H3n2 influenza virus. Medical search. Frequent questions

Flu vaccines are based on predicting which "mutants" of H1N1, H3N2, H1N2, and influenza B will proliferate in the next season. (wikipedia.org)
In the past ten years, H3N2 has tended to dominate in prevalence over H1N1, H1N2, and influenza B. Measured resistance to the standard antiviral drugs amantadine and rimantadine in H3N2 has increased from 1% in 1994 to 12% in 2003 to 91% in 2005. (wikipedia.org)
A 2007 study reported: "In swine, three influenza A virus subtypes (H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2) are circulating throughout the world. (wikipedia.org)
The most recent 10 cases, including the three Iowa cases described in this report, were infections with S-OtrH3N2 viruses containing the matrix (M) gene from the pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus (pH1N1). (cdc.gov)
Alice: Co-circulation of pandemic 2009 H1N1, swine H3N2 and H1N2 influenza viruses in pigs in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. (embrapa.br)
The response to the commercial target, New Caledonia/H1N1/1999 influenza virus, was linear in the range from 10 pg/ml to 10 μg/ml and limit of detection was 50.5 pg/ml. (nature.com)
the virus resulted from reassortment of a swine influenza virus with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. (blogspot.com)
Viruses resulting from reassortment of swine influenza A (H3N2) virus and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (pH1N1) virus have emerged among US swine ( 4 - 6 ), and similar viruses have been identified among swine outside the United States ( 7 , 8 ). (blogspot.com)
Reverse zoonotic transmission of pandemic H1N1 (2009) influenza virus (pH1N1) has been observed in a broad range of animal species. (biomedcentral.com)
These results indicate that the M gene of pandemic H1N1 and the HA gene of canine H3N2 are predominant in the reassortants. (biomedcentral.com)
however, 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and influenza B viruses also circulated, and the predominant virus varied by U.S. Department of Health and Human Service (HHS) region and week. (cdc.gov)
17,599(62%) were influenza A (H3N2) viruses, and 10,946 (38%) were 2009 influenza A (H1N1) viruses. (cdc.gov)
Although influenza A (H3N2) viruses predominated, 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and influenza B viruses also circulated widely. (cdc.gov)
The proportion of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) viruses increased nationally, beginning in January, and peaked during the week ending February 20, 2011, when 49% of all subtyped influenza A viruses were 2009 influenza A (H1N1) viruses. (cdc.gov)
Although during this time influenza A (H3N2) viruses still predominated nationally, 2009 influenza A (H1N1) predominated in five of the 10 regions (Regions 3, 4, 5, 8, and 9) for 5--7 consecutive weeks, ranging from the week ending January 15 to the week ending April 2, 2011. (cdc.gov)
Those have included 613 2009 influenza A (H1N1) viruses, 1,139 influenza A (H3N2) viruses, and 742 influenza B viruses. (cdc.gov)
The most striking pandemic occurred in 1918, when the Spanish influenza (H1N1) resulted in approximately 50 million deaths worldwide. (medscape.com)
The most recent pandemic was in 2009, caused by a swine-origin influenza of the H1N1 serotype. (medscape.com)
[ 5 ] In early 2009, a recombinant H1N1 influenza consisting of a mix of swine, avian, and human gene segments spread rapidly around the world, but it was a low-pathogenicity strain. (medscape.com)
The novel virus, commonly called swine flu, is named influenza A (H1N1). (bcm.edu)
Fortunately, however, H1N1 is far less deadly than the H5N1 virus. (bcm.edu)
In only a few short weeks after emerging in North America, the new H1N1 virus reached around the world. (bcm.edu)
Although the 2009 H1N1 pandemic did not turn out to be as deadly as initially feared, the next pandemic flu virus could emerge at any time, and we must remain vigilant. (bcm.edu)
Hopefully, the knowledge gained in response to the H5N1 and 2009 H1N1 outbreaks, and continued research to more completely understand influenza virus, as well as improvements in vaccine and drug development, will enable us to minimize the effects of future influenza outbreaks. (bcm.edu)
Of the viruses successfully analysed 52% were A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. (health.gov.au)
A small number of A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Victoria viruses had highly reduced inhibition to the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir. (health.gov.au)
Two types of influenza cause significant disease in humans: types A and B. Influenza A viruses are further classified into subtypes, based on their surface proteins, haemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). Thus, currently in circulation are subtypes A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2), although a number of subtypes have been known to infect humans and birds. (health.gov.au)
Nationally, influenza B/Victoria viruses are predominant, followed by A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. (medscape.com)
Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 are the most common viruses among adults aged 25 to 64 years (42% of reported viruses) and those aged 65 years and older (43% of viruses). (medscape.com)
Most (80.7%) influenza A viruses that underwent subtyping were A(H1N1)pdm09 and 19.3% were A(H3N2) viruses. (medscape.com)
four of these were subtyped and all four were A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. (medscape.com)
Subtypes which have in the past caused pandemics include the influenza A H1N1, H2N2, H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 viruses, while the H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 viruses continue to cause epidemics as seasonal influenza viruses. (health.govt.nz)
Is there a difference between being diagnosed with Influenza A and H1N1? (virology.ws)
The H1N1, H3N2 and B Victoria lineage viruses are recommended for trivalent influenza vaccines for 2023 southern hemisphere season. (tga.gov.au)
Candidate Vaccine Viruses (CVV) recommended for H1N1 and H3N2 may differ for egg- and cell- or recombinant-based vaccines. (tga.gov.au)
The southern hemisphere 2023 vaccine will contain one new strain for the A(H1N1)pdm09-like virus. (tga.gov.au)
Influenza vaccine viruses and reagents for H1N1, H3N2 and B viruses. (tga.gov.au)
Before 1998, mainly H1N1 SI viruses (SIV) were isolated from swine in the U.S. Since then, antigenetically distinct reassortant H3N2 and H1N1 SIVs have been identified as causative agents of respiratory disease in pigs on U.S. farms. (usda.gov)
This is particularly important as the media attention around this year's influenza season has been particularly high, and many have compared this season to the 2009 H1N1 swine flu pandemic in terms of the sheer volume of emergency department visits we are seeing. (medscape.com)
In addition, the predominant influenza virus subtype was an H3N2, in contrast to dominance by H1N1 subtypes in recent past years. (medscape.com)
A(H1N2) variant viruses and one human case of infection with an influenza A(H3N2) variant virus were reported officially.3 One additional human case of infection with an influenza A(H1N1)v virus was detected. (who.int)

