• Humans have no immunity to this strain, which is more virulent than the 1997 version that killed six people in Hong Kong. (genengnews.com)
  • However, in 1997 an avian influenza virus (H5N1) did infect both poultry and a few people in Hong Kong. (spacedaily.com)
  • Since 1997 there have been a few other instances of the avian influenza virus causing illness or death in people. (spacedaily.com)
  • That changed a few years ago with the 1997 outbreak in Hong Kong that later proved to be a form of AI that mutated and spread to cause human disease," he said. (spacedaily.com)
  • The H5N1 virus was first identified in Hong Kong in 1997 where it infected 18 people and caused six deaths. (who.int)
  • In the spring of 1997, an infant boy in Hong Kong died 12 days after contracting a respiratory illness. (ispub.com)
  • Since the first occurrence of HPAI H5N1 human cases in Hong Kong in 1997, the public health threat of high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has been a major global issue [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The chapter begins with a reconstruction of the descent of the virus that infected and killed humans in Thailand and Vietnam during the winter of 2003-2004 from the H5N1 virus first known to have infected humans (in Hong Kong in 1997). (nationalacademies.org)
  • Citing the bird-based Spanish Flu outbreak of 1920, and the H5N1 outbreak in Hong Kong in 1997, Gregor writes, "the worry is that the virus never stands still but is always mutating. (nypost.com)
  • Since March 1997, influenza activity has increased in the Southern Hemisphere, and outbreaks and epidemic level activity have been associated with both influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • 1.-" . . . . The emer-gence of the virus in 1997 in Hong Kong was eeri-ly pre-dict-ed by Kennedy Short-ridge, the sci-en-tist who would dis-cov-er it. (spitfirelist.com)
  • Almost always, because in Hong Kong (1997) and Vietnam (2004) there were cases of person-to-person transmission. (pravda.ru)
  • In an upcoming book presenting ethnographic research conducted in southern China in the last 12 years, I show that Hong Kong citizens have identified themselves with birds since 1997, the year when the former British colony returned to Chinese sovereignty and when the first cases of the influenza virus H5N1 emerged among humans and birds. (theconversation.com)
  • Disease relevance of na Although differing in their surface hemagglutinin and neuraminidase components, a notable feature of these H9N2 viruses is that the six genes encoding the internal components of the virus are similar to those of the 1997 H5N1 human and avian isolates. (wikigenes.org)
  • H5N1, identified for the first time in Hong Kong in 1997 , infected poultry farms in the East of France between 2005 and 2007 . (axa-research.org)
  • Costly precautionary measures were only imposed on farmers worldwide following the emergence of H5N1 in 1997. (axa-research.org)
  • Early 1997 strain of H5N1 avian influenza virus shows golden-brown in this electron micrograph. (earthfiles.com)
  • Currently, killing and incinerating H5N1-infected birds has been the first line of defense since 1997 when H5N1 first showed up in very ill Hong Kong patients. (earthfiles.com)
  • Ancestors of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses first emerged in southern China and led to large poultry outbreaks in Hong Kong in 1997, which resulted in 18 human infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Outbreak of avian infl uenza A(H5N1) virus hong-kong/health-environment/article/3126158/ infection in Hong Kong in 1997. (cdc.gov)
  • In 1997, the H5N1 virus first infected humans during an outbreak among poultry in Hong Kong. (dailynewsegypt.com)
  • Human infections of H5N1 were confirmed in Hong Kong (China) for the first time in 1997. (who.int)
  • These changes a similar to differences between the 1997 H5N1 from Hong Kong and 2004 H5N1 from Vietnam. (recombinomics.com)
  • Because of these large numbers of changes, the 1997 pandemic vaccine was not considered a candidate for development against the 2004 H5N1 outbreak. (recombinomics.com)
  • Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 (A/H5N1) is a subtype of the influenza A virus which can cause illness in humans and many other species. (wikipedia.org)
  • A risk factor for contracting the virus is handling of infected poultry, but transmission of the virus from infected birds to humans has been characterized as inefficient. (wikipedia.org)
  • Still, around 60% of humans known to have been infected with the Asian strain of HPAI A(H5N1) have died from it, and H5N1 may mutate or reassort into a strain capable of efficient human-to-human transmission. (wikipedia.org)
  • H5N1 may cause more than one influenza pandemic, as it is expected to continue mutating in birds regardless of whether humans develop herd immunity to a future pandemic strain. (wikipedia.org)
  • In general, humans who catch a humanized influenza A virus (a human flu virus of type A) usually have symptoms that include fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, conjunctivitis, and, in severe cases, breathing problems and pneumonia that may be fatal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sanmenxia Clade 2.3.2.1c-like H5N1 viruses possess the closest genetic identity to A/Alberta/01/2014 (H5N1), which recently caused a fatal respiratory infection in Canada with signs of meningoencephalitis, a highly unusual symptom with influenza infections in humans. (nature.com)
  • This virus was highly pathogenic in chickens and humans and posed a significant threat to public health. (nature.com)
  • There are three different types of influenza virus - A, B, and C. Type A viruses infect humans and several types of animals, including birds, pigs, and horses. (bcm.edu)
  • Since April 2014, new infections of H5N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) in humans and domestic poultry have caused considerable economic losses in the poultry industry and posed an enormous threat to human health worldwide. (frontiersin.org)
  • Highly pathogenic influenza A virus H5 subtype remains a risk for transmission in humans. (mdpi.com)
  • So far, little is known about how this virus evolves and adapts to infect humans. (mdpi.com)
  • Influenza viruses cause epidemic disease (influenza virus types A and B) and sporadic disease (type C) in humans. (medscape.com)
  • These studies also demonstrated, for the first time, that the H5N1 strain can infect humans directly without prior adaptation in a mammalian host. (who.int)
  • On rare occasions, these bird viruses can cross over and infect other species, including cats, pigs and humans and can be a potential cause of pandemics. (who.int)
  • So far, the virus has not acquired the ability to spread effectively among humans. (who.int)
  • The number of humans infected by H5N1 is increasing. (who.int)
  • The means by which it infected humans remains unknown, although direct transmission of the virus from birds to humans is suggested by the finding that all but one of the human cases had been exposed to live chickens during the days before their illness. (ispub.com)
  • The infection of humans with the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus variant served as a reminder of the ever-present threat of emergence in human populations of new influenza virus subtypes to which there is little or no pre-existing immunity. (ispub.com)
  • Avian influenza H5N1 virus is known to cross the species barrier and infect humans and felines. (flu.org.cn)
  • Not limited to poultry, the virus has also been shown to cross the species barrier infecting humans ( 1 ) and felines, including domestic cats ( 2 ) and tigers ( 3-5 ). (flu.org.cn)
  • Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the hemaggluttinin (HA) and neuraminadase (NA) genes of the dog´s virus showed that they were similar to those of H5N1 viruses isolated from tigers, chickens, ducks, and humans infected in Thailand during the same time that the dog was infected ( Figure 2A and B ). In addition, analysis of 6 other genes from KU-08 showed similar results (data not shown). (flu.org.cn)
  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A - H5N1 viruses have now appeared in about 60 countries causing devastating outbreaks in poultry with continued capacity to impact humans [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings indicate that domestic ducks in southern China played a central role in the generation and maintenance of H5N1 and that wild birds spread the virus across Asia, to the point where it is now endemic in the region-an ecological niche from which it now presents a long-term pandemic threat to humans. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Most bird flu viruses don't infect humans, but some strains - particularly H5N1 and H7N9 - can, in rare cases, spread to humans and cause serious illnesses. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Bird flu is transmitted to humans when these viruses, which are part of a group called avian influenza A viruses, travel from the saliva, mucus , or droppings of an infected bird into a person's eyes, nose, or mouth. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Humans can become infected by breathing in the virus, which can survive in air droplets or dust, or touching a surface that's harboring the virus and transferring it to eyes, nose, or mouth. (everydayhealth.com)
