Growth differentiation factor 5. Medical search. Frequent questions

Growth differentiation factor-5 ( GDF5 ) is a gene that tells our body how to make the GDF5 protein (it's common in genetics to give the same name to both a gene and the protein it codes for). (helix.com)
Multiple lines of evidence suggest that production of the GDF5 protein in our joints helps our body repair, or replace, damaged cartilage 1-5 . (helix.com)
Aside from these environmental factors, studies have shown that some people inherit a specific version of the GDF5 gene which may affect their joint durability 4 . (helix.com)
Scientists have found that a change in the GDF5 DNA sequence can reduce how much of the GDF5 protein is made under laboratory conditions 5 . (helix.com)
A Functional Polymorphism in the 5′ UTR of GDF5 Is Associated with Susceptibility to Osteoarthritis. (helix.com)
Growth and Differentiation Factor 5 (GDF5) is a secreted growth factor that belongs to the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) family and plays a pivotal role during limb development. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Here, we report on a family with an autosomal dominant inherited combination of Growth and Differentiation Factor 5 (GDF5) is a secreted growth factor that belongs to the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) family and plays a pivotal role during limb development. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
A meta-analysis of European and Asian cohorts reveals a global role of a functional SNP in the 5' UTR of GDF5 with osteoarthritis susceptibility. (cdc.gov)
Rs143383 in the growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) gene significantly associated with osteoarthritis (OA)-a comprehensive meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has been associated with food intake and weight regulation in response to metabolic stress. (nature.com)
Recently, metabolic research has focused on growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a stress-induced cytokine belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily [ 5 ]. (nature.com)
Description: Quantitativecompetitive ELISA kit for measuring Rat growth differentiation factor 15(GDF15) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. (scalegen.com)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (scalegen.com)
We used mass cytometry (CyTOF) and orthotopic cancer mouse models to analyze overall immunological changes after growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) gene ablation in HCC. (bmj.com)
We recently discovered that Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) is a new heart-derived hormone. (upenn.edu)
Circulating GDF15 acts on the liver to inhibit growth hormone signaling and body growth. (upenn.edu)
GDF15 maturation requires proteolytic cleavage by PCSK3, 5 and 6. (upenn.edu)
GDF15 is a heart-derived hormone that regulates body growth. (upenn.edu)

The IL-4 gene, IL-3, IL-5, IL-13, and CSF2 form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 5q. (fishersci.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that acts as a growth and differentiation factor for both B cells and eosinophils. (antibodies-online.com)
The receptor of this cytokine is a heterodimer, whose beta subunit is shared with the receptors for interleukine 3 (IL3) and colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2/GM-CSF). (antibodies-online.com)
This gene, together with those for interleukin 4 (IL4), interleukin 13 (IL13), and CSF2, form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 5. (antibodies-online.com)

Remarkably, Clec4a4+ eosinophils were instructed by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that imprints many gut immune cells. (stanford.edu)
IL-5 has been shown to promote the growth of immature hematopoietic BFU-E progenitors, stimulate the activation and differentiation of eosinophils, and promote the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes. (biolegend.com)
IL-5 is a potent T-cell derived factor that stimulates the growth of certain B cells and the differentiation of eosinophils. (biovision.com)

PLOS Genetics 2017 May 8;13(5):e1006750. (stanford.edu)
2017 ). It appears from their investigations that genetic factors seem to exert a significant influence on the carcinogenesis of the cervix. (researchsquare.com)

Odontoblast marker gene levels, on the other hand, were significantly elevated after seven days of culture in the presence of GDF-5. (ispub.com)
GDF-5 also increased the gene expression and enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase. (ispub.com)
Along with other BMPs, including BMP-2, -4 and -7, which are well known as potent osteoinductive growth factors, GDF-5 plays important roles in the development of bones, cartilage and tendons, as evidenced by the tendency for the gene and protein expression levels of GDF-5 to increase over time in these tissues. (ispub.com)
2002). It has also been reported that the GDF-5 gene is expressed in dental sac, periodontal ligament, dental pulp cells, and odontoblasts during tooth development (Morotome et al. (ispub.com)
-592C/A polymorphism of IL-10 gene may be considered a risk factor for cervical cancer. (researchsquare.com)
SNP − 592C/A of the IL-10 gene promoter is located near a number of transcription factor binding sites. (researchsquare.com)
This study evaluates the effect of A. montana leaves hexane extract on several signaling cascades and gene expression in metastatic breast cancer cells upon insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) stimulation. (techscience.com)
Correlation between growth differentiation factor 5 (rs143383) gene polymorphism and knee osteoarthritis: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)
In addition we will address important areas of modern epidemiology such as the influence of early life factors on adult health and disease, but also the importance of the gene-diet-microbiota interaction for body function and health. (lu.se)

