This is, as far as is known, the first definitive identification of the meta-cleavage pathway for aromatic ring degradation in a eukaryotic alga, though its incidence in other eukaryotes has been (infrequently) suggested. (lancs.ac.uk)
A number of bacteria that can degrade a variety of aromatic compounds have been identified and the pathways involved in the degradation have been extensively characterized [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
2021. Differential roles of three different upper pathway meta ring cleavage product hydrolases in the degradation of dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran by Sphingomonas wittichii strain RW1. (nih.gov)
The 26S proteasome is essential for proteostasis and the regulation of vital processes through ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated substrates. (elifesciences.org)
These results provide important insight into interaction networks that coordinate conformational changes with various stages of degradation, and how modulators of conformational equilibria may influence substrate turnover. (elifesciences.org)
The analysis of both the metagenome of the consortium and the reconstructed metagenome-assembled genomes show that the most abundant bacterial genus in the consortium, Acidocella , possess many of the genes required for the degradation of diesel fuel aromatic hydrocarbons, which are often the most toxic component. (springeropen.com)
Compounds11
It can also degrade aromatic compounds, uptake trace metal, and form symbiotic relationship. (wikipedia.org)
They play a key role in the metabolism of organic compounds by increasing their reactivity or water solubility or bringing about cleavage of the aromatic ring. (biomedcentral.com)
In the convergent mode, structurally diverse aromatic compounds are converted to one of a few aromatic ring cleavage substrates such as catechol, gent sate, protocatechuate and their derivatives [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Several aromatic compounds such as biphenyl, phenols, anysols, diaryl-ethers present in the lignin structure contribute to their irregular and recalcitrant nature. (scielo.br)
The growth curve reflected a diauxic growth other uses for it, in particular lignosulfonates originating from when mixtures of the model compounds were used as carbon the sulfite pulping process, but the predominant technical lig- source. (lu.se)
Some of the enzymes which generate aromatic radicals that break down most prominent bacterial strains found were isolated and tax- the complex linkages present in lignin to compounds of lower onomically identified using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) se- molecular weight. (lu.se)
These biological nanopores have been designed to protect the interior of the bacterial cell from leakage of toxic compounds while selectively allowing the entry of the molecules needed for cell growth and function. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
A group of compounds with three aromatic rings joined in linear arrangement. (lookformedical.com)
A class of organic compounds containing a ring structure made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. (lookformedical.com)
In order to better understand the fate of commercial LAS coproducts in the environment, 14C-ring-labeled DATS and iso-LAS model compounds were synthesized and exposed to simulated activated sludge, soil, and receiving water environments. (cler.com)
Pathway7
phenol carbon is thus unequivocally assimilated by the alga, Phenol-grown cultures of O. danica converted phenols to the corresponding catechols, which were further metabolized by the meta-cleavage pathway, This surprising result was rigorously confirmed by taking the working stock culture through a variety of procedures to check that it was axenic and repeating the experiments with algal extracts. (lancs.ac.uk)
In this divergent mode, a metal-dependent dioxygenase channels these dihydroxylated intermediates into one of the two possible pathways: the meta -cleavage pathway or the ortho -cleavage pathway [ 7 - 9 ] (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
The downstream transformation of BA involved a meta -cleavage pathway, although its genetic organization and function was not revealed and the overall network of genes driving the full metabolic pathway of OPP is still not known. (nature.com)
2021. Separate upper pathway ring cleavage dioxygenases are required for growth of Sphingomonas wittichii strain RW1 on dibenzofuran and dibenzo-p-dioxin. (nih.gov)
Abnormal activation of this signaling pathway has been discovered in a wide range of human cancers which supports their aggressive growth, making this an attractive target for anticancer therapy 15 - 17 . (ntno.org)
We establish a pH dependant oligomerisation pathway forming tetrameric DEC-205 using solution-based techniques and ultimately solved the 4.9 Å cryo-EM structure of the DEC-205 tetramer to identify the unfurling of the second lectin ring which enables tetramer formation. (uci.edu)
Instead a lower energy pathway was proposed using a side-on Fe(III)-(hydro)peroxo proceeding to product through an epoxide intermediate.35 However recently conflicting results were obtained in a study of NBDO which showed that such a peroxo attack is more energetic than O-O bond cleavage. (biotech-angels.com)
Proteolytic cleavage1
A 13-amino acid peptide derived from proteolytic cleavage of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE, the N-terminal segment of ACTH. (lookformedical.com)
Enzymes5
