AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and Processes
HabenulaEpithalamusDiencephalonZebrafishBrainCell NucleusMesencephalonZebrafish ProteinsBody PatterningNeuronsFunctional LateralityNeurogenesis
ThalamusCommissureMedial longitudinHabenulaNeuronsLateralThalamicPosteriorFibersAccumbensDorsal nucleusBasal nucleiMotor nucleiPinealInterpeduncular nucleusBrainstemAmygdalaLentiform nucleusStria terminalisGlossopharyngeal nerveInferiorHypoglossal nerveHypothalamusAfferentHabenulaeTractMedullaPutamenTegmentumStimulationSpinalSuperiorAreaSmallRewardFound
Thalamus4
  • The afferent pathways reach the habenular nuclei via the medullary stria of the thalamus ( A2 ). (brainkart.com)
  • What is the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus concerned with? (dentaldevotee.com)
  • LiCl-pilocarpine administration induced a massive neurodegeneration in several brain regions, including CA1 hippocampal subfield, habenula (lateral habenular nucleus), thalamus (ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus) and amygdala (medial amygdaloid nucleus) 24 h after SE onset (Fig. 1). (others-signal.com)
  • From the hippocampus, signals are relayed via the fornix to the mammillary bodies and via the mammillothalamic tract to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus. (medscape.com)
Commissure6
  • The epithalamus includes the habenula (with habenular nuclei, habenular commis-sure, and medullary stria), the pineal gland,and the epithalamic commissure (posteriorcommissure). (brainkart.com)
  • From the various pretectal nuclei that send fibers through the commissure, the intersti-tial nucleus of Cajal and Darkshevich's nu-cleus are the most important ones. (brainkart.com)
  • B20 Habenular commissure. (brainkart.com)
  • The posterior commissure interconnects the pretectal nuclei, mediating the consensual pupillary light reflex. (howmed.net)
  • In addition to the posterior commissure there was a slight indication of the habenular commissure. (edu.au)
  • The anterior band is the dorsal or habenular commissure, and the posterior is the posterior commissure of the adult brain. (co.ma)
Medial longitudin2
  • Extensive interconnections exist between many of these nuclei, as well as with other brainstem nuclei and white matter tracts, such as the medial lemniscus and medial longitudinal fasciculus . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Images obtained in live embryos from 22 to 96 h post fertilization confirmed our earlier reports on the presence of spon1b:GFP expressing cells in the telencephalon and diencephalon (olfactory bulbs, habenula, optic tectum, nuclei of the medial longitudinal fasciculus), and revealed new spon1b:GFP populations in the pituitary anlage, dorso-rostral cluster, and ventro-rostral cluster. (biomedcentral.com)
Habenula5
  • Habenular axons emanating from your dHbL are thought to innervate the dorsal intermediate and most dorsal part of the ventral IPN while those originating from dHbM neurons project to the intermediate and ventral IPN (Agetsuma double heterozygous fish more DsRed2-positive neurons are located in the remaining habenula. (healthyguide.info)
  • The habenula ( A1 ) with its af-ferent and efferent pathways forms a relay system in which olfactory impulses are transmitted to efferent (salivatory and motor) nuclei of the brain stem. (brainkart.com)
  • A bundle of white fibers passing from the habenula to the red nucleus . (dictionary.net)
  • tract of fibers passing from the habenula to the mesial side of the red nucleus . (dictionary.net)
  • The medial habenula (mHb) is an understudied small brain nucleus linking forebrain and midbrain structures controlling anxiety and fear behaviors. (carlosibanezlab.se)
Neurons9
  • The size asymmetry between the dHbM and dHbL subnuclei has been attributed to a higher quantity of early created dHbL BIX 01294 neurons in the remaining dorsal nucleus and later on created dHbM neurons enriched on the right (Aizawa (deCarvalho (Miyasaka (also known as ((Agetsuma (Akitake (H. Burgess personal communication). (healthyguide.info)
  • In zebrafish the ventral nucleus was defined by its manifestation of the ((((Fig. 1e f) but will also be found in a subset of neurons in both ventral nuclei (arrowheads in Fig. 1e). (healthyguide.info)
  • Recent function by Hong transgenic history or with regards to the asymmetric appearance of larvae neurons tagged with membrane-tagged GFP are located through the entire dorsal habenulae (Fig. 2a b) and even more sparsely in the ventral nucleus (arrowheads). (healthyguide.info)
  • The habenular nucleus contains numerous peptidergic neurons. (brainkart.com)
  • The nuclei contain large motor neurons and myelinated fibers of the hypoglossal nerve, innervating the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles , excluding palatoglossus 1,2 which is innervated by the vagus nerve . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Functionally, the nuclei can be divided dorsally and ventrally, and into medial and lateral components to achieve a musculotopic organization of the motor neurons within. (radiopaedia.org)
  • [7] Much smaller parvocellular neurosecretory cells , neurons of the paraventricular nucleus, release corticotropin-releasing hormone and other hormones into the hypophyseal portal system , where these hormones diffuse to the anterior pituitary . (cloudfront.net)
