• Sensory neurons, also known as afferent neurons, are neurons in the nervous system, that convert a specific type of stimulus, via their receptors, into action potentials or graded receptor potentials. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cell bodies of the sensory neurons are located in the dorsal ganglia of the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
  • Different types of sensory neurons have different sensory receptors that respond to different kinds of stimuli. (wikipedia.org)
  • The sensory neurons involved in smell are called olfactory sensory neurons. (wikipedia.org)
  • These sensory neurons produce action potentials. (wikipedia.org)
  • The neurons in the olfactory bulb that receive direct sensory nerve input, have connections to other parts of the olfactory system and many parts of the limbic system. (wikipedia.org)
  • 9. Taste sensation is facilitated by specialized sensory neurons located in the taste buds of the tongue and other parts of the mouth and throat. (wikipedia.org)
  • When you eat or drink something, chemicals in the food or liquid interact with receptors on these sensory neurons, triggering signals that are sent to the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • The five basic classes of neurons within the retina are photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Issues and decay of sensory neurons associated with vision lead to disorders such as: Macular degeneration - degeneration of the central visual field due to either cellular debris or blood vessels accumulating between the retina and the choroid, thereby disturbing and/or destroying the complex interplay of neurons that are present there. (wikipedia.org)
  • Expression of the GFRα3 receptor is primarily restricted to the peripheral nervous system and is found in a subpopulation of nociceptive sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) that coexpress the Ret and TrkA receptor tyrosine kinases and the thermosensitive channel TRPV1. (jneurosci.org)
  • For cutaneous sensory neurons, GDNF supports development of small neurons with nociceptive properties. (jneurosci.org)
  • Less is known about artemin and its affects on sensory neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • study synaptic connections between sensory hair cells and neurons in the cochlea. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • To investigate the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in differentiation of cranial sensory neurons in vivo, we analyzed development of nodose (NG), petrosal (PG), and vestibular (VG) ganglion cells in genetically engineered mice carrying null mutations in the genes encoding BDNF and the proapoptotic Bcl-2 homolog Bax. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, despite rescue of BDNF-dependent neurons by the bax null mutation, sensory target innervation was abnormal in double null mutants. (nih.gov)
  • These data demonstrate that BDNF signaling is required not only to support survival of cranial sensory neurons, but also to regulate local growth of afferent fibers into target tissues and, in some cells, transmitter phenotypic expression is required. (nih.gov)
  • The flow of information through the brain relies on the coordinated activity of thousands or millions of cells, and on ensembles of neurons that are active simultaneously. (amherst.edu)
  • The opening of these channels is monitored by sensory neurons surrounding the hair cells, and these neurons then communicate the electrical signals to neurons in the auditory association cortex of the brain. (news-medical.net)
  • Over time, hair-like sensory cells and bundles of neurons that transmit their vibrations break down, as do ribbon-like synapses, which connect the cells. (disabled-world.com)
  • The pairing of the two delivered the breakthrough solution, the researchers said, as neurons responded to the molecule, regenerating synapses in mouse ear tissue that led to repair of the hair cells and neurons, which are essential to hearing. (disabled-world.com)
  • There are at least six external and two internal sensory receptors: External receptors that respond to stimuli from outside the body are called exteroreceptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • To assess modulation of hair-cell activity, we reversibly activated or inhibited D1-like receptors (D1Rs) in lateral-line hair cells. (wustl.edu)
  • These fine hairs are made up of special cells that contain receptors for specific odors . (morungexpress.com)
  • You can detect their delicious scent because we humans have receptors on the surfaces of the cells that line the inside of our noses. (morungexpress.com)
  • Many hearing losses are caused by damage to the tiny sensory receptors, or hair cells, in the inner ear. (cmich.edu)
  • Hair cells on the ear called sensory receptors convert the vibration into signals that are interpreted by the brain. (dailynexus.com)
  • Unique among human sensory receptors, the ear's hair cells are not passive, but use an active process that results in a thousandfold amplification of auditory stimuli. (eurekalert.org)