Oxygenases belong to the oxidoreductive group of enzymes (E.C. Class 1), which oxidize the substrates by transferring oxygen from molecular oxygen (O 2 ) and utilize FAD/NADH/NADPH as the co-substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
Peripheral enzymes, particularly oxygenases and dehydrogenases, were found to transform structurally diverse substrates into one of these central intermediates by bringing about the hydroxylation of the aromatic nucleus (Fig. 2A ), and hence it is thought that bacteria have developed these enzymes to extend their substrate range [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of C-C, C-O, and C-N, and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation. (lookformedical.com)
Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation. (lookformedical.com)
In nature, there exist various enzymes that are capable of oxidizing target substrates with high selectivity. (rsc.org)
Benzoic acid1
Genomic analysis identified two orthologous operons encoding the ortho -cleavage of benzoic acid (BA) ( ben/cat ). (nature.com)
Oxygen4
the amount of oxygen consumed per mole of oxidized substrate was approximately 65% of the theoretical value. (lancs.ac.uk)
a heterocyclic ring is one having as ring members only carbon and at least one hetero atom selected from nitrogen and chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium) : The hetero ring contains five members including nitrogen and carbon (e.g., polyvinylpyrrolidone, etc. (everypatent.com)
We hope to direct the attention of readers to the latest breakthroughs of traditional oxygen functionalization reactions and to the potential of electrochemistry for the transformation of organic substrates to useful end products. (rsc.org)
For example, epoxides are versatile chemical intermediates that have been mainly produced from the oxygen functionalization of olefin substrates. (rsc.org)
Molecules3
16S lignin-derived mixtures of aromatic molecules. (lu.se)
At variance with the so far proposed theories on the light-induced hydrosilylation of Si surfaces, which is invariably considered as necessary for a covalent bonding in the presence of unsaturated carbon groups as the anchoring moiety to the surface, all the aromatic molecules tested here successfully anchored to HSi(100). (torvergata.it)
Commercial LAS, however, is a blend of LAS molecules that vary in terms of alkyl chain length, position of the benzene ring along the alkyl chain, and concentrations of coproducts called dialkyltetralin sulfonates and iso-LAS. (cler.com)
Hydroxyl1
In addition, the third coupling was achieved with the substrate bearing a free hydroxyl group. (acs.org)
Peptide1
The functional similarity between human and bacterial DPP4 was confirmed using 124 potential peptide substrates. (inra.fr)
Carbon2
This is clearly a major advantage to soil microbes which often find themselves in unfavorable environments containing low concentrations of carbon sources suitable for growth [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The molecular substrates tested (methyl-, ethyl-, and n-propylferrocene, 4-chlorotoluene, and 1-chloro-4-ethylbenzene) were chosen considering that the carbon atom directly attached to the benzene ring, C1, sits at a peculiar state of charge also by virtue of sigma-pi hyperconjugation effect and that it can be sterically hindered in its interaction to a surface if it becomes part of a longer chain. (torvergata.it)
Molecular1
The histamine molecule is a good ligand, which contains not only N atoms (from imidazole ring and aliphatic ammine) but also hydrogen atoms that are good for hydrogen bond formation and therefore are useful in molecular recognition. (hindawi.com)
Uptake1
These results contribute to a better more biomass-derived carbohydrates are also used for produc- understanding of the aromatic metabolism of P. putida in tion of chemicals, a further valorization of lignin is an essential terms of growth and uptake rates, which will be helpful for component. (lu.se)
Pathways1
In this context, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and its downstream pathways such as mTOR were found to play a significant role in many physiological processes, such as metabolism, motility, growth and proliferation 13 , 14 . (ntno.org)
Concentrations1
BZDO (60 μM) was reduced as described in the Supporting Information and mixed with a solution containing varied concentrations of substrate and O2 (see figure legends). (biotech-angels.com)
Species4
The n-hexanesoluble,acetone-soluble and water-soluble fractions obtained from the acetone extract of A. indica shoots inhibited thegermination and the growth of roots and shoots of six test plant species. (researchgate.net)
In light of our previous theoretical studies, a reaction mechanism is envisaged as involving radical species via a homolytic cleavage of the CH bond at the C1 atom of the molecule, induced through white light irradiation. (torvergata.it)
This overlooked aspect of lipid digestion ensures not only the intake of ALA from its main natural source, but also the main lipid source of energy for growth of some herbivorous species. (inra.fr)
It is shown that the step in which activated O2 first attacks the substrate is rate limiting and that this step is likely to involve a metal-bound species with superoxo character. (biotech-angels.com)
Enzyme4
We also solved the structure of the enzyme bound to the reaction products, nicotinamide and ADP ribose, and the non-hydrolysable substrate analogue benzamide adenine dinucleotide (BAD). (nature.com)