  • There have been a few cases of H5N1 in humans who've eaten food made with raw, contaminated poultry blood, but there's no evidence that people have been infected with bird flu from eating properly cooked poultry. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Bird flu in humans can be treated with antiviral drugs, which can hamper the viruses' ability to replicate and help people recover from the illness. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Ho Pak-leung, a microbiologist at the University of Hong Kong, said the new virus showed a higher ability to be transmitted rapidly from birds to humans and to spread geographically than an earlier deadly strain, H5N1, reported the South China Morning Post. (diamonds.net)
  • H5N1 didn't infect humans until Short-ridge and his col-leagues had been study-ing its human infec-tion poten-tial in their labs for sev-er-al years. (spitfirelist.com)
  • At the time, the nat-ur-al leap of a flu direct-ly from poul-try to humans was so improb-a-ble that sci-en-tists first sus-pect-ed that it was the result of con-t-a-m-i-na-tion from Shortridge's lab. (spitfirelist.com)
  • Ron] Fouch-i-er and [Yoshi-hi-ro] Kawaoka's now infa-mous gain-of-func-tion research showed that, through lab manip-u-la-tion, H5N1 could be altered to become high-ly trans-mis-si-ble among humans via air-borne infec-tion. (spitfirelist.com)
  • H5N1 has an average mortality rate of 58% in humans, making it a highly pathogenic disease. (pravda.ru)
  • However, Mr. Lubroth stated recently on UN Radio that "There is no indication that the new virus strain will behave differently than the previous one or that it is more dangerous to humans. (pravda.ru)
  • Majority of influenza A viruses reside and circulate among animal populations, seldom infecting humans due to host range restriction. (springer.com)
  • Further understanding and determining host tropism would be important in identifying zoonotic influenza virus strains capable of crossing species barrier and infecting humans. (springer.com)
  • This virus is very unusual in its high virulence for a broad spectrum of animals that occasionally includes humans? (scitizen.com)
  • The H5N1 virus can infect humans and other mammals, but with some difficulty. (scitizen.com)
  • In humans this H5N1 Z virus binds better to the cells in a region deep in the lung instead of the normal site of human influenza virus infection that targets infection to the epithelial lining of the major and minor airways. (scitizen.com)
  • The deadly H5N1 strain of avian (bird) influenza has become endemic in East Asia since 2003, when it first spread to humans and caused deaths in Hong Kong. (iseas.edu.sg)
  • Through their research Guan and Peiris established that live poultry markets in southern China and Hong Kong were the source of the virus spreading to humans, where it exhibited up to 60% lethality in infected persons. (gairdner.org)
  • The isolation and characterization of the causative agent of SARS as a novel coronavirus and quick development of a diagnostic test of the virus in humans directly influenced public health policy to effectively monitor and control the spread of the disease. (gairdner.org)
  • Bird flu (avian influenza/avian flu) is a disease caused by an influenza virus (H5N1) that primarily affects birds but can infect humans also. (medindia.net)
  • Bird flu in Brazil: Authorities are watching if the bird flu virus H5N1 is mutating into a form which can spread amongst humans. (medindia.net)
  • Instead of attacking the respiratory system, as the flu virus does in humans, it destroys the birds' digestive system. (axa-research.org)
  • However, health authorities fear that H5N8 could cross with H5N1, a virus that affects humans. (axa-research.org)
  • H5N1, however, can be transmitted directly from birds to humans. (axa-research.org)
  • Due to the great differences between these two host species, H5N1 provokes severe inflammatory reactions in humans, killing two-thirds of infected people. (axa-research.org)
  • Thus, when the H5N2 virus, highly pathogenic in birds but not transmissible to humans, was discovered in Pennsylvania in 1983, the US Department of Agriculture ordered the slaughter of 17 million poultry . (axa-research.org)
  • But what worries authorities is the virus's persistence and increasing virulence, killing infected birds within 24 hours and killing some humans within five days who have picked up the virus from birds. (earthfiles.com)
  • Cao Bao Van, Director of the Molecule Biology Department of the Pasteur Institute, which is Vietnam's bird flu research center, reported this weekend that DNA analysis of 24 samples of the H5N1 virus taken from poultry and humans showed significant changes of the deadly virus's surface proteins, known as "antigen variation. (earthfiles.com)
  • Increased monitoring for H5N1 illness in humans. (earthfiles.com)
  • Can bird flu viruses infect humans? (dailynewsegypt.com)
  • The only subtypes known to be able to cross the species barrier to humans are H5N1 and H7N9. (dailynewsegypt.com)
  • This virus is highly pathogenic in chickens, but it also causes very severe infections in humans. (who.int)
  • 7 If this virus acquires transmissibility among humans and becomes a pandemic virus, it may have devastating health and social impacts. (who.int)
  • Experts believe that the increasing outbreaks of influenza A (H5N1) among poultry and humans have moved the world closer to a pandemic than any time since 1968. (who.int)
  • The world is currently in Phase 3 of the six-phase pandemic alert system, in which a new influenza virus subtype is causing disease in humans, but is not yet spreading efficiently and in a sustained way among humans. (who.int)
  • Most cases of avian influenza in humans have been caused by Asian strains H5N1 and H7N9, but other types have also caused some human infections. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Humans can become infected with avian influenza viruses through inhalation of or direct contact with secretions (saliva, mucous, or feces) from infected birds. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It is likely that avian influenza viruses of any antigenic specificity can cause influenza in humans whenever the virus acquires mutations, enabling it to attach to human-specific receptor sites in the respiratory tract. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, in 2003 and 2004, H5N1 infections in humans reappeared, and occasional cases continue to be reported, primarily in Asia and the Middle East. (msdmanuals.com)
  • After introduction, the viruses became endemic in detected in poultry on farms and in markets in Hong Kong some countries, causing repeated poultry outbreaks and despite intensive surveillance. (cdc.gov)
  • Although research to associated outbreaks in poultry, early and aggressive in- has shown that clade 2.3.4 viruses are established in poul- tervention measures prevented these viruses from becom- try in Asia, the emergence of clade 2.3.2 viruses in nonpas- ing endemic in poultry, and no human cases were detected serine birds from Hong Kong, Japan, and Russia raises the ( 2 , 10 - 13 ). (cdc.gov)
  • outbreaks of disease in wild and captive birds in Pen- fold and Kowloon Parks, Hong Kong, in late 2002 and in Highly pathogenic avian infl uenza (HPAI) viruses 2003 ( 14 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Eleven outbreaks of H5N1 were reported worldwide in June 2008, in five countries (China, Egypt, Indonesia, Pakistan and Vietnam) compared to 65 outbreaks in June 2006, and 55 in June 2007. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hopefully, the knowledge gained in response to the H5N1 and 2009 H1N1 outbreaks, and continued research to more completely understand influenza virus, as well as improvements in vaccine and drug development, will enable us to minimize the effects of future influenza outbreaks. (bcm.edu)
  • 18 cases, six of them fatal, coincided with outbreaks of infection due to highly pathogenic H5N1 virus in domestic poultry on farms and in live markets. (who.int)
  • With new reports of H5N1 virus continuing across Asia, Europe, and Africa, this finding highlights the need for monitoring of domestic animals during outbreaks. (flu.org.cn)
  • During that pandemic, the government killed 1.3 million chickens in an attempt to eliminate the virus - but there have since been two more outbreaks between 2003 and 2009 outside of China. (nypost.com)
  • During April, the Czech Republic reported outbreaks of influenza A(H1N1) virus among schoolchildren. (cdc.gov)
