NucleotidesDeoxyguanosine triphosphateDiphosphateNucleotide exchanNucleoside triphosphateHydrolysisHypoxanthineMonophosphateAdeninePhosphate groupsDGTPProteinsRibosePurineAnalogsCytosineBoundGTPasesCellularGEFsConvertsGlucagonProteinDeficiencyReceptorsInhibitionMutationsSequencesEnzymesMechanismStructuralCellsPresenceEnergy
Nucleotides10
- The study aimed to predict the trends of age-related changes in erythrocyte guanine nucleotides and examine whether competitive sport and related physical training promote beneficial adaptations in erythrocyte guanylate concentrations. (bvsalud.org)
- Results: The concentration of erythrocyte GTP and total guanine nucleotides (TGN) were highest in the SP group, lower in the EN group, and lowest in the CO group. (bvsalud.org)
- On the other hand, guanine is also a purine base, and it too plays a significant role in the formation of nucleotides in DNA and RNA. (difference.wiki)
- Dual inhibitory and stimulatory actions of guanine nucleotides on luteinizing-hormone (LH) exocytosis were observed in primary sheep gonadotropes permeabilized with staphylococcal alpha-toxin. (ox.ac.uk)
- A similar inhibition was observed with adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate, probably by its conversion into GTP[S]. These results suggest that the stimulatory actions of guanine nucleotides can be accounted for by the combined activation of PKC and generation of cAMP, resulting from activation of conventional signal-transducing GTP-binding proteins. (ox.ac.uk)
- Guanine nucleotides did not affect the proton leak of the vesicles. (wustl.edu)
- Pyrimidine nucleotides stimulated fMet-Leu-Phe-induced O2- formation in the effectiveness order uridine 5'-O-[3-thio]triphosphate (UTP[gamma S]) = UTP greater than CTP. (uni-regensburg.de)
- Host inosine-5'- monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) involved in the synthesis of guanine nucleotides, is known to be a potential target to inhibit the replication of viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
- Growing evidences support that inhibition of IMPDH decreases intracellular levels of guanosine nucleotides in DNA or RNA synthesis, thereby indirectly inhibits virus replication which requires host guanine nucleotides as raw materials [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Purines, such as adenine and guanine nucleotides, are derived from the nucleotide inosine monophosphate (IMP) since purines are synthesized as ribonucleotides and not as free nucleobases (as opposed to pyrimidines that are synthesized first as a free base). (biologyonline.com)
Deoxyguanosine triphosphate6
- Draw the structure of guanine, guanosine, and deoxyguanosine triphosphate. (quizlet.com)
- PNP deficiency results in the accumulation of deoxyguanosine, which is converted to deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP) by deoxycytidine kinase specific to lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)
- There is an intracellular accumulation of their deoxy triphosphate compounds, particularly deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP). (medilib.ir)
- What Is Deoxyguanosine Triphosphate (dGTP)? (excedr.com)
- Deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP) is a nucleotide with a purine base (guanine), deoxyribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. (excedr.com)
- dGTP is also referred to using the names 2′-deoxyguanosine-5′-triphosphate, 2′-deoxyguanosine triphosphate, and deoxy-GTP. (excedr.com)
Diphosphate5
- Ras-GTPases are considered inactive when bound to guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and active when bond to guanosine triphosphate (GTP). (bionity.com)
- GDP, guanosine-5'-diphosphate, and GMP, guanosine-5'-monophosphate) is an essential energy donor in various biological processes (eg protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis) and secures several vital regulatory functions in the human body. (bvsalud.org)
- Guanosine diphosphate (GDP) bound to the alpha-subunit is exchanged for guanosine triphosphate (GTP), and the GTP-bound alpha-subunit then dissociates from beta- and gamma-subunits. (statuskduniya.in)
- As for the nitrogenous base (or nucleobase) component, the common bases are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U). Depending on the number of phosphates that make up the compound, the ribonucleotide may be designated as monophosphate (having only one phosphate group), diphosphate (having two phosphate groups), and triphosphate (having three phosphate groups). (biologyonline.com)
- Eventually, uridine diphosphate (UDP) and uridine triphosphate (UTP) are produced down the biosynthetic pathway by kinases and dephosphorylation of ATPs. (biologyonline.com)
