H5n1 virus. Medical search. Frequent questions

Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 (A/H5N1) is a subtype of the influenza A virus which can cause illness in humans and many other species. (wikipedia.org)
However, a HPAIV of the H5N1 subtype killed thousands of bar-headed geese ( Anser indicus ), great black-headed gulls ( Larus ichthyaetus ) and brown-headed gulls ( Larus brunnicephalus ) in Qinghai Lake, China during May 2005 9 , 12 . (nature.com)
The team performed two tests for influenza A virus H5 subtyping: IAV and H5 subtype hemagglutinin gene targeted-RT-PCR and the H5 subtype clade 2.3.4.4b-targeted RT-PCR for the North American, Eurasian, and Mexican lineages of the virus. (news-medical.net)
Virus subtype H5N1 of Avian influenza was Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) that infected animals and human and showed disturbances in all organs (multi-organ), included the reproductive organs. (unair.ac.id)
Novel (new) subtype of human influenza A virus. (who.int)
Clades can be further divided into sub-clades , and subclades (e.g. 2.3.4.4b ) into genotypes ( and variants within genotypes ), producing a myriad of quasi-similar viruses - sometimes with differing characteristics (see Differences In Virulence Between Closely Related H5N1 Strains ) - but still often referred to (outside of scientific journals ) as a single subtype. (blogspot.com)
Simply put, you can't tell an HxNx virus by its subtype alone. (blogspot.com)

CDC is actively working on the domestic situation with clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and poultry outbreaks, including conducting surveillance among people with relevant exposures and preparing for the possibility that contemporary HPAI A(H5N1) viruses gain the ability for increased transmissibility to people. (cdc.gov)
H5 candidate vaccine viruses (CVV) produced by CDC are expected to provide good protection against current clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in birds and mammals. (cdc.gov)
Clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI A(H5N1) viruses emerged in 2020 and were introduced into North America in late 2021 [ 1,2 ] and have spread to Central and South America, resulting in wild bird infections (in terrestrial, seabird, shorebird, and migratory species) and poultry outbreaks in many countries [ 3-8 ]. (cdc.gov)
Globally, this 2.3.4.4b clade of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses has become widespread causing record numbers of bird outbreaks in wild, backyard, village, and farm birds. (cdc.gov)
Genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that this Sanmenxia H5N1 virus was a novel reassortant, possessing a Clade 2.3.2.1c HA gene and a H9N2-derived PB2 gene. (nature.com)
Sanmenxia Clade 2.3.2.1c-like H5N1 viruses possess the closest genetic identity to A/Alberta/01/2014 (H5N1), which recently caused a fatal respiratory infection in Canada with signs of meningoencephalitis, a highly unusual symptom with influenza infections in humans. (nature.com)
In 2006, a Qinghai-like Clade 2.2 virus re-emerged in Qinghai Lake and caused more infections in wild birds, including bar-headed geese and great black-headed gulls. (nature.com)
The Qinghai-like Clade 2.2 virus was found to possess a high genetic relationship with viruses isolated from other countries on the migratory flyway of wild birds 4 , suggesting that the migration of wild birds played an important role in circulating H5N1 HPAIV viruses between the different avian populations. (nature.com)
In a recent study published in the CDC's Emerging Infectious Diseases journal, researchers characterized the pathophysiology of infection by the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) viral organism belonging to the Eurasian lineage and 2.3.4.4b clade in non-domesticated terrestrial animals across the United States (US) between 1 April and 21 July 2022. (news-medical.net)
The team built phylogenetic interpretation trees and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) tables using a reference including six segments from the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus and two from non-domesticated avian viruses from the northern regions of America. (news-medical.net)
The identified viruses belong to clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype CH (H5N1 A/Eurasian wigeon/Netherlands/3/2022-like). (eurosurveillance.org)
The detected virus was identified as having a clade 2.3.4.4b and was determined to be the same genotype as circulating in wild birds in South America. (poultrymed.com)
Characterization of the complete genome revealed that the virus belonged to clade 2.2. (biomedcentral.com)
It was distinctly different from viruses of the three EMA sublineages of clade 2.2 but related to isolates from wild migratory waterfowl from Russia, China and Mongolia. (biomedcentral.com)
Complete genome sequencing of the H5N1 isolates of 2006 revealed that all eight genes belonged to the sublineage EMA3 of the clade 2.2. (biomedcentral.com)
The identified viruses belong to clade 2.3.4.4b, which is responsible of the ongoing epizootic in Europe . (bvsalud.org)
All of which brings us to a fascinating, and detailed, look at the growing diversity of avian H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses around the world. (blogspot.com)
H5N1 avian influenza viruses bearing the clade 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin gene have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 70 million domestic poultry in Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America since October 2020. (blogspot.com)
H5N1 viruses bearing the clade 2.3.4.4b HA gene have become the predominant strains causing global avian influenza outbreaks since October 2021. (blogspot.com)
Regional and country-specific analyses are important as case fatality, demographic characteristics, seasonality and the clade or subclade of viruses have been observed to vary across regions. (who.int)