Its name derives from the forms of the two kinds of proteins on the surface of its coat, hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). By reassortment, H3N2 exchanges genes for internal proteins with other influenza subtypes. (wikipedia.org)
however, since late August 1998, H3N2 subtypes have been isolated from pigs. (wikipedia.org)
The Hong Kong Flu was a flu pandemic caused by a strain of H3N2 descended from H2N2 by antigenic shift, in which genes from multiple subtypes reassorted to form a new virus. (wikipedia.org)
The new subtypes arose in pigs coinfected with avian and human viruses and were soon transferred to humans. (wikipedia.org)
Swine were considered the original "intermediate host" for influenza, because they supported reassortment of divergent subtypes. (wikipedia.org)
Substantial proportions of characterised circulating virus subtypes or lineages differed antigenically from their respective northern hemisphere vaccine components. (flu.org.cn)
Two subtypes of nucleoproteins (NP) of influenza A viruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Type A influenza is classified into subtypes depending on which versions of two different proteins are present on the surface of the virus. (bcm.edu)
The influenza A subtypes are further classified into strains, and the names of the virus strains include the place where the strain was first found and the year of discovery. (bcm.edu)
Influenza B viruses are not classified into subtypes. (health.gov.au)
New influenza A virus subtypes emerge periodically that have caused pandemics in humans. (health.govt.nz)
Amantadine inhibits the replication of influenza A virus isolates from each of the subtypes, i.e. (nih.gov)
The ongoing reassortment of swine influenza viruses with three subtypes of influenza virus presently circulating in the U.S. swine herd has important implications for the efficacy of current SIV vaccines. (usda.gov)
AFLURIA is an inactivated influenza virus vaccine indicated for active immunization of persons ages 6 months and older against influenza disease caused by influenza virus subtypes A and type B present in the vaccine. (drugs.com)

H3N2 evolved from H2N2 by antigenic shift and caused the Hong Kong Flu pandemic of 1968 and 1969 that killed up to 750,000 humans. (wikipedia.org)
Both the H2N2 and H3N2 pandemic flu strains contained genes from avian influenza viruses. (wikipedia.org)
No formal surveillance is conducted for influenza with bacterial co-infections, however, these are well documented in the literature going back to the 1918 influenza pandemic. (cdc.gov)
Of the four pandemic strains of human influenza A virus observed this century, the 1977 virus strain was very similar in all genes to a 1950 isolate. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Influenza Testing and Treatment during the COVID-19 Pandemic. (cdc.gov)
So, I'm going to speak about the 2022-2023 seasonal influenza testing and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. (cdc.gov)
HI assays using ferret antisera demonstrated that swine lineages from the 1990s and 2010s had significant fold reductions compared to the homologous HI titer of the nearest pandemic preparedness candidate vaccine virus (CVV) or seasonal vaccine strain . (bvsalud.org)
Antigenic assessment of swine H3N2 provides critical information for pandemic preparedness and candidate vaccine development . (bvsalud.org)
Overall, the percentages of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ILI) were lower during the 2010--11 season than the 2009--10 pandemic influenza season. (cdc.gov)
The fact that H3N2 is still circulating without causing an ongoing pandemic highlights the importance of herd immunity. (medscape.com)
Every few decades or so, a new version of the influenza virus emerges in the human population that causes a serious global outbreak of disease called a pandemic . (bcm.edu)
To date, the avian flu virus has not acquired to ability to spread easily from person to person - a necessary step in order for a virus to cause a pandemic. (bcm.edu)

We investigated these amino acid positions single polypeptide (HA0) that is subsequently cleaved into for predicting antigenic variants of influenza A/H3N2 virus- two polypeptides (HA1 and HA2) and forms into es in ferrets. (cdc.gov)
The methods described in this study could be applied to of the HA protein of A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) has been deter- predict vaccine-induced cross-reactive antibody responses in humans, which may further improve the selection of vac- mined, and five antigenic sites on the HA1 polypeptide cine strains. (cdc.gov)
Therefore, we conducted this study to explore the useful- viruses have been in global circulation, and these three ness of these amino acid positions for predicting antigenic viruses are currently included as vaccine components. (cdc.gov)
influenza virus antigenic variants emerge frequently from accumulation of point mutations in the HA protein (i.e. (cdc.gov)
While full antigenic testing is pending, based on genetic sequencing of some of the samples, these viruses are close to the H3N2 component of the 2011-2012 seasonal vaccine such that vaccination should offer protection against these viruses. (cdc.gov)
Antigenic characterization of an H3N2 swine influenza virus isolated from pigs with proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia in Quebec. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Antigenic and sequence analysis of H3 influenza virus haemag-glutinins from pigs in Italy. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Antigenic Distance between North American Swine and Human Seasonal H3N2 Influenza A Viruses as an Indication of Zoonotic Risk to Humans. (bvsalud.org)
We quantified antigenic distances between swine H3N2 and human seasonal vaccine strains from 1973 to 2014 using a panel of monovalent antisera raised in pigs in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. (bvsalud.org)
Swine H3N2 lineages retained the closest antigenic similarity to human vaccine strains from the decade of incursion. (bvsalud.org)
We quantified the antigenic phenotypes and found that North American swine H3N2 lineages retained more antigenic similarity to historical human vaccine strains from the decade of incursion but had substantial differences compared to recent human vaccine strains . (bvsalud.org)
Viruses were characterised by their antigenic, genetic and antiviral drug resistance properties. (health.gov.au)
Results for A(H3N2) and B/Yamagata viruses suggested that circulating viruses of this subtype and lineage, respectively, had undergone antigenic and/or genetic changes, consistent with the decision by WHO to change recommended strains for the 2015 Southern Hemisphere vaccine. (health.gov.au)
The antigenic properties of influenza viral isolates were analysed using the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay as previously described. (health.gov.au)
This 'antigenic drift' leads to the emergence of new antigenic variants or virus strains. (health.govt.nz)
Because of this ongoing antigenic drift, seasonal influenza virus vaccine formulations are reviewed by the WHO bi-annually. (health.govt.nz)
At this meeting, the expert committee reviewed and evaluated epidemiology, antigenic and genetic data of recent influenza isolates circulating in Australia and the southern hemisphere. (tga.gov.au)
viruses, an arrest of significant evolution of the NA discordant with the continuing antigenic drift of HA was found in the 1980- 1983 period. (wikigenes.org)
Antigenic characterization suggested a good match between the circulating and vaccine strains of influenza A(H3N2). (who.int)

Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase proteins are positions have been identified as diverse codons by com- the two surface antigens that induce protective antibody paring 525 viruses isolated from 1968 to 2000 (11). (cdc.gov)
Evolution of the H3 influenza virus hemagglutinin from human and nonhuman hosts. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Strikingly, phylogenies inferred for individual gene segments revealed that multiple reassortment events had occurred among these clades, such that one clade of H3N2 viruses present at least since 2000 had provided the hemagglutinin gene for all those H3N2 viruses sampled after the 2002-2003 influenza season. (princeton.edu)
However, despite sharing the same hemagglutinin, these phylogenetically distinct lineages of viruses continue to co-circulate in the same population. (princeton.edu)
These serotypic differences result in much of the species specificity due to differences in the receptor usage (specifically sialic acid, which binds to hemagglutinin and which is cleaved by neuraminidase when the virus exits the cell). (medscape.com)
The major influenza C virus envelope glycoprotein is called HEF (hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion) because it has the functions of both the HA and the NA. (virology.ws)
Refinement of the influenza virus hemagglutinin by simulated annealing. (cathdb.info)
Disease relevance of na Although differing in their surface hemagglutinin and neuraminidase components, a notable feature of these H9N2 viruses is that the six genes encoding the internal components of the virus are similar to those of the 1997 H5N1 human and avian isolates. (wikigenes.org)
High impact information on NA This was indicated by the ability of viruses bearing the H2- hemagglutinin glycoprotein, regardless of its associated neuraminidase, to induce lymphocyte proliferation in normal spleen cell suspensions and by the ability of antisera with specificity for the H2- hemagglutinin. (wikigenes.org)
[ 3 , 4 ] A total of 31,989 participants were randomly assigned to receive either a high dose (IIV3-HD) (60 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) or a standard dose (IIV3-SD) (15 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) of a trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine. (medscape.com)
Hemagglutinin (H) is a glycoprotein on the influenza viral surface that allows the virus to bind to cellular sialic acid and fuse with the host cell membrane. (msdmanuals.com)

The selected historical H3N2 viruses were: A/Aichi/2/1968, A/Victoria/3/1975, A/Bangkok/1/1979, A/Shanghai/11/1987, A/Beijing/32/1992, A/Wuhan/359/1995, A/Sydney/5/1997, A/Fujian/411/2002, and A/Brisbane/10/2007. (cdc.gov)
HI A/VICTORIA/3/1975: Geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer against the influenza A/H3N2 virus A/Victoria/3/1975. (cdc.gov)
A(H3) predominated and, in some countries, co-circulated with A(H1)pdm09 and B/Victoria viruses. (flu.org.cn)
Children, especially those younger than 5 years and those age and influenza B Victoria lineage components are with certain underlying medical conditions, can experience unchanged from the previous season. (cdc.gov)
During 2014, results were reported by reference to the A/California/7/2009 (H1N1pdm09)-like, A/Victoria/361/2012 (H3N2)-like, B/Massachusetts/2/2012-like (Yamagata lineage), and B/Brisbane/60/2008-like (Victoria lineage) viruses that were recommended for the 2014 influenza vaccine. (health.gov.au)
Influenza B/Victoria viruses are most common among children aged 4 years and younger (48% of reported viruses) and those aged 5 to 24 years (59% of reported viruses). (medscape.com)
Of 27 deaths that have been reported this season, 18 were linked to influenza B viruses (five of these had the lineage determined and all five were B/Victoria viruses). (medscape.com)
Influenza B has two lineages of viruses: B/Victoria and B/Yamagata, which are also associated with outbreaks and epidemics, and account for a significant proportion of the overall burden of influenza. (health.govt.nz)
Surveillance for influenza-like illness (ILI) and laboratory-confirmed influenza in Victoria, Australia is undertaken jointly by the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory and the Victorian Government Department of Health and Human Services from May to October each year. (who.int)
The magnitude of the 2017 influenza season was high in Victoria with widespread circulation of influenza type A(H3N2), which peaked in September. (who.int)
Most of the increases observed in notified cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza in recent years in Victoria have been attributed to increases in testing. (who.int)
The Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), in partnership with the Victorian Government Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), coordinates influenza-like illness (ILI) and laboratory-confirmed influenza surveillance in Victoria. (who.int)
Notified laboratory-confirmed influenza cases are reported from medical practitioners and laboratory services in Victoria who are required by law to notify DHHS of all laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza within five days of diagnosis. (who.int)
In this study, the data from these three surveillance programmes are used to describe the epidemiology of the 2017 influenza season in Victoria, Australia. (who.int)

HI A/AICHI/2/1968: Geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer against the influenza A/H3N2 virus A/Aichi/2/1968. (cdc.gov)
As John Fund notes in National Review , the Hong Kong Flu "was an especially infectious virus that had the ability to mutate and render existing vaccines ineffective … Hundreds of thousands were hospitalized in the U.S. as the disease hit all 50 states by Christmas 1968. (delphiforums.com)
The Centers for Disease Control note, "It was first noted in the United States in September 1968 … The H3N2 virus continues to circulate worldwide as a seasonal influenza A virus. (delphiforums.com)
since 1968, most seasonal influenza epidemics have been caused by H3N2 (an influenza A virus). (msdmanuals.com)

A/Hong Kong/2671/2019 (H3N2)) and Influenza B virus (i.e. (genetex.com)
I. Serological evidence of infection in swine in Great Britain with an influenza A virus antigenically like human Hong Kong/68 virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
for example, A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2). (health.govt.nz)
She may have been unaware that at the height of the Vietnam war, there was something that killed more Americans than the war did, and it was a similar virus - and no one questioned whether a president should be elected or not because of the virus, known as the Hong Kong Flu. (delphiforums.com)