  • Initially, preseason isolates and outbreaks in June among school-aged children were associated with influenza B viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • She was appointed to the role after her success in Hong Kong battling outbreaks of the H5N1 virus and SARS. (diplomaticourier.com)
  • The establishment of the role of wild game animal markets in the transmission of the virus was pivotal in the decision by local Guangdong authorities to discontinue such markets to prevent future outbreaks of this or another emerging zoonosis. (gairdner.org)
  • In France, following the discovery of 12 outbreaks of the H5N8 virus in domestic poultry and wild birds, the French minister for agriculture raised the flu risk level to "high", triggering containment measures to protect farms. (axa-research.org)
  • There have been eight H5N1 outbreaks in china so far, but so far no human cases have been reported. (earthfiles.com)
  • Since then, APHIS has identified 247 HPAI A(H5N1) outbreaks among commercial poultry or backyard bird flocks in 29 states involving more than 35 million birds. (cdc.gov)
  • These poultry outbreaks were controlled, but HPAI A(H5N1) viruses were not eradicated in birds, and the virus reassorted and reemerged in 2003 to spread widely in birds throughout Asia, and later in Africa, Europe, and the Middle East, causing sporadic human infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Since then, dozens of countries in Asia, Africa and Europe have reported H5N1 outbreaks. (dailynewsegypt.com)
  • Over a 3-week period in late June/early July 2023, Poland experienced an outbreak caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus in cats. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • The causative agent behind this outbreak was identified as H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV). (nature.com)
  • Due to the geographical location of Sanmenxia, these novel H5N1 viruses also have the potential to be imported to other regions through the migration of wild birds, similar to the H5N1 outbreak amongst migratory birds in Qinghai Lake during 2005. (nature.com)
  • Every few decades or so, a new version of the influenza virus emerges in the human population that causes a serious global outbreak of disease called a pandemic . (bcm.edu)
  • Investigations launched by that outbreak, including studies in molecular biology and epidemiology, helped elucidate the mechanisms by which pandemic viruses emerge and further clarified the conditions that favour such an event. (who.int)
  • We report a fatal H5N1 infection in a dog following ingestion of an H5N1-infected duck during an outbreak in Thailand in 2004. (flu.org.cn)
  • A focal H5N1 outbreak in poultry was reported from Manipur, a north-eastern state, of India, in 2007. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The first outbreak of the H5N1 virus in India was reported from Maharashtra in January 2006 [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Hong Kong outbreak, which originated in a bird market, "started with a three-year-old boy in Hong Kong, whose sore throat and tummy ache turned into a disease that curdled his blood and killed him within a week from acute respiratory and organ failure. (nypost.com)
  • Influenza A(H1N1) viruses were isolated infrequently worldwide, except in Europe, where 14 countries reported sporadic * isolations, and a late-season outbreak in April affected children in the Czech Republic. (cdc.gov)
  • It was setup as a result of the outbreak in Hong Kong. (vadscorner.com)
  • With the huge influenza A virus reservoir in wild birds, it is a cause for concern when a new influenza strain emerges with the ability to cross host species barrier, as shown in light of the recent H7N9 outbreak in China. (springer.com)
  • This is highlighted by confirmed cases of human infections by highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses, and more recently, the H7N9 outbreak in China [ 5 ]. (springer.com)
  • Although this process can take a period of months it s never failed to control the outbreak (although the Mexican trails with HPAI H5N2 avian influenza have been somewhat protracted since the mid 1990 s) whereas in Asia, since 2003, the virus has spread into new countries that are beyond China s borders. (scitizen.com)
  • Drs. Guan and Peiris began collaborating at The University of Hong Kong in the aftermath of the H5N1 avian flu outbreak in Hong Kong. (gairdner.org)
  • Guan and Peiris' investigations into the emergence and evolution of animal influenza H5 strains (and other H and N subtypes) and their role in identifying the SARS coronavirus, mode of transmission, risk factors, virus infectivity and period of infectivity, and identifying the original animal source were critical in the successful response to the outbreak. (gairdner.org)
  • Authorities in a part of southern China close to Hong Kong lifted a quarantine Tuesday that had been imposed on a village after an outbreak of the deadly H5N1 strain of bird flu there, state media said. (medindia.net)
  • China's agricultural ministry has confirmed an outbreak of bird flu among ducks in the south of the country, Hong Kong's health secretary announced Monday. (medindia.net)
  • In response to the outbreak, Hong Kong slapped a 21-day ban on imports of all live poultry, eggs and chilled or frozen meat from farms near the affected area. (medindia.net)
  • On February 9, 2022, USDA APHIS confirmed the first outbreak of HPAI A(H5N1) virus in a commercial turkey flock in Indiana [2]. (cdc.gov)
  • The outbreak of the COVID-19 virus in 2019 had rapidly developed into a global pandemic, causing more than 6.8 million deaths and impacting the. (annals.edu.sg)
  • These results should be helpful in determining how long the premises should be left vacant after an outbreak of these viruses has occurred in poultry houses. (bungenas.se)
  • In 2014, the US also reported an outbreak of the virus. (dailynewsegypt.com)
  • Influenza viruses constantly mutate, and epidemiologists are concerned that the avian influenza virus could infect a person who has a human influenza strain, creating a new mutant flu strain to develop that could spread easily from person to person. (spacedaily.com)
  • Respiratory viruses infect the human upper respiratory tract, mostly causing mild diseases. (mdpi.com)
  • The illness was later identified as influenza and traced to a variant of Influenza A virus H5N1, previously known to infect only birds. (ispub.com)
  • Most influenza A viruses are restricted to their host species, having limited capability to cross species barrier and infect a new host. (springer.com)
  • This general ability to infect and kill a broad spectrum of avian and mammalian species is very unusual even in highly pathogenic avian influenza virus which can kill one or two species but not this broad range of poultries or wild birds. (scitizen.com)
  • During this period, no viruses of subtype H5N1 were ( 4 - 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Japan and South Korea), despite the repeated intro- showed that these isolates belonged to 2 antigenically dis- duction of subtype H5N1 viruses that have occasionally led tinct virus groups: clades 2.3.4 and 2.3.2. (cdc.gov)
  • However, a HPAIV of the H5N1 subtype killed thousands of bar-headed geese ( Anser indicus ), great black-headed gulls ( Larus ichthyaetus ) and brown-headed gulls ( Larus brunnicephalus ) in Qinghai Lake, China during May 2005 9 , 12 . (nature.com)
  • So, for example, a virus with version 1 of the HA protein and version 2 of the NA protein would be called influenza A subtype H1N2 (A H1N2, for short). (bcm.edu)
  • So far, the majority of the human H5N1 (haemagluttinin type 5 and neuraminidase subtype 1) infections have been linked to close contact with infected domestic birds during home slaughtering, de-feathering, butchering and preparation for cooking. (who.int)
  • A shift in the predominant circulating virus subtype from H1N1 to H2N2 in 1957, for example, ignited a pandemic that resulted in approximately 70,000 excess deaths (that is, deaths exceeding the number expected when an epidemic is not present) in the United States alone. (ispub.com)
  • Influenza virus was isolated from lung, liver, kidney, and urine specimens, and the viral subtype was determined to be H5N1 by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR ( 6 ). (flu.org.cn)
  • genes from some influenza A viruses of the N1 subtype. (wikigenes.org)
  • Infection with a virus of one subtype confers little or no protection against viruses of other subtypes. (canada.ca)
  • In response, we examined the viral distribution and mRNA expression profiles of immune-related genes in chickens infected with both viruses. (frontiersin.org)
  • The increasing number of fatal cases due to H5N1 infections prompted the government of Hong Kong to initiate policies forbidding the slaughtering of live chickens or other poultry in wet markets [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hong Kong scientists say they have created a GM rice that provides protection for chickens from the bird flu virus, reports Earth Times . (thepoultrysite.com)