As of January 2012, HPAI H5N1 virus caused 577 laboratory-confirmed human cases of infection, of which 340 were fatal. (flutrackers.com)
This study aimed to characterise the identified virus and investigate possible sources of infection. (eurosurveillance.org)
Viruses from cats were very similar to each other, indicating one common source of infection. (eurosurveillance.org)
The scale of HPAI H5N1 virus infection in cats in Poland is worrying. (eurosurveillance.org)
The aim of this study was proved that the infection H5N1 virus in long tail monkey (Macaca fascicularis) could be reduced the percentage of sperm motility and life. (unair.ac.id)
During November 2014-April 2015, a total of 165 case-patients with influenza virus A(H5N1) infection, including 6 clusters and 51 deaths, were identified in Egypt. (cdc.gov)
H5N1 infection in wild birds does not trigger trade bans, based on guidelines of the World Organization for Animal Health. (strategicpipa.org)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in farmed minks, Spain, October 2022. (bvsalud.org)
extract in preventing the infection of H5N1 virus through liver and kidney histopathologycal discriptions. (ipb.ac.id)
This research used Cobb strain of Broiler which were devided into 4 groups included K1 (extract treatment), K2 (no extract treatment and no virus infection), P1 (extract treatment and virus infection), and P2 (virus infection). (ipb.ac.id)
Some evidence indicates that H5N1 may cause fewer symptoms in ducks, making them a potential reservoir for infection and spread by migratory flocks. (medscape.com)
H1N1) 2009 virus infection, with approximately 18 500 reported deaths. (who.int)
In most countries of the Region, cases of pandemic (H1N1) virus infection were initially identified in urban centres following introduction of the virus through travellers coming from affected countries. (who.int)
Since the first confirmed human infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus was reported in Hong Kong SAR (China) in 1997, sporadic zoonotic avian influenza viruses causing human illness have been identified globally with the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region as a hotspot. (who.int)
The pandemic potential of avian influenza viruses gained larger recognition in 1997 when the first known human infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus was reported in Hong Kong SAR (China). (who.int)
Patients with herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection or gonococcal upper airway disease also benefit from specific treatment. (medscape.com)

Experts have identified key events (creating new clades, infecting new species, spreading to new areas) marking the progression of an avian flu virus towards becoming pandemic, and many of those key events have occurred more rapidly than expected. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Due to the high lethality and virulence of HPAI A(H5N1), its endemic presence, its increasingly large host reservoir, and its significant ongoing mutations, in 2006, the H5N1 virus has been regarded to be the world's largest pandemic threat, and billions of dollars are being spent researching H5N1 and preparing for a potential influenza pandemic. (wikipedia.org)
H5N1 may cause more than one influenza pandemic, as it is expected to continue mutating in birds regardless of whether humans develop herd immunity to a future pandemic strain. (wikipedia.org)
However, a mutant virus combining Q196R with mutations from previous pandemic viruses (Q226L and G228S) revealed predominantly α2-6 binding. (nih.gov)
Whether this virus may acquire the ability to be transmitted via aerosols and cause a future pandemic has been a matter of intense debate in the influenza field and in public health research communities. (flutrackers.com)
These data indicate that the pseudotype baculovirus-mediated vaccine could be utilized as an alternative strategy against the pandemic spread of H5N1 influenza virus. (unboundmedicine.com)
If the true picture is confirmed, the new H5N1 variant poses the greatest threat to human health since the pandemic of 2002-03, when hundreds of people in Asia died. (throdl.com)
Just five mutations could make the deadly H5N1 avian influenza into a pandemic virus, controversial research on ferrets suggests. (sciencenews.org)
These five changes aren't the only ones that could turn H5N1 into a pandemic virus, but may tell researchers the types of mutations they should look out for. (sciencenews.org)
This term refers to human influenza viruses that have haemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens that are distinct from seasonal influenza viruses and have the potential to cause a pandemic. (who.int)
These are commercial institutions that develop and produce human influenza vaccines for seasonal, H5N1 and other influenza subtypes with pandemic potential. (who.int)
In late April 2009, a novel influenza virus emerged in humans--pandemic (HIN1) 2009--and spread rapidly across the world. (who.int)
All the countries in the Region were provided with PCR diagnostic kits for diagnosis of novel pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus. (who.int)
2 Co-circulation of influenza A viruses in human and animal reservoirs in shared habitats provides opportunities for these viruses to reassort and acquire a genetic composition that could facilitate sustained human-to-human transmission with potential pandemic consequences. (who.int)
Similarly, during the 2009-2010 novel influenza A H1N1 pandemic, preliminary data from a limited number of states indicated a high prevalence of virus strains resistant to oseltamivir. (medscape.com)

