Growth of axillary buds. Medical search. Frequent questions

Three theories of apical dominance, direct, diversion, and indirect, were proposed in the 1930s to explain how auxin synthesized in the shoot apex might inhibit axillary bud outgrowth, and thus shoot branching. (frontiersin.org)
Although there is ample evidence that the inhibition of bud outgrowth by auxin from the shoot apex is linked to stem elongation and highly branched auxin biosynthesis or signaling mutants are dwarf, the third theory proposed in the 1930s, the indirect theory, that explains apical dominance as auxin-induced stem growth indirectly inhibits bud outgrowth has been overlooked. (frontiersin.org)
The indirect theory did not propose how a growing stem might inhibit bud outgrowth. (frontiersin.org)
Since a growing stem is a strong sink for sugars, and sugar is indispensable for shoot branching, the indirect theory of apical dominance might now be explained as auxin-induced stem growth inhibits bud outgrowth by diverting sugars away from buds. (frontiersin.org)
Detailed study of the indirect theory and the effect of source-sink status on dormancy and outgrowth of axillary buds will advance our knowledge of apical dominance and shoot branching in plants. (frontiersin.org)
In some species, bud outgrowth is inhibited by signals from the apex of the main shoot, a phenomenon known as apical dominance. (frontiersin.org)
Soon after the discovery that the apical signal that inhibits axillary bud outgrowth is the plant hormone auxin ( Thimann and Skoog, 1933 ), three theories - direct, diversion, and indirect (Figure 1 ) - were proposed to explain the phenomenon of apical dominance (reviewed in Snow, 1937 ). (frontiersin.org)
It is now well established that auxin from the shoot apex inhibits bud outgrowth without entering into buds. (frontiersin.org)
According to the auxin transport canalization model, auxin export from a bud into a stem is a necessary condition for bud outgrowth. (frontiersin.org)
The second, diversion, theory of the 1930s explains the phenomenon of apical dominance as auxin from the shoot apex prevents growth promoting factors synthesized in roots and cotyledons from entering into buds and stimulate bud outgrowth. (frontiersin.org)
We obtained clear results, using reverse genetics approaches together with localization works, that glutamine synthetase (GS)1;2 was important in both the primary assimilation of NH4+ and outgrowth of axillary tiller buds, whereas GS1;1 is important in remobilization of N from senescing organs. (nii.ac.jp)
They can stimulate both the differentiation and the outgrowth of axillary buds. (answerlib.org)

A protocol for rapid in vitro propagation of Saccharum officinarum using meristem and axillary buds as explants was developed. (scialert.net)
In this paper, we report a micropropagation protocol of S. officinarum using apical and axillary buds as explants. (scialert.net)
Nodal explants, each containing an axillary bud, taken from in vitro grown shoots were inoculated in shoot proliferation medium, i.e., half strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzyl aminopurine (BAP), kinetin, glycine and gibberellic acid (GA 3 ). (oeno-one.eu)

Apical meristem and axillary buds were cultured to study micropropagation. (scialert.net)
The size of apical meristem was 4-5 mm and that of axillary bud 4-8 mm in diameter. (scialert.net)
Apical meristem and axillary buds were taken from plants grown in the field and dipped in a solution of ascorbic acid 100 mg l 1 and citric acid 150 mg l 1 for one hour. (scialert.net)
3) Three types of node portions-the first node (the base node near a rhizome tissue), middle nodes (upper nodes near the 1 st node), and the top meristem-were independently cultured in the SLCE, and it was found that the first node showed the best growth performance. (scirp.org)
By stimulating cell division , they regulate shoot meristem size, leaf primordia number, and leaf and shoot growth. (answerlib.org)
When the apical meristem is removed by means of centering, dormant buds grow out and form new shoots. (upasitearesearch.org)
Apical dominance (the inhibition of lateral bud formation) is triggered by auxins produced in the apical meristem (Boundless 2016). (driftlessprairies.org)
Reproductive failure in Arabidopsis thaliana under transient carbohydrate limitation: flowers and very young siliques are jettisoned and the meristem is maintained to allow successful resumption of reproductive growth. (mpg.de)

