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GymnospermsAngiospermsPiceaCycasConiferophytaPinusTaxusPinaceaeGinkgo bilobaPinus taedaCycadophytaPhylogenyZamiaceaeEphedraFernsTreesSelaginellaceaeGenes, PlantOvuleOcoteaCambiumPseudotsugaLigninCupressaceaeDNA, PlantEvolution, MolecularPlantsGnetumPlant ProteinsGenome, ChloroplastGenome, PlantBryophytaThysanopteraCunninghamiaPinus sylvestrisPhloemSeedsGene Expression Regulation, PlantDNA ShufflingViridiplantaeFossilsExtinction, BiologicalCryptomeriaWoodSeed DispersalFlowersMolecular Sequence DataDNA, ChloroplastRNA, PlantBiological EvolutionExpressed Sequence TagsDiterpenes, KauranePlant LeavesPollen

SpeciesCycadsFernsAngiospermsSeedsFlowering plantsGeneraBennettitalesSeedlessMossesTaxaShrubsCycadeoidsAngiospermPollinationPinesGnetophytaLiving GymnospermsExtantGenusEvolutionaryAmberGnetalesGinkgoGroup of gymnospermsWoodyGnetumOvariesFossil recordReproduceGnetophytesMillion yeaClassificationLongFoliageConesPresent-dayFoundTypeLifeQuestionWild

Species16

• Genus of one species of deciduous, coniferous tree (gymnosperm) from South China, extinct in the wild but preserved as an ornamental tree particularly in Temple gardens in China and Japan. (bonsai4me.com)
• Their seeds can get dispersed into new areas, and this prevents a species from going extinct. (answerbag.com)
• 1. Gymnosperms are a small group of seed plants which are represented by only 900 living species. (biologydiscussion.com)
• Gymnosperms populated the planet with hundreds of thousands of species during the age of the dinosaurs and served them as food. (adaptonics.com)
• The living Gnetophyta consists of around 70 species across the three genera Gnetum , Welwitschia , and Ephedra .The gnetophytes differ from other gymnosperms The plant division. (absoluteastronomy.com)
• Cycads also have large seeds when compared to other gymnosperms, with the largest cycad seeds belonging to Macrozamia species (Jones 2002). (masit.ca)
• c) hiromi8787/Fotolia Conifers (division Pinophyta) are the largest gymnosperm group that include shrubs and trees with seven extinct family groups as well as 545 different species. (wenlockplan.org)
• However, most amber is from extinct species because the resign was exude so long ago. (ruangguru.com)
• Cycas and Ginkgo are known as living fossils because they have not yet altered over the years while its related members or species have become extinct or fossilized. (hack-tivateed.org)
• It is the only living species present in the division Ginkgophyta while all the other species have become extinct. (hack-tivateed.org)
• There have been many more species that have gone extinct over the past 100 million years. (subpubpizza.com)
• They include approximately 70 species of gymnosperms that each exhibit a number of flowering characteristics which have led people to believe they may be the predecessors to the flowering angiosperm plants. (subpubpizza.com)
• Further, climate change is starting to impact plants and is likely to cause many species to become extinct by 2100. (upcscavenger.com)
• There have been few known global extinctions so far, but many additional species have not been recorded recently and may be extinct. (kib.ac.cn)
• To maintain that because human races decline and degenerate the human species must also do so, is the same as to maintain that because many types of vegetation and of animal life have become extinct all plants and all animals must ultimately do so. (co.ke)
• Globally, one species of plant in five is threatened of extinction and around two thousand plant species become extinct annually in the tropics and subtropics. (planta.ngo)