Eleven outbreaks of H5N1 were reported worldwide in June 2008, in five countries (China, Egypt, Indonesia, Pakistan and Vietnam) compared to 65 outbreaks in June 2006, and 55 in June 2007. (wikipedia.org)
However, because of the potential for influenza viruses to rapidly evolve and the wide global prevalence of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and poultry outbreaks, continued sporadic human infections are anticipated. (cdc.gov)
Over 17,000 animal outbreaks of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses were reported by 80 member countries to the World Organisation for Animal Health since January 2022. (cdc.gov)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A - H5N1 viruses have now appeared in about 60 countries causing devastating outbreaks in poultry with continued capacity to impact humans [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
PHITSANULOK, July 27 (TNA) - Following confirmation of the latest bird flu case in Thailand, Agriculture and Cooperatives Minister Sudarat Keyuraphan Thursday ordered agencies responsible for bird flu control to intensify their examination for the avian influenza virus in the country's lower North, especially areas having previous experiences of bird flu outbreaks. (dailytalkforum.com)
Outbreaks of the deadly and highly virulent avian flu virus have been detected at two Sonoma County. (yahoo.com)
Just as our current H5N1 epizootic differs greatly from the H5N1 outbreaks of a decade ago . (blogspot.com)
In poultry and wild birds, A(H5N1) and A(H5N6) subtypes were the most widely distributed, with outbreaks reported from 10 and eight countries and areas, respectively. (who.int)
Avian influenza viruses occur naturally among wild aquatic birds and cause occasional outbreaks in domestic poultry and other animal species. (who.int)
As of September 2017, outbreaks associated with A(H5N1) viruses in domestic poultry and wild birds have occurred in more than 60 countries, and sporadic human infections with A(H5N1) viruses have been reported in 16 countries. (who.int)

By in vitro selection for binding α2-6 sialosides, we identified four variant viruses with amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin (S227N, D187G, E190G, and Q196R) that revealed modestly increased α2-6 and minimally decreased α2-3 binding by glycan array analysis. (nih.gov)
However, a reassortant virus with the mutant hemagglutinin, a human N2 neuraminidase and internal genes from an H5N1 virus was partially transmitted via respiratory droplets. (nih.gov)
In this study, baculovirus pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein was used as a vector to express the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus, A/Chicken/Hubei/327/2004 (HB/327). (unboundmedicine.com)
The humoral immune response plays an important role in the defense against theseviruses, providing protection mainly by producing antibodies directed against the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein.However, their high genetic variability allows the virus to evade the host immune response and the potential protectionoffered by seasonal vaccines. (uninsubria.it)
Influenza viruses are broadly categorized by their two surface glycoproteins - hemagglutinin ( HA ) and neuraminidase ( NA ) - hence we often talk about seasonal H1N1 or H3N2, or avian H5N1 or H9N2 viral subtypes. (blogspot.com)
These serotypic differences result in much of the species specificity due to differences in the receptor usage (specifically sialic acid, which binds to hemagglutinin and which is cleaved by neuraminidase when the virus exits the cell). (medscape.com)
Oseltamivir is an inhibitor of neuraminidase, which is a glycoprotein on the surface of the influenza virus that destroys the infected cell's receptor for viral hemagglutinin. (medscape.com)