In addition, each year some cases of influenza C are isolated from humans, but as these viruses tend not to cause severe disease, they are not a focus of surveillance. (health.gov.au)
The virus causes significant morbidity: in the US in 2008, approximately one-third of all laboratory confirmed cases of influenza were caused by influenza B (as shown on the first graph on this CDC page) . (virology.ws)
The sudden spurt in cases of Influenza (H3N2) virus in the country has raised concerns. (indiatimes.com)
With recent cases of influenza and other viruses, Dr. Michael Stuart, chief medical officer of USA Hockey, has issued recommendations to help prevent the spread of the virus. (usahockey.com)
Notified cases of influenza A were older than influenza B cases with 25% compared to 17% aged more than 65 years, respectively. (who.int)

Other possible mechanisms for the emergence of new influenza viruses are through the adaptation of avian influenza viruses to infect humans and the re-assortment of the genomic segments of multiple viruses (ie, human, avian and pig influenza viruses). (health.govt.nz)

Present vaccination strategies for swine influenza virus (SIV) control and prevention in swine farms typically include the use of one of several bivalent SIV vaccines commercially available in the United States. (wikipedia.org)
Of the 97 recent H3N2 isolates examined, only 41 had strong serologic cross-reactions with antiserum to three commercial SIV vaccines. (wikipedia.org)
Since the protective ability of influenza vaccines depends primarily on the closeness of the match between the vaccine virus and the epidemic virus, the presence of nonreactive H3N2 SIV variants suggests current commercial vaccines might not effectively protect pigs from infection with a majority of H3N2 viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Current inactivated influenza vaccines provide protec- influenza viruses are characterized antigenically on the tion when vaccine antigens and circulating viruses share a basis of ferret serum antibody cross-reactivity. (cdc.gov)
Current inactivated vaccines provide essential protection described in this study could be used to predict vaccine- when the vaccine antigens and the circulating viruses share induced cross-reactive antibody responses in humans, high degree of similarity in the HA protein. (cdc.gov)
Influenza A virus A/Kansas/14/2017 (H3N2) live (attenuated) antigen is a live attenuated influenza antigen used in season influenza vaccines. (drugbank.com)
There are two basic types of vaccines available: inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). (drugbank.com)
Inactivated vaccines contain a virus particle that has been grown in media and then subsequently killed, or inactivated, through exposure to heat or chemicals such as formaldehyde 3. (drugbank.com)
In contrast, live vaccines are produced from 'wild-type' or disease-causing viruses that have been attenuated, or weakened, through various laboratory techniques. (drugbank.com)
Both CIV vaccines do not 100% prevent your pet from becoming sick when exposed to the viruses, rather greatly reduce the severity of symptoms and shorten the shedding interval i.e. vaccinated dogs that become infected have less illness and are not as contagious to other dogs. (achmorris.com)
The GISRS network, established in 1952, monitors changes in influenza viruses with the aim of reducing the impact of influenza through the use of vaccines and antiviral medications. (health.gov.au)
Adjuvanted influenza vaccines can overcome the poor antibody response of conventional non-adjuvanted vaccines in the elderly. (nih.gov)
The study demonstrates potential immunological benefits of MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccines for the elderly. (nih.gov)
The Australian Influenza Vaccine Committee (AIVC) met to recommend the composition of the influenza virus vaccines for Australia in 2023. (tga.gov.au)
Serological responses to the 2021-2022 vaccines, and the availability of candidate vaccines viruses and reagents were also reviewed by the Committee. (tga.gov.au)
The AIVC recommendation for the composition of influenza vaccines for Australia in 2023 differs from the 2022 southern hemisphere and 2022/23 northern hemisphere recommendations. (tga.gov.au)
Monovalent vaccines based on various H3N2 cluster viruses were not able to induce protective immunity against all H3N2 SIVs used for challenge. (usda.gov)
The establishment of the reverse genetics system for swine influenza viruses might allow us to develop novel live attenuated virus vaccines. (usda.gov)
The majority of SAEs occurred after c adverse events listed below reflect experience in both children and adults and include those a causal relation of GBS with subsequent vaccines prepared from other influenza viruses is unclear. (who.int)

Seasonal influenza viruses flow out of overlapping epidemics in East Asia and Southeast Asia, then trickle around the globe before dying off. (wikipedia.org)
And contrast that to pre COVID-19 influenza epidemics where you see much higher weekly rates of hospital admissions. (cdc.gov)
Children consistently have the highest attack rates of influ- nent of the vaccine is new for this season .6,7 enza in the community during seasonal influenza epidemics. (cdc.gov)
Influenza epidemics occur each year. (health.govt.nz)
Influenza virus Influenza history Historical records indicate flu-like epidemics throughout recorded history. (powershow.com)
Influenza causes widespread sporadic illness yearly during fall and winter in temperate climates (seasonal epidemics). (msdmanuals.com)
Influenza B viruses may cause milder disease but often cause epidemics with moderate or severe disease, either as the predominant circulating virus or along with influenza A. (msdmanuals.com)
Most influenza epidemics are caused by a predominant serotype, but different influenza viruses may appear sequentially in one location or may appear simultaneously, with one virus predominating in one location and another virus predominating elsewhere. (msdmanuals.com)