Med Princ Pract (2023) 32 (4-5): 297-307. (karger.com)

In this study, we assayed the effect of exogenous mouse recombinant GDF-5 on cell proliferation of dental pulp cells and determined the expression levels of odontoblast differentiation marker genes in the cells of isolated mouse dental pulp tissues in the presence of GDF-5. (ispub.com)
This product is manufactured by BioVision, an Abcam company and was previously called 4580 BMP-14 (GDF-5/CDMP-1), human recombinant. (abcam.com)
An odontogenic medium modified by the addition of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 was used in the experimental groups to induce differentiation. (scielo.br)

Yet it remains poorly understood how these factors can induce the various types of cells in the dental pulp to engage in a harmonized and coordinated process of dentin regeneration. (ispub.com)
These findings are expected to improve our knowledge of the role of GDF-5 in dental tissue development and to provide information that may be useful in the application of GDF-5 as a molecular manipulator in dental tissue regeneration. (ispub.com)
Nerve growth factor combined with vascular endothelial growth factor enhances regeneration of bladder acellular matrix graft in spinal cord injury-induced neurogenic rat bladder. (ucsf.edu)
Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on regeneration of bladder acellular matrix graft: histologic and functional evaluation. (ucsf.edu)
The application of specific growth factors for osteoinduction without using a bone graft constitutes a real impact on bone regeneration. (allenpress.com)
A variety of growth factors (GFs)-including bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and peptides of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-have been tested for local bone regeneration. (allenpress.com)
They are responsible for several biological activities involving tissue morphogenesis, regeneration, healing, and cell differentiation processes. (allenpress.com)
Consequently, PLDL and PDL seemed to be promising scaffold candidates for odontogenic regeneration at least as HA-TCP, when they were applied with the DPSC induced for odontogenic differentiation. (scielo.br)
now reveal that differentiation of USCs generates ECs with robust endothelial function in vitro and endothelial potential in vivo, thereby suggesting this approach as a non-invasive, simple, and low-cost method [5] to produce sufficient autologous ECs for applications in tissue-engineered vascular regeneration or the repair of endothelial dysfunction [6]. (stemcellsportal.com)

The cartilage-specific localization pattern of these novel TGF-β superfamily members, which contrasts with the more ubiquitous presence of other BMP family members, suggests a potential role for these proteins in chondrocyte differentiation and growth of long bones. (elsevierpure.com)
This inhibits chondrocyte differentiation, and growth plate function is severely compromised. (medscape.com)

This IL-5 protein is useful as a standard for a human IL-5 sandwich ELISA, using unlabeled JES1-39D10 antibody (catalog #500902) for capture and biotinylated JES1-5A10 antibody (catalog #501002) for detection. (biolegend.com)

Control of muscle differentiation in BC3H1 cells by fibroblast growth factor and vanadate. (wustl.edu)
The disorder is caused by a dominantly inherited FGFR3 mutation that permanently activates the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and its downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. (medscape.com)
Kim and Morshead, 2003), and the fibroblast that SSEA4 associated with CD133 can be used for growth factor (FGF) receptor 4 (Cai et al. (lu.se)

Functional Analysis Of The Growth And Differentiation Factor 5 Regulatory Polymorphism That Is Associated With Osteoarthritis Susceptibility. (helix.com)
Association between growth differentiation factor 5 rs143383 genetic polymorphism and the risk of knee osteoarthritis among Caucasian but not Asian: a meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)

There were no significant differences in dental pulp cell proliferation patterns related to the absence or presence of GDF-5 after seven days of culture. (ispub.com)
These results indicate that, although GDF-5 may have no effect on cell proliferation in isolated dental pulp tissue, it could promote odontoblast differentiation. (ispub.com)
2003). A previous in-vitro study on the role of GDF-5 in periodontal ligament cells has shown that exogenous GDF-5 promotes cell proliferation while suppressing the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which is closely related to tissue calcification and which is secreted during the formation of tissue calcifications. (ispub.com)
Here, we investigated the effect of GDF-5 on the proliferation of dental pulp cells and their differentiation into odontoblasts by assaying the expression levels of odontoblast marker genes. (ispub.com)
Complex subunit associated factors are involved in hybridoma growth, Eosinohils, eritroid proliferation and derived from promotor binding stimulating subunits on the DNA binding complex. (tgf-a.com)
In addition, overexpression of ZYX in hepatoma cell lines (PLC/PRF/5, HCCLM3) enhanced their proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas ZYX knockdown had the opposite effects (SK HEP-1, Huh-7). (techscience.com)