Cycads10

• As long as 245 million years ago, the gymnosperms (plants with exposed seeds, such as ginkgos, cycads, redwoods, pines and their long-extinct relatives) were the dominant plant form, accompanied by mosses, ferns, and liverworts. (baynature.org)
• Cycas is also called living fossil because it possesses a number of characters of extinct pteridosperms and cycads. (biologydiscussion.com)
• Cycads are gymnosperms - ancient plants which produce seeds exposed to the air allowing them to be directly fertilized by pollinators. (tallahassee.com)
• Many cycads are extinct, and those remaining are much the same as they were during the Jurassic period. (tallahassee.com)
• Seedless plants, such as ferns and club mosses that required tremendous amounts of moisture, began to cede territory to the Ferns, cycads, club mosses, whisk ferns, gymnosperms, the first plants to reproduce using seeds. (fliphtml5.com)
• The wind-pollinated gymnosperms, cone-bearing woody shrubs and trees, are represented here by cycads, conifers, 136 A Botanic Garden for the Nation ginkgoes, and gnetophytes. (fliphtml5.com)
• Ginkgoes cyckos, meaning palm-like), cycads are are gymnosperms, among the first of the actually related to conifers, plants they seed-bearing plants. (fliphtml5.com)
• Cycads are gymnosperms arising from an ancient lineage, and are considered to be the most primitive of the living seed-bearing plants (Norstog 1997, Jones 2002). (masit.ca)
• The cycads belong to a large class of trees known as the gymnosperms, which are non-flowering seed-bearing plants with "naked seeds" in their ovules that are directly exposed to pollen grains (Norstog et al. (masit.ca)
• During the Triassic Period most of the plants that grew on the ground were ferns while most canopy plants were gymnosperms (plants with exposed seeds), cycadeoids (an extinct type of plant), cycads, and ginkgoes (which both are still surviving types of plant. (wequil.school)

Ferns6

• These innovations define key turning points in the history of green plants, and they are what separate the major plant groups: green algae, mosses and liverworts, ferns, gymnosperms and flowering plants. (nybg.org)
• It's from these seed ferns that gymnosperms arose. (sciencing.com)
• Plant Groups 1.Bryophytes-Mosses (seedless, non- vascular) 2.Seedless vascular plants-Ferns 3.Gymnosperms-Evergreens 4.Angiosperms-Flowering. (fdocuments.in)
• The nearest relatives are thought to be the long extinct Pteridospermales (seed ferns) (Norstog 1997). (masit.ca)
• For more details on the three groups of botanicals that comprise trees, check out the fern (e.g. those ferns that grow in trees) gymnosperm (including conifers) and angiosperm (the flowers of plants). (wenlockplan.org)
• Following the evolution of the seed habit, seed crops diversified, giving rise to a number of now-extinct groups, together with seed ferns, as properly as the modern gymnosperms and angiosperms. (deceleste.com.uy)

Angiosperms9

• Gymnosperms, especially conifers, are still common and very successful but have been outpaced by the angiosperms, which have spread to every conceivable corner of the earth. (baynature.org)
• The seed-bearing plants are then divided into angiosperms and gymnosperms . (sciencing.com)
• This means that unlike in flowering or fruiting angiosperms , the reproductive structures on gymnosperms are not encased in a protective ovary. (sciencing.com)
• While gymnosperms continued to dominate the Earth throughout the Mesozoic Era, angiosperms arose and quickly overtook gymnosperms as the dominant plants after the angiosperms evolved around 125 million years ago. (sciencing.com)
• Gymnosperms are unique from angiosperms in their pollination process in that they depend almost solely on wind and other natural phenomena in order to disperse pollen and fertilize eggs. (sciencing.com)
• 2. Gymnosperms are more ancient than the angiosperms. (biologydiscussion.com)
• Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies. (absoluteastronomy.com)
• Terpenoids are produced by Gymnosperms (conifers) and Angiosperms. (ruangguru.com)
• Pteridophytes succeeded thallophytes, spermatophytes succeeded lepidophytes, angiosperms succeeded gymnosperms, and dicotyledons at last crowned the series of vegetal dynasties. (co.ke)

Seeds6

• Gymnosperms are vascular land plants that use seeds as their reproductive structures with those seeds appearing as "bare" or "naked seeds. (sciencing.com)
• It is the only group of plants found in Gnetaceae.They are gymnosperms, meaning their seeds are "naked" and not covered unlike flowering plants. (amcairlines.com)
• Gymnosperms evolved to have seeds but do not have flowers. (greatgreenwedding.com)
• Gymnosperms are, those seed plants in which the seeds remain exposed over the surface of the megasporophylls because the latter are not folded to form pistils. (biologydiscussion.com)
• Some extinct members of Ephedra from the Early Cretaceous, such as Ephedra carnosa , as well as Arlenea from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil have fleshy bracts surrounding the seeds, suggesting that these seeds were dispersed by animals. (wikipedia.org)
• They reproduce by using exposed seeds (gymnosperm), much like pines and fir trees. (hack-tivateed.org)