  • Such an identification was highly ambivalent, since it could focus either on domestic chickens, which were slaughtered by the millions in an attempt to blunt the spread of the disease, or on wild birds, suspected to carry viruses, although they were rarely infected because they carry the virus asymptotically. (theconversation.com)
  • Moreover, the H5N1 virus itself, the Z lineage that we re talking about here, is unusual too because it s altering its genetics as time goes on, and in certain forms is killing ducks, in certain forms is not, in most of its forms it can kill chickens as well as all sorts of other avian species. (scitizen.com)
  • China reported on November 11, more H5N1 infections of poultry there that killed 300 chickens in Liaoning Province northeast of Beijing. (earthfiles.com)
  • That set off loud alarm bells in the world medical community and the Hong Kong government had more than a million chickens destroyed. (earthfiles.com)
  • 20th December 2011 - 17,000 Chickens killed due to H5N1 virus in Hong Kong . (les2temoinsdelapocalypse.info)
  • The unprecedented panzootic dead wild birds in Hong Kong, People's Republic of Chi- caused by the HPAI viruses (H5N1) has been mediated by na, periodically detected highly pathogenic avian infl uenza the movement of poultry and poultry products and, in some (HPAI) viruses (H5N1) in individual birds from different spe- instances (e.g., clade 2.2 viruses), by wild bird migration cies. (cdc.gov)
  • H5N1) viruses isolated from dead wild birds in Hong Kong (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • HPAI viruses (H5N1) were fi rst observed to cause lished in wild birds. (cdc.gov)
  • According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, H5N1 pathogenicity is gradually continuing to rise in endemic areas, but the avian influenza disease situation in farmed birds is being held in check by vaccination, and there is "no evidence of sustained human-to-human transmission" of the virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, this virus was shown to be highly pathogenic to both birds and mammals and demonstrate tropism for the nervous system. (nature.com)
  • In 2006, a Qinghai-like Clade 2.2 virus re-emerged in Qinghai Lake and caused more infections in wild birds, including bar-headed geese and great black-headed gulls. (nature.com)
  • The Qinghai-like Clade 2.2 virus was found to possess a high genetic relationship with viruses isolated from other countries on the migratory flyway of wild birds 4 , suggesting that the migration of wild birds played an important role in circulating H5N1 HPAIV viruses between the different avian populations. (nature.com)
  • The avian influenza virus (H5N1), in Hong Kong, was the first known instance of the avian influenza virus being transmitted directly from birds to people and causing severe illness and death. (spacedaily.com)
  • The viruses usually are not a problem in these wild birds, but they can be a problem in domestic poultry. (spacedaily.com)
  • Typically, avian influenza viruses that affect poultry and other birds do not affect people. (spacedaily.com)
  • Avian influenza is an infectious disease of birds caused by type A strains of the influenza virus. (who.int)
  • As of mid-June 2006, 54 countries, worldwide, confirmed the presence of H5N1 in domestic and wild birds. (who.int)
  • H5N1 did not appear to spread efficiently from person to person, and no additional cases of human infection were reported after the authorities mandated the destruction of all 1.6 million birds in Hong Kong. (ispub.com)
  • The acquisition of polymorphisms as seen in recent isolates of 2005-07 from distinct geographical regions suggests the possibility of transportation of H5N1 viruses through migratory birds. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Influenza A(H5N1), a strain of influenza virus that usually infects only birds, was isolated from a 3-year-old child in Hong Kong who died in May of multiple complications including Reye syndrome during an acute respiratory illness. (cdc.gov)
  • There has nev-er been an H5N1 pan-dem-ic and no human infec-tion with H5N1 bird flu has ever been iden-ti-fied in the U.S. That's an extra-or-di-nary safe-ty record, giv-en how filthy U.S. fac-to-ry farms and slaugh-ter-hous-es are and how fast the infec-tion spreads among crowd-ed birds. (spitfirelist.com)
  • However, it has not yet been tested outside the laboratory or on live birds because of safety concerns over the virus which has killed 248 people since 2003, according to figures of the World Health Organisation. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • From a virus stand point, a life cycle always begins with receptor binding to susceptible the cell, the specificity of the virus receptor interactions are a component of host range, and so it s known that human influenza viruses bind to receptors that are slightly different from those sialic acid containing receptors that are in birds. (scitizen.com)
  • Meanwhile, Bulgaria has a new case in domestic birds, not yet confirmed H5N1, and the Canadian goose infection on Prince Edward Island has never been confirmed as H5N1 due to a lab accident (but it is H5 and the four geese died. (typepad.com)
  • Since then, billions of birds have been slaughtered, and around 500 people have died of this virus. (axa-research.org)
  • Kuwait and other Middle East countries have feared the spread of H5N1 into their territories by migrating birds. (earthfiles.com)
  • But even though killing and incinerating infected birds has been standard operating procedure for nearly ten years, the H5N1 virus has continued to spread through migratory birds. (earthfiles.com)
  • Between November 1st and 2nd in Russia, two more birds died from H5N1, bringing the total in that country to more than 4,000 bird deaths - either from the H5N1 virus or slaughtering. (earthfiles.com)
  • Not only is the latest bird flu virus more virulent in lab animal tests, it seems to be increasing its virulence among wild water birds. (earthfiles.com)
  • Recently scientists announced that the 1918 virus also originated in birds and has similarities to the H5N1 now spreading through migratory birds. (earthfiles.com)
  • Starting in January, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) detected highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus in wild birds in the United States followed by multiple detections in U.S. commercial poultry and backyard bird flocks [1,2]. (cdc.gov)
  • During January 13, 2022, through April 27, 2022, USDA APHIS reported more than 899 detections of wild birds infected with HPAI A(H5N1) virus in 33 states [1]. (cdc.gov)
  • But any influenza A virus may cause bird flu - it only has to adapt itself to birds as a host. (dailynewsegypt.com)
  • As H5N1 approaches Europe and the summering migratory birds in northern China and southern Russia prepare to head south to recombine with endemic H5N1 in areas like southeast Asia and probably China and India, there is considerable cause for concern. (recombinomics.com)
  • But the H7N9 and H5N1 viruses have become resistant to the antiviral drugs amantadine (Gocovri) and rimantadine (Flumadine) . (everydayhealth.com)
  • There is no known remedy for H7N9, and a Hong Kong expert has warned that the new strain is particularly dangerous. (diamonds.net)
  • They have made major contributions towards understanding the emergence, transmission, epidemiology and pathogenesis of highly pathogenic avian influenzas including H5N1, H9N2, H6N1, H7N9, H5Nx and others and have provided evidence-based options for control of avian influenza viruses in Asia. (gairdner.org)
  • Unlike other types of flu, H5N1 and H7N9 usually do not spread between people. (dailynewsegypt.com)
  • HPAI viruses (H5N1) to areas otherwise free from the vi- posing a persistent potential pandemic threat ( 7 - 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Experts have identified key events (creating new clades, infecting new species, spreading to new areas) marking the progression of an avian flu virus towards becoming pandemic, and many of those key events have occurred more rapidly than expected. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Due to the high lethality and virulence of HPAI A(H5N1), its endemic presence, its increasingly large host reservoir, and its significant ongoing mutations, in 2006, the H5N1 virus has been regarded to be the world's largest pandemic threat, and billions of dollars are being spent researching H5N1 and preparing for a potential influenza pandemic. (wikipedia.org)
  • About a decade ago, scientists and public health officials feared that we might be on the brink of a pandemic caused by the so-called avian or bird H5N1 flu that began circulating among poultry, ducks, and geese in Asia and spread to Europe and Africa. (bcm.edu)
  • To date, the avian flu virus has not acquired to ability to spread easily from person to person - a necessary step in order for a virus to cause a pandemic. (bcm.edu)
  • Although the 2009 H1N1 pandemic did not turn out to be as deadly as initially feared, the next pandemic flu virus could emerge at any time, and we must remain vigilant. (bcm.edu)