A risk factor for contracting the virus is handling of infected poultry, but transmission of the virus from infected birds to humans has been characterized as inefficient. (wikipedia.org)
Still, around 60% of humans known to have been infected with the Asian strain of HPAI A(H5N1) have died from it, and H5N1 may mutate or reassort into a strain capable of efficient human-to-human transmission. (wikipedia.org)
In general, humans who catch a humanized influenza A virus (a human flu virus of type A) usually have symptoms that include fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, conjunctivitis, and, in severe cases, breathing problems and pneumonia that may be fatal. (wikipedia.org)
To date, few changes in HPAI A(H5N1) viruses of public health concern have been identified and such changes have differed between various HPAI A(H5N1) viruses circulating in wild birds and poultry worldwide or that have sporadically infected humans. (cdc.gov)
This virus was highly pathogenic in chickens and humans and posed a significant threat to public health. (nature.com)
According to the ministry, H5N1 is a flu virus that infects birds and can be transmitted from infected birds to other birds and rarely from birds to humans. (phnompenhpost.com)
Acquisition of α2-6 sialoside receptor specificity by α2-3 specific highly-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (H5N1) is thought to be a prerequisite for efficient transmission in humans. (nih.gov)
The complex changes required for airborne transmissibility in ferrets suggest that extensive evolution is needed for H5N1 transmissibility in humans. (nih.gov)
Once again, severe neurological symptoms were noted, which have been increasingly linked to HPAI H5 infections (see Cell: The Neuropathogenesis of HPAI H5Nx Viruses in Mammalian Species Including Humans ). (flutrackers.com)
We have this newer variant of Nipah virus, and this new variant has the capacity to become transmissible between humans," said Maria Cristina Cirigliano, deputy director of the WHO epidemic response cluster. (throdl.com)
Since it first appeared widely in humans in 2003, the H5N1 virus has infected more than 650 people in 15 countries, killing nearly 60 percent of them. (sciencenews.org)
Among their findings, they report that H5N1 viruses are becoming better adapted to mammals ( something we've discussed often, including here, here , and here ) , and could become more dangerous to humans over time. (blogspot.com)
The strain previously considered the greatest threat was H5N1, mostly because of the high associated mortality rate (up to 60%) in infected humans. (medscape.com)
Although all strains of influenza A virus naturally infect birds, certain strains can infect mammalian hosts such as pigs and humans. (medscape.com)
[ 4 ] A reassorted H5N1 virus has been reported in the United States among wild birds but is not considered a threat to humans. (medscape.com)
A resurgence of A(H5N1) occurred in humans and animals in November 2003. (who.int)
7 In addition to A(H5N1), other novel zoonotic influenza viruses infecting humans have emerged, including A(H5N6), A(H7N9), A(H10N8), A(H6N1) and a novel A(H1N2) variant. (who.int)
Most cases of avian influenza in humans have been caused by Asian strains H5N1 and H7N9, but other types have also caused some human infections. (msdmanuals.com)
Humans can become infected with avian influenza viruses through inhalation of or direct contact with secretions (saliva, mucous, or feces) from infected birds. (msdmanuals.com)
It is likely that avian influenza viruses of any antigenic specificity can cause influenza in humans whenever the virus acquires mutations, enabling it to attach to human-specific receptor sites in the respiratory tract. (msdmanuals.com)
However, in 2003 and 2004, H5N1 infections in humans reappeared, and occasional cases continue to be reported, primarily in Asia and the Middle East. (msdmanuals.com)

One strain of HPAI A(H5N1) is spreading globally after first appearing in Asia. (wikipedia.org)
The global HPAI situation significantly improved in the first half of 2008, but the FAO reports that imperfect disease surveillance systems mean that occurrence of the virus remains underestimated and underreported. (wikipedia.org)
HPAI A(H5N1) is considered an avian disease, although there is some evidence of limited human-to-human transmission of the virus. (wikipedia.org)
A small number of sporadic human cases of A(H5N1) have been identified since 2022, despite the panzootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and poultry. (cdc.gov)
Nearly all reported human cases since 2022 were associated with poultry exposures, and no cases of mammal-to-human or human-to-human transmission of HPAI A(H5N1) virus have been identified. (cdc.gov)
In a few cases, the source of exposure to HPAI A(H5N1) virus was unknown. (cdc.gov)
To date, HPAI A(H5N1) viruses currently circulating in birds and poultry, with spillover to mammals, and those that have caused human infections do not have the ability to easily bind to receptors that predominate in the human upper respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)
Therefore, the current risk to the public from HPAI A(H5N1) viruses remains low. (cdc.gov)
Because influenza viruses are constantly changing, CDC performs ongoing analyses of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses to identify changes that might allow for spread more easily to and between people, cause serious illness in people, reduce susceptibility to antivirals, affect the sensitivity of diagnostic assays, or reduce neutralization of the virus by vaccine induced antibodies. (cdc.gov)
Comprehensive surveillance and readiness efforts are ongoing, and CDC continually takes preparedness measures to be ready in case the risk to people from HPAI A(H5N1) or other novel influenza A viruses changes. (cdc.gov)
Since 2005, HPAI A(H5N1) viruses have undergone extensive genetic diversification including the formation of hundreds of genotypes following reassortment with other avian influenza A viruses. (cdc.gov)
HPAI A (H5N1) has spread over Europe and the US from October 2021 onward. (news-medical.net)
In the present study, researchers presented a series of cases to highlight the pathophysiology of spontaneous HPAI H5N1 infections among terrestrial wild animals in the US, which coincided with elevated levels of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in circulation among non-domesticated avian species during summer and spring of 2022. (news-medical.net)
Since its first detection in 1997, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus has devastated the poultry industry of numerous countries of the Eastern Hemisphere. (flutrackers.com)
Over a 3-week period in late June/early July 2023, Poland experienced an outbreak caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus in cats. (eurosurveillance.org)
We report and describe infections by HPAI H5N1 virus in 2 black bears (Ursus americanus) found in Quebec, Canada, during the summer of 2022. (flutrackers.com)
In October 2022, an outbreak in Europe of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) in intensively farmed minks occurred in northwest Spain . (bvsalud.org)

