Hair cells of vertebrates. Medical search. Frequent questions

Consequently, the inner hair cells get more displacement of their cilia and move a little bit more and get more information than they would in a passive cochlea. (wikipedia.org)
This can cause opening and closing of the mechanically gated potassium channels on the cilia of the hair cell. (wikipedia.org)
The cilia of the hair cell are in the endolymph. (wikipedia.org)
Cilia and flagella are hair-like projections found on the surface of virtually every vertebrate cell. (harvard.edu)
Cilia are microtubule -based structures that either transmit information into the cell or move fluid outside of the cell. (xenbase.org)
Planar cell polarity enables posterior localization of nodal cilia and left-right axis determination during mouse and Xenopus embryogenesis. (xenbase.org)
Ift122 mutants display a loss of cilia in the inner ear hair cells and nasal pit epithelia. (zfin.org)
He used confocal microscopy to capture the detail of the cilia, tiny hairs used by the animals for feeding and locomotion. (nikonsmallworld.com)
Tiny hairs, or cilia, in a mouse embryo gyrate clockwise, setting up a leftward flow in the surrounding fluid. (riken.jp)

When the vibration of the membrane rocks the triangular frames, the hairs on the cells are repeatedly displaced, and that produces streams of corresponding pulses in the nerve fibers, which are transmitted to the auditory pathway. (wikipedia.org)
L-type Ca 2+ channels (LTCCs) drive the bulk of voltage-gated Ca 2+ entry in vertebrate inner ear hair cells (HCs) and are essential for mammalian auditory processing. (jneurosci.org)
In particular, sound-evoked spikes in auditory afferent fibers in vivo are phase-locked to sound frequencies up to 5 kHz, but it is not clear how hair cells can handle intracellular Ca 2+ changes with such high speed and efficiency. (jneurosci.org)
We conclude that, in addition to fast diffusion mediated by mobile Ca 2+ buffer, multiple Ca 2+ extrusion pumps are required for phase-locking at the auditory hair cell ribbon synapse. (jneurosci.org)
However, previous studies of Ca 2+ handling in auditory hair cells have often been conducted in immature hair cells, with elevated extracellular Ca 2+ concentration, or through steady-state stimulation that may not be physiologically relevant. (jneurosci.org)
This allowed us to reveal the Ca 2+ extrusion mechanisms that are required for phase-locking at auditory hair cell ribbon synapses. (jneurosci.org)
Given that phase-locking can be achieved in auditory afferent fibers for frequencies up to ∼5 kHz ( Taberner and Liberman, 2005 ), exocytosis from hair cells must be tightly controlled with sufficient temporal precision required. (jneurosci.org)
Research conducted in the lab of Patricia White, Ph.D., in 2012 identified a family of receptors -- called epidermal growth factor (EGF) -- responsible for activating support cells in the auditory organs of birds. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Chen W, Jongkamonwiwat N, Abbas L et al (2012) Restoration of auditory evodked responses by human ES-cell-derived otic progenitors. (springer.com)

The zebrafish and Xenopus kidney are outlined in white dashed lines, and motile multiciliated cells in the kidney are pseudocolored in magenta. (xenbase.org)
Studies using a zebrafish model further illustrate an important role of Lin28A in the recovery of progenitor cells. (encyclopedia.pub)
Two zebrafish homologs, atoh1a and atoh1b , are together necessary for hair cell development. (biologists.com)
A model is presented in which zebrafish atoh1 genes operate in a complex network leading to hair cell development. (biologists.com)
Tanya established her lab in Sheffield in 1997 to continue work on the developing vertebrate inner ear, using the zebrafish as a model system. (armi.org.au)
Cell and zebrafish models were designed to demonstrate the causal link between an identified new missense mutation p.T253R, characterized in ABHD12 from a young patient, the previously characterized p.T202I and p.R352* mutations, and the associated PHARC. (inra.fr)
Zebrafish may provide a suitable vertebrate model for ABHD12 insufficiency and the study of functional impairment and potential therapeutic rescue of this rare, neurodegenerative disease. (inra.fr)