  • There are several unknowns, however, including when or whether a pandemic will occur and, if so, the level of reassortment that may take place as the virus crosses interspecies barriers. (genengnews.com)
  • The culling within three days of the entire poultry population of Hong Kong SAR is thought to have averted a pandemic on that occasion. (who.int)
  • 2. With the confirmation of avian influenza in some countries of the African Region early this year, the risk of human infection due to the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 will persist, as will the threats of occurrence of an influenza pandemic. (who.int)
  • Although minor antigenic drift in the human influenza virus A occurs continuously, a major shift in its surface protein antigens H or N can trigger a worldwide influenza pandemic because of absence of population immunity. (zetatalk.com)
  • The lack of sustained human-to-human transmission suggests that H5N1 avian virus does not currently have the capacity to cause a human pandemic. (zetatalk.com)
  • In his new book, " How to Survive a Pandemic ," Dr. Michael Gregor, a scientist and physician who once testified for Oprah Winfrey in her "meat defamation" trial, warns that an apocalyptic virus emanating from overcrowded and unsanitary chicken farms has the potential to wipe out half of humanity. (nypost.com)
  • The fear among the scientific community is that it is a case of if and not when, the virus makes the species jump from bird to human or from bird to pig to human and then cause a worldwide pandemic. (pravda.ru)
  • While much knowledge regarding the virus has been discovered, we are still no closer to having the ability to predict the next pandemic, such as in the case of 2009 H1N1 pandemic. (springer.com)
  • The 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic resulted in fewer fatalities than had been feared because the virus passed via swine, rendering it less lethal. (axa-research.org)
  • How many animals should be slaughtered in order to protect populations against a potential virus pandemic? (axa-research.org)
  • Crossing the species barrier to mammals highlights the pandemic potential of H9N2 virus. (scialert.net)
  • The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to the ongoing worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Similarly, during the 2009-2010 novel influenza A H1N1 pandemic, preliminary data from a limited number of states indicated a high prevalence of virus strains resistant to oseltamivir. (medscape.com)
  • 4 Therefore, influenza surveillance in the Region is critical in monitoring antigenic changes of seasonal influenza and detecting viruses with pandemic potential. (who.int)
  • Therefore, both pandemic vaccine and H5N1 anti-viral data indicate significantly more work is required and the existing treatments will do little to blunt a raging pandemic. (recombinomics.com)
  • If this virus acquires the ability to spread efficiently from human to human, all of the prerequisites for an influenza pandemic will be fulfilled. (who.int)
  • The objectives of the WHO global influenza preparedness plan are to reduce opportunities for human infection, strengthen the early warning system to early detect emergence of a pandemic virus and contain or delay spread at the source. (who.int)
  • As of 31 March 2015, H5N1 virus caused at least 826 laboratory-confirmed human infections, including 440 deaths across 16 countries 2 . (nature.com)
  • The dog´s owner stated that the dog had eaten duck carcasses from an area with reported HPAI H5N1 infections in ducks. (flu.org.cn)
  • He said the pattern of infections so far pointed to "one alarming conclusion - it may be a bigger health threat that H5N1. (diamonds.net)
  • Their subsequent work established new protocols for periodic live poultry market closures, emptying markets of poultry overnight to reduce virus amplification within these markets and the appropriate use of poultry vaccines to protect both poultry and people in Hong Kong from H5N1 infections. (gairdner.org)
  • Most subtypes of avian influenza that have caused human infections are H5, H7, and H9 viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The influenza A subtypes are further classified into strains, and the names of the virus strains include the place where the strain was first found and the year of discovery. (bcm.edu)
  • Worldwide, there are many strains of the avian influenza virus that cause varying degrees of illness in poultry. (spacedaily.com)
  • Prototype strains of viruses type A and B differed during the 10-year and antisera were provided by the WHO period (Figure 2). (who.int)
  • Even in nonpandemic years and in years when less pathogenic strains predominate, the influenza virus is a major cause of death and debilitation. (ispub.com)
  • Considering that all eight genes of the earlier Indian isolates belonged to the EMA3 sublineage and similar strains have not been reported from neighbouring countries of the subcontinent, it appears that the virus may have been introduced independently. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, features from all 11 proteins were used to construct a combined model to predict host tropism of influenza virus strains. (springer.com)
  • Similar to H5N1 strains, this further affirms the potential of avian influenza strains capable of directly infecting human, causing severe illnesses. (springer.com)
  • They initiated seminal studies of the underlying causes of H5 virus pathogenicity, the evolution of the H5N1 virus, and developed a highly effective monitoring and surveillance program of avian and swine influenza strains. (gairdner.org)
  • Some avian H9 viruses have acquired receptor binding characteristics typical of human strains, increasing the potential for reassortment in both human and pig respiratory tracts ( Suzuki, 2005 ). (scialert.net)
  • Since the 2005-2006 influenza season, amantadine and rimantadine are no longer recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) because circulating strains of influenza virus have proved resistant. (medscape.com)
  • Several strains of viruses can be responsible. (dailynewsegypt.com)
  • Because seasonal influenza viruses are constantly changing, vaccine strains should be updated to ensure the closest possible match with circulating strains. (who.int)
  • 3 Many viruses isolated in the Region have been recommended as vaccine strains by WHO. (who.int)
  • Because all influenza viruses are capable of rapid genetic change, avian strains could possibly acquire the ability to spread more easily from person-to-person via direct mutation or via reassortment of genome subunits with human strains during replication in a human, animal or, avian host. (msdmanuals.com)
  • As the influenza season approaches, health officials remain concerned about the H5N1 strain of avian flu. (genengnews.com)
  • Vaccine manufacturers are well-along in developing vaccines to combat the H5N1 strain of avian flu. (genengnews.com)
  • The NIAID began a Phase I trial for vaccines combating the H5N1 strain of avian influenza, which was isolated from the virus that erupted in Southeast Asia in 2004. (genengnews.com)
  • This has been fuelled by the report of a parrot infected by the H5N1 strain of avian influenza in the United Kingdom this week. (zetatalk.com)
  • HPAI (H5N1) virus ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The scale of HPAI H5N1 virus infection in cats in Poland is worrying. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • However, HPAI H5N1 viruses reappeared in 2003, spread across continents, and sickened 826 patients from 2003 to March 31, 2015 [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has spread across Asia, Europe, and Africa. (flu.org.cn)
  • Here, we report a case of HPAI H5N1 infection in a domestic dog following ingestion of the carcass of an infected duck. (flu.org.cn)
  • Gross and microscopic lesions from dog infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1. (flu.org.cn)
  • It s been very difficult to control and we are getting more new countries added to the list of those infected with the HPAI H5N1 Z- lineage as time goes on. (scitizen.com)
  • Increased insight into the mechanisms of influenza virus replication combined with advances in the science of rational drug design have resulted in the development of the neuraminidase inhibitors, a new class of medicines that promise significantly to impact the management of influenza. (ispub.com)
  • The neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir is the first antiviral specifically developed to combat both influenza A and influenza B viruses. (ispub.com)
  • Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (A) and neuraminidase (B) gene sequences of the H5N1 influenza virus isolated from a dog´s lung. (flu.org.cn)
  • Disease relevance of NA Structure of the neuraminidase gene in human influenza virus A/ PR/ 8/ 34. (wikigenes.org)