Nucleotide exchan2
- In cell signalling , Son of Sevenless , or SOS , is a gene encoding a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that acts on Ras - GTPases . (bionity.com)
- Structure of Shigella IpgB2 in complex with human RhoA: implications for the mechanism of bacterial guanine nucleotide exchange factor mimicry. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
Nucleoside triphosphate1
- dGTP is a nucleoside triphosphate having extensive roles and uses in organisms and in vitro lab workflows. (excedr.com)
Hydrolysis3
- It is responsible for the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to form 7,8 dihydroneopterin 3 triphosphate. (fr-academic.com)
- The role of Mg2+ cofactor in the guanine nucleotide exchange and GTP hydrolysis reactions of Rho family GTP-binding proteins. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
- Recent studies have shown that pathological mutations of LRRK2 can reduce the rate of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis, increase kinase activity and GTP binding activity, and subsequently cause cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
Hypoxanthine2
- PNP is an enzyme in the purine salvage pathway that metabolizes inosine and guanosine to hypoxanthine. (medscape.com)
- PNP is expressed at high levels in lymphocytes and causes the release of ribose phosphate by converting inosine to hypoxanthine, guanosine to guanine, and deoxyguanosine to guanine. (frontiersin.org)
Monophosphate1
- IMP is then converted into either adenosine monophosphate (AMP) or guanosine monophosphate (GMP). (biologyonline.com)
Adenine8
- Adenine vs. Guanine: What's the Difference? (difference.wiki)
- Adenine and guanine are integral components of the molecular structures of DNA and RNA. (difference.wiki)
- The importance of adenine and guanine cannot be overstated. (difference.wiki)
- Errors in pairing, where adenine might mistakenly pair with guanine or vice versa, can lead to mutations which may have detrimental effects on the organism. (difference.wiki)
- Adenine is a component of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule involved in energy transfer. (difference.wiki)
- Guanine has a slightly more complex molecular structure compared to adenine. (difference.wiki)
- What are adenine and guanine? (difference.wiki)
- Adenine and guanine are nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA. (difference.wiki)
Phosphate groups2
- a guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. (medindex.am)
- ˌjē-(ˌ)tē-ˈpē: an energy-rich nucleotide analogous to ATP that is composed of guanine, ribose, and three phosphate groups and is necessary for peptide-bond formation during protein synthesis. (statuskduniya.in)
DGTP3
- The triphosphates of the four analogs were all competitive inhibitors when dGTP was the variable substrate with both the viral and the cellular DNA polymerases with activated calf thymus DNA or poly(dC)oligo(dG)12-18 as template. (neb.com)
- Each of the deoxynucleoside triphosphates, including dGTP, forms a phosphodiester bond to form new strands of DNA, using DNA polymerase enzyme and energy. (excedr.com)
- In this article, we will cover the functions of dGTP, how it performs those functions, its structural characteristics, and how it is different from GTP (guanosine triphosphate). (excedr.com)
Proteins3
- These observations suggest that guanine nucleotide regulatory (N) proteins play a role in phagocyte activation by chemotactic factors. (psu.edu)
- Guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins (G proteins) are expressed in a heterogeneous manner in the mammalian kidney. (wustl.edu)
- Neutrophil nucleotide receptors are coupled to guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins. (uni-regensburg.de)
Ribose1
Purine2
- Guanine is a purine base found in both DNA and RNA. (difference.wiki)
- Recent studies were pioneered in host purine metabolic pathway, a conserved process responsible for providing host cells with a ready supply of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) for critical cellular processes [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Analogs3
- Reference: Inhibition of herpes simplex virus-induced DNA polymerases and cellular DNA polymerase alpha by triphosphates of acyclic guanosine analogs. (neb.com)
- The triphosphates of the antiherpes acyclic guanosine analogs (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of 9-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)guanine [BCVTP and (S)-DHBGTP], 9-(4-hydroxybutyl)guanine (HBGTP), and 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (ACVTP) were investigated for their effects on partially purified DNA polymerases of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) as well as cellular DNA polymerase alpha of calf thymus and Vero cells. (neb.com)