In the cochlea of mouse embryos, it is highly expressed in prosensory cells and down-regulated at the onset of hair cell differentiation. (encyclopedia.pub)
Embryos were injected at the 4-cell stage dorsally (A-C, double in situ hybridization for chordin and LacZ RNA as injection marker, in red), or 1 cell stage (D-R). Control embryos were injected solely with LacZ RNA (1 ng). (xenbase.org)
RIKEN biologists have discovered how tiny hairs in embryos detect flowing fluid, which ultimately leads to the left and right sides of the embryo developing differences 1 . (riken.jp)
By contrast, embryos begin as symmetric bundles of cells. (riken.jp)

In fact, a team of researchers has recently used new findings from research on development of the inner ear to induce a few new cells in the guinea pig cochlea to become hair cells again proving that hair cell regeneration will be possible. (hearingreview.com)
The good news is that, for the first time in history, there are teams of investigators worldwide exploring the possibility that hair cell regeneration can be induced in the mammal and human cochlea. (hearingreview.com)
In a new study scientists have been able to regrow the sensory hair cells found in the cochlea -- a part of the inner ear -- that converts sound vibrations into electrical signals and can be permanently lost due to age or noise damage. (regenerativemedicine.net)
In mice, the cochlea expresses EGF receptors throughout the animal's life, but they apparently never drive regeneration of hair cells," said White. (regenerativemedicine.net)
In addition, Lin28B functions to enhance the regenerative competence of maturing supporting cells in the cochlea through cooperation with Follistatin, which inhibits Lin28B-induced TGF-ß signaling that can trigger proliferative quiescence [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Lin28A is required for hair cell regeneration in the mammalian cochlea, and may function in redundant processes with Lin28B [ 3 ] [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
they included hair cells in the cochlea and vestibular organs, Merkel cells and their neurites, muscle spindles, corneal nociceptors and enteric neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
2. Cochlea in vertebrates detects sound - receptors are tiny hair cells functioning as mechanoreceptors. (msudenver.edu)
NGS of RNA from inner ear sensory epithelial cells led to the identification of 455 miRNAs in both cochlear and vestibular sensory epithelium, with 30 and 44 miRNAs found in only cochlea or vestibule, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)

Somatic cell motility and active motility of the hair bundle, mechanically sensitive structure on the hair cell apex, are two main mechanisms by which hair cells can amplify mechanical stimuli. (ohio-forum.com)
The chemoreceptors are probably G-protein coupled and mechanotransduction involves transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels, which are responsible for detecting a range of chemical and mechanical stimuli in vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)

So when I was recently contacted by an earnest and amiable member of a local school board who was concerned about the questionable manner in which the issue of "stem cell" research - both human embryonic and adult - was presented to the high school students in his district in a currently-used science textbook, I agreed to evaluate that section in the text for him. (lifeissues.net)
In my opinion there is no question but that the scientific information on stem cell research included in this science text book being used in Illinois schools incorporates some inaccurate scientific facts, and seems to be very partial to the use of human embryonic "stem cell" research. (lifeissues.net)
Application of various small molecules and recombinant proteins to mouse embryonic stem cells at specific time points in vitro has enabled recapitulation of developmental cues with subsequent formation of inner ear organoids. (springer.com)
Baker C, Bronner-Fraser M (2001) Vertebrate cranial placodes I. Embryonic induction. (springer.com)

The furry ( fry ) gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein with a wide variety of cellular functions, including cell polarization and morphogenesis in invertebrates. (nature.com)

Among the 21 sensory cells of each of these hairs there are two mechanosensitive ones, responding to the deflection of the hair shaft (Harris and Mill 1973, 1977) . (scholarpedia.org)
We show that FM1-43, a styryl dye used to fluorescently label cell membranes, permeates mechanosensitive ion channels in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons, resulting in blockade of three previously defined subtypes of mechanically activated currents. (biomedcentral.com)
Meyers et al [ 4 ] also reported that FM1-43 is a permeant blocker of hair cell mechanosensitive channels and showed that the dye permeated the non-selective cation channels TRPV1 and P2X 2 . (biomedcentral.com)

that given the right morphogenesis or transcription factor, a cell could be induced to become anything at any point. (lifeissues.net)
The embryo of the frog Xenopus laevis is widely used as a model of cell polarization, migration, and morphogenesis due to its unique experimental advantages. (nature.com)