Influenza pandemics from its genetic offspring may include influenza A virus subtypes other than H5N1. (wikipedia.org)
In the winter of 2021-2022, multiple subtypes (H5N8 and H5N1) of high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) were confirmed to be circulating simultaneously in Japan. (flu.org.cn)
Influenza virus subtypes. (who.int)
Most subtypes of avian influenza that have caused human infections are H5, H7, and H9 viruses. (msdmanuals.com)

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, H5N1 pathogenicity is gradually continuing to rise in endemic areas, but the avian influenza disease situation in farmed birds is being held in check by vaccination, and there is "no evidence of sustained human-to-human transmission" of the virus. (wikipedia.org)
Environmental water-derived G2a HPAIV, A/water/Tottori/NK1201-2/2021 (H5N8), has unique polymerase basic protein 1 and nucleoprotein genes, similar to those of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs). (flu.org.cn)
The 13 H5N1 viruses isolated in China belong to the G1, G7, G9, and G10 genotypes, and viruses of all four of these genotypes replicated efficiently in multiple organs of mice, although their pathogenicity varied among strains. (blogspot.com)
Mutation at the 42nd residue within the RNA-binding domain (RBD) of NS1 dramatically changes the degree of pathogenicity of H5N1 in mice. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)

H5N1 was first reported to cause severe human disease in 1997 in an outbreak among infected chickens on Hong Kong Island. (medscape.com)

As of 31 March 2015, H5N1 virus caused at least 826 laboratory-confirmed human infections, including 440 deaths across 16 countries 2 . (nature.com)
Furthermore, we describe its protective activity in mice after lethalchallenge with H1N1 and H5N1 viruses suggesting a potential application in the treatment of influenza virus infections. (uninsubria.it)
Between November 2003 and September 2017, WHO received reports of 1838 human infections with avian influenza viruses A(H5N1), A(H5N6), A(H6N1), A(H7N9), A(H9N2) and A(H10N8) in the Western Pacific Region. (who.int)
Most of the infections were with A(H7N9) ( n = 1562, 85%) and A(H5N1) ( n = 238, 13%) viruses, and most ( n = 1583, 86%) were reported from December through April. (who.int)
6 Thereafter, the number of countries reporting human infections with A(H5N1) virus increased, especially between 2003 and 2008. (who.int)
In immunocompromised patients, treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and cytomegalovirus infections may be appropriate, especially if lower airway disease is suspected. (medscape.com)

On 17 April 2023, the US CDC provided information on the genomic analysis of the samples from the first human infected with avian influenza A(H5N1) in Chile. (poultrymed.com)

Continued comprehensive surveillance of these viruses in wild birds, poultry, mammals, and people worldwide, and frequent reassessments are critical to determine the public health risk, along with ongoing preparedness efforts. (cdc.gov)
In the United States, USDA APHIS monitors for avian influenza viruses in wild, commercial, and backyard birds. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, this virus was shown to be highly pathogenic to both birds and mammals and demonstrate tropism for the nervous system. (nature.com)
Due to the geographical location of Sanmenxia, these novel H5N1 viruses also have the potential to be imported to other regions through the migration of wild birds, similar to the H5N1 outbreak amongst migratory birds in Qinghai Lake during 2005. (nature.com)
The virus, comparable to those found in Eurasian strains, was identified in the US in December of 2021 and spread to domesticated animals and non-domestic birds. (news-medical.net)
Cross-neutralization test revealed that G2a H5N8 HPAIVs were antigenically distinct from a G2b H5N1 HPAIV, suggesting that antibody pressure in wild birds was involved in the transition of the HPAIV groups during the season. (flu.org.cn)
The acquisition of polymorphisms as seen in recent isolates of 2005-07 from distinct geographical regions suggests the possibility of transportation of H5N1 viruses through migratory birds. (biomedcentral.com)
This observation indicates that this virus, which was first observed in migratory birds, is now well established in the nesting sites of colonial seabirds. (healthywildlife.ca)
Monitoring the mortalities associated with this virus in these populations of birds will allow us to better understand the potential effect of this virus on the dynamics of these populations. (healthywildlife.ca)
Brazil has declared a state of animal health emergency for 180 days in response to its first ever detection of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in wild birds. (strategicpipa.org)
Brazil - the world's biggest chicken meat exporter with US$9.7bn in sales in 2022 - has so far confirmed eight cases of the H5N1 in wild birds, including seven in Espirito Santo state and one in Rio de Janeiro state. (strategicpipa.org)
The G1 viruses are the most widely circulating strains having been detected in wild birds or domestic poultry in 22 countries across Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America. (blogspot.com)
H5N1 is typically a highly pathogenic virus in birds, resulting in severe disease and death. (medscape.com)