A branch develops from a bud derived from a group of meristematic cells in the axil of a leaf. (frontiersin.org)
A small growth node, called an axillary bud, is positioned where the petiole (leaf stalk) joins the stem. (rio-negocios.com)
At the base of each main stem leaf, in the angle between the leaf and the stem, are two or sometimes three axillary buds. (ufl.edu)
Early vegetative growth consists of root development and leaf development and expansion. (umn.edu)
Growth stages during the vegetative period are described as "V" stages, where the number listed after the "V" denotes the number of leaves with a visible leaf collar, including he first leaf which has a rounded tip. (umn.edu)
Those leaf steps are also necessary for the growth and productivity pursued, since it is through the leaves that the plant manages to carry out photosynthesis. (elpais.com)
Axillary buds are hidden beneath fleshy leaf petioles. (healthbenefitstimes.com)
and it sometimes happens, from injury and other causes, that the part of the axis which, in ordinary cases, would produce a leaf-bud, gives origin to a flower-bud. (yourdictionary.com)
Thrips feed on cell sap by piercing the leaf or flower bud with their mouthparts. (yourdictionary.com)
The latter terms are applied to the flower-bud in the same way as vernation is to the leaf-bud, and distinctive names have been given to the different arrangements exhibited, both by the leaves individually and in their relations to each other. (yourdictionary.com)
Pruning reduced the leaf area index drastically and the balance between the growth of shoots and roots is disturbed. (upasitearesearch.org)
As the axillary bud unfolded the sink capacity decreased while the photosynthetic carbon assimilation capacity of maintenance leaf increased. (upasitearesearch.org)
One leaf and a bud showed a significantly higher sink capacity than two or three leaves and a bud. (upasitearesearch.org)
It is important to understand that a bud develops in every leaf axil on grapevines, including the inconspicuous basal bracts (scale-like leaves). (la-maf.com)
Circadian, Carbon, and Light Control of Expansion Growth and Leaf Movement. (mpg.de)

We have shown that BRC1 is neither necessary nor sufficient for bud inhibition, but rather tunes the activation potential of buds. (europa.eu)
On field transfer, young tea plants showed growth inhibition due to apical dominance. (upasitearesearch.org)

The direct theory explains apical dominance as auxin synthesized in the shoot apex moves down the stem into buds and inhibits their growth. (frontiersin.org)
buds cannot export auxin into the stem, and thus become dormant (syn. (frontiersin.org)
This bud produces auxins that suppress growth from any other (axillary) buds lower down on the stem, in a process called apical dominance. (rhs.org.uk)
Buds contain meristematic tissue and a concentration of hormones, which gives them growth potential if the part of the stem beyond them gets damaged. (rhs.org.uk)
Sustained bud activity appears to depend on the establishment of the export of a third hormone, auxin, from the bud into the main stem, where it joins the polar auxin transport stream down the plant to the roots. (europa.eu)
These axillary shoots (because they appear in what might appear to be the axil between the stem and the leaves) can be removed using your fingers when they are still very small. (elpais.com)
A 15-to 20-centimeter section of stem with at least three buds is used. (encyclopedia.com)
Growth of alfalfa is from the tip of the stem where the growing point is located within a dense cluster of unfolded leaves. (fieldcropnews.com)
To achieve this, they pick the axillary buds that would produce new branches on the side of the main stem. (farmer-leaf.com)
Cytokinin is promoted for growth and is produced in the roots or top of the stem. (driftlessprairies.org)

single shoot (type 1), multiple shoots with normal leaves (type 2), cluster of tiny shoots with curly leaves (type 3), and single shoot with callus at the base (type 4) were observed from the axillary bud-derived plantlets. (edu.ph)
Palms don't have buds along their stems, so if their growing tip is removed, they can't produce replacement side-shoots and are likely to die. (rhs.org.uk)
Thirty three percent of the apical buds and 20% of the axillary buds grew into shoots within 15 days on media containing 1 mg l -1 Kn and 0.1 mg l -1 GA 3 . (scialert.net)
When the shoots developed from the apical and lateral buds were upto 3-5cm long, they were transferred to shoot multiplication medium. (scialert.net)
New roots or shoots are termed adventitious growth. (encyclopedia.com)
The maximum frequency of shoot regeneration (53.33%) was achieved on the medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L -1 BAP and 0.5 mg L -1 NAA, and the regenerated shoots successfully formed roots on growth regulator-free half strength MS medium. (oeno-one.eu)
Finally, we suggest the half strength MS medium that is free from growth regulators for the root formation of the regenerated shoots. (oeno-one.eu)
2) Since the obtained shoots of a 1-month-old culture box showed growth variation, we distinguished shoot types based on plant height, i . e ., short (less than 5 cm), medium (ca. 5 - 10 cm), and tall (more than 10 cm). (scirp.org)
A significant increase in promoter:inhibitor ratio was also observed on the application of Plant growth regulators (PGRs) which reduced the banji (dormant shoots) percentage significantly. (upasitearesearch.org)