They contain the sensory hair cells and otoliths of the macula of utricle and of the saccule, respectively, which respond to linear acceleration and the force of gravity. (medscape.com)

systems can detect water movement due to hair cells called neuromasts arranged in a line along the sides of the body. (msudenver.edu)

This implies that placoderms may be uniquely informative about the evolution of gnathostome body architecture, the single most dramatic morphological transformation in vertebrate evolution and a key step in our own ancestry. (plos.org)
Loss of Fry function drastically affects the movement and morphological polarization of cells during gastrulation and disrupts dorsal mesoderm convergent extension, responsible for head-to-tail elongation. (nature.com)

Hair cells are mechanoreceptors transducing mechanical vibrations to electrical signals in the senses of hearing and balance in vertebrates. (ohio-forum.com)
In amphibians and some reptiles active processes in hair cells result in noisy mechanical oscillation of hair bundles, which may lead to frequency selective amplification. (ohio-forum.com)
We use computational modeling to address intriguing questions of how the interaction of two distinct oscillations, mechanical and electrical, affect spontaneous dynamics, battle noise, and shapes sensitivity of amphibian hair cells to external mechanical signals. (ohio-forum.com)
challenge the Holt-Géléoc-Griffith model, suggesting instead that the TMCs do not make up the transduction channel but instead couple those channels to tip links, the mechanical elements that impart directional sensitivity to hair cells. (silverchair.com)
FM1-43 applied to the extracellular surface of hair cells was taken up by the cell (resulting in fluorescent labelling of the cytoplasm) at a site close to the proposed site of transduction in a manner dependent on mechanical stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)

gem homozygous receptor mutant HCs display normal cell viability, afferent synaptogenesis, and peripheral innervation, yet exhibit strongly reduced extracellular potentials (∼50% of wild-type potentials). (jneurosci.org)

We also show that during coordinated cell death of hair follicle cells in mice, TNF-α is expressed in apoptotic cells and is required for normal cell death. (elifesciences.org)
The antioxidant properties of Vitamin A are especially useful for the protection of hair follicle cells. (progressivehealth.com)
Vitamin A is a key player in stimulating healthy growth in hair, skin, and nails, and in fact, helps regulate certain aspects of the hair follicle. (progressivehealth.com)
Chiggers usually attach at the base of a hair follicle and begin injecting digestive fluid into the skin. (msucares.com)
HN - 2008 BX - Von Ebner's Glands MH - Cumulus Cells UI - D054885 MN - A05.360.319.114.630.535.200.500 MN - A06.407.312.497.535.300.500 MN - A11.436.300.500 MS - The granulosa cells of the cumulus oophorus which surround the OVUM in the GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE. (bvsalud.org)

After damage occurred, there were indeed new hair cells generated by renewed cell division in several species of fully mature birds. (hearingreview.com)
However, scientists have long observed that other animals -- namely birds, frogs, and fish -- have been shown to have the ability to regenerate lost sensory hair cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Chigger larvae primarily feed on small vertebrates, such as birds, mice, lizards and toads, leaving these initial hosts after a few days to become nymphs and continue their life cycle. (msucares.com)

We and others are working hard to understand the molecular chain of events responsible for hair cell regeneration in species where it occurs. (hearingreview.com)
The molecular identity of the channel that mediates mechanotransduction by hair cells remains uncertain, despite being biophysically characterized since the late 1970s ( Corey and Hudspeth, 1979 ). (silverchair.com)
Genome and proteome data from Hydra magnipapillata have opened the way for the molecular analysis of an ancient nervous system, which includes stinging cells, an unusual neurosensory and neurosecretory cell type. (biomedcentral.com)

Such hairs are totally unlike those of vertebrates in structure, composition, and mode of growth. (allwords.com)
Plants, animals and fungi are thought to have a common ancestor, probably a simple eukaryotic (cells having distinct nuclei) organism highly unlike its modern descendants. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)

Internal hairs occur in the flower stalk of the yellow frog lily (Nuphar). (allwords.com)
Although this process can occur in individual cells, apoptotic signals may also dictate the 'communal death' of many cells simultaneously. (elifesciences.org)
Fungi may occur as independent single cells or they may be multicellular. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)