Although the exact molecular mechanism of the RA pathogenesis remains elusive, proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α and interleukin- (IL-) 1 β and autoreactive T cells are known to play central roles in the development and progression of RA [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, the expression of apoptosis factors (caspase-3 and caspase-8), inflammatory factors [interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6] and matrix degradation enzymes [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-13] were also significantly increased. (edu.au)

Abstract Fos-related antigen 1 (Fra-1) is a nuclear transcription factor that regulates cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. (techscience.com)
Abstract Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers with a median survival time of less than 5 months, and conventional chemotherapeutics are the main treatment strategy. (techscience.com)
ABSTRACT We evaluated the prognostic value of serum endostatin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. (who.int)

To date, various studies have reported that cells isolated from the dental pulp of various animals can be induced to differentiate into cells of the odontoblastic phenotype by means of various chemicals, growth factors and signaling molecules both in vitro and in vivo ( reviewed in Nakashima and Akamine, 2005). (ispub.com)
The odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells on nanofibrous poly(L-lactic acid) scaffolds in vitro and in vivo. (scielo.br)
This IL-5 protein is biologically active, and can be used for in vitro assays. (biolegend.com)
Cells derived from bone marrow can undergo osteoinduction in vitro in the absence of osteoinductive factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins. (bvsalud.org)

To date, various studies have reported that BMP-family growth factors can induce cells isolated from dental pulp tissues to differentiate into odontoblasts. (ispub.com)
The EC 50 as determined by its ability to induce alkaline phosphatase production by ATDC-5 chondrogenic cells is 1-10 µg/ml. (abcam.com)

Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Growth Differentiation Factor 1 from Rat in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (thescientistconnect.com)

5 , 6 In concordance with the role of nodal cilia in L-R asymmetry, mutations in the motor proteins Kif3A and Kif3B, and the transcription factor Foxj1 in the mouse have demonstrated that ciliary motility is important for L-R asymmetry. (bmj.com)
We associated lineage-determining transcription factors (LDTFs) with demethylation and demonstrated unique patterns of DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation in relationship to open chromatin regions (OCRs), histone modifications and TF-binding sites. (stanford.edu)
Aplha, transcription related growth factors and stimulating factors or repressing nuclear factors are complex subunits of proteins involved in cell differentiation. (tgf-a.com)
Ident- cult to deduce interaction rules from observations of the ified transcription factors for specific cell fates are, for entire system. (lu.se)

Growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) belongs to the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, which is expressed in dental pulp tissues. (ispub.com)
Nevertheless, the effect of GDF-5 on odontoblast differentiation from dental pulp tissues remains unknown. (ispub.com)
Furthermore, dental pulp cells cultured in the presence of GDF-5 formed alizarin red-positive nodules after 10 days of culture. (ispub.com)
In dental pulp cells, however, the functions of GDF-5 are still unknown. (ispub.com)
This study was designed to determine the in vivo performance of three different materials as scaffolds for dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) undergoing induced odontogenic differentiation. (scielo.br)

Growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, which is a subgroup of the transforming growth factor- (TGF-) superfamily. (ispub.com)
By the late 1980s, the active factor responsible for the induction of bone was identified: BMP. (allenpress.com)
IL-17 not only induces proinflammatory cytokines, but also directly enhances osteoclastogenesis by upregulating receptor activator nuclear kappa ligand (RANKL) on osteoblasts [ 5 ], contributing to bone erosion in RA. (hindawi.com)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), known as active components of odontogenic differentiation and tooth development, have been used as a growth factor in an appropriate medium. (scielo.br)
Osteoblasts were obtained from human bone marrow cells even in the absence of growth factors and showed a typical morphology. (bvsalud.org)
Conclusions: This study showed that an osteoblastic cell lineage may be obtained from human bone marrow derived from adherent cells, and that the presence of the rhBMP-4 seems to have an effect during the first stages of differentiation only. (bvsalud.org)
and double heterozygosity in bone growth disorders. (medscape.com)
Therefore, the long bones are short but wide because appositional bone growth is unaffected. (medscape.com)
This markedly diminished growth results not only from abnormal endochondral bone growth but also from abnormal placement and premature fusion of the synchondroses. (medscape.com)