With this highly advanced kit, doctors can now rapidly detect all existing strains of the H5N1 viruses in a single test with almost 100% accuracy, within a few hours. (analytica-world.com)
To detect all existing strains of H5N1 with the WHO detection method would not be possible. (analytica-world.com)
The made-in-Singapore H5N1 test kit, which is more accurately known as the H5N1 real-time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assay, is the only detection kit currently available on the market that can accurately and rapidly detect all known strains of the H5N1 Avian Influenza A virus in a single test within a matter of hours. (analytica-world.com)
Considering that all eight genes of the earlier Indian isolates belonged to the EMA3 sublineage and similar strains have not been reported from neighbouring countries of the subcontinent, it appears that the virus may have been introduced independently. (biomedcentral.com)
It is now believed that infectious strains of Nipah virus that broke out in Sri Lanka last week have spread from that country to at least five other countries. (throdl.com)
To investigate the origin of these Chinese isolates and understand their genetic relationship with the globally circulating H5N1 viruses, we performed a detailed phylogenic analysis of 233 representative H5N1 strains that were isolated from 28 countries. (blogspot.com)
Influenza virus has 3 strains-A, B, and C. (For additional information on influenza, see Medscape's Influenza Resource Center . (medscape.com)
Since the 2005-2006 influenza season, amantadine and rimantadine are no longer recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) because circulating strains of influenza virus have proved resistant. (medscape.com)
Because all influenza viruses are capable of rapid genetic change, avian strains could possibly acquire the ability to spread more easily from person-to-person via direct mutation or via reassortment of genome subunits with human strains during replication in a human, animal or, avian host. (msdmanuals.com)

Although G2b viruses were widespread throughout the season, G2d viruses endemically circulated in Northeast Japan after January 2022. (flu.org.cn)
During our routine surveillance, 13 H5N1 viruses were isolated from 26,767 wild bird and poultry samples that were collected between September 2021 and March 2022 in China. (blogspot.com)

The deadly A/H1N1 swine flu virus did not originate in Mexico but in Eurasia, Mexico's ambassador to China Jorge Guajardo said on Monday. (typepad.com)
Of 23 influenza A (H1) viruses that were collected during May 21--September 9 (three from Asia, 18 from Latin America, and two from the United States) and analyzed at CDC, 17 (74%) were antigenically similar to A/New Caledonia/20/99, the H1N1 component of the 2006--07 influenza vaccine. (cdc.gov)

During the period of high circulation, AIV RNA was detected from 100% of the air samplers using molecular methods and viable AIV (A/H5N1 and/or A/H9N2) was isolated from 50% of air samplers following inoculation into embryonated chicken eggs. (hal.science)

The deadly Asian H7N9 virus is a far cry from the relatively benign North American H7N9 virus that hit a few farms in 2017. (blogspot.com)

The second of two papers on avian influenza H5N1 virus that caused such a furor in the past year was published today in the journal Science. (virology.ws)
Avian influenza H5N1 has shown high mortality rate in human. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)

Unlike the wild type H5N1, this mutant virus was transmitted by direct contact in the ferret model although not by airborne respiratory droplets. (nih.gov)
The new study shows that in order to spread via air between ferrets, the virus required changes to both its replication machinery and to the protein it uses to latch onto cells in the animals' respiratory tract. (sciencenews.org)
negative samples were tested for other respiratory viruses. (bvsalud.org)

The causative agent behind this outbreak was identified as H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV). (nature.com)
A focal H5N1 outbreak in poultry was reported from Manipur, a north-eastern state, of India, in 2007. (biomedcentral.com)
The first outbreak of the H5N1 virus in India was reported from Maharashtra in January 2006 [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The eight-month bird flu-free hiatus in Thailand ended yesterday as the Agriculture and Cooperatives Ministry confirmed a fresh outbreak of the H5N1 virus in the northern province of Phichit. (dailytalkforum.com)
Belgium has reported an outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza , commonly called bird. (yahoo.com)
The epidemiological and serological evidence from all outbreak sites showed that the virus remained of low virulence and did not mutate to a more lethal form. (who.int)
However we were not able to show that these viruses caused the outbreak. (bvsalud.org)

Avian influenza , a deadly virus that can decimate poultry flocks, has been found in Arkansas and. (yahoo.com)