Pigs can carry human influenza viruses, which can combine (i.e. exchange homologous genome subunits by genetic reassortment) with H5N1, passing genes and mutating into a form which can pass easily among humans. (wikipedia.org)
The dominant strain of annual flu in humans in January 2006 was H3N2. (wikipedia.org)
Measured resistance to the standard antiviral drugs amantadine and rimantadine in H3N2 in humans had increased to 91% by 2005. (wikipedia.org)
However, other hosts appear capable of similar coinfection (e.g., many poultry species), and direct transmission of avian viruses to humans is possible. (wikipedia.org)
Swine H3N2 strains were subsequently associated with zoonotic infections , highlighting the need to understand the risk of endemic swine IAV to humans . (bvsalud.org)
On the rare occasions that these viruses infect humans, they are called influenza A variant viruses ( 4 ). (blogspot.com)
The pH1N1 M gene is implicated in increasing influenza transmissibility in animal models ( 10 , 11 ), and there was concern that this new A(H3N2)v virus could be efficiently transmitted among humans. (blogspot.com)
Understanding the evolution of influenza A viruses in humans is important for surveillance and vaccine strain selection. (princeton.edu)
Avian influenza is a potential and unpredictable threat to humans because of the segmented nature of the genome. (medscape.com)
Although all strains of influenza A virus naturally infect birds, certain strains can infect mammalian hosts such as pigs and humans. (medscape.com)
[ 4 ] A reassorted H5N1 virus has been reported in the United States among wild birds but is not considered a threat to humans. (medscape.com)
There are three different types of influenza virus - A, B, and C. Type A viruses infect humans and several types of animals, including birds, pigs, and horses. (bcm.edu)
Type B influenza is normally found only in humans, and type C is mostly found in humans, but has also been found in pigs and dogs. (bcm.edu)
This property may be a consequence of the limited host range of the virus - humans and seals - which limits the generation of new strains by reassortment. (virology.ws)
Viruses are also transmitted between pigs and humans, and from poultry to humans. (powershow.com)
Highly pathogenic influenza A virus H5 subtype remains a risk for transmission in humans. (mdpi.com)
So far, little is known about how this virus evolves and adapts to infect humans. (mdpi.com)
Avian influenza (H5N1) is rare in humans in developed countries (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Even though small clusters of A(H5) virus infections have been reported previously including those involving healthcare workers, current epidemiological and virological evidence suggests that influenza A(H5) viruses have not acquired the ability of sustained transmission among humans, thus the likelihood is low. (who.int)

Influenza B viruses are not categorized into sub- terms of predicting antibody cross-reactivity is unclear. (cdc.gov)
RESEARCH influenza H3N2 virus cross-reactive antibody data. (cdc.gov)
Antibody titers against H3N2v and historical seasonal H3N2 influenza viruses were measured with hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay at Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
Detection of recombinant influenza A virus nucleoproteins of the indicated strains by lateral flow assay using the recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody pair. (genetex.com)
HRP-conjugated Influenza A virus NP (nucleoprotein) antibody [HL1089] (GTX636247) (1 μg/mL). (genetex.com)
Current research has shown that following the protocols of properly vaccinating your pet as outlined above, will provide at least one year of protective antibody response against both H3N8 & H3N2 only! (achmorris.com)
aTIV elicited a significantly higher antibody response than TIV, especially against A/H3N2 strains, although superiority by pre-defined criteria was not formally met. (nih.gov)
Application: Serological studies of influenza A virus, immunogen for antibody production. (researchd.com)
size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to studies, antibody titers of 1:40 or greater have been associated with protection from influenza decision to give AFLURIA QUADRIVALENT should be based on careful consideration of the potential between treatment groups, and most events were mild to moderate in severity. (who.int)

Influenza viruses cause substantial medical and social mapped, based on laboratory variants selected in the pres- problems throughout the world, and vaccination is the ence of mouse monoclonal antibodies (9,10). (cdc.gov)
Proper vaccination with both strains of the Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) vaccine will require two initial sets of injections given two to four weeks apart, followed by a yearly booster. (achmorris.com)
I'll give some background on influenza season burden, talk about influenza vaccination for this current season, and then I'll talk about influenza testing and conclude with discussion about antiviral treatment of influenza. (cdc.gov)
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends annual influenza vaccination of all children without medical contraindi- cations starting at 6 months of age. (cdc.gov)
Antiviral chemoprophylaxis is recommended for the prevention of influenza virus infection as an adjunct to vaccination in certain individuals, especially exposed children who are at high risk for To cite: AAP Committee on Infectious Diseases. (cdc.gov)
The NA genes of H3N2 viruses used for primary infection or vaccination. (wikigenes.org)
there have been no controlled clinical studies demonstrating a decrease in influenza disease after vaccination with AFLURIA. (drugs.com)
Hypersensitivity to eggs, neomycin, or polymyxin, or life-threatening reaction to previous influenza vaccination. (drugs.com)
If Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) has occurred within 6 weeks of previous influenza vaccination, the decision to give AFLURIA should be based on careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks. (drugs.com)
If Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) has occurred within 6 weeks of previous influenza vaccination, the TIV-2, respectively, reported unsolicited adverse events. (who.int)
Reactions or Systemic Adverse Events within 7 Days after Administration of the year after vaccination and circulating strains of influenza virus change from year to year. (who.int)
In addition to vaccination, other public health measures are also effective in limiting influenza transmission in closed environments. (medscape.com)

Influenza serological testing of stored sera from NHA NES 2010 collection across various age groups, were used in this study to determine the population level of cross-reactive antibodies to H3N2v virus and historical seasonal H3N2 viruses. (cdc.gov)
Upon re-exposure to infectious influenza virus, the immune system is prepared to identify and destroy the virus as there are circulating antibodies that recognize that particular component of the virus that it was previously exposed to. (drugbank.com)
Prevalence of antibodies to swine influenza virus, porcine adenovirus type 4 and Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae in Quebec pig farms with respiratory problems. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Finally, human sera revealed that although these adults had antibodies against human H3N2 strains , many had limited immunity to swine H3N2, especially older adults born before 1970. (bvsalud.org)
Antibodies to HA neutralize virus. (powershow.com)

This slide depicts the number of specimens, respiratory specimens that tested positive for influenza reported to the WHO's Global Influenza, Surveillance, and Response System. (cdc.gov)
What you can see is that in early to mid 2020, specimens testing positive for influenza globally dropped off precipitously and remain very, very low throughout 2020 and into about mid 2021. (cdc.gov)
The proportion of specimens testing positive for influenza during the 2010--11 season first exceeded 10%, indicating higher levels of virus circulation, during the week ending November 27, 2010. (cdc.gov)
1 Samples collected from ILI patients that subsequently test positive for influenza by VIDRL are submitted to the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza for strain characterization and antiviral drug sensitivity testing. (who.int)
Environmental samples from these stalls tested positive for influenza A(H5N6) viruses. (who.int)

Sandwich ELISA detection of recombinant nucleoproteins (NP) derived from different strains of Influenza A virus (i.e. (genetex.com)

The new virus subtype has novel H and N surface antigens result from the mixing of genomic segments of two or more influenza A viruses. (health.govt.nz)
P/0492/2021 : EMA decision of 3 December 2021 on the acceptance of a modification of an agreed paediatric investigation plan for influenza virus surface antigens (haemagglutinin and neuraminidase) of strain. (europa.eu)