1,2 Interestingly, the active site of the MMO enzyme is comprised of copper-based particulate MMO (pMMO) and iron-based soluble MMO (sMMO) that selectively capture the methane substrate. (rsc.org)
Talaromyces thermophilus lipase (TTL) was found to hydrolyze monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) substrates presented in various forms to the enzyme. (inra.fr)
These later experiments suggest that the second galactose on galactolipid polar head impairs the enzyme adsorption on its aggregated substrate. (inra.fr)
Interact2
Because these inhibitors or substrates may interact at this time clean needles and syringes germany 1992 buprenorphine syringes netherlands 1968 heroin 5065% aimed at reducing germs on overestimated. (thehasse.org)
As in other protein unfoldases of the AAA+ family, the six Rpt subunits in the proteasome base use loops with conserved aromatic residues projecting into the central pore of the hexamer to interact with the substrate polypeptide, mechanically pull on it, and drive its translocation into the 20S core in an ATP hydrolysis-dependent manner. (elifesciences.org)
Bacterial1
This inhibition leads to a decrease in DNA synthesis during bacterial replication, resulting in cell growth inhibition and eventually cell lysis. (medindex.am)
Hydrolyze1
The BETA-LACTAMASES hydrolyze the beta lactam ring, accounting for BETA-LACTAM RESISTANCE of infective bacteria. (lookformedical.com)
Occurs1
Most ascorbic antioxidants such as mixing of formulations and quality requirements, one of the antipodes indicates in most sympathomimetic action of glucagon is regulation of herbs to treat tetanus identify the two aromatic rings compound.25 as hydroxylation also occurs typical herbal products are rose hips and citrus fruits. (thehasse.org)
Benzene2
LAS is often represented as a linear alkyl chain attached to a sulfonated benzene ring, as illustrated in Figure 1. (cler.com)
14C]benzene ring-labeled C12 linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) was synthesized by New England Nuclear and was shown by autoradiography of thin layer chromatograms (TLC) to be 97.5% radiochemically pure. (cler.com)
Heterocyclic1
In all cases the heterocyclic rings are almost perpendicular to the mean plane of the 1,4-dihydropyridinyl fragment. (researchgate.net)
Amino2
The structure bound to the substrate analogue along with mutagenesis of predicted critical amino acid residues led us to suggest a reaction mechanism distinct from all known NADases. (nature.com)
Furthermore, SPN treated mice exhibited better tumor growth inhibition as compared to the control groups and therapy response could be imaged at both early (24-48h) and later time points. (ntno.org)
Mechanism1
The structure in complex with a substrate analogue suggests a catalytic mechanism that is distinct from those of known NADases, ADP-ribosyl cyclases and transferases. (nature.com)
Roles1
In the past few decades, better understanding of cancer biology has led to the development of molecularly targeted kinase inhibitors that can specifically modulate the functions of one or more proteins which play critical roles in tumor growth 4 - 8 . (ntno.org)
Structure2
The DEC-205 monomer forms a compact structure comprising two intercalated rings of C-type lectin-like domains, where the N-terminal cysteine-rich and fibronectin domains reside at the central intersection. (uci.edu)
Thus, modulating such cellular events offers a way to disrupt tumor growth without significant toxicities. (ntno.org)
Cancer2
Deshpande N, Ramesh A, Nandi D, Nguyen A, Brouillard A, Kulkarni A. Supramolecular Polysaccharide Nanotheranostics that Inhibit Cancer Cells Growth and Monitor Targeted Therapy Response. (ntno.org)
FAP shares substrate specificity with prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP), studied in (neuro)inflammation and neurodegeneration as well as cancer. (inra.fr)
Sites1
The structures of the substrate binding sites were also conserved, except for the region called S2-extensive, which is exploited by specific human DPP4 inhibitors currently used as antidiabetic drugs. (inra.fr)
Found2
In addition to cleavage of NAD + to Nam and ADP-ribose, NADases found in animals act as ADP-ribosylcyclases, generating cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), a potent intracellular Ca 2+ mobilizing agent 7 . (nature.com)
Investigating the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteasome, we found that peripheral interactions between the lid subunit Rpn5 and the base AAA+ ATPase ring are important for stabilizing the substrate-engagement-competent state and coordinating the conformational switch to processing states upon substrate engagement. (elifesciences.org)
Base1
The nine-subunit lid binds to one side of the base and thus further expands the regulatory particle's asymmetry contributed by the heterohexameric ATPase ring. (elifesciences.org)
Active2
Cleavage of processing a tablet to obtain the active substance in and around the days activities. (thehasse.org)
Alternatively it could reflect steric effects on the substrate position in the active site. (biotech-angels.com)
Activity2
The inhibitory activity of the water-solublefraction was greatest, followed by that of the n-hexane-soluble and acetone-soluble fractions in all bioassays.Significant reductions in the germination and growth of the roots and hypocotyls were observed as the extractconcentration increased. (researchgate.net)
RESULTS: A combined kinetic assay was developed in conditions to optimally measure FAP as well as PREP activity with Z-Gly-Pro-AMC as substrate. (inra.fr)