" organise into rudiments (germ layers) which, in turn, took on the characteristics of the various organs of the embryo. (biologydiscussion.com)
Fourth, each cell of the developing frog embryo contains yolk platelets that provide nutrition during prefeeding stages of embryonic life. (biomedcentral.com)

In particular, the female sex cell is referred to as the ovum (also called egg cell) whereas the male sex cell, the sperm cell. (biologyonline.com)
A mere hair cell or a skin cell from an unsuspecting person could be turned into an egg or a sperm cell. (biologyonline.com)
One sperm cell migrates to the egg cell with its monoploid nucleus fusing with the monoploid egg cell nucleus to form a diploid zygote. (cornjournal.com)

This means that they can differentiate in any cell type in the body and thus germ cells. (wikipedia.org)
L2-d cells that do not differentiate as archesporial cells form 3 somatic layers, each of a single cell type, that encircle the pre-meiotic population (Figure 1c ). (biomedcentral.com)

Sperm cells are remarkably complex and highly specialized cells as compared to somatic cells. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Scientists create immature Human Eggs Out of Blood Cells For the First Time. (biologyonline.com)
Within these immature anthers are hundreds of microspore mother cells in which meiosis occurs. (cornjournal.com)

Plant germ cells develop in specialized haploid structures, termed gametophytes. (shengsci.com)

Instead, germ cells can arise from somatic cells in the adult, such as the floral meristem of flowering plants. (wikipedia.org)
The dynamics of RACK1 levels in isolated adult SC of mice, i.e., progressively high during differentiation and low compared to proliferating conditions, and RACK1 silencing indicated that RACK1 promotes both the formation of myotubes and the accretion of nascent myotubes. (sdbonline.org)
Despite a conserved density of Leydig cells after 30 days of culture (D30), transcript levels of adult Leydig cell and steroidogenic markers were decreased. (elifesciences.org)

Regeneration of a plant occur by shoots that arise from an existing root system . (iitianacademy.com)

In Angiosperms meiotic cells originate from a handful of pluripotent somatic cells, derived from the L2 layer (L2-d) of a floral meristem. (biomedcentral.com)

We have gained crucial insights into molecular factors and pathways of the cells generating either the supporting gonadal cells or germ cells of both sexes. (lidsen.com)

It is based on meiosis, which is cell division in which half of the genetic information is reduced. (cassiopaea-cult.com)
In addition to these basic issues concerning leukemia pathogenesis, we are devising new diagnostic procedures for detecting and monitoring leukemia patients based on molecular genetic abnormalities in the malignant cells. (stanford.edu)
In fact, scientists still lack genetic markers that clearly allow them to distinguish these cells from the rest of the uSPG pool. (elifesciences.org)
However, FOXC2-producing uSPGs were also capable of self-renewal, forming cells which feature genetic markers associated with SSCs. (elifesciences.org)
Within the flowers in the tassel and ear meristems, however a different nuclear division occurs resulting in the genetic diversity that has allowed corn to be adapted to multiple environments. (cornjournal.com)
First, genetic material gets duplicated so that each daughter cells will receive an equal amount of genetic material. (iitianacademy.com)
The duplication of genetic material is followed by division of cell into two daughter cells. (iitianacademy.com)
When the genetic material is transferred from one bacterial cell to other either by direct contact or by a bridge like connection between two cells is called conjugation. (eduhyme.com)

The chemical modification of RNA is a newly discovered epigenetic regulation mechanism in cells and plays a crucial role in a variety of biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)

Soon, a somatic cell could be converted into human sex cells. (biologyonline.com)
In humans, a sex cell may be identified from a somatic cell in being a haploid cell. (biologyonline.com)
Intrinsically, a human somatic cell that has " differentiated " could never become a sex cell just as a sex cell could neither become nor give rise to a somatic cell. (biologyonline.com)
Japanese researchers have, for the first time, successfully converted a somatic cell into a sex cell precursor. (biologyonline.com)
If, in the future, research on the conversion of a somatic cell into a sex cell pushes through to completion, it could lead to significant resolves to infertility issues. (biologyonline.com)

A unique cell differentiation occurs in the early portion of meiosis I, due to two haploid cells with chromosomal made up of 2 sister chromatids. (themagazinenews.com)
Haploidy in sex cells is important in order to maintain the chromosomal integrity in humans across generations. (biologyonline.com)

hCG was insufficient to facilitate Leydig cell differentiation, restore steroidogenesis and improve sperm yield. (elifesciences.org)
Transcript levels of the androgen receptor (AR)-regulated gene Rhox5 were decreased at the end of the culture period, suggesting that testosterone production by Leydig cells and/or AR transcriptional activity was impaired in organotypic cultures ( 8 ). (elifesciences.org)

Sister chromatids remain together as they are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers. (sciencing.com)

It is speculated that induction was the ancestral mechanism, and that the preformistic, or inheritance, mechanism of germ cell establishment arose from convergent evolution. (wikipedia.org)
This study aims to understand the function and mechanism of Drosophila Glycine N-acyltransferase (GLYAT) in cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)

Single-cell profiling of transcriptome and histone modifications with EpiDamID. (axonmedchem.com)
Nearly 60% of transcriptome changes in the set of transcripts mis-regulated in both mutants (N = 530) are enriched in PMCs, and only 1% are enriched in the tapetal cell transcriptome. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcriptome analysis reveals human cytomegalovirus reprograms monocyte differentiation toward an M1 macrophage. (refine.bio)

As germ cells are quiescent and therefore not dividing, they are not susceptible to mutation. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy58

Organisms14

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs73

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes72

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Chromosomes24

Spermatids8

Gametes10

Chromosome8

Genes10

Testes8

Spermatogonia13

Embryonic stem1

Primordial germ6

Spermatocytes5

Seminiferous tubules4

Mitosis7

Mammalian2

Nuclei5

Multicellular4

Organism8

Undergo4

Mitotic4

Progenitor cells1

Diploid cell2

Germline4

Spermatozoa6

Stem14

Spermiogenesis3

Maturation1

Spermatid2

Undergoes meiosis1

Species8

Spermatogenesis occurs2

Lineage5

Meiotic prophase1

MRNA4

Cellular3

Divides3

Reproductive3

Puberty1

Paternal genome1

Prophase1

Meiotically2

Meiosis II1

Cytoplasm3

Apoptosis3

Development17

Developmental2

Gametophyte2

Mechanisms3

Mutations1

Pollen7

Proteins4

Secondary1

Pluripotency1

Regulates1

Regulate1

Embryo3

Sperm cell3

Differentiate2

Highly specialized1

Immature2

Structures1

Adult3

Plant1

Originate1

Sexes1

Genetic8

Biological processes1

Somatic cell5

Chromosomal2

Leydig2

Sister chromatids1

Mechanism2

Transcriptome3

Quiescent1