The current gold standard for H5N1 detection recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) is only able to detect three out of the 10 distinct genetic groups (clades 1, 2 and 3). (analytica-world.com)
Health officials in Sri Lanka believe that the new Nipah variant - which has a stronger strain of influenza virus known as H5N1 - is a result of an improvement in its genetic coding. (throdl.com)
A minimum of five genetic alterations are needed to make the bird flu into a virus that can infect ferrets - lab stand-ins for people - through the air, report Ron Fouchier of the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and colleagues in the April 10 Cell . (sciencenews.org)
In this process genes from two or more influenza viruses are mixed in different combinations, resulting in hybrid viruses with genetic characteristics of each parent virus. (who.int)
These are wild-type influenza viruses that WHO has selected as representative of important groups of influenza viruses on the basis of extensive antigenic and genetic studies and comparisons with viruses from many countries. (who.int)

Many references to "bird flu" and H5N1 in the popular media refer to this strain. (wikipedia.org)
The virus continues to be active in non-domesticated bird reservoirs, and incidences of spillover and clinical disease in numerous animal species occur in European nations in 2021. (news-medical.net)
The close collaboration between scientists from the Experimental Therapeutics Centre (ETC) under the Agency for Science and Technology Research (A*STAR) and clinicians from Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH) has enabled the successful development of the most comprehensive and rapid H5N1 bird flu test kit available to date. (analytica-world.com)
dina naman daw ito masyadong delikado kumpara sa mga na-unang virus at ayun sa mga kinu=uukulan ay may preventive measure na silang ginagawa,usually this bird coming from candaba where a wide place and some part of bulacan aside calumpit from migrate outside neighbor philippines. (tsikot.com)
dapat higpitan na tayo na nga lang bird flu virus free, pakakalat pa ng disinformation. (tsikot.com)
Khunying Sudarat, however, tried to ease public concerns over the detection of the bird flu virus. (dailytalkforum.com)
It would be more frightening if the virus was found in a bird flu-free zone," she said. (dailytalkforum.com)
The Public Health Ministry confirmed on Wednesday that a young man aged 17 who died in Phichit Province recently had been infected with the H5N1 bird flu virus after having direct contact with a dead chicken and not notifying the authorities. (dailytalkforum.com)
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital scientists discovered how the current epizootic H5N1 avian influenza virus (bird flu) gained new genes and greater virulence as it spread west. (news-medical.net)
Aggregation in bird colonies during the nesting season undoubtedly favours the transmission of the virus. (healthywildlife.ca)
While the impact this emerging virus will have on northern gannet and common eider populations remains uncertain, this new cause of mortalities adds to the problems seen in recent years in several colonial bird populations. (healthywildlife.ca)
Previous work by Fouchier's and another group led, because of fears of misuse of research, to a temporary hold on publication of two scientific papers and a year-long moratorium on research that transforms bird viruses into airborne germs capable of infecting mammals ( SN: 6/2/12, p. 20 ). (sciencenews.org)
Live bird markets (LBMs) have been identified as key factors in the spread, persistence and evolution of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). (hal.science)

During May 21--September 9, 2006, influenza A(H3), influenza A(H1), and influenza B viruses cocirculated worldwide and were identified sporadically in North America. (cdc.gov)
In Europe and North America, small numbers of influenza A and influenza B viruses were reported. (cdc.gov)

Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a virulence factor of H5N1. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)

In this study, we performed phylogenic analyses of 220 H5N1 viruses that were reported in 27 countries together with 13 viruses we isolated in China, and found that the globally circulating H5N1 viruses have formed 16 different genotypes. (blogspot.com)

In addition to total nucleic acid extraction and ribonucleic acid (RNA) separation, the researchers used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to target the conserved site of the influenza A virus (IAV) matrix genes. (news-medical.net)

We found that isolates from both animals had the D701N mutation in the polymerase basic 2 gene, previously known to promote adaptation of H5N1 viruses to mammal hosts. (flutrackers.com)
The aim of this study was to genetically characterize the Manipur isolate to understand the relationship with other H5N1 isolates and to trace the possible source of introduction of the virus into the country. (biomedcentral.com)
Wild-type influenza viruses (synonym: virus isolates). (who.int)
The WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Control of Influenza located at CDC analyzes influenza virus isolates received from laboratories worldwide. (cdc.gov)

The virus detected in the white stork presented one of those mutations (627K), which suggests that the virus that had spilled over to cats was already partially adapted to mammalian species. (eurosurveillance.org)

dalam menanggulangi infeksi virus H5N1 melalui histopatologi hati dan ginjal. (ipb.ac.id)

What we say about our avian H5N1 epizootic today may not hold true tomorrow. (blogspot.com)

Human viruses sequenced for this study are marked with a blue color. (cdc.gov)
According to the health ministry, this is the first H5N1 case found in a human in the last nine years. (phnompenhpost.com)
No known human-to-human spread of the virus has ever occurred, it noted, and therefore it is more likely that the girl contracted the virus from her family's livestock, which possibly contracted it from contact with a wild animal. (phnompenhpost.com)
WHO reports on new human H5N1 cases. (typepad.com)
Influenza viruses are among the most important human pathogens and are responsible for annual epidemics and sporadic,potentially devastating pandemics. (uninsubria.it)
A 53% case fatality has been reported among human cases of A(H5N1), which has been associated with severe pneumonia. (who.int)
were positive for human Coronavirus OC43 and 1 for influenza C virus. (bvsalud.org)
virus as the cause and found laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza C virus and human Coronavirus OC 43 for the first time in both Cote d'Ivoire and in a Sub-Saharan African country. (bvsalud.org)