  • Cochlear hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system. (bvsalud.org)
  • The proteins in the cell membrane function as pumps, receptors and transporters and regulate which substances find their way into and out of the cell. (lu.se)
  • Hair cells (HCs) in the cochlea mainly function in converting the sound mechanical waves into the electric neural signals [ 2 - 4 ] which make it extremely critical for the hearing ability. (hindawi.com)
  • Images of the normal, tidy architecture of these bundles on cells within the cochlea, the inner ear structure responsible for hearing, were captured by researchers in A. James Hudspeth 's lab at The Rockefeller University (top image). (rockefeller.edu)
  • With sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), the damaged hair cells of the organ of Corti within the cochlea interfere with typical hearing and, as a result, cause impaired language development. (intechopen.com)
  • The spiral shaped cochlea originates from one of the balance organs and contains the sensory epithelium for hearing. (bcm.edu)
  • The cochlea, which houses the sensory organ for hearing, consists of a triangular-shaped, fluid-filled channel, the membranous labyrinth, that is housed within the bony labyrinth (otic capsule). (cdc.gov)
  • Tiny sensory hair cells within the cochlea capture the vibrations and transform them into electrical signals. (betterhearing.org)
  • Inside the cochlea are specialized "hair" cells that have symmetric arrays of stereocilia extending out from their surface. (news-medical.net)
  • In Usher syndrome and some other "sensory neuronal" diseases that cause deafness, the hair cells in the cochlea are unable to maintain the symmetric arrays of stereocilia. (news-medical.net)
  • Specifically, it targets the cochlea, a snail-like structure in the inner ear where sensitive cells convey sound to the brain. (disabled-world.com)
  • The hair cells inside the fluid-filled cochlea react to sounds of different frequencies, 20-20 000 Hz. (lu.se)
  • The basic circuitry of the retina incorporates a three-neuron chain consisting of the photoreceptor (either a rod or cone), bipolar cell, and the ganglion cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • To determine how artemin affects sensory neuron properties, transgenic mice that overexpress artemin in skin keratinocytes (ART-OE mice) were analyzed. (jneurosci.org)
  • Analysis of sensory neuron physiological properties using an ex vivo preparation showed that cutaneous C-fiber nociceptors of ART-OE mice had reduced heat thresholds and increased firing rates in response to a heat ramp. (jneurosci.org)
  • Minimally, a recep- tor includes a peripheral axon terminal of one pri- mary afferent neuron, whose cell body is sited proximally in the dorsal root ganglion. (cdc.gov)
  • A research team led by Basile Tarchini has found two new proteins that are essential to the correct elongation of stereocilia, tiny hair-like cellular protrusions in the inner ear. (jax.org)
  • In cochlear hair cells, it is critical for elongation and differentiation of the stereocilia [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These hair-like structures are known as stereocilia, and Shin's new research shows a process they use to repair themselves. (news-medical.net)
  • The tips of the outer hair cell stereocilia are imbedded in a gelatinous mass called the tectorial membrane which lies on top of the organ of Corti and is secreted from cells (not shown) on the left. (bcm.edu)
  • The electrical potential inside the hair cells changes as the stereocilia are bent. (bcm.edu)
  • Hair cells have a bundle of elongated microvilli called stereocilia that project from the apical membrane into an extracellular gelatinous material that overlies the sensory area in each vestibular organ. (cdc.gov)
  • The stereocilia on the hair cells project into the overlying gelatinous material called the cupula. (cdc.gov)
  • Research has shown that the sensors of the lateral line of fishes have an uncanny similarity to sensory hairs inside the mammalian ear: the stereocilia. (rug.nl)
  • The human inner ear detects sound, angular velocity and acceleration via the stereocilia, which protrude from the top of sensory cells. (rug.nl)
  • As the hair cells move up and down, microscopic hair-like projections (known as stereocilia) that perch on top of the hair cells bump against an overlying structure and bend. (hearingloss.org)
  • The blow flies' main sensing organ is their antennae , two thin projections from the head that are covered in tiny hairs. (morungexpress.com)
  • The sensory epithelium of the inner ear is called the organ of Corti after the Italian scientist who first described it. (bcm.edu)
  • The organ of Corti is made up of hair cells and supporting cells (purple and blue, respectively) that sit on a flexible basilar membrane which is anchored to the bony shelf on the left and a ligament (not shown) on the right. (bcm.edu)
  • In no other organ in the body is it as easy to see the precise organization of the principal cells. (bcm.edu)