- A decrease in the ability of calf thymus DNA to serve as primer template for HSV-2 DNA polymerase was observed after preincubation with the triphosphates of the acyclic guanosine analogs. (neb.com)
Cytosine6
- A methylated cytosine base has the following structure: Would you expect the methylation of cytosine to affect the hydrogen bonding between cytosine and guanine in a DNA double helix? (quizlet.com)
- Guanine, in contrast, pairs up with cytosine in the DNA structure, forming three hydrogen bonds between them. (difference.wiki)
- Guanine remains consistent in its pairing, partnering with cytosine even in RNA structures. (difference.wiki)
- Guanine forms three hydrogen bonds with cytosine in DNA. (difference.wiki)
- The triple bond between guanine and cytosine adds stability to DNA. (difference.wiki)
- Due to its structure, guanine forms a strong bond with cytosine. (difference.wiki)
Bound2
- SOS (and other guanine nucleotide exchange factors) act by binding Ras-GTPases and forcing them to release of their bound nucleotide (usually GDP). (bionity.com)
- It is postulated that the mechanism by which Mg2+ and receptors facilitate N activation involves dissociation of n alpha activated ADP-ribosylatable subunits (with guanine nucleotide bound to them) from n beta non-ADP-ribosylatable subunits (with receptor and Mg2+ bound to them). (nih.gov)
GTPases2
- Activation of GEFs is required to set off the regulatory signaling of GTPases (GTP stands for guanosine triphosphate). (cincinnatichildrens.org)
- A novel group of bacterial virulence factors termed the WXXXE family has emerged as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for these GTPases. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
Cellular3
- GTP, containing guanine, is pivotal for some cellular functions. (difference.wiki)
- Most eukaryotic cellular mRNAs are modified at their 5 ́ends by the addition of a 7-methyl guanosine (m 7 G) residue in a 5 ́ → 5 ́ triphosphate linkage to the first encoded nucleotide of the transcript. (neb.com)
- The Krebs cycle is part of the aerobic degradative process in eukaryotes known as cellular respiration, which is a process that generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by oxidizing energy-rich fuel molecules. (encyclopedia.com)
GEFs1
- The researchers also wanted to make sure Rhosin effectively blocked what are known as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). (cincinnatichildrens.org)
Converts1
- PNP also converts guanosine to guanine. (medilib.ir)
Glucagon1
Protein3
- Guanine is an essential component of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), a molecule used in protein synthesis. (difference.wiki)
- Inhibition of luteinizing-hormone exocytosis by guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate reveals involvement of a GTP-binding protein distal to second-messenger generation. (ox.ac.uk)
- Conclusions and Clinical Relevance -Results of our study affirm the presence of guanine nucleotide binding protein linked adenosine receptors (ie, high-affinity A 1 and A 2a adenosine receptors) in equine forebrain tissues and reveal the antagonistic actions by caffeine and several biologically active caffeine metabolites. (avma.org)
Deficiency1
- The latter is toxic to T cells, a property similar to deoxyadenosine triphosphate in ADA deficiency [ 32-34 ]. (medilib.ir)
Receptors1
Inhibition1
- No inhibition was observed with deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate as substrate and poly(dA)oligo(dT)12-18 as template. (neb.com)
Mutations1
- Mutations can arise if guanine is mistakenly paired with another base. (difference.wiki)
Sequences1
- Guanine plays a key role in the formation of nucleotide sequences. (difference.wiki)
Enzymes1
- A particular example is the ability of enzymes to discriminate between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP) (Figure 1). (statuskduniya.in)
Mechanism1
- Mignery GA, Sudhof TC: The ligand binding site and transduction mechanism in the inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor. (smpdb.ca)
Structural1
- Guanine is crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of genetic material. (difference.wiki)
Cells1
- Guanine nucleotide is a critical energy source and signaling component of cells. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
Presence1
Energy1
- GTP - (= guanosine 5 triphosphate) Like ATP a source of phosphorylating potential, but is separately synthesized and takes part in a limited, distinct set of energy requiring processes. (fr-academic.com)