  • Reexposure to nicotine during withdrawal increases the pacemaking activity of cholinergic habenular neurons. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • mHb neurons express some of the highest levels of GFRα1 in the mouse brain, and acute ablation of GFRα1 results in loss of septo-habenular and habenulo-interpeduncular glutamatergic synapses, with the remaining synapses displaying reduced numbers of presynaptic vesicles. (carlosibanezlab.se)
Lateral3
  • In the anaesthetic-injected group, the Fos-positive neurones were found bilaterally in the lateral Hb nucleus (HbL). (eurekamag.com)
  • The habenular trigone is situated on the lateral aspect of the posterior part of the taenia thalami. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lateral Habenular Burst Firing as a Target of the Rapid Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine [J]. Trends Neurosci, 2019, 42(3): 179-191. (hillpublisher.com)
Thalamic3
  • Describe how the thalamic nuclei are classified. (dentaldevotee.com)
  • VM, ventromedial thalamic nucleus. (masazgorlice.pl)
  • Hádinger N, Bősz E, Tóth B, Vantomme G, Lüthi A, Acsády L. Region-selective control of the thalamic reticular nucleus via cortical layer 5 pyramidal cells. (unil.ch)
Posterior1
  • The habenulotegmental tract ( A9 ) terminates in the dorsal tegmental nucleus ( A10 ), from where there is a link to the posterior longi-tudinal fasciculus with connec-tions to the salivatory and motor nuclei of the masticatory and deglutitory muscles (olfactory stimuli leading to secretion of saliva and gastric juice). (brainkart.com)
Fibers7
  • These fibers extend into the region below the lentiform nucleus and geniculocalcarine tract where they bend outward toward the temporal lobe (thalamotemporal tract). (stanford.edu)
  • It contains fibers from the septal nuclei ( A3 ), the anterior perforated substance (ol-factory area) ( A4 ), and the preoptic region ( A5 ). (brainkart.com)
  • The rhythm of day and night is transmitted to the pineal gland through the following route: via retinal fibers to the su-prachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus, then via efferent hypothalamic fibers to the interme-diolateral nucleus. (brainkart.com)
  • Fibers pass anteriorly between the inferior olivary nucleus and pyramid and exit the medulla as the hypoglossal nerve between the pyramid and olive. (radiopaedia.org)
  • The hypoglossal nucleus receives corticonuclear fibers , from the precentral gyrus and adjoining areas from both the ipsilateral and contralateral cerebral hemispheres, however primarily from the latter 1 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • The telencephalon consists of the cortex, the subcortical fibers, and the basal nuclei. (medscape.com)
  • c. of inferior colliculus [TA] nerve fibers on the midline between the two inferior colliculi connecting the colliculi and containing some fibers originating from nontectal nuclei . (en-academic.com)
Accumbens6
  • In situ hybridization examined preprotachykinin A mRNA levels in the core and shell of the nucleus accumbens, the islands of Calleja, the olfactory tubercle, the dorsal and ventral caudate-putamen, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the medial preoptic area, the medial habenular nucleus and in the postero-dorsal part of the medial amygdala. (erowid.org)
  • Higher levels of preprotachykinin A mRNA were found in the core and shell of the nucleus accumbens, in the islands of calleja, in the olfactory tubercle, in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, in the medial habenular nucleus and the postero-dorsal part of the medial amygdala, compared to control animals. (erowid.org)
  • Higher levels of iron deposition in the nucleus accumbens were associated with migraine progression and burden. (optometryadvisor.com)
  • Increased iron deposition in the putamen, caudate, and nucleus accumbens (NAC) was found in patients with migraine compared with healthy individuals, suggesting iron deposition in the NAC may be a biomarker for migraine. (optometryadvisor.com)
  • Cholinergic interneurons in the nucleus accumbens regulate depression-like behavior. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Decreased ventral tegmental area CB1R signaling reduces sign-tracking and shifts cue-outcome dynamics in rat nucleus accumbens. (neurotree.org)
Dorsal nucleus1
  • pCRII-TOPO-was linearized with (an (was linearized BIX 01294 with ((previously known as (previously known as (previously known as (commonly known as ((Hong (is definitely transcribed inside a bilaterally symmetric pattern throughout the dorsal nucleus of larval zebrafish (Fig. 1a) and is a useful marker for demarcating its boundaries. (healthyguide.info)
Basal nuclei1
  • The basal nuclei (formerly referred to as the basal ganglia) comprise the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. (medscape.com)
Motor nuclei1
  • Some nuclei are small and contribute to a single cranial nerve, such as some of the motor nuclei. (radiopaedia.org)
Pineal2
  • The part above the epithalamic sulcus remains small and forms the epithalamus which is represented by the habenular nuclei and the pineal body. (brainkart.com)
  • In front of the pineal diverticulum was a solid mass of cells with spherical nuclei. (edu.au)
Interpeduncular nucleus3