  • The supporting cells of the organ of Corti are not found immediately adjacent to the outer hair cells so that for most of the length of these cylindrically shaped cells are surrounded by a relatively large fluid filled space (Figure 6 provides a view of a row of outer hair cells). (bcm.edu)
  • The various cells in the organ of Corti can be examined by 'optically sectioning' or using the z-axis (fine focus) of a microscope to focus at successively deeper layers within the epithelium. (cdc.gov)
  • 4) The mouse organ of Corti averages about 6 mm in length and contains about 700 inner hair cells and 2400 outer hair cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Disadvantages: 1) The hair cells and supporting cells in the organ of Corti are very small. (cdc.gov)
  • Tiny hair cells in this organ translate the vibrations into electrical impulses that are carried to the brain by sensory nerves. (livescience.com)
  • We investigated whether either of the two overlapping branches that encompass NER, transcription-coupled repair or global genome repair, which are implicated in Cockayne syndrome and xeroderma pigmentosum group C, respectively, modulates cisplatin-induced hearing loss and cell death in the organ of Corti, the auditory sensory epithelium of mammals. (eur.nl)
  • Our results demonstrate that Csa and Csb deficiencies predispose to cisplatin-induced hearing loss and hair/supporting cell damage in the mammalian organ of Corti, and emphasize the importance of transcription-coupled DNA repair in the protection against cisplatin ototoxicity. (eur.nl)
  • These cells are located in the organ of Corti, the sensory organ responsible for hearing, within the osseous labyrinth of the inner ear. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cells forming a framework supporting the sensory AUDITORY HAIR CELLS in the organ of Corti. (bvsalud.org)
  • The hair cells develop from the lateral and medial ridges of the cochlear duct, which together with the tectorial membrane make up the spiral organ of Corti. (medscape.com)
  • Inherited neuropathies in which autonomic or sensory features predominate, conditions in which the neuropathy is part of a multiple-organ disturbance, and neuropathies with specific metabolic dysfunction are not discussed. (medscape.com)
  • Myosin XVA displays an important role in the mechanotransduction of cochlear hair cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Approximately half of congenital SNHL is hereditary and is the result of genetic mutations causing improper development of cochlear hair cells. (intechopen.com)
  • We report that cochlear hair cells and supporting cells in transcription-coupled repair-deficient Cockayne syndrome group A (Csa−/−) and group B (Csb−/−) mice are hypersensitive to cisplatin, in contrast to global genome repair-deficient Xpc−/− mice, both in vitro and in vivo. (eur.nl)
  • Cochlear hair cells consist of two anatomically and functionally distinct types: outer and inner hair cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hence, in vitro cultivation of primary hair cells is indispensable for investigating the protective or regenerative effects of cochlear hair cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • As shown by studies in Cupiennius salei (Ctenidae), a Central American wandering spider (Barth 2002, 2008) (Figure 1 ), which has attained particular importance as an exemplary spider in a number of international laboratories, these tactile hairs are surprisingly well "designed" to serve their particular sensory purpose. (scholarpedia.org)
  • Although whiskers are called "tactile hairs," they do not actually feel anything. (vcahospitals.com)
  • Artemin, a neuronal survival factor in the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family, binds the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein GFRα3 and the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret. (jneurosci.org)
  • The nerve is made up of the neuronal projections that connect the hair cells with the brain and is called the eighth nerve because it is one of 12 nerves that come off the brain in the skull. (bcm.edu)
  • In the late 1960s, neurophysiologic testing allowed the classification of CMT into 2 groups, one with slow nerve conduction velocities and histologic features of a hypertrophic demyelinating neuropathy (hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 1 or CMT1) and another with relatively normal velocities and axonal and neuronal degeneration (hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 2 or CMT2). (medscape.com)
  • The vast majority of these hairs is innervated and serving a tactile function, the major exception being the non-innervated short yellowish plume hairs of adult spiders. (scholarpedia.org)
  • L-type Ca 2+ channels (LTCCs) drive the bulk of voltage-gated Ca 2+ entry in vertebrate inner ear hair cells (HCs) and are essential for mammalian auditory processing. (jneurosci.org)
  • Typical of mammalian structure, the human body shows such characteristics as hair, mammary glands, and highly developed sense organs. (rincondelvago.com)