This allows dormant buds at the base to sprout into growth and produce a flush of colourful new stems . (rhs.org.uk)
Increase in the abscisic acid content tilted the promoter:inhibitor ratio towards inhibitor side which in turn influenced the formation of dormant buds in tea. (upasitearesearch.org)

Unlike the soybean plant, which can regrow from any of many axillary buds, the corn plant has only one primary growing point that leaves can emerge from. (umn.edu)

For example, plants growing with a limited supply of the key nutrient, nitrate, typically suppress shoot branching but protect root growth, prioritizing nutrient foraging in the soil. (europa.eu)
Growth retardants suppress apical dominance and induce the growth of latent buds without hindering the metabolic activities of the plant. (upasitearesearch.org)
Since auxins travel down from the growing tip and act to suppress lateral growth, these two types of hormones strike a balance. (driftlessprairies.org)

A growth or flower bud (" axillary bud ") often appears in the axil. (yourdictionary.com)

Recent discoveries indicate bud dormancy (syn. (frontiersin.org)
They are responsible for breaking dormancy (a state of inhibited growth and development) in the seeds of plants that require exposure to cold or light to germinate. (driftlessprairies.org)

According to this theory, apically derived auxin inhibits buds from synthesizing their own auxin necessary for their growth. (frontiersin.org)
Cytokinin, auxin, and gibberellins are phytohormones that promote root and shoot growth. (driftlessprairies.org)
When the apical bud is removed, the source of auxin is removed. (driftlessprairies.org)
Without the inhibitory effects of the high auxin concentrations, lateral buds begin to grow. (driftlessprairies.org)
In fact their growth is stimulated by a relatively small drop in auxin concentration. (driftlessprairies.org)

At nodes 6 or 7 and above are fruiting branches, which bear the floral buds, or cotton squares, that become bolls. (ufl.edu)

Cuttings should be kept moist at a temperature favorable for optimum growth and development, depending on the plant species. (encyclopedia.com)

In most plants, growth happens at the terminal (apical) bud at the tip of their stems. (rhs.org.uk)

Topping is the process of removing the top growth of a plant right above a node. (plantjudo.com)

The effect of explant source and genotype on growth of sugarcane in vitro was examined by Mulleegadoo and Dookun (1999) . (scialert.net)
Knowing the specific balance between the growth regulators is necessary to establish in vitro shoot cultures, callus induction and shoot regeneration and, hence, to propagate disease-free true to type grape cultivars in a short time. (oeno-one.eu)
Effect of plant growth hormones on root and shoot regeneration in rose (Morrasia) under in-vitro conditions. (uni-lj.si)

Auxins are the main plant growth hormones responsible for cell elongation (Boundless 2016). (driftlessprairies.org)

To optimize the concentrations of growth regulators in the media for the proficient micropropagation of grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) cv. (oeno-one.eu)
Optimizing the concentration of growth regulators is crucial for the efficient micropropagation of a grape cultivar. (oeno-one.eu)
The effect of medium and plant growth regulators on micropropagation of Dog rose (Rosa canina L.). Journal of Plant Molecular Breeding, 3(1), 61-71. (uni-lj.si)

The effects of selected environmental factors [temperature, photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), and photoperiod] that contribute to optimal vegetative growth of Canary Island ivy (Hedera canariensis Willd. (illinois.edu)
It is well known that bamboo presents unique biological properties in its vegetative growth. (scirp.org)

For example, apical dominance seems to result from a balance between auxins that inhibit lateral buds and cytokinins that promote bushier growth (Boundless 2016). (driftlessprairies.org)

In most cases, axillary buds will become the main growing point if the terminal buds are damaged. (fieldcropnews.com)