Therefore, further investigation and monitoring is required to prevent this novel reassortant virus from becoming a new threat to public health. (nature.com)
High-growth reassortant viruses. (who.int)

Type A influenza viruses are further classified according to their combinations of haemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) antigens (i.e. specific proteins on the virus surface), e.g. (who.int)
Zanamivir and oseltamivir are members of a class of drugs termed neuraminidase inhibitors and are active against both influenza virus type A and type B. They are approved for both prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. (medscape.com)
By inhibiting viral neuraminidase, release of viruses from infected cells and viral spread are decreased. (medscape.com)
It presents report in the journal of Nature, of the isolation from a Vietnamese girl, of an H5N1 virus that is resistant to the drug oseltamivir, which is an inhibitor of the viral enzyme neuraminidase and is currently used for protection against and treatment of influenza. (bvs.br)

Influenza A(H5N1) viruses from cats possessed two amino acid substitutions in the PB2 protein (526R and 627K) which are two molecular markers of virus adaptation in mammals. (eurosurveillance.org)
The tragic losses we've seen in South America, with well over 20,000 sea lion deaths , are a grim reminder that avian H5N1 continues to spillover into mammals, and that given enough time, it could learn to better adapt to non-avian hosts. (flutrackers.com)

Full-scale production of a vaccine that could prevent any illness at all from the strain would require at least three months after the virus's emergence to begin, but it is hoped that vaccine production could increase until one billion doses were produced by one year after the initial identification of the virus. (wikipedia.org)
The virus, caused by a new strain of the dengue virus, was first seen in 2007 and has spread from the Philippines to Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand and Malaysia. (throdl.com)
Moreover, we found that these viruses were antigenically similar to and well matched with the H5-Re14 vaccine strain currently used in China. (blogspot.com)

Several H5N1 vaccines have been developed and approved, and stockpiled by a number of countries, including the United States (in its National Stockpile), Britain, France, Canada, and Australia, for use in an emergency. (wikipedia.org)

Candidate influenza vaccine viruses (H5N1). (who.int)
Candidate influenza vaccine viruses (seasonal). (who.int)
This is a non-patented laboratory technique that is often used to make (seasonal) candidate vaccine viruses. (who.int)
These are influenza viruses prepared from candidate influenza vaccine viruses by individual manufacturers for the manufacturer's specific vaccine-production process. (who.int)
[ 74 ] The vaccine viruses recommended by the World Health Organization and the CDC for the 2014-2015 northern hemisphere influenza season are the same as those for the northern hemisphere 2013-2014 influenza season and 2014 southern hemisphere season. (medscape.com)

These are influenza viruses that have been cultured either in eggs or cells (i.e. isolated) directly from clinical specimens and have not been modified. (who.int)

As far as I know the virus isn't transferred airborne naman, mahirap kung nag mutate then airborne na sya then yari na, ala HK na tayo nyan na nakamask lahat. (tsikot.com)

Previously, there were two types of the virus, one that caused sporadic cases of febrile illness and another that caused microcephaly in babies. (throdl.com)

Gross photographs of postmortem lesions from red foxes naturally infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, United States. (news-medical.net)
Kaoud, H. A., 'Effect of Disinfectants on the Recovery, Titer and Viral RNA of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1)', International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), vol. 3, issue 3, pp. 307-311, 2013. (cu.edu.eg)
The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, called H5N1 , is spreading in several countries across the world. (yahoo.com)
It is used to render highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses less dangerous. (who.int)
the G1 virus was highly lethal in mice . (blogspot.com)

Anatomy12

Organisms124

Diseases24

Chemicals and Drugs35

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes44

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Subtype7

Clade20

Infection16

Pandemic15

Outbreaks10

Hemagglutinin7

Humans21

HPAI17

Subtypes4

Pathogenicity4

Hong Kong1

Infections6

20231

Birds13

Strains9

20222

H1N12

H9N21

H7N91

AVIAN INFLUENZA H5N12

Respiratory3

Outbreak7

Poultry1

Genetic5

Bird13

North America2

Virulence1

Analyses1

Genes1

Isolates4

Mutations1

Infeksi virus1

Epizootic1

Human8

Reassortant2

Neuraminidase4

Mammals2

Strain3

Vaccines1

Vaccine viruses5

Specimens1

Mutate1

Sporadic1

Highly5