Human Urine-Derived Stem Cell Differentiation to Endothelial Cells with Barrier Function and Nitric Oxide Production. (stemcellsportal.com)

Here, we characterized the whole-genome distribution of methyl-CpG and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in mouse innate lymphoid cell 3 (ILC3), ILC2 and natural killer (NK) cells. (stanford.edu)
they are capable of stimulating the differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal cells to osteoprogenitor cells. (allenpress.com)
See More Use our definitive endoderm (DE) differentiation kit to obtain functional DE cells that are capable of downstream differentiation to hepatic, intestinal, pancreatic and pulmonary cells. (stemcell.com)
The inhibitory effect of RGE on Th17 differentiation and osteoclastogenesis observed in mice was also confirmed in the subsequent experiments performed using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (hindawi.com)
Transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β and IL-6 primes initial differentiation and IL-23 promotes functional maturation of Th17 cells [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Intelligent Information gives birth to Life: it is the factors existing at 5 stages of stem cells differentiation that determine the fate of healthy and pathological cells. (biava.me)
Fortunately, today, thanks to the stem cells growth and differentiation factors taken at specific stages of embryonic life, it is possible to stop cellular senescence and thus prevent neurodegeneration. (biava.me)
Indeed, whenever all the substances present at all different differentiation stages were obtained, we would have had the entire epigenetic code available, that is the code that can regulate all the genes of all the cells that make up an entire organism. (biava.me)
In that moment starting from a single totipotent stem cell (the fertilized egg) a differentiation of all types of stem cells through different stages occurs: pluripotent, multipotent, oligopotent stem cells, cells in progress of definitive differentiation and finally fully differentiated cells. (biava.me)
It has been shown that the completeness of information and the redundancy of epigenetic code factors can significantly impede the degeneration of nerve cells (this is because initially the redundancy of factors, i.e. factors present from the beginning to the end of the differentiation process, first expands the number of stem cells and then differentiates them into specific tissues). (biava.me)
Methods We used matched tumor tissues and blood samples from 150 patients with HCC to identify key factors of Treg cells expansion. (bmj.com)
They have a higher odontogenic differentiation capacity compared to other cell groups due to their content of specific progenitor cells. (scielo.br)
IL-5 is a homodimeric, disulphide-linked protein produced by T-cells. (biolegend.com)
As a means to generate sufficient autologous ECs, researchers from the laboratory of Yuanyuan Zhang (Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA) recently assessed the possible differentiation of ECs from urine-derived stem cells (USCs), cells originating from the parietal cells in kidney glomeruli that possess robust proliferative abilities, multipotent differentiation capacity, and robust paracrine-acting effects [1-4]. (stemcellsportal.com)
Differentiation of USCs in endothelial medium generated EC-like cells by day 14 that displayed endothelial characteristics at the morphological, ultrastructural (tight junction formation), and functional marker expression levels (e.g. (stemcellsportal.com)
Multipotential differentiation of human urine-derived stem cells: potential for therapeutic applications in urology. (stemcellsportal.com)
Skeletal myogenic differentiation of urine-derived stem cells and angiogenesis using microbeads loaded with growth factors. (stemcellsportal.com)
that regulate the differentiation and activation of these cells. (cdc.gov)
As human osteosarcoma cells are a source of additional growth they did not affect osteoinduction. (bvsalud.org)
Similarly, expression levels of the translation factors were investigated in human prostate epithelial cells, RWPE1, exposed to a cytotoxic concentration of cadmium chloride. (cdc.gov)
Translation initiation factor 5A2 (TIF5A2) and translation elongation factor 1delta (TEF1 delta) also exhibited significant overexpression (10- and 5-fold overexpression, respectively) in the tumor cells compared with the corresponding control cells. (cdc.gov)
Exposure of RWPE1 cells to a cytotoxic concentration of cadmium chloride also resulted in overexpression of several translation factors. (cdc.gov)
The cells were thawed and resus- disease control measures in ACL [5]. (who.int)

Growth differentiation factors (GDFs) are a subfamily of proteins belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that have functions predominantly in development. (wikipedia.org)
Their carboxyl-terminal TGF-β domains are 82% identical, thus defining a novel subfamily most closely related to BMP-5, BMP-6, and osteogenic protein-1. (elsevierpure.com)

And that is what has been done, starting from choosing a specific embryo as a model for cell differentiation study: in this case it was chosen an embryo of Zebrafish. (biava.me)