The results of these studies suggested that floral bud initiation can be induced even under long photoperiod if the light illuminating the strawberry crown lacks red and shorter wavelength light whereas excessive red light transmittance either with red LED lights or growing transplants under red photoselective shade net in August delayed flower bud initiation. (researchgate.net)
In these media, root initiation and growth of miniature rose (respectively after 78 and 92 days) was earlier than Damask rose (respectively 125 and 138 days). (uni-lj.si)

This bacterium induces the neoplastic growth of plant cells that differentiate to form "hairy roots. (bioone.org)
A key characteristic of hairy roots is their ability to grow quickly in the absence of exogenous plant growth regulators. (bioone.org)
An average daily growth rate of half of an inch could occur in the roots until first flower (50-60 days), after which root growth begins to level off, followed by decline in about 90 days after planting. (ufl.edu)
Made in the roots and also in the seeds and fruits, cytokinins travel up the xylem and promote lateral growth. (driftlessprairies.org)

The cytokinins can mediate axillary bud release from apical dominance. (answerlib.org)
What do cytokinins do for growth? (answerlib.org)
How do cytokinins promote growth? (answerlib.org)
Does cytokinins affect plant growth? (answerlib.org)
Cytokinins are any class of plant hormones involved in cell growth and division (Boundless 2016). (driftlessprairies.org)

They are usually made in late spring, using the succulent mature spring growth of deciduous or evergreen plants. (encyclopedia.com)
Plants fuel their growth by combining sunlight, air, water and soil nutrients . (gardeningstepbystep.com)
How does cytokinin regulate the growth and development of plants? (answerlib.org)
Plants have modified long flight, usually underground, which is used for the accumulation of nutrients, growth and reproduction. (flower-iris.ru)
Responses of tea plants to applied plant growth regulator are encouraging. (upasitearesearch.org)
An increase in economic yield was noticed when plants were applied with commercial plant growth regulators without affecting either the quality or bush health. (upasitearesearch.org)
Plants use up some of their root reserves for their initial spring growth. (fieldcropnews.com)
After growing points are frozen, these plants will then have to initiate regrowth from new crown or axillary buds. (fieldcropnews.com)

A rhizome system is a key to maintain the lateral growth and form new culms with abundant nodes for longitudinal growth without secondary growth. (scirp.org)
In most of the tea gardens, the farmers want to promote lateral growth. (farmer-leaf.com)

These buds give rise to vegetative branches on the lower nodes (nodes 2 through 5 or 6). (ufl.edu)
Shoot branching is controlled by a network of interacting hormonal signals that move over long distances in the plant and regulate the activity of axillary buds, which can remain dormant or grow out to form branches. (europa.eu)
The two axillary buds directly below the incision will shoot out into two new branches once they've been topped. (plantjudo.com)

How does cytokinin regulate growth? (answerlib.org)
Is cytokinin a growth regulator? (answerlib.org)
How does cytokinin is responsible for growth and development of plant? (answerlib.org)
How does cytokinin influence plant growth? (answerlib.org)
Does cytokinin inhibit root growth? (answerlib.org)
Once the tip is removed, damaged, or destroyed, cytokinin is released and the lateral buds begin to grow. (driftlessprairies.org)

A corn plant's growth stage is either part of the vegetative (V) or reproductive (R) periods. (umn.edu)

As Casanovas points out, some of these varieties, such as bonsai and hanging ones, "tend to bear all the fruits at once," he clarifies in a post on his Instagram profile, warning that it could be difficult to identify an axillary shoot from one that doesn't. (elpais.com)
Tendrils, leaves, flower clusters that will mature into fruits, and more buds are arranged in regular patterns along the shoot. (la-maf.com)

quiescence, paradormancy) in response to intrinsic and environmental factors in diverse species is linked to enhanced growth of the main shoot and reduced sugar level in the buds. (frontiersin.org)
Shoot induction and proliferation (shoot ramification and growth) were observed 5 and 17 days after planting in miniature rose and 16 and 38 days in R. damascena respectively. (uni-lj.si)
Stage 4 - The lateral buds elongate, creating a separate shoot and establishing their own apical dominance. (driftlessprairies.org)

