Highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are naturally restricted to H5 and H7 subtypes with a polybasic cleavage site (CS) in the hemagglutinin (HA) and any AIV with an intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) ≥1.2. (preprints.org)
The virus can be classified into different subtypes based on their surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). (justia.com)
Over a dozen subtypes of hemagglutinin are known. (rcsb.org)
Influenza A viruses are divided into subtypes based on two proteins on the surface of the virus: the hemagglutinin (H) and the neuraminidase (N). There are 18 different hemagglutinin subtypes and 11 different neuraminidase subtypes. (cdc.gov)
Below is a table showing the different hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes and the species in which they have been detected. (cdc.gov)
Different hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes and the species in which they have been detected. (cdc.gov)
Sixteen haemagglutinin (HA) subtypes of avian influenza viruses (AIV) have been described to date. (bvsalud.org)
Specific hemagglutinin subtypes encoded by VIRUSES. (bvsalud.org)
Haemagglutinin and neuraminidase AIV subtypes were determined for pos- itive samples. (who.int)
H1N16
To test whether the difference between HA and NA in demic (H1N1) 2009 resulted from the spread of a recently pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus resulted from sampling er- derived hemagglutinin through a population of ancient and ror, we applied the same analysis to 92 epidemiologically more diverse neuraminidase segments. (cdc.gov)
Whereas five broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the conserved stalk region of hemagglutinin (HA) required interactions between the antibody Fc and Fc receptors for IgG (FcRs) to confer protection from lethal H1N1 challenge, three strain-specific monoclonal Abs (mAbs) against the variable head domain of HA were equally protective in the presence or absence of FcR interactions. (mssm.edu)
Methods: The haemagglutinin (HA) segments of A(H1N1)pdm09 from both real-time RT-PCR positive and negative samples were isolated and sequenced. (who.int)
A subpopulation of CTL that recognized the H1 hemagglutinin was detected in mice primed with either A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) or A/JAP/305/57 (H2N2) influenza viruses. (ox.ac.uk)
An immunoinformatics study was conducted to determine the highly conserved antigenic epitope regions of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes in the humoral immunity and CD4+ and CD8+ T cellular immunity between 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) and seasonal H1N1 (sH1N1) viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
US-licensed trivalent influenza vaccines will contain hemagglutinin derived from A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B/Victoria viruses. (medscape.com)
Stalk4
Pre-existing immunity to influenza virus hemagglutinin stalk might dri" by Jae-Keun Park, Yongli Xiao et al. (providence.org)
Pre-existing immunity to influenza virus hemagglutinin stalk might drive selection for antibody-escape mutant viruses in a human challenge model. (providence.org)
The conserved region of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) stalk (or stem) has gained attention as a potent target for universal influenza vaccines1-5. (providence.org)
BACKGROUND: One strategy to develop a universal influenza virus vaccine is to redirect the immune system to the highly conserved haemagglutinin stalk domain by sequentially administering vaccines expressing chimeric (c) haemagglutinins with a conserved stalk domain and divergent head domain, to which humans are naive. (bvsalud.org)
Proteins4
Avain Influenza (AI) is a highly contagious disease caused by type A influenza viruses which have negative-sense, single-stranded genomes that encode at least ten proteins including two surface glycoproteins [haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)], nucleoprotein (NP), three polymerase proteins [polymerase basic (PB1), (PB2) and polymerase acidic (PA)], two matrix (M1 and M2) proteins and two non-structural (NS1 and NS2) proteins. (scialert.net)
As an enveloped virus with a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome, NDV encodes the six structural proteins: nucleoprotein (NP), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), fusion protein (F), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and large polymerase protein (L) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
DNA vaccines formulated with the cationic lipid-based adjuvant Vaxfectin induce protective immunity in macaques after intradermal (i.d.) or intramuscular (i.m.) delivery of 0.5 to 1 mg of codon-optimized DNA encoding the hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) proteins of measles virus (MeV). (johnshopkins.edu)
To understand more fully the molecular events associated with highly virulent or attenuated influenza virus infections, we have studied the effects of expression of the 1918 hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes during viral infection in mice under biosafety level 3 (agricultural) conditions. (mssm.edu)
Orthopoxviruses and Monkeypox virus were detected in the organs by PCR using consensus primers targeting the virus surface membrane haemagglutinin (HA) genes, while Leptospira species were detected by PCR using primers targeting the rrs and lfb1 genes. (who.int)
Disclosed herein are neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the surface hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the influenza H5N1 strain. (justia.com)
Viruses4
Hemagglutinin-Influenza A Virus H7N9 Anhui 2013 (Anhui H7N9) is a part of the influenza viruses hemagglutinin family. (prospecbio.com)
A multibasic cleavage site (MBCS) in the haemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza A virus is a key determinant of pathogenicity in chickens, and distinguishes highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses from low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAI). (eur.nl)
Pathogenicity and haemagglutinin gene sequence analysis of Iranian avian influenza H9N2 viruses isolated during (1998-2001)', Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research , 7(3), pp. 37-41. (ac.ir)
Quadrivalent influenza vaccines will contain hemagglutinin derived from these three vaccine viruses and from a B/Yamagata virus. (medscape.com)
Epitopes2
The objective of the present study was to identify putative T cell epitopes of the hemagglutinin (HA) antigen of an H5 AIV in chickens. (ucl.ac.uk)
The mAbs recognized the same two major immunodominant haemagglutinin (HA) epitopes targeted by humans, one of which is not recognized by post-infection ferret antisera that are commonly used to monitor virus evolution. (pirbright.ac.uk)