Whether some of these proteins are causally involved in the pathogenesis of clustering of multiple risk factors in the same individual remains to be investigated. (lu.se)

cell differentiation. (ispub.com)
PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. (antikoerper-online.de)
Stem Cell Res Ther 2014;5:69. (stemcellsportal.com)
Here, we reported that mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) kinase is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and promotes pancreatic cancer cell growth and invasion. (techscience.com)
Translation factors control the translation of all proteins including those vital for cell growth and differentiation as well as those involved in cellular response to chemical toxicity. (cdc.gov)
By employing the real time PCR technique, we have investigated the expression levels of various translation factors in human cancer cell lines and their corresponding controls. (cdc.gov)
Among the translation factors studied, the expression level of translation elongation factor 1A2 (TEF1A2) exhibited the highest alteration (approximately 2000-fold overexpression) in the cancer cell lines compared with the corresponding controls. (cdc.gov)
Recent advances in live imaging and genetics of mammalian division, movement and cell differentiation leading to development which integrate observations of biochemical tissue formation [14 ]. (lu.se)

Other synovial fluid findings that aid in the differentiation of osteoarthritis from other conditions are negative Gram stains and cultures, as well as the absence of crystals when fluid is viewed under a polarized microscope. (medscape.com)

1979;16:292-5. (cdc.gov)

Transforming Growth Factor-beta ( TGF-beta , TGF-β) this is a superfamily signaling pathway with many different roles during development. (edu.au)
Two novel members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily were identified and designated cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-1 (CDMP-1) and -2 (CDMP-2). (elsevierpure.com)

In addition, development and genetic studies have shown that GDF-5 null mutation or transgenic mice exhibit abnormal growth patterns or overgrowth of limbs, long bones, cartilage, joints and digits (Storm et al. (ispub.com)
The study provides basic information on the development of the early embryo, which could lead to insights on the genetic factors underlying newborn heart malformations and other birth defects involving the left-right positioning of the internal organs. (nih.gov)
This condition results from a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, some of which have not been identified. (medlineplus.gov)
Variations in the genes that provide instructions for making opioid receptors have been studied extensively as genetic risk factors for opioid addiction. (medlineplus.gov)

Find IL-5 Antibodies for a variety of species such as anti-Human IL-5, anti-Mouse IL-5, anti-Rat IL-5. (antibodies-online.com)
Monomeric human IL-5 is a 126 amino acid protein with a reported molecular weight of 26 kD for the homodimeric protein. (biolegend.com)
Mouse and human IL-5 are approximately 70% identical. (biolegend.com)
Human IL-5 is a 26.5 kDa protein containing 232 amino acid residues. (biovision.com)

In the 14 mm embryo, the foot will continue to develop so that the 5 rays evolve into a more fanlike structure. (medscape.com)
The possibility of studying the entire epigenetic code exists only in the embryo and only in the period when differentiation of all organs and apparatus occurs. (biava.me)

Immunohistochemistry results showed decreased expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway. (edu.au)
ENG and ALK1 code for proteins involved in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 signaling pathway, and it is widely accepted that HHT pathogenicity results from haploinsufficiency. (aspetjournals.org)

Thus only at the time when it was decided to study the epigenetic regulation code, i.e. the period of differentiation of various organs and apparatus, it became possible to study all the different and incredible regulatory abilities of that code. (biava.me)

Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Growth Differentiation Factor 1 (GDF1) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids. (thescientistconnect.com)

Twenty-two proteins were significantly related to all 5 MetS components, and of those, 20 were with MetS as a binary outcome (n = 600, 24% of the sample) following adjustment for age, sex, fat mass, and lifestyle factors (alcohol intake, smoking, education, and exercise habits). (lu.se)

Therefore, RGE can ameliorate arthritis in mice with CIA by targeting pathogenic Th17 and osteoclast differentiation, suggesting a novel therapy for treatment of RA. (hindawi.com)

This review summarizes evidence for the role of proteolytic enzymes that degrade and inactivate insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) during follicular development in mammals. (bioone.org)

Vascular growth during implantation normal non-pregnant controls, 20 normal and placentation is critical for successful pregnant controls, 20 patients with mild gestation. (who.int)

Alterations in the expression of translation factors as molecular markers of carcinogenesis and chemical toxicity. (cdc.gov)
Further studies have been performed in our laboratory to determine whether alterations in the expression of various translation (initiation, elongation, and termination) factors can be used as molecular markers for carcinogenesis and chemical toxicity. (cdc.gov)
These results thus demonstrate that translation factors may be cellular targets for carcinogenesis and chemical toxicity, and that alterations in their expression levels may be used as molecular marker for carcinogenesis and chemical toxicity. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy11

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GDF59

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20172

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20231

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