  • High impact information on NA This was indicated by the ability of viruses bearing the H2- hemagglutinin glycoprotein, regardless of its associated neuraminidase, to induce lymphocyte proliferation in normal spleen cell suspensions and by the ability of antisera with specificity for the H2- hemagglutinin. (wikigenes.org)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) now classifies these viruses according to the proteins found on their surface: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), which determine the way viruses enter and exit targeted cells. (axa-research.org)
  • Influenza A viruses are classified into subtypes on the basis of two surface antigens: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). Three subtypes of hemagglutinin (H1, H2 and H3) and two subtypes of neuraminidase (N1 and N2) are recognized among influenza A viruses that have caused widespread human disease. (canada.ca)
  • The neuraminidase stalks regions in these viruses had no deletion as compared to that A/Dk/HK/ Y280/97 lineage (Ck/Bei-like viruses) and the 2 human isolates A/HK/1073/99, A/HK/1074/99. (scialert.net)
  • The hemadsorbing site of neuraminidase had up to 3 amino acid substitutions and is different from those of earlier Iranian viruses. (scialert.net)
  • Avain Influenza (AI) is a highly contagious disease caused by type A influenza viruses which have negative-sense, single-stranded genomes that encode at least ten proteins including two surface glycoproteins [haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)], nucleoprotein (NP), three polymerase proteins [polymerase basic (PB1), (PB2) and polymerase acidic (PA)], two matrix (M1 and M2) proteins and two non-structural (NS1 and NS2) proteins. (scialert.net)
  • Zanamivir and oseltamivir are members of a class of drugs termed neuraminidase inhibitors and are active against both influenza virus type A and type B. They are approved for both prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. (medscape.com)
  • Oseltamivir is an inhibitor of neuraminidase, which is a glycoprotein on the surface of the influenza virus that destroys the infected cell's receptor for viral hemagglutinin. (medscape.com)
  • By inhibiting viral neuraminidase, release of viruses from infected cells and viral spread are decreased. (medscape.com)
  • N is the abbreviation for neuraminidase, a protein that is required for virus replication. (dailynewsegypt.com)
  • The novel virus, commonly called swine flu, is named influenza A (H1N1). (bcm.edu)
  • Unlike the avian H5N1 flu, the H1N1 swine flu is capable of being transmitted easily from person to person. (bcm.edu)
  • Fortunately, however, H1N1 is far less deadly than the H5N1 virus. (bcm.edu)
  • In only a few short weeks after emerging in North America, the new H1N1 virus reached around the world. (bcm.edu)
  • Fortunately, this happens only rarely-Spanish flu in 1918-9 (H1N1 virus), Asian flu in 1957-8 (H2N2), and Hong Kong flu in 1968-9 (H3N2). (zetatalk.com)
  • Most isolations reported from sporadic cases in South Africa during June-August were influenza A(H3N2), but influenza A(H1N1) and influenza B viruses also were detected. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, Hong Kong reported sporadic isolation of influenza A(H1N1) virus during June-August. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza B viruses continue to predominate in China, although isolation of influenza A(H3N2) was reported during April, and influenza A(H1N1) was reported during April and May. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza A viruses have predominated overall, with both influenza A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) circulating. (canada.ca)
  • H stands for hemagglutinin, it binds the virus to cells in the respiratory tract, for example. (dailynewsegypt.com)
  • The aim of this study was to genetically characterize the Manipur isolate to understand the relationship with other H5N1 isolates and to trace the possible source of introduction of the virus into the country. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It was distinctly different from viruses of the three EMA sublineages of clade 2.2 but related to isolates from wild migratory waterfowl from Russia, China and Mongolia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Complete genome sequencing of the H5N1 isolates of 2006 revealed that all eight genes belonged to the sublineage EMA3 of the clade 2.2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • and T.M. Ellis, K. Dyrting, W. Wong, P. Li, and C. Li of the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation of Hong Kong for their support of field work, and W. Lim, for virus isolates. (nationalacademies.org)
  • In Japan, at the end of a season predominated by influenza A(H3N2) viruses, the number of influenza B isolates increased and peaked during March. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC received isolates of influenza B virus from sporadic cases each month from March to June. (cdc.gov)
  • Mexico reported isolates of influenza B virus in March. (cdc.gov)
  • Since late 2003, there has been widespread transmission of H5N1 among poultry, starting in Asia and later spreading into other regions including Europe, the Middle East and Africa. (who.int)
  • Full-scale production of a vaccine that could prevent any illness at all from the strain would require at least three months after the virus's emergence to begin, but it is hoped that vaccine production could increase until one billion doses were produced by one year after the initial identification of the virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • So far, the NIH has ordered 8,000 investigational doses based on the H5N1 virus from Sanofi Pasteur , and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has ordered two million doses of bulk vaccine. (genengnews.com)
  • HONG KONG - Using genetically modified (GM) rice, scientists believe thay may be able to produce poultry feed with a vaccine against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). (thepoultrysite.com)
  • In Canada, two available measures can reduce the impact of influenza: immunoprophylaxis with inactivated (killed-virus) vaccine and chemoprophylaxis or therapy with influenza-specific antiviral drugs. (canada.ca)
  • The SARS epidemic in Hong Kong: what lessons vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 74 ] The vaccine viruses recommended by the World Health Organization and the CDC for the 2014-2015 northern hemisphere influenza season are the same as those for the northern hemisphere 2013-2014 influenza season and 2014 southern hemisphere season. (medscape.com)
  • Doctors at these centers drew blood from the volunteers to document that they had no antibody to A(H5N1) before they received the first of two injections of the vaccine. (recombinomics.com)
  • The amount of an individual virus required in the human flu vaccine is 15 micrograms. (recombinomics.com)
  • A borderline response also raises concerns about utility of the vaccine against an evolving H5N1. (recombinomics.com)
  • Influenza pandemics from its genetic offspring may include influenza A virus subtypes other than H5N1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type A influenza is classified into subtypes depending on which versions of two different proteins are present on the surface of the virus. (bcm.edu)
  • Since 2003, multiple highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) H5 subtypes, including H5N1, H5N2, H5N6, and H5N8, have generated severe epidemics and thus not only tremendous economic losses in the domestic poultry industry, but also serious threats to human health worldwide ( Jhung and Nelson, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicated it was positive for influenza A virus but negative for contemporary seasonal human H1pdm09 and H3 influenza A virus subtypes. (cdc.gov)
  • These two proteins determine the subtypes of Influenza A virus. (eenzyme.com)
  • The presence of the H5N1 virus in Africa is of great concern to human and animal health due to several factors requiring urgent action by Member States. (who.int)
  • Many references to "bird flu" and H5N1 in the popular media refer to this strain. (wikipedia.org)
  • The symptoms of bird flu typically begin within two to five days after catching the virus. (everydayhealth.com)
  • To diagnose bird flu, a healthcare professional will take a swab from a person's nose or throat and send the sample to a lab, which can use a molecular test to detect the virus. (everydayhealth.com)
  • The average incubation period of bird flu H5N1 is two to five days, though it can last up to 17 days. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Raymond Ng, director of Yokee Hong Diamonds Jewellery Ltd., said the potential return of a bird-flu virus is the biggest worry to the diamond and jewelry business in Hong Kong. (diamonds.net)
  • This does not mean, however, that a human version of H5N1 would have the same highly pathogenic characteristics of the strain which is essentially Avian or Bird Flu. (pravda.ru)