In the spring of 2009, a different influenza virus - one that had never been seen before - suddenly appeared. (bcm.edu)
I showed that the influenza C virus genome consists of 7 RNA segments, and demonstrated reassortment among different influenza C virus strains. (virology.ws)

An analysis of 13,000 samples of influenza A/H3N2 virus that were collected across six continents from 2002 to 2007 by the WHO's Global Influenza Surveillance Network showed the newly emerging strains of H3N2 appeared in East and Southeast Asian countries about six to nine months earlier than anywhere else. (wikipedia.org)
za surveillance (1), which includes clinical, virologic, and In the current global influenza surveillance system, immunologic surveillance. (cdc.gov)
As part of routine influenza surveillance, the respiratory specimen was forwarded to the University of Iowa State Hygienic Laboratory (SHL) for further evaluation. (cdc.gov)
As part of routine influenza surveillance, respiratory specimens were forwarded to SHL for further evaluation. (cdc.gov)
Thus far, no additional cases of S-OtrH3N2 infection have been identified, and surveillance data from the state have shown low levels of influenza activity currently and at the time of all these patients' illnesses. (cdc.gov)
Appropriate levels of influenza virus characterisations should be maintained until the season end and in future seasons, when surveillance is adapted to integrate SARS-CoV-2. (flu.org.cn)
These data, derived from the first large-scale analysis of H3N2 viruses, convincingly demonstrate that multiple lineages can co-circulate, persist, and reassort in epidemiologically significant ways, and underscore the importance of genomic analyses for future influenza surveillance. (princeton.edu)
The WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza in Melbourne is part of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System. (health.gov.au)
The WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza in Melbourne (the Centre) is part of the World Health Organization's Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (WHO GISRS). (health.gov.au)
Surveillance data comprise notifiable laboratory-confirmed influenza and ILI reporting from from two sources - a general practice sentinel surveillance programme and a locum service. (who.int)
There are three data sources included in the influenza surveillance system. (who.int)
The Victorian Sentinel Practice Influenza Network (VicSPIN) is a surveillance programme of sentinel general practitioners (GPs) that monitors ILI and laboratory-confirmed influenza in the community (previously known as the Victorian General Practice Sentinel Surveillance system). (who.int)
Between 1 January and 31 December 2013, we used surveillance data on patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory infection in three Egyptian government hospitals in Damanhour district to estimate the incidence rate of laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza. (who.int)
Entre le 1er janvier et le 31 décembre 2013, nous avons utilisé les données de la surveillance des patients hospitalisés pour une infection respiratoire aiguë sévère (IRAS) dans trois hôpitaux publics égyptiens dans le district de Damanhour afin d'estimer le taux d'incidence de la grippe saisonnière confirmée en laboratoire. (who.int)
A principal activity of each site ease ( 1 ) and long been regarded as an country in the EMR with tropical to has been establishment of surveillance important disease in the elderly because temperate climate and has an estimated for influenza-like illnesses. (who.int)
surveillance systems and to adjust crude sonal influenza is associated with a high Beginning in 2006, after the emergence calculations of incidence from surveil- number of hospital admissions in young of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in- lance data for more accurate estimates children as well ( 3 ). (who.int)
Enhanced surveillance with daily temperature taking and prompt reporting with isolation through home medical leave and segregation of smaller subgroups decrease the spread of influenza. (medscape.com)
A weekly surveillance report of seasonal influenza in the US is available at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's FluView . (msdmanuals.com)

All virus isolates received at the Centre were re-passaged in cell culture (Madin-Darby Canine Kidney [MDCK] cells) and virus isolation was also attempted on a selection of original clinical specimens received. (health.gov.au)
It has very little or no activity against influenza B virus isolates. (nih.gov)
Sensitivity test results, expressed as the concentration of amantadine required to inhibit by 50% the growth of virus (ED 50 ) in tissue culture vary greatly (from 0.1 mcg/mL to 25 mcg/mL) depending upon the assay protocol used, size of virus inoculum, isolates of influenza A virus strains tested, and the cell type used. (nih.gov)

H3N2 is a subtype of the viral genus Influenzavirus A, which is an important cause of human influenza. (wikipedia.org)
Viral dominance and characterization of the reassortants of both viruses was undertaken in the present study. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we describe the viral dominance of 23 CIV reassortants between pH1N1 and canine H3N2 influenza viruses from a naturally co-infected dog. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we isolated 23 distinct viral genotypes of influenza reassortants by using a nasal swab of a co-infected dog and characterized the genotypes of the reassortants. (biomedcentral.com)
The enveloped influenza A virions have three membrane proteins (HA, NA, M2), a matrix protein (M1) just below the lipid bilayer, a ribonucleoprotein core (consisting of 8 viral RNA segments and three proteins: PA, PB1, PB2), and the NEP/NS2 protein. (virology.ws)
Like the influenza A and B viruses, the core of influenza C viruses consists of a ribonucleoprotein made up of viral RNA and four proteins. (virology.ws)
Some experts doubt COVID and flu will hit the country simultaneously because of a phenomenon known as "viral interference," which occurs when infection with one virus reduces the risk of catching another. (wknofm.org)
The criterion standard for diagnosing influenza A and B is a viral culture of nasopharyngeal samples or throat samples. (medscape.com)
Influenza refers to illness caused by the influenza viruses, but the term is commonly and incorrectly used to refer to similar illnesses caused by other viral respiratory pathogens. (msdmanuals.com)

This statement updates the recommendations of the American Academy abstract of Pediatrics for the routine use of influenza vaccine and antiviral medications in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children during the 2023-2024 influenza season. (cdc.gov)
ABSTRACT The epidemiology, seasonality and risk factors for influenza virus infection remains poorly defined in countries such as Egypt. (who.int)

No B/Yamagata virus detections were confirmed. (flu.org.cn)
A(H3N2) and B/Yamagata viruses are circulating at very low levels," the CDC reports. (medscape.com)
a B/Phuket/3073/2013 (B/Yamagata lineage)-like virus. (tga.gov.au)

and describe antiviral treatment recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed influenza for the 2022-2023 season, including during community co circulation of influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)

Further characterization of the virus from the patient is planned. (who.int)