This propagation technique required the breaking of dormant axillary buds by aseptically culturing them in agar-solidified Woody Plant Medium (WPM) added with 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg l-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or, a combination of 2.0 mg l-1 BAP and 0.01 mg l-1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). (edu.ph)

There was a significant increase in photosynthetic efficiency from bud to fully expanded leaves. (upasitearesearch.org)
The 3 fundamental biological elements of woody growth are apical dominance, C 3 photosynthetic pathway, and resprouting morphology. (driftlessprairies.org)

This push-me-pull-me aspect of woody resprouting growth is maintained by certain plant hormones and is an important concept. (driftlessprairies.org)

Surgical drainage should be considered only when needle aspiration is unsuccessful, because an operation may damage the breast bud and result in reduction of adult breast size. (medscape.com)

Jinggu county is famous for its Da Bai Cha varietal, which produces large furry buds. (farmer-leaf.com)

Kochia relies primarily on prolific seed production and abundant seedling emergence for population growth, suggesting that management of these life stages will have the greatest impact on controlling this species. (sare.org)

These mutants showed metabolic disorder, indicating that N metabolism is important in normal growth and development of rice. (nii.ac.jp)
[4] [5] Physical growth (particularly in males) and cognitive development can extend past the teens. (wikipedia.org)
The gaseous hormone ethylene plays a key role in plant growth and development, and it is a major regulator of stress responses. (answerlib.org)
A flower-bud has not in ordinary circumstances any power of extension by the continuous development of its apex. (yourdictionary.com)
typically defined as breast development before age 8 in girls, growth of the testicles and penis before age 9 in boys), an early growth spurt occurs at a young age and, ultimately, short stature results because of early closure of growth plates. (msdmanuals.com)

Having the base warmer than the tip promotes root growth before new top growth begins. (encyclopedia.com)

Growth regulators are used for height control for better in-season and harvest management. (ufl.edu)
Rooting medium was liquid BM with 6% sucrose without growth regulators. (scialert.net)

Growth occurs when cells divide, differentiate (become specialised to a particular function) and elongate. (rhs.org.uk)
It uses a base of 50 because very little, if any, corn growth occurs when the temperature is below 50 degrees Fahrenheit. (umn.edu)
If the delay is not pathologic, the adolescent growth spurt occurs later and growth catches up, with height crossing percentile lines until the child reaches a genetically determined stature. (msdmanuals.com)
Budding of the breasts, or thelarche, usually occurs at approximately age 10-11 years in females. (medscape.com)

Caper This is the unopened flower bud of a plant which grows wild among the rocks of Greece an Northern Africa. (yourdictionary.com)
They are very silky hairy which provide the flower bud with some degree of protection in the depth of winter. (yourdictionary.com)
Bud vases were originally designed to hold a single flower bud . (yourdictionary.com)
Those which are not required for the kitchen, if allowed to stand, and if the flower-bud is picked out on its first appearance, and the earth stirred about them, frequently produce bulbs equal in size and quality to the large ones that are imported from the Continent. (yourdictionary.com)
The manner in which the parts are arranged in the flower-bud with respect to each other before opening is the aestivation or praefloration. (yourdictionary.com)

Management of cotton requires an understanding of the growth habit and responses of the plant to the environment and to the management practice used. (ufl.edu)

MIZ1-regulated hydrotropism functions in the growth and survival of Arabidopsis thaliana under natural conditions. (yamagata-u.ac.jp)
Genome-Wide Association Mapping Reveals That Specific and Pleiotropic Regulatory Mechanisms Fine-Tune Central Metabolism and Growth in Arabidopsis. (mpg.de)

Strawberry plant architecture shows some constant features related to its sympodial growth. (researchgate.net)
The system is mainly classified into two types of growth feature: one is the sympodial and the clump-forming type (e.g. (scirp.org)

Which hormone is known as growth regulator? (answerlib.org)

First, they regulate the expression of the BRC1 gene in buds. (europa.eu)

We explain how those parts contribute to plant growth and why all of this matters to the gardener. (gardeningstepbystep.com)

After contractile growth, where the cotyledons are pulled below the soil surface to form a crown, alfalfa becomes more tolerant again. (fieldcropnews.com)

The dormant lateral buds of all bamboo nodes resumed expanding and elongating within 7 days in the SLCE. (scirp.org)

Anatomy51

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