Flowering plants3

• There, an ancient vegetation consting of early flowering plants, diverse gnetaleans and extinct gymnosperms was growing under hot, semiarid climate. (senckenberg.de)
• The flowering plants appeared in the early Cretaceous Period and would rapidly diversify throughout the end of the era, replacing conifers and other gymnosperms as the dominant group of plants. (detailedpedia.com)
• The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from the common ancestor of all living gymnosperms before the end of the Carboniferous , over 300 million years ago. (upcscavenger.com)

Genera5

• The plant division Gnetophyta or gnetophytes consists of three genera of woody plants grouped in the gymnosperms. (absoluteastronomy.com)
• The term 'form genera' is used to name the fossil plants because the whole plant is not recovered as fossils instead organs or parts of the extinct plants are obtained in fragments. (samacheer-kalvi.com)
• Ephedraceae is a family of gymnosperms belonging to Gnetophyta , it contains only a single extant genus, Ephedra , as well as a number of extinct genera from the Early Cretaceous . (wikipedia.org)
• Approximately 50% of all genera became extinct, including all of the non- avian dinosaurs. (detailedpedia.com)
• The living fossil signifies a living unaffected example of an extinct group or genera etc. (hack-tivateed.org)

Bennettitales2

• The extinct gymnosperm group, Bennettitales (cycadeoids) is mostly commonly represented in the Moab, Utah area by the genus Cycadeoidea , found as large flattened chert disks (up to 1.5 meters diameter). (confex.com)
• The gymnosperms are comprised of eight orders, with three extinct (Cordaitales, Bennettitales and Glossopteridales) and five still living (Gingkoales, Cycadales, Pinales, Taxales and Gnetales) (Jones 2002). (masit.ca)

Seedless1

• Gymnosperms The gymnosperms probably evolved from an extinct phylum of seedless vascular plants, the progymnosperms, that appeared about million years ago. (spitswimclub.org)

Mosses1

• Included in the lycophytes are club mosses, quillworts and spike mosses plus a number of extinct groups such as the scale trees. (greatgreenwedding.com)

Taxa1

• Extinct taxa are not included. (wikipedia.org)

Shrubs1

• Gymnosperms are divided into 12 families of trees, shrubs and woody vines. (wikipedia.org)

Cycadeoids1

• The chert disks have either sand filled cores, or have a narrow ring of manoxylic wood composed of scalariform tracheids, a simple type of gymnosperm wood found in cycadeoids. (confex.com)

Angiosperm3

• not herbaceous List of plant family names with etymologies The taxonomy (classification) in this list follows the Gymnosperm section of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, and largely follows Plants of the World (2017). (wikipedia.org)
• It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant. (absoluteastronomy.com)
• Gymnosperm or Angiosperm? (woodsoftheworld.org)

Pollination2

• Long-proboscid kalligrammatid lacewings lived in ecosystems with gymnosperm-insect relationships and likely accessed bennettitalean pollination drops and pollen. (uncommondescent.com)
• The smaller size of the pollen reduces the time between pollination and fertilization , which in gymnosperms is up to a year. (upcscavenger.com)

Pines1

• It is a family of gymnosperms related to present day kauri pines and monkey puzzle trees as described by Lambert and Wu. (myanmarambermuseum.org)

Gnetophyta2

• Distinguishing characteristics of the phylum Gnetophyta include the presence of both tracheids and vessels in their xylem tissue, a unique fertilization feature in which a tube grows from the eggs to unite with pollen tubes, and being the only division of gymnosperms that undergo double fertilization. (subpubpizza.com)
• Gnetophyta A remarkable and probably artificial division of gymnosperms that comprises only the Gnetales. (subpubpizza.com)

Living Gymnosperms2

• Types of Living Gymnosperms 3. (biologydiscussion.com)
• Living gymnosperms are divided into four groups- Cycadopsida, Ginkgopsida, Coniferopsida and Gnetopsida. (biologydiscussion.com)