This reassortment event was the likely progenitor of the antigenically variant influenza strains that caused the A/Fujian/411/2002-like epidemic of the 2003-2004 influenza season. (princeton.edu)
Since October 1, 2010, CDC has antigenically characterized 2,494 influenza viruses submitted by U.S. laboratories. (cdc.gov)
The majority of these were antigenically and genetically similar to the WHO recommended reference strain for the 2014 Southern Hemisphere influenza vaccine. (health.gov.au)

H5N1 is typically a highly pathogenic virus in birds, resulting in severe disease and death. (medscape.com)
The FDA has approved a vaccine for H5N1 influenza. (medscape.com)

Disease relevance of NA Structure of the neuraminidase gene in human influenza virus A/ PR/ 8/ 34. (wikigenes.org)
Disease relevance of NA The complete nucleotide sequence of the neuraminidase gene of influenza. (wikigenes.org)
Another important message for providers is to know when to use oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) or other neuraminidase inhibitors for the management of influenza. (medscape.com)

The predominant influenza virus subtype is influenza A H3N2. (medscape.com)

So, for example, a virus with version 1 of the HA protein and version 2 of the NA protein would be called influenza A subtype H1N2 (A H1N2, for short). (bcm.edu)

the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed infection with A(H3N2)v virus in the child 6 days after Fair A closed and immediately began an investigation with the Pennsylvania Department of Health (PA DOH), the Allegheny County Health Department, and the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture (PDA) to determine the extent of A(H3N2)v virus transmission and to identify illness risk factors among Fair A attendees. (blogspot.com)
Most of the country is experiencing high influenza-like illness activity and 800 more deaths were reported during the last week of 2019 alone, according to the most recent report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (medscape.com)
As the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) continues to issue updated influenza activity data in its weekly field views, it's important for us as physicians to frame this information for our patients and families. (medscape.com)
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that seasonal influenza is responsible for an average of more than 20,000 deaths annually. (medscape.com)

March 16, 2012 - CDC has confirmed that the influenza viruses isolated from the cluster of severe respiratory illness in one family in Maryland are seasonal influenza A H3N2 viruses. (cdc.gov)
Concurrent infection (co-infection) with staph - which is what seems to have occurred in the cluster in Maryland - is a potentially catastrophic complication of influenza that can progress rapidly to serious illness and death. (cdc.gov)
This week's FluView is reporting 15 states with widespread influenza activity and 5 states with high influenza-like-illness activity. (cdc.gov)
Patient A. In the second week of November 2011, patient A, a previously healthy female child, experienced acute onset of influenza-like illness (ILI). (cdc.gov)
Three days after her illness onset (illness day four), she was seen by a health-care provider, who obtained a respiratory specimen and performed a rapid influenza diagnostic test, which was positive. (cdc.gov)
During her illness days two and three, patient A was in contact with her father, who subsequently developed ILI 2 days after his most recent contact with patient A. He was not tested for influenza. (cdc.gov)
risk of complications of influenza, regardless of duration of illness. (cdc.gov)
The father had a nasopharyngeal swab positive for swine-origin influenza A (H3N2) virus and had direct swine exposure 6 days before illness onset. (cdc.gov)
Flu, or influenza, is a contagious respiratory illness that spreads from person to person through the air via coughs or sneezes or through contact with infected surfaces. (bcm.edu)
The percentage of outpatient healthcare provider visits for influenza-like illness (ILI) rose from 5.1% to 6.9% during the week ending December 28 (week 52). (medscape.com)
Influenza-like illness activity was high in the District of Columbia, New York City, Puerto Rico, and 34 states (37 jurisdictions), compared with 28 jurisdictions during the previous week. (medscape.com)
Influenza viruses with reduced in vitro sensitivity have been shown to be transmissible and to cause typical influenza illness. (nih.gov)
Nearly all adults have been infected with influenza C virus, which causes mild upper respiratory tract illness. (virology.ws)
Influenza (flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. (usahockey.com)
The second is that while the outpatient volume of visits related to influenza-like illness (ILI) has really skyrocketed in emergency departments as well as outpatient clinics, most persons with influenza will have relatively mild disease that can be managed at home. (medscape.com)
Influenza C virus infection does not cause typical influenza illness and is not discussed here. (msdmanuals.com)

The evolution of H3N2 in swine led to a reduced similarity to human seasonal H3N2 and the vaccine strains used to protect human populations . (bvsalud.org)
In addition, influenza-positive original clinical samples were directly inoculated into eggs as potential vaccine strains. (health.gov.au)

Of the three types of influenza viruses (A, B, and C), under positive selection by comparing 357 viruses isolated only influenza A and B viruses cause epidemic human dis- from 1984 to 1996 (7). (cdc.gov)

Avian influenza virus H3N2 is endemic in pigs in China, and has been detected in pigs in Vietnam, contributing to the emergence of new variant strains. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic reassortment between avian and human influenza A viruses in Italian pigs. (microbiologyresearch.org)
IMPORTANCE Human H3N2 influenza A viruses spread to pigs in North America in the 1990s and more recently in the 2010s. (bvsalud.org)

As the community mitigation measures start to roll off around the world and people return to their normal activities, flu has started to circulate around the world," says Dr. Alicia Fry , who leads influenza epidemiology and prevention for the CDC. (wknofm.org)
You have the 1-year-olds, the 2-year-olds, and the 3-year-olds who will all be seeing it for the first time, and none of them have any preexisting immunity to influenza," says Dr. Helen Chu , assistant professor of medicine and allergy and infectious diseases and an adjunct assistant professor of epidemiology at the University of Washington. (wknofm.org)
This was the first ever description of the epidemiology of seasonal influenza in Egypt. (who.int)

Polygiene ViralOff can reduce the viruses by 99% as per the standardization of International ISO Standard 18184:2019. (fotolog.net)

This report summarizes influenza activity in the United States during the 2010--11 influenza season (October 3, 2010--May 21, 2011) and describes the components of the 2011--12 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine. (cdc.gov)
A total of 38 viruses were successfully isolated in eggs, of which 1 (B/Phuket/3073/2013) was included in the 2015 Southern Hemisphere influenza vaccine. (health.gov.au)
Based on data and advice from the 5 collaborating centres and other experts, the WHO makes biannual recommendations on suitable influenza strains to be included in the next seasonal vaccine (in February for the Northern Hemisphere and in September for the Southern Hemisphere). (health.gov.au)
Administration of CSL's 2010 Southern Hemisphere influenza vaccine has been associated with increased postmarketing reports of fever and febrile seizures in children predominantly below the age of 5 years as compared to previous years. (drugs.com)