Hong Kong1
82 rheumatoid patients and 30 healthy controls were vaccinated with a split-virion inactivated vaccine containing 15 μg haemagglutinin (HA) per dose of each of B/Hong Kong/330/2001 (HK), A/Panama/2007/99 (PAN), and A/New Caledonian/20/99 (NC). (bmj.com)
Viral1
Protein E1 is the viral hemagglutinin that binds both hemagglutination-inhibiting and hemolysis-inhibiting antibodies. (medscape.com)
Highly conserved1
The MAbs recognize the highly conserved HA1 region of H5N1 hemagglutinin and inhibit multiple strains of the H5N1 virus, as well as treated mice infected with a lethal dose of H5N1 viruses of two divergent strains, demonstrating their potential as therapeutic agents for multivalent prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. (justia.com)
Antigenic1
Phylogenetic analyses indicated that multiple co-circulating clades and continual antigenic drift in the haemagglutinin (HA) of clades 5, 3A, and 3C, with the evolution of a new 3C subgroup (3C-2012/13), were the driving causes of the epidemic. (eurosurveillance.org)
Molecule1
These results showed that the majority of fully crossreactive CTL do not recognize the hemagglutinin molecule. (ox.ac.uk)
Pathogenicity1
These AI isolates were used for pathogenicity, haemagglutinin (HA) gene variation and phylogenetic analysis. (ac.ir)
Esterase1
Similar to influenza C virus (ICV), IDV also has seven segments in its genome and has only one major surface glycoprotein, called the hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion (HEF) protein, for receptor-binding, receptor-destroying, and membrane fusion. (flu.org.cn)
Isolates2
A comprehensive phylogenetic study based on the hemagglutinin (H) protein of all known African measles virus (MV) isolates is presented. (lih.lu)
Rapid molecular haemagglutinin subtyping of avian influenza isolates by specific real-time RT-PCR tests. (bvsalud.org)
HBD3 binds to many microbial antigens and, in this study, we hypothesised that the known binding of HBD3 to Porphyromonas gingivalis recombinant haemagglutinin B (rHagB) alters, but does not inhibit, the binding of rHagB to human dendritic cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Pandemic2
The hemagglutinin shown here is taken from an actual virus of the pandemic that killed so many people in 1918. (rcsb.org)
A comparison between nucleoprotein and hemagglutinin transfected L cells reveals the nucleoprotein as the major target for CTL that are crossreactive on the three pandemic strains of human influenza A virus. (ox.ac.uk)
Antibody4
In one embodiment disclosed herein, a neutralizing antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin is provided. (justia.com)
Also disclosed herein is a pharmaceutical formulation for neutralizing influenza virus comprising an antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
Also disclosed herein is a method of treating influenza virus infection in a subject in need thereof comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the neutralizing antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin and thereby treating said influenza virus infection in said subject. (justia.com)
Pertussis: Although no immunologic correlates of protection have yet been identified for pertussis, IgG antibody levels against four virulence factors (pertussis toxin (PT), fimbriae (FIM), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and pertactin (PRN)) are used to assess immunogenicity following vaccination and disease (Mattoo, et al. (cdc.gov)
Antibodies1
Disclosed herein are neutralizing antibodies with cross-neutralizing activity and cross-protective effects against divergent stains of influenza virus, which are specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
Binds1
When they find the proper one, hemagglutinin binds to the cell and the orange chains initiate the attack, as shown on the next page. (rcsb.org)
Avian1
This paper focuses on accurately predicting if an Influenza type A virus can infect specific hosts, and more specifically, Human, Avian and Swine hosts, using only the protein sequence of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene. (bcu.ac.uk)
Virus7
In another embodiment, the epitope has at least 95% or at least 98% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
Hemagglutinin is one of the reasons that influenza virus is so effective. (rcsb.org)
The name hemagglutinin refers to the ability of influenza to agglutinate red blood cells: the virus is covered with many hemagglutinin molecules, which together can glue many red blood cells together into a visible clump. (rcsb.org)
The specificity, and thus the danger, of each strain of influenza virus depends on the particular type hemagglutinin that it carries. (rcsb.org)
The Haemagglutinin (HA) gene of the virus can be a target for antiviral drug development realised through accurate identification of its sub-types and possible the targeted hosts. (bcu.ac.uk)
RÉSUMÉ L'Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) émet des recommandations quant aux virus à inclure dans les vaccins contre les grippes saisonnières des hémisphères nord et sud, en fonction des analyses réalisées par ses centres collaborateurs. (who.int)
All human infections caused by a new influenza subtype are required to be reported under the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005).4 This includes any influenza A virus that has demonstrated the capacity to infect a human and its haemagglutinin gene (or protein) is not a mutated form of those, i.e. (who.int)
Cytotoxic T cell recognition of the influenza nucleoprotein and hemagglutinin expressed in transfected mouse L cells. (ox.ac.uk)
L cells expressing either the A/NT/60/68 nucleoprotein or the A/PR/8/34 (H1) hemagglutinin by DNA mediated gene transfer were used to investigate recognition by influenza A specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). (ox.ac.uk)
Filamentous2
The filamentous haemagglutinin adhesin (FHA) is a large, filamentous protein that serves as a dominant attachment factor for adherence to host ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, called respiratory epithelium. (wikipedia.org)
One notable bacterium that produces filamentous haemagglutinin adhesin is Bordetella pertussis, which uses this protein as a virulence factor. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular1
Hemagglutinin is a deadly molecular machine that targets and attacks cells. (rcsb.org)
Human1
However, there is the possibility that it could acquire a human-specific hemagglutinin, and then it could cause real problems. (rcsb.org)
Domain1
Here we report the identification of such an epitope of limited variability in the head domain of the H1 haemagglutinin protein. (ox.ac.uk)
Chains1
In the active form, shown here from PDB entry 1ruz , hemagglutinin is composed of two different types of chains, shown in blue and orange. (rcsb.org)