  • Hair cells and supporting cells of inner ear and lateral line sensory organs evolved from a common cell type to accommodate diverse forms of mechanical input. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, a member of the D1-like receptor family, D1b, tightly localizes to ribbon synapses in inner ear and lateral-line hair cells. (wustl.edu)
  • the mechanism by which synaptic ribbons orchestrate sensory receptor neurotransmission remains unclear ( Parsons and Sterling, 2003 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Genetic hearing loss is a common sensory disorder, and its cause is highly heterogeneous. (hindawi.com)
  • More than 10% of people in the US have some degree of hearing loss that compromises their daily communication, making it the most common sensory disorder. (msdmanuals.com)
  • As an example, hair cells express different sets of ion channels that shape the frequency, gain and time course of receptor potentials to optimize sensitivity to sounds, head or body motions. (frontiersin.org)
  • gem homozygous receptor mutant HCs display normal cell viability, afferent synaptogenesis, and peripheral innervation, yet exhibit strongly reduced extracellular potentials (∼50% of wild-type potentials). (jneurosci.org)
  • When taste receptor cells are stimulated by the binding of these chemical compounds (tastants), it can lead to changes in the flow of ions, such as sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), and potassium (K+), across the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • In response to tastant binding, ion channels on the taste receptor cell membrane can open or close. (wikipedia.org)
  • One effort focuses on an unusual cholinergic receptor that mediates efferent inhibition of hair cells, driving discovery of the molecular mechanisms, and offering a target for protection against acoustic trauma. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • 1 It is mediated by groups of taste receptor cells clustered in layered balls known as taste buds. (perfumerflavorist.com)
  • Hair-like extensions of the taste receptor cells protrude into a central pore at the top of the taste bud. (perfumerflavorist.com)
  • We seek to highlight contemporary research into the function of sensory hair cells and supporting cells in diverse hair cell organs, with consideration of the major questions and impediments to full understanding of sensory processing in the inner ear. (frontiersin.org)
  • We invite primary papers, review papers or commentaries that provide insight into hair cell or supporting cell function and dysfunction - dynamic or homeostatic, and from a diversity of approaches and model organisms and hair cell organs. (frontiersin.org)
  • The physical substance of the human organism, composed of living cells and extracellular materials and organized into tissues, organs, and systems. (rincondelvago.com)
  • Vagal sensory innervation to baroreceptor regions of the cardiac outflow tract was completely absent, and the density of vestibular sensory innervation to the cristae organs was markedly decreased, compared to wild-type controls. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, vestibular afferents failed to selectively innervate their hair cell targets within the cristae organs in the double mutants. (nih.gov)
  • Although it is not yet known, it will be exciting to see if our data are generalizable to other hair-cell organs and model systems. (amherst.edu)
  • Its orderly rows of outer hair cells is unique among the organs of the body. (bcm.edu)
  • This system of sense organs can detect flows and pressure variations in water via hair cells that are sensitive to water movement. (rug.nl)
  • With the help of sound and light signals, children are able to communicate with the different sensory organs. (lu.se)
  • The sensory information travels on the afferent nerve fibers in a sensory nerve, to the brain via the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vertigo stems from a problem with the inner ear, brain, or sensory nerve pathway. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The nerve fibers (brown) can be seen on their way to the hair cells in the sensory epithelia. (bcm.edu)
  • Eighth nerve fibers pass through a bony shelf on their way to the hair cells (orange). (bcm.edu)
  • The implant helps those who are deaf because of damage to sensory hair cells in the inner ear, by providing electronic stimulation of the auditory nerve. (talkingpointsmemo.com)
  • This breakthrough discovery has helped explain processes as varied as the release of insulin into the blood, communication between nerve cells and the way viruses infect cells. (talkingpointsmemo.com)
  • Diagram shows the working of the human outer and inner ear including exploded view of both hair and nerve cells. (disabled-world.com)
  • Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by lesions of either the inner ear (sensory) or the auditory (8th) nerve (neural). (msdmanuals.com)
  • These clear-staining cells at the dermoepidermal junction were near myelinated nerve fibers. (medscape.com)
  • Images that appear on the retina are registered as nerve signals and it sends the impulses on via the optic nerve to the visual cortex, in the cerebral cortex's occipital lobe, which then gives rise to a sensory impression. (lu.se)