Extant2

• Extant papilionoid butterflies (Lepidoptera) probably originated 80-70 Ma, long after kalligrammatids became extinct. (uncommondescent.com)
• 2011. A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms. (kib.ac.cn)

Genus1

• Welwitschia is a monotypic genus of gymnosperm plant, composed solely of the very distinct Welwitschia mirabilis. (absoluteastronomy.com)

Evolutionary2

• This gave seed plants like the newly evolved gymnosperms an evolutionary edge over other non-seed bearing plants, which allowed them to rapidly spread and diversify. (sciencing.com)
• In general, I use the fossil record to reconstruct evolutionary patterns and relationships of extinct and living plants. (ku.edu)

Amber2

• Amber is a plant secretion that is an efficient preservative that doesn't get degraded and hence can preserve remains of extinct life forms. (samacheer-kalvi.com)
• The amber is produced by Pinites succinifera, a Gymnosperm. (samacheer-kalvi.com)

Gnetales1

• The gymnosperms consist of five orders of seed plants: Cupressales, Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Gnetales and Pinales. (wikipedia.org)

Ginkgo1

• Ginkgo leaves The leathery fan-shaped leaves Ginkgo trees ( Ginkgo biloba ) A gymnosperm. (wenlockplan.org)

Group of gymnosperms1

• It is smaller group of gymnosperms which have palm-like habit and fern-like foliage. (biologydiscussion.com)

Woody1

• 3. All gymnosperms are perennial and woody, forming either bushes or trees. (biologydiscussion.com)

Gnetum1

• Gnetum africanum : Source: Gymnosperms of North America Update, database (version 2010) Acquired: 2010 : Notes: Updated for ITIS by the Flora of North America Expertise Network, in connection with an update for USDA PLANTS (2007-2010) Reference for: Gnetum africanum : Source: The PLANTS Database, database (version 4.0.4) Acquired: 1996 : Notes: Report for CARPE. (amcairlines.com)

Ovaries1

• flowers with fruits, which are ripened ovaries) or cones (for the gymnosperms - by enlarged strobolis' -- male and female cones) You could study the transition of plants from the Charocypeans (sp? (answerbag.com)

Fossil record1

• Scientists have used the fossil record to create a timeline of the evolution of gymnosperms. (sciencing.com)

Reproduce1

• Similar to other plants, gymnosperms reproduce via an alternation of generations. (sciencing.com)

Gnetophytes1

• The gnetophytes sit within the class Pinopsida which includes all gymnosperm plants and belong to the sub-class Gnetidae. (subpubpizza.com)

Million yea2

• The first evidence of gymnosperms arose during the middle Devonian Period in the Paleozoic Era around 390 million years ago. (sciencing.com)
• 65 to 120 million years ago to be more exact, in the area now called Myanmar, there were large stands of forests containing a now extinct tree, Araucariaceae, also known as araucarians. (myanmarambermuseum.org)

Classification1

• In early classification schemes, the gymnosperms (Gymnospermae) were regarded as a "natural" group. (absoluteastronomy.com)

Long1

• A serpentine path imprinted with the European water clover footprints of long-extinct creatures winds among dark, needle- (Marsilea quadrifolia). (fliphtml5.com)

Foliage1

• There are other Gymnosperms that have their foliage not quite … It imparts colour to the seed. (amcairlines.com)

Cones2

• While this life cycle can be generalized to most gymnosperms, not all gymnosperms use cones. (sciencing.com)
• Some gymnosperms, however, make only one of those types of cones on each plant. (sciencing.com)

Present-day1

• and horsetails thrive in the moist air of Though many primitive plants became extinct, present-day the Garden Primeval. (fliphtml5.com)

Found1

• I also like to think that they gain a new found appreciation for (extinct) biodiversity by making hands on observations and preparations of plants that are millions of years old! (ku.edu)

Type1

• It is true that the lower types did not become extinct, but in almost every case, both in the vegetable and in the animal kingdom, the leading form of each type perished, and only the less specialized forms have come down to us. (co.ke)

Life1

• The life cycle of a common gymnosperm, a conifer, is an example of a general gymnosperm life cycle. (sciencing.com)

Question1

• Question 3: What are gymnosperms? (wequil.school)

Wild1

• Write the name of wild gymnosperm from Rajasthan. (rbsesolutions.com)