  • The habenular nuclei and the interpeduncular nucleus were dissected out and horizontal CUtB made, starting directly under the pia, from the dorsal aide of the brain for the habenulae, and from the ventral aide for the interpeduncular nucleus. (erowid.org)
  • Results The surface synaptic density in LSD-treated frogs was 52 0gher in the habenular nuclei and 45 0gher in the interpeduncular nucleus than in the control. (erowid.org)
  • The habenulo-inter-peduncular tract , Meynert's bundle ( A11 ), ter-minates in the interpeduncular nucleus ( A12 ) which is connected to various nuclei of the reticular formation. (brainkart.com)
Brainstem3
  • The hypothalamus receives many inputs from the brainstem , the most notable from the nucleus of the solitary tract , the locus coeruleus , and the ventrolateral medulla . (cloudfront.net)
  • Other nuclei, however, are long and span several regions of the brainstem contributing to several cranial nerves. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Several motor and sensory nuclei form longitudinal columns in the brainstem, leading to some authors describing them as single discontinuous longitudinal nuclear columns rather than the more numerous individual separate nuclei. (radiopaedia.org)
Amygdala1
  • The amygdala is a collection of nuclei that lies within the uncus. (medscape.com)
Lentiform nucleus1
  • A larger bundle curves posteriorly on each side and grooves the inferior surface of the lentiform nucleus to reach the temporal lobes. (howmed.net)
Stria terminalis1
  • Gyawali U , Martin DA, Sun F , Li Y , Calu D . Dopamine in the dorsal bed nucleus of stria terminalis signals Pavlovian sign-tracking and reward violations. (neurotree.org)
Glossopharyngeal nerve1
  • 6. Enumerate the functional components, nuclei, and branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve. (dentaldevotee.com)
Inferior1
  • The hypoglossal nuclei are located within the tegmentum of upper medulla close to the midline, lying deep to the hypoglossal trigone , or hypoglossal triangle, which is the medial eminence of the floor of the fourth ventricle , inferior to the stria medullaris 1 . (radiopaedia.org)
Hypoglossal nerve1
  • The hypoglossal nuclei , exist as paired nuclei within the medulla oblongata that provide motor innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (excluding palatoglossus) via the hypoglossal nerve . (radiopaedia.org)
Hypothalamus2
  • In mammals, magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus produce neurohypophysial hormones , oxytocin and vasopressin . (cloudfront.net)
  • Cross-section of the monkey hypothalamus displays two of the major hypothalamic nuclei on either side of the fluid-filled third ventricle. (cloudfront.net)
Afferent1
  • The cranial nerve nuclei are a series of bilateral grey matter motor and sensory nuclei located in the midbrain , pons and medulla that are the collections of afferent and efferent cell bodies for many of the cranial nerves . (radiopaedia.org)
Habenulae2
  • While many aspects of habenular BIX 01294 corporation appear conserved with rodents the zebrafish habenulae also possess unique properties that may underlie lateralization of their functions. (healthyguide.info)
  • Discrete asymmetric cholinergic and peptidergic subnuclei from the larval dorsal habenulae In mammals as defined above habenular subnuclei have already been identified based on neurotransmitter phenotype and neuronal connection. (healthyguide.info)
Tract1
Medulla1
  • Each nucleus is approximately 2 cm in length, extending beyond the limits of the hypoglossal trigone into the region of the closed medulla. (radiopaedia.org)
Putamen1
  • 001), putamen ( P = .002), parabrachial pigmented nucleus ( P = .003), habenular nuclei ( P = .017), and substantianigra pars compacta ( P = .018). (optometryadvisor.com)
Tegmentum1
  • Wernekinck c. the decussation of the brachia conjunctiva before their entrance into the red nucleus of the tegmentum . (en-academic.com)
Stimulation2
  • Detection of Fos protein expression by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method was used to determine the area in the habenular (Hb) complex responding to electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp in the cat anaesthetized with pentobarbital. (eurekamag.com)
  • Tooth pulp stimulation (intensity: 3 times the threshold for jaw-opening reflex) increased the number of positive neurones within the HbL by up to 300%, but did not induce any expression in the medical Hb nucleus. (eurekamag.com)
Spinal1
  • State the extent and subdivisions of the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. (dentaldevotee.com)
Superior1
  • The habenular trigone is a small depressed triangular area situated (sources differ) anterior/superior to the superior colliculus. (wikipedia.org)
Area1
  • In the red nucleus, small PrP Sc aggregates were observed in the suspected case (B) and in the BSE controls (D and F), whereas the same nucleus seem to be unaffected in the scrapie control despite evident PrP Sc deposits in the surrounding area. (cdc.gov)
Small1
  • is a part of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. (cloudfront.net)
Reward1
  • The role of the habenular nuclei in modulating fear and reward pathways has sparked a renewed desire for this conserved forebrain region. (healthyguide.info)
Found1
  • Marked differences between the right and left habenular nuclei were found in all cases, in the sense that the left one had a more lobate structure than its right counterpart. (mpg.de)