  • While performing this sensory transduction process, the inner ear analyzes a sound stimulus in terms of its frequency, intensity, and temporal properties, and it transmits this information to the CNS for further processing and interpretation. (medscape.com)
  • Recent advances feature the identification of proteins constituting the mechanosensing machinery of hair bundles, how electromechanical amplification arises from prestin, novel mechanisms of signal transmission across specialized synapses and how supporting cells contribute to the homeostasis , maturation and regeneration of hair cell epithelia. (frontiersin.org)
  • For many years, auditory research has placed considerable emphasis on the regeneration of sensory hair cells. (news-medical.net)
  • Our research studies leverage the strengths of the zebrafish model system by using genetics and in vivo imaging to dissect the molecular and functional requirements underlying hair-cell synapse function and assembly. (amherst.edu)
  • Recently we examined how ensembles of sensory hair cells function in vivo using optical indicators in intact zebrafish. (amherst.edu)
  • Spinal nerves transmit external sensations via sensory nerves to the brain through the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sensory hair-cells are required to reliably transmit auditory and vestibular information to the brain. (amherst.edu)
  • They simply transmit information to sensory cells when they detect objects or movement. (vcahospitals.com)
  • Here we show that dopami-nergic efferent fibers innervate the acousticolateralis epithelium of the zebrafish during development but do not directly form synapses with hair cells. (wustl.edu)
  • While the majority of hearing loss is due to damage of sensory hair cells, there is accumulating evidence that in cases of noise-induced hearing loss, the pathology may be due to damage of hair-cell synapses rather than hair cells. (amherst.edu)
  • Whiskers are more sensitive than regular hairs because the follicles from which they originate are packed with blood vessels and nerves. (vcahospitals.com)
  • This causes chemical changes within the sensory cell that result in neural impulses being transmitted via different nerves to the brain where the signal is decoded and taste is perceived. (perfumerflavorist.com)
  • These hair cells pick up sound vibrations, and these nerves communicate sound to the dog's brain. (handicappedpets.com)
  • The lab study demonstrates a novel way for a drug to zero in on damaged nerves and cells inside the ear. (disabled-world.com)
  • These innervation failures occurred despite successful navigation of sensory fibers to the peripheral field, demonstrating that BDNF is required locally for afferent ingrowth into target tissues. (nih.gov)
  • The vestibular sensory areas contain sensory (hair) cells and supporting cells. (cdc.gov)
  • To pick up these sounds, tiny hair-like filaments in the inner ear must be packed into precisely arranged bundles, all facing the same direction. (rockefeller.edu)
  • This is part of an effort to understand how these hair bundles are constructed and aligned. (rockefeller.edu)
  • Scientists already knew that a molecular blueprint guides the formation of upside-down V-shaped bundles on the surface of inner ear cells that detect sound, motion, and spatial orientation. (rockefeller.edu)
  • The effect of this manipulation, captured in high-resolution, was conspicuous: the hair cells of animals that lacked the protein developed scrambled bundles without the distinctive V-shape (bottom image). (rockefeller.edu)
  • The scientists think Daple influences the shape of the hair bundles indirectly, by determining the position of the first filament to emerge at what becomes the apex of each bundle. (rockefeller.edu)
  • In Jackson shaker mice the hair bundles, the mechanoreceptive structures of inner ear sensory cells, are disorganized. (nih.gov)
  • When auditory hair cells are killed, as we learn in school, they are gone for good. (news-medical.net)
  • HT Lawless, H Heymann, Physiological and psychological foundations of sensory functions in Sensory Evaluation of Food, Springer-Verlag Publisher, New York, pp. 19-56 (2010). (perfumerflavorist.com)
  • These hair cells are involved in the physiological process called mechanotransduction, a phenomenon in hearing in which physical cues (sound waves) are transduced into electrochemical signals and communicated to the brain. (news-medical.net)
  • We encourage functional and molecular-genetic studies in the development, mature function, and aging of hair cell epithelia, as well as dysfunctions arising through genetic mutations or ototoxic drug treatment. (frontiersin.org)
  • Actin Stress Fibers stained with Acti-stain™ 555 in a Swiss 3T3 cell. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • When these cells die, it disrupts that communication, causing deafness. (handicappedpets.com)