The basilar membrane is also the base for the hair cells. (wikipedia.org)
Due to its location, the basilar membrane places the hair cells adjacent to both the endolymph and the perilymph, which is a precondition of hair cell function. (wikipedia.org)
In the membrane of the outer hair cells there are motor proteins associated with the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
The movement of the basilar membrane causes hair cell stereocilia movement. (wikipedia.org)
The hair cells are attached to the basilar membrane, and with the moving of the basilar membrane, the tectorial membrane and the hair cells are also moving, with the stereocilia bending with the relative motion of the tectorial membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Here we show that the voltage-gated calcium channel Ca V 1.3 and the big conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channel are preferentially expressed by electrosensory cells in little skate ( Leucoraja erinacea ) and functionally couple to mediate electrosensory cell membrane voltage oscillations, which are important for the detection of specific, weak electrical signals. (nature.com)
The basic principles of this local control are illustrated in the images below and are outlined as follows: First, an anatomic barrier exists between perilymph and endolymph, and it consists of Reissner membrane, the stria vascularis, and the reticular lamina formed by tight junctions between the apices of hair cells and the adjacent supporting cells (see the image above). (medscape.com)
The hair cells develop from the lateral and medial ridges of the cochlear duct, which together with the tectorial membrane make up the spiral organ of Corti. (medscape.com)

The researchers focused on a specific receptor called ERBB2 which is found in cochlear support cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)
The researchers found that activating the ERBB2 pathway triggered a cascading series of cellular events by which cochlear support cells began to proliferate and start the process of activating other neighboring stem cells to become new sensory hair cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)
In neonatal murine cochlear organoids and explants, Lin28B antagonizes the activity of let7 miRNA and increases Akt-mTORC1 signaling to promote hair cell regeneration from immature supporting cells by inducing their de-differentiation and proliferation as well as by directly converting them into hair cells [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
The precise mechanism by which Lin28B and let7 miRNA regulate mTORC1 activity in cochlear epithelial cells awaits further investigation. (encyclopedia.pub)

Each cell is attached to a tiny triangular frame. (wikipedia.org)

This stress sensor also occurs in the hair bundles of sensory neurons that are associated with nematocytes in sea anemones [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

found that TNF is produced by apoptotic cells in hair follicles, and that blocking TNF inhibits the death of other cells in the same cohort: this suggests that a common mechanism could regulate the communal death of cells in flies and mammals. (elifesciences.org)

Figure 1: Ca V 1.3 and BK channels mediate the major cation currents in electrosensory cells. (nature.com)
In vivo , FMI-43 decreases pain sensitivity in the Randall-Selitto test and increases the withdrawal threshold from von Frey hairs, together suggesting that the channels expressed at the cell body in culture mediate mechanosensation in the intact animal. (biomedcentral.com)
Gale et al [ 3 ] recently showed that FM1-43 acts as a permeant blocker of mechanotransducing ion channels in murine hair cells. (biomedcentral.com)

This also contributes to the prevention of hair loss because a well-oiled skin signifies a well-nourished skin. (progressivehealth.com)

I feel that, within 5-10 years, we could easily find out if it s possible to regenerate hair cells at robust levels sufficient to restore hearing in mammals. (hearingreview.com)
When I started this work, somebody said to me that I d never be able to restore the complexity and intricacies of hair cells in humans or other mammals. (hearingreview.com)

Strikingly, undead cells in the posterior (back) region of the wing imaginal disc-the tissue in the larva that gives rise to the wing in the adult fruit fly-could trigger apoptosis in cells in the anterior (front) half. (elifesciences.org)
The vast majority of these hairs is innervated and serving a tactile function, the major exception being the non-innervated short yellowish plume hairs of adult spiders. (scholarpedia.org)

Cupiennius belongs to the hairy type of wandering spiders with several 100 thousands of hairs on its exoskeleton (Figure 2 ). (scholarpedia.org)

In this study, we combined patch-clamp recording and two-photon Ca 2+ imaging to examine Ca 2+ dynamics in hair cell ribbon synapses in the bullfrog amphibian papilla of both sexes. (jneurosci.org)