H3N2 viruses can infect birds and mammals. (wikipedia.org)
Influenza B and C are human viruses do not infect birds. (powershow.com)

We report here the isolation of swine influenza A viruses with haemagglutinin and nucleoprotein genes which are virtually identical to those of the human virus that circulated in 1975. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Evolution of influenza A virus nucleoprotein genes: Implications for the origins of HINI human and classical swine viruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Because these viruses contain a novel combination of genes, little is known about the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of human infections. (blogspot.com)
The real time RT-PCR targeted specific sequences of HA and NA genes for pH1N1 or cH3N2 influenza viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Do viruses ever reassort across these lines-like influenza A and C exchanging HA genes or something? (virology.ws)
genes from some influenza A viruses of the N1 subtype. (wikigenes.org)
Orthopoxviruses and Monkeypox virus were detected in the organs by PCR using consensus primers targeting the virus surface membrane haemagglutinin (HA) genes, while Leptospira species were detected by PCR using primers targeting the rrs and lfb1 genes. (bvsalud.org)

Eighteen human infections with swine-origin influenza A (H3N2) viruses have been identified since 2009 ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
These viruses are considered reassortant viruses between a swine-origin influenza A (H3N2) virus circulating in North American swine and a pH1N1 virus. (cdc.gov)
All five cases were infected with swine-origin influenza A (H3N2) viruses. (cdc.gov)

The best way to prevent influenza and its complications is an annual influenza vaccine. (cdc.gov)

We evaluated the immunogenicity, safety and clinical effectiveness of an MF59(®)-adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine (aTIV) compared with a non-adjuvanted vaccine (TIV) in subjects ≥65 years old, with or without co-morbidities. (nih.gov)
Consequently the seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine contains an influenza B virus component. (virology.ws)

On November 20, 2011, CDC confirmed three cases of swine-origin triple reassortant influenza A (H3N2) (S-OtrH3N2) virus infection in children in two counties in Iowa. (cdc.gov)
Triple reassortant swine influenza A viruses have circulated in swine herds in North America since 1998 ( 1 - 3 ). (blogspot.com)

Melidou A, K?dm?n C, Nahapetyan K, Kraus A, Alm E,. Influenza returns with a season dominated by clade 3C.2a1b.2a.2 A(H3N2) viruses, WHO European Region, 2021/22 . (flu.org.cn)
In the WHO European Region, COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions continued slowing influenza circulation in the 2021/22 season, with reduced characterisation data. (flu.org.cn)
And in mid to late 2021, what you could see to the right is there was an increase in influenza virus activity. (cdc.gov)
Since the last risk assessment on 21 May 2021, one new laboratory-confirmed human case of influenza A(H5N6) virus infection was reported from China to WHO on 30 May 2021. (who.int)

First H3N2 Variant Virus Infection Reported for 2012. (cdc.gov)
CDC will host a telephone-only media availability to provide an update on the domestic influenza A (H3N2) variant ("H3N2v") virus situation. (cdc.gov)
During August 2011, the first known human infection with influenza A (H3N2) variant [A(H3N2)v] virus containing the pH1N1 matrix (M) gene was reported in the United States ( 9 ). (blogspot.com)

IDPH has instructed health-care providers to obtain respiratory specimens from patients with ILI for influenza diagnostic testing at SHL. (cdc.gov)

99%) of the influenza viruses tested this season are susceptible to the four FDA-approved influenza antiviral medications recommended for use in the US this season. (medscape.com)

Seasonal H3N2 flu is a human flu from H3N2 that is slightly different from one of the previous year's flu season H3N2 variants. (wikipedia.org)
Influenza A variants with reduced in vitro sensitivity to amantadine have been isolated from epidemic strains in areas where adamantane derivatives are being used. (nih.gov)
The quantitative relationship between the in vitro sensitivity of influenza A variants to amantadine and the clinical response to therapy has not been established. (nih.gov)
If we have a serious influenza season, and if the omicron variants continue to cause principally mild disease, this coming winter could be a much worse flu season than COVID," Schaffner warns. (wknofm.org)

We have also found serological evidence that this virus is circulating extensively in Quebec swine herds. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The child, whose infection with influenza A (H3N2) virus was confirmed several weeks later by serologic testing, did not have direct swine exposure, and most likely acquired infection from close contact with her father. (cdc.gov)

Influenza B virions have four proteins in the envelope: HA, NA, NB, and BM2. (virology.ws)
The M1 protein lies just below the membrane, as in influenza A and B virions. (virology.ws)
A substantial fraction (up to 50) of influenza virions contain large helical internal components (A, B), which may contain individual ribonucleoprotein (RNP) segments (C) linked together. (powershow.com)

Influenza vaccine remains our best means for prevention, and it's still not too late to get the influenza vaccine. (medscape.com)
Prevention of influenza is the most effective management strategy. (medscape.com)

Anatomy21

Organisms77

Diseases19

Chemicals and Drugs49

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes51

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care13

Geographicals3

H1N141

Subtypes14

Pandemic12

Antigenic19

Hemagglutinin11

Victoria14

19684

Hong Kong4

Cases of influenza5

Avian influenza viruses1

Vaccines19

Epidemics8

Humans19

Antibody9

Vaccination12

Antibodies5

Positive for influenza5

Strains of Influenza A vir1

Antigens2

Different influenza2

Surveillance18

Isolates3

Viral9

Abstract2

Yamagata3

20231

Characterization1

Antigenically3

H5N12

Neuraminidase3

Predominant influenza virus subtype1

H1N21

Centers for Diseas4

Illness16

Vaccine strains2

Types of influenza1

Pigs3

Epidemiology3

20191

Hemisphere4

Infect birds2

Genes7

Swine-origin influenza3

Annual influenza1

Trivalent influenza vaccine2

Reassortant2

20214

Variant3

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Variants4

Serological1

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Virions3

Prevention2