  • In humans, there are mutations in [the gene] cadherin 23 that cause deafness as well as Usher syndrome, the leading cause of deaf-blindness," says Associate Professor Ulrich Mueller, Ph.D., who is in the Department of Cell Biology at The Scripps Research Institute and is a member of Scripps Research's Institute for Childhood and Neglected Diseases. (news-medical.net)
  • Even though whiskers erupt from hair follicles like other hairs, they really stand out on a dog's body. (vcahospitals.com)
  • We aim to understand how sensory stimuli are perceived and processed in the brain, and how the brain then interprets these stimuli to produce adaptive behaviors. (amherst.edu)
  • Because the balance system is so complex, it can be impaired by a large number of disease processes affecting any of the multiple sensory inputs, neural processing centers, or motor outputs. (cdc.gov)
  • In the brain office you can experience how the brain reacts to sensory impressions, how the impulses are processed, how the impressions affect the outgoing signals and how the body reacts. (lu.se)
  • SNHL is a permanent sensory disorder affecting more than 270 million people worldwide. (intechopen.com)
  • Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is the eponym for primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, a dermal neoplasm with cytoplasmic, dense-core neuroendocrine granules and keratin filaments. (medscape.com)
  • Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an uncommon and aggressive cutaneous neoplasm that lacks distinguishing clinical features. (medscape.com)
  • and unlike Xpc−/− mice, Csa−/− and Csb−/− mice lose hearing and manifest outer hair cell degeneration after systemic cisplatin treatment. (eur.nl)
  • In extracellular recordings from hair cells, we observed that D1R agonist SKF-38393 increased microphonic potentials, whereas D1R antagonist SCH-23390 decreased microphonic potentials. (wustl.edu)
  • Water is found in the extracellular fluids of the body (the blood plasma, the lymph, and the interstitial fluid) and within the cells themselves. (rincondelvago.com)
  • In addition, such extracellular materials as hair and nails are composed of protein. (rincondelvago.com)
  • In the circulation, miRNAs have been reported to be encapsulated in extracellular vesicles and serve as stable messengers for crosstalk among cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Now, genetic analyses, especially in zebrafish and mice, are accelerating our understanding of both canonical hair cell functions and the impact of evolved diversity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Like lipids, proteins are an important constituent of the cell membrane. (rincondelvago.com)
  • Based on the known interaction between USH1B (myosin VIIa), USH1C (harmonin) and USH1D (cadherin 23) proteins and the results obtained in this study, we suggest that a functional network formed by the USH1B, C, D and G proteins is responsible for the correct cohesion of the hair bundle. (nih.gov)
  • The discovery of membrane fusion shows the means by which proteins and other materials are transported within and between cells. (talkingpointsmemo.com)
  • Myelinating Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around a single axon and express high levels of myelin-related proteins and messenger RNA (mRNA). (medscape.com)
  • check the tag ADOLESCENCE HN - 2008 BX - Nutrition in Adolescence FX - Adolescent Nutrition Physiology MH - Peritoneal Stomata UI - D054048 MN - A01.047.025.600.700 MN - A10.810 MS - Natural openings in the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic plexus in the PERITONEUM, delimited by adjacent mesothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Photoreceptor cells are capable of phototransduction, a process which converts light (electromagnetic radiation) into electrical signals. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the hair cells move with the fluid waves, they create electrical signals. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Comparative research on hair cells in diverse species drove early observations that formed a functional framework for subsequent molecular dissection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Basile Tarchini reveals the complex molecular cascade that yields proper hair cell arrangement in a new paper in Nature Communications. (jax.org)
  • This can lead to depolarization of the cell membrane, creating an electrical signal. (wikipedia.org)
  • The basic principles of this local control are illustrated in the images below and are outlined as follows: First, an anatomic barrier exists between perilymph and endolymph, and it consists of Reissner membrane, the stria vascularis, and the reticular lamina formed by tight junctions between the apices of hair cells and the adjacent supporting cells (see the image above). (medscape.com)
  • Phospholipids and the steroid compound cholesterol are major components of the membrane that surrounds each cell. (rincondelvago.com)
  • Since the basilar membrane is attached to bone and ligament at its two ends, the area of maximal vibration is near the third (furthest right) row of outer hair cells. (bcm.edu)