  • and the FAO fears that the virus circulation in Vietnam could spread the virus to neighbouring countries - the two Koreas, Japan, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Malaysia while wild bird migration could spread the virus further afield. (pravda.ru)
  • Bird market in Hong Kong. (theconversation.com)
  • Indonesia's mortality rate from bird flu surpassed Vietnam on Thursday, giving it the sobering distinction of the country with the highest number of human deaths from H5N1. (typepad.com)
  • The H5N1 strain of bird flu has killed about 200 people and ravaged poultry flocks worldwide since 2003, according to the World Health Organisation. (medindia.net)
  • November 13, 2005 Washington, D. C. - The Centers for Disease Control and World Health Organization confirm that the 21st person has been infected with H5N1 bird flu in Thailand. (earthfiles.com)
  • So far, twenty-one people in Thailand have been infected by the H5N1 bird flu and 13 have died. (earthfiles.com)
  • On Friday, November 11, the fear was realized when a flamingo found on a Kuwaiti beach was confirmed to have the H5N1 deadly strain of bird flu - the first known case in the Arab world. (earthfiles.com)
  • Now scientists in Vietnam, where bird flu has killed 42 people, report their investigation shows the H5N1 avian flu virus has "mutated into a more dangerous form that could breed more effectively in mammals. (earthfiles.com)
  • But such surface protein changes can lead to human-to-human transmission of the bird flu virus, similar to what happened in 1918 when the Spanish Flu killed more than 50 million people around the planet. (earthfiles.com)
  • A person has tested positive for avian influenza A(H5) virus (H5 bird flu) in the U.S., as confirmed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and reported by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment on April 28, 2022. (cdc.gov)
  • This case occurred in a person who had direct exposure to poultry and who was involved in the culling (depopulating) of poultry with presumptive H5N1 bird flu. (cdc.gov)
  • Authorities in southern Germany have discovered the H5N2 bird flu virus on a poultry farm. (dailynewsegypt.com)
  • It can spread easily among domestic poultry like chicken and turkeys and if they contract more serious forms of the virus most animals will die of bird flu. (dailynewsegypt.com)
  • Which viruses cause bird flu? (dailynewsegypt.com)
  • Dozens of bird-infecting influenza virus variants are known. (dailynewsegypt.com)
  • GD) lineage have spread to more than 60 countries across markets and on some chicken farms in Hong Kong ( 14 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Image taken during the virus' first developmental passage through a chicken egg. (medscape.com)
  • Medical authorities think the child contracted the deadly virus from three fighting cocks and a chicken kept at the family's home in Bangkok. (earthfiles.com)
  • Since the FDA approved method of antigen preparation involves growing the reverse engineered virus in chicken eggs, the number of eggs currently limits supply . (recombinomics.com)
  • This limitation may be exacerbated by poor growth of the virus, which has a tendency to kill the chicken embryo. (recombinomics.com)
  • In previous research using gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis, we reported that H5N6 AIV isolated in February 2015 (ZH283) in Pallas's sandgrouse was highly similar to that isolated in a human in December 2015 (A/Guangdong/ZQ874/2015), whereas a virus (i.e. (frontiersin.org)
  • Also worrying is the mutant strain of the virus found in the People's Republic of China and parts of northern and central Vietnam. (pravda.ru)
  • The unrest in Hong Kong began in March 2019 after the city's governor, Carrie Lam, introduced a bill that would allow citizens to be extradited to the People's Republic of China, of which Hong Kong is part under special administrative status with a high degree of autonomy. (theconversation.com)
  • Genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that this Sanmenxia H5N1 virus was a novel reassortant, possessing a Clade 2.3.2.1c HA gene and a H9N2-derived PB2 gene. (nature.com)
  • 90% similar to those of A/Quail/Hong Kong/G1/97 (H9N2) lineage. (scialert.net)
  • H9N2 viruses circulate widely in the Middle East and are associated with serious disease in poultry. (scialert.net)
  • As of October 3, 2016, at least 856 cases of human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in 16 countries had been reported to the World Health Organization, among which 452 had ended in death, for an apparent case fatality rate of 52.8% ( WHO, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Human Cases of Avian Influenza A ( H5N1 ) Infection Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China, 2003. (vadscorner.com)
  • Influenza became a major public health agenda in most countries and areas in the Region, mainly because of the threat posed by highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1). (who.int)
  • 1 , 2 Influenza caused by the H5N1 variant eventually spread to at least 18 Hong Kong residents and caused 6 deaths. (ispub.com)
  • the epidemics of "Asian" influenza in 1957 and "Hong Kong" influenza in 1968 together resulted in an estimated 1-4 million deaths. (who.int)
  • Influenza viruses are highly contagious and can cause seasonal epidemics, manifesting as an acute febrile illness with variable degrees of severity, ranging from mild fatigue to respiratory failure and death. (medscape.com)
  • Influenza viruses cause a broad array of respiratory illnesses responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in children. (medscape.com)
  • ABSTRACT To better understand the annual distribution of influenza virus in our country, we isolated and typed 45 viruses from 1043 patients with acute respiratory illnesses in a 10-year study conducted by the National Influenza Centre of the Islamic Republic of Iran The seasonal distribution of influenza typically ran from November to April. (who.int)
  • Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System? (mdpi.com)
  • Respiratory viruses can also exacerbate asthma and lead to various types of respiratory distress syndromes. (mdpi.com)
  • In 2003, following the emergence of novel coronavirus, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) in China, Peiris led the team that first identified the virus responsible for the syndrome, the SARS-CoV-1 coronavirus, elucidating its pathogenesis, transmission, and quickly developed a diagnostic test which was then shared internationally. (gairdner.org)
  • Person-to-person transmission of influenza virus occurs through droplets from the respiratory tract that are spread by direct contact, through coughing or sneezing, or by hands contaminated with respiratory secretions. (canada.ca)
  • A second respiratory specimen from the same patient was collected on April 26, 2022, and tested negative for influenza viruses on April 27, 2022, by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Laboratory Services. (cdc.gov)
  • Whether the detection of H5 virus in the original respiratory specimen is a result of transient surface contamination of the individual's nasal passages or represents infection, cannot be determined at this point. (cdc.gov)
  • These individuals are being monitored for symptoms and additional respiratory specimens are being obtained and re-tested for influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Avian influenza virus was isolated from poultry farms with history of respiratory illness and increased mortality. (scialert.net)
  • We performed next generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of detected viruses in cats. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • Here, we performed a time-resolved phylogenetic analysis of 129 HA sequences representing all 1891 available H5N8 viruses collected from 2010 to 2020. (mdpi.com)
  • Phylogenetic analysis HA and NA genes showed that they share a common ancestor Qa/HK/G1/97 isolate which had contributed internal genes of H5N1 virus. (scialert.net)
  • Phylogenetic inference of SARS-CoV-2 revealed that the genetic diversity of Cambodian viruses resulted from multiple independent introductions from diverse regions, predominantly, Eastern Asia, Europe, and Southeast Asia. (cdc.gov)
  • Regardless of novel LPAI or HPAI virus reassortants that pose public health risks, prompt and clear risk communication focusing on both correct information about AIVs and the most appropriate preventive measures are important for effective prevention of human infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The purpose of this HAN Health Advisory is to notify public health workers, clinicians, and the public of the potential for human infection with this virus and to describe the CDC's recommendations for patient investigation and testing, infection control including the use of personal protective equipment, and antiviral treatment and prophylaxis. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza viruses change easily and often, they are unpredictable, and they can be deadly. (bcm.edu)