In wild-type hair cells, the transduction channel is located in the hair bundle, the mechanically sensitive structure decorating the apical surface of the cell. (silverchair.com)
They hold some surprises for the mechanisms and evolution of sensory transduction that could not have been anticipated from what has been learned from flies and vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
Research in BMC Biology now implicates the ancient opsin-mediated transduction pathway in the neuronal control of stinging cell discharge. (biomedcentral.com)

In sea anemones, the regulation of nematocyte exocytosis involves an adjacent mechanoreceptor complex, which consists of a sensory neuron with a kinocilium, surrounded by a bundle of stereocilia arising from hair cells [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Hair cell regeneration was not a major topic of research in hearing science until 1986-87. (hearingreview.com)
Hair cell regeneration occurring after hair cells were destroyed. (hearingreview.com)
We have also discovered one gene (and there will be others) that is responsible for turning off the production of hair cells during development and may be involved in preventing regeneration. (hearingreview.com)
From discovery of molecules that could induce regeneration in laboratory animals, it could be as little as another 10 years until we achieve hair cell regeneration in humans. (hearingreview.com)
Mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest are of great interest partly because reversing this process could provide a way to stimulate cardiac regeneration after injury [ 17 ]. (springer.com)
Our research is focused on finding a way to switch the pathway temporarily, in order to promote both regeneration of hair cells and their integration with nerve cells, both of which are critical for hearing. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Furthermore, it appears that this process not only could impact the regeneration of sensory hair cells, but also support their integration with nerve cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Consistent with this activity, functional analyses in mice suggest that Lin28B plays an important role in hair cell development and regeneration. (encyclopedia.pub)
Thus, Lin28B functions in hair cell regeneration through mitotic and non-mitotic mechanisms, which are dependent on mitotic division or trans-differentiation of supporting cells into hair cells, respectively. (encyclopedia.pub)
This suggests that coactivation of Lin28B and Follistatin may represent an endogenous mechanism mediating reprogramming of supporting cells for hair cell regeneration. (encyclopedia.pub)

Placoderms are considered as the first jawed vertebrates and constitute a paraphyletic group in the stem-gnathostome grade. (plos.org)
Although coenocytic hyphae may constitute a single elongated cell, they actually contain many nuclei and function more like multicellular structures. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)

The 'hairs' are minute processes on the end of the cell, which are very sensitive to movement. (wikipedia.org)
cells with hairlike processes in the sensory epithelium of certain parts of the internal ear. (sabda.org)

Nor is the embryo just a "fertilized egg", or just a "clump of cells", or appear only when the zygote is formed, or appear later after the zygote is formed, or appear after implantation - or even a week after that at 14-days. (lifeissues.net)
In order to break the initial "egg shape" of the embryo, cells need to polarize in a precise and coordinated manner. (nature.com)

find that these cells can stimulate other cells to die in both fruit flies and mice. (elifesciences.org)
Eiger is related to a protein called TNF that has been implicated in cycles of destruction and renewal of hair follicles in mice. (elifesciences.org)

We identified a novel mode of communication by which apoptotic cells induce additional apoptosis in the same tissue. (elifesciences.org)
Interestingly, Lin28B inhibits the processing of mature let7 miRNA, which functions to induce cell cycle exit in progenitor cells [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Prolonged expression of Lin28B delays prosensory cell cycle exit and prevents hair cell differentiation, suggesting that it functions to increase hair cell production [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Therefore, the antagonistic actions of Lin28B and let7 miRNA coordinate the timing of prosensory cell cycle withdrawal for hair cell differentiation. (encyclopedia.pub)
In mouse, Atoh1 is necessary for hair cell differentiation, but its role in specifying the equivalence group (proneural function) has been questioned and little is known about its upstream activators. (biologists.com)
As the equivalence group develops, a few cells upregulate Atoh1 expression and complete differentiation as hair cells. (biologists.com)

Vitamin A can mop up these reactive radicals and prevent them from damaging the cells of the hair follicles. (progressivehealth.com)
Healthy circulation improves the hair follicles' ability to function which is crucial to avoiding hair loss. (progressivehealth.com)
Applying a vitamin A solution to the scalp can aid in improving the health of the scalp and hair follicles. (progressivehealth.com)
A body that is balanced has a steady supply of the vitamins and nutrients that help it function properly, including the scalp and hair follicles. (progressivehealth.com)
Not to mention this also aids in causing the hair follicles to be healthier which means less lost hair and improved hair growth. (progressivehealth.com)