  • Hair cells-sensory cells sitting on top of the basilar membrane-ride the wave. (hearingloss.org)
  • The Children's Room also offers additional creative activities that you will find in different parts of the cell walls and in the cell membrane. (lu.se)
  • The cell membrane is also a practical shoe rack. (lu.se)
  • It is lined with sensory cells that have hair-like structures. (medlineplus.gov)
  • They are known as hair cells because the cells are covered in hair-like structures that serve as mechanical antennas for sound detection. (news-medical.net)
  • The actin cytoskeleton is a very dynamic and labile structure in the living cell, but it can be fixed with paraformaldehyde prior to probing or staining for actin structures. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • This is of relevance not only for hair cell research, but the broader cell biology discipline. (news-medical.net)
  • The first action potential occurs in the retinal ganglion cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • In bax(-/-) mutants, ganglion cell numbers were increased significantly compared to wild-type animals, indicating that naturally occurring cell death in these ganglia is regulated by Bax signaling. (nih.gov)
  • In preclinical and clinical studies, progenitor cell therapy (cord blood and mesenchymal stem cells) has shown promise in reversing the underlying pathology of SNHL, the loss of cochlear sensory hair cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Cancer is a pathology caused by the uncontrol- which directly or indirectly interferes with cognitive per- lable growth of abnormal cells in the body which can formance. (bvsalud.org)
  • Prolonged exposure to loud noise harms hair cells in a variety of ways, and one of those is by damaging the cores of the 'hairs' themselves. (news-medical.net)
  • The hair cells do this by deploying a protein called XIRP2, which has the ability to sense damage to the cores, which are made of a substance called actin. (news-medical.net)
  • People with hearing loss using hearing aids should buy cell phones carefully. (medindia.net)
  • Scientists discover key cells which, when induced to multiply and converted to hair cells, could possibly reverse hearing loss. (medindia.net)
  • Understanding and harnessing internal mechanisms by which hair cells counteract wear and tear will be crucial in identifying ways to prevent age-related hearing loss. (news-medical.net)
  • We will present a summary of the effect of hearing loss on auditory development, existing preclinical and clinical data on progenitor cell therapy, and its potential role in the (re)habilitation of non-genetic SNHL. (intechopen.com)
  • Cisplatin is a common and effective chemotherapeutic agent, yet it often causes permanent hearing loss as a result of sensory hair cell death. (eur.nl)
  • Hearing loss is another sensory change your senior pet may experience. (handicappedpets.com)
  • Researchers at USC and Harvard have developed a new approach to repair cells deep inside the ear - a potential remedy that could restore hearing for millions of elderly people and others who suffer hearing loss. (disabled-world.com)
  • This distinction is important because sensory hearing loss is sometimes reversible and is seldom life threatening. (msdmanuals.com)
  • While investigating how cells draw up these blueprints, Kimberly Siletti, a graduate student in the lab, found evidence implicating a protein called Daple. (rockefeller.edu)
  • Protein folding inside cells is a vital process that gives molecules' their unique characteristics and disruption of this process can lead to disease and allergies. (talkingpointsmemo.com)
  • Within the utricle and saccule, the sensory cells are arranged in a flat plate of cells called a macula. (cdc.gov)
  • They contain the sensory hair cells and otoliths of the macula of utricle and of the saccule, respectively, which respond to linear acceleration and the force of gravity. (medscape.com)
  • Children who have other sensory, linguistic, or cognitive deficiencies are affected most severely. (msdmanuals.com)
  • During and after chemotherapy, cognitive cal manner, with formation of anaplastic cells (different complaints have been constantly reported by women, from those of normal tissue), which develop quickly particularly those related to attention (Piccirillo et al. (bvsalud.org)
  • Their function is assisted by a Na + /Cl - /K + cotransporter located in the marginal cells. (medscape.com)
  • For information on the structure and function of the cells that constitute the body, see Cells. (rincondelvago.com)
  • Therefore synaptically silent hair cells may be an important reserve that acts to maintain sensory function. (amherst.edu)
  • Actin staining is very useful in determining the structure and function of the cytoskeleton in living a nd fixed cells. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • This method can enhance our understanding of the biological characteristics of in vitro cultured hair cells and demonstrate the efficiency of cochlear hair cell cultures, establishing a solid methodological foundation for further auditory research. (bvsalud.org)