  • The rice contains genetic material from the traditional Chinese medicine plant called yuzhu, which has been found to inhibit the growth of viruses such as the deadly H5N1. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • The World Health Organization-sanctioned laboratory in Hong Kong confirmed that a 44-year-old man who died last week was infected with the deadly virus, Health Ministry senior official Nyoman Kandun said. (typepad.com)
  • Rarely, the virus also can spread from person to person. (everydayhealth.com)
  • More rarely, the virus has spread from person-to-person, but this type of transmission has been limited, and does not seem to happen easily. (everydayhealth.com)
  • By encouraging protesters to spread rapidly when police arrive, the Hong Kong movement has adopted a fluid conception of collective action that is deeply inscribed in the Chinese tradition. (theconversation.com)
  • During these last months, we ve assisted to the spread of the H5N1 virus across much of the globe. (scitizen.com)
  • The biggest risk for the Asia-Pacific region is the one that faces the world as a whole: if the H5N1 virus changes into a strain that can spread easily from person to person and has a high infection and death rate, it will be difficult, if not impossible, to stop. (iseas.edu.sg)
  • H5N1 causes a zoonosis , meaning it can be transmitted between different species after having spread in an animal reservoir displaying few or no symptoms. (axa-research.org)
  • So far, the H5N1 virus mutations have not made it possible for the virus to spread in human sneezing and coughing. (earthfiles.com)
  • At least two past pandemics, Asian Flu in 1957 and Hong Kong Flu in 1968, are believed to have been originated from the Region. (who.int)
  • Therefore, further investigation and monitoring is required to prevent this novel reassortant virus from becoming a new threat to public health. (nature.com)
  • Then, even more alarmingly, 34 human cases of H5N1 avian influenza-a highly pathogenic flu that has ravaged poultry stocks in several Asian countries-were confirmed in Thailand and Vietnam. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The chapter continues with descriptions of the approach taken by two countries most severely affected by the H5N1 epidemic: Thailand and Vietnam. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Meet H5N1 - 2.3.2.1, which has appeared in the PR China and Vietnam. (pravda.ru)
  • The virus has never been completely eradicated from Vietnam, PR China, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia and Egypt and these are the countries the FAO considers as being the most at risk. (pravda.ru)
  • By mid-November 2005, the virus had infected at least 125 people in Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia and Cambodia, killing about half of them. (iseas.edu.sg)
  • The above data was generated using younger adults injected with a 2004 reverse engineered version of H5N1 from Vietnam. (recombinomics.com)
  • The identified viruses belong to clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype CH (H5N1 A/Eurasian wigeon/Netherlands/3/2022-like). (eurosurveillance.org)
  • Characterization of the complete genome revealed that the virus belonged to clade 2.2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The problem develops when those viruses mutate into highly pathogenic viruses and cause severe losses in poultry. (spacedaily.com)
  • The flu virus' ability to mutate and cross the species barrier was discovered in the 1960s. (axa-research.org)
  • There is always the danger that the virus will quickly mutate. (dailynewsegypt.com)
  • In Europe, Japan, and North America, influenza A(H3N2) viruses predominated, but influenza B viruses were more commonly isolated by the end of the season (1). (cdc.gov)
  • China, Iran, and Israel), influenza B viruses were isolated more frequently than influenza A(H3N2) viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • In Madagascar, increased activity during May was associated with influenza B viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • In Hong Kong, during April-July, influenza A(H3N2) viruses were more frequently isolated than influenza B viruses, which had predominated during January-March. (cdc.gov)
  • As in Europe, influenza B viruses were isolated more frequently than influenza A(H3N2) viruses after mid-February. (cdc.gov)
  • Although influenza B viruses have shown more antigenic stability than influenza A viruses, antigenic variation does occur. (canada.ca)
  • As a popular shopping destination, Hong Kong's economy is heavily dependent on the millions of visitors who stream into the region from Mainland China, as well as other countries, to spend their money on hotels, restaurants and luxury goods such as jewelry. (diamonds.net)
  • That's less an alarm about high pathogenic H5N1 being in North America (not yet, though low path variants circulate)and more of one about our patchwork surveillance system (hit and miss). (typepad.com)
  • The virus detected in the white stork presented one of those mutations (627K), which suggests that the virus that had spilled over to cats was already partially adapted to mammalian species. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • It is always a great concern when a new flu virus emerges, because the general population does not have immunity and almost everyone is susceptible to infection and disease. (bcm.edu)
  • Since most the human population does not have immunity to such viruses, global epidemics with significant impact, i.e. influenza pandemics, have occurred in the past. (who.int)
  • So far, however, only one human-to-human transmission of the H5N1 virus (in Thailand) has been documented. (genengnews.com)
  • H5N1 viruses were isolated from the dog´s lung tissue and designated A/Dog/Thailand/KU-08/04. (flu.org.cn)
  • H5N1 Avian Flu Has Infected 21st Person in Thailand. (earthfiles.com)
  • A large number of influenza A viruses naturally reside in avian species where they constantly circulate and evolve. (springer.com)
  • The study reports documented cases of A (H3N8) avian influenza viruses crossing species boundaries and affecting a range of mammals, including dogs and horses. (medindia.net)
  • 1 In addition to seasonal influenza epidemics, antigenically distinct viruses originating from animal species tend to emerge in the human population every 10 to 40 years. (who.int)
  • Several H5N1 vaccines have been developed and approved, and stockpiled by a number of countries, including the United States (in its National Stockpile), Britain, France, Canada, and Australia, for use in an emergency. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, LPM-workers protected themselves less from AI viruses (AIVs) and had lower acceptance of human or avian influenza vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A team of scientists have reported that preparing vaccines and therapeutics that target a future mutant strain of H5N1 influenza virus may be possible now. (medindia.net)
  • Stockpiling anti-virals and vaccines that might work against the H5N1 virus. (earthfiles.com)
  • Kong Special Administrative Region, China. (who.int)
  • The rise reflects increased demand for these categories in China, Hong Kong and other Asia Pacific regions," said Vipul Shah, chairman of India's Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC). (diamonds.net)
  • The team comprises scientists from Hong Kong and mainland China working at the university State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • When the Hong Kong protesters subvert a Maoist slogan to protest against a regime that claims to be fulfilling Mao's dream of a unified and developed China, they are borrowing from a tradition that belongs to the long history of China . (theconversation.com)
  • The virus has so far infected at least 25 people in China, 16 of whom died. (medindia.net)
  • The World Health Organization reported in the spring of 2005 that at least 6,000 wild migratory geese at a nature reserve in central China, suddenly died from an H5N1 strain. (earthfiles.com)
  • Recent studies conducted in Hong Kong (China) and Singapore indicated that influenza has a high disease burden in tropical and subtropical climates. (who.int)
  • The corona virus (2019-nCoV OR HCOV-19 or CoV2), has emerged in China as the main cause of viral pneumonia (COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease-19). (bvsalud.org)
  • Senegal reported isolation of several influenza A(H3N2) viruses during March and April. (cdc.gov)
  • Germany also reported postseason isolation of influenza A(H3N2) viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • This was followed several years later by the first isolation of a HPAI virus, A/Brescia/1902 (H7N7). (scitizen.com)
  • The NA genes of H3N2 viruses used for primary infection or vaccination. (wikigenes.org)
  • HA is the major surface antigen of the influenza viruses, against which neutralizing antibodies are elicited during virus infection and vaccination. (eenzyme.com)