In the retina, aberrant opsin transport from cell bodies to outer segments leads to retinal degenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa. (zfin.org)
Viewed from the outside, the left and right sides of vertebrate bodies usually appear indistinguishable. (riken.jp)

The real experts to ask about the accurate scientific facts of human embryology are the scientific experts in human embryology who are academically credentialed Ph.D. human embryologists - not the "experts" in cell biology, genetics, doctors, nurses, theologians, lawyers or politicians, secretaries, news journalists, etc. (lifeissues.net)

You have to regenerate sensory hair cells and these cells have to function properly and connect with the necessary network of neurons. (regenerativemedicine.net)
The ear is a fascinating system for study, due to its complex three-dimensional arrangement of interlinked ducts and chambers, and multitude of different cell types, including neurons, sensory hair cells, supporting and secretory cells. (armi.org.au)

However, p27 kip1 expression and cell cycle withdrawal could be regulated independently from equivalence group specification. (biologists.com)

Interest in ALMS1 is heightened by the recent discovery of its involvement in neonatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest, a process with potential relevance to regenerative medicine. (springer.com)

The outer hair cells feed back energy to amplify the traveling wave, by up to 65 dB at some locations. (wikipedia.org)

This digestive fluid dissolves skin cells, chemically boring a hole into the skin and creating a sort of straw filled with digested skin tissue on which the chiggers feed. (msucares.com)

Gestation is a period marked by the surge of many expectations in relation to the birth of the future child that pervade the biological plane, triggered by the slow transformation of the cell in a new human being and also in the psychological plane, influenced by the preparation process of the mother for the relationship with this new being, by the construction of the so called imaginary baby 1 . (bvsalud.org)

AiA provides a mechanism to explain cohort behavior of dying cells that is seen both in normal development and under pathological conditions. (elifesciences.org)
This occurs frequently in animal development: in human fetuses, for example, cells in the hand are directed to die to remove webbing between the fingers. (elifesciences.org)
However, little is known about its function in vertebrate development. (nature.com)
He snapped this photo at around 20 days of development using immunofluorescence and is studying the development and evolution of vertebrate anatomy. (nikonsmallworld.com)

My edited analysis of the section on "stem cell research" in this science textbook is copied below. (lifeissues.net)
A third experiment involved testing two drugs, originally developed to stimulate stem cell activity in the eyes and pancreas, that are known activate ERBB2 signaling. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Ding Q, Regan S, Xia Y, Oostrom L, Cowan C, Musunuru K (2013) Enhanced efficiency of human pluripotent stem cell genome editing through replacing TALENs with CRISPRs. (springer.com)
What are stem cells? (armi.org.au)
Stem cells are basically the building blocks of organisms. (armi.org.au)

1994. Inhibition of Na+-glucose cotransport in kidney cortical cells by cadmium and copper: Protection by zinc. (cdc.gov)
Chambers S, Fasano C, Papapetrou E (2009) Highly efficient neural conversion of human ES and iPS cells by dual inhibition of SMAD signaling. (springer.com)
Measuring ABHD12 monoacylglycerol lipase activity in transfected HEK293 cells demonstrated inhibition with mutated isoforms. (inra.fr)

Anatomy65

Organisms46

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs52

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes54

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Health Care1

Cilia9

Auditory9

Zebrafish7

Embryos4

Cochlea9

Stimuli2

Embryonic4

Invertebrates1

Mechanosensitive3

Morphogenesis2

Otoliths1

Detect1

Morphological2

Mechanical5

Afferent1

Follicle5

Birds3

Molecular3

Unlike2

Occur3

Membrane8

Cochlear4

Tiny1

Bundles1

Blocking TNF inhi1

Channels3

Contributes1

Mammals2

Adult2

Spiders1

Ribbon synapses1

Transduction3

Stereocilia1

Regeneration10

Constitute2

Processes2

Embryo2

Mice2

Induce2

Differentiation4

Follicles5

Bodies2

Biology1

Neurons2

Withdrawal1

Neonatal1

Amplify1

Fluid1

Transformation1

Development4

Stem5

Inhibition3