AntibodiesObligateCausative agent of Q feverBacteriaInfectionBrucellaBacteriumEndocarditisVirulenceVacuole formationRickettsiaFeverAxenicMacrophagesELISAYersiniaPersistsMolecularPhaseIsolatesExogenousChronicBacterial growthActivelyMilkLipidOccursOrganismGeneticCellsDiagnosisColiMediaConditionsDiseaseHost cellResearchSmallPatientEnvironment
Antibodies2
- This exogenous KdtA enzyme modifies Coxiella lipid A with an α-Kdo-(2 → 8)-α-Kdo epitope that can be detected by anti-chlamydia genus antibodies. (duke.edu)
- Background SERION ELISA classic Coxiella burnetii tests are recommended for the detection of human antibodies in serum or plasma directed against Coxiella burnetii in Phase 1 or Phase 2. (qedbio.com)
Obligate4
- Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen, and is the causative agent of Q fever. (wikipedia.org)
- Coxiella burnetii, an obligate intracellular bacterium, causes potentially fatal endocarditis several years after intial infection suggesting the bacterium's ability to persist long-term in the host. (pcom.edu)
- Q fever (see the image below) is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, an obligate gram-negative intracellular bacterium. (medscape.com)
- Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterial pathogen, an ethiological agent of Q-fever, a zoonotic disease, elapsing as an acute (mostly atypical pneumonia) or a chronic (mostly endocarditis) form. (iimmun.ru)
Causative agent of Q fever2
- C. burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever Shaw EI, Voth DE (January 2019). (wikipedia.org)
- Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, is a zoonotic disease with potentially life-threatening complications in humans. (montana.edu)
Bacteria3
- Unlike many bacteria, C. burnetii replication in axenic media and non-phagocytic cells was less dependent on normal lipid A biosynthesis. (duke.edu)
- Inhalation of low doses of Coxiella bacteria can result in infection of the host alveolar macrophage (AM). However, it is not known whether a subset of AMs within the heterogeneous population of macrophages in the infected lung is particularly susceptible to infection. (montana.edu)
- After internalization of bacteria maturation of phagolysosome-like compartment and large coxiella-containing vacuole formation occure, and vacuole can occupy nearly the whole cytoplasm of the host cell. (iimmun.ru)
Infection7
- Coxiella progenies prepared from inhibitor-treated cells retain the capability of normally infecting all tested cells in the absence of the inhibitor, which suggests a dispensable role of lipid A for infection and early vacuole development. (duke.edu)
- C. burnetii is also maintained in nature through an animal-tick cycle, but arthropods are not involved in human infection. (msdmanuals.com)
- ELISA further demonstrated Coxiella infection-dependent increase in PGE2 levels. (pcom.edu)
- These studies indicate that during infection Coxiella T4SS actively manipulates cox-2 expression resulting in increased PGE2. (pcom.edu)
- Milk is also an excellent medium for bacterial growth and an important source of bacterial infection when consumed without pasteurization. (thepharmajournal.com)
- Survivance of infected cells is important for chronic infection with C. burnetii. (iimmun.ru)
- During infection C. burnetii translocates effector substrates from bacterial cytosole to euca ryotic host cell cytosole using type IV secretion system, where effectors modulate host cell proteins. (iimmun.ru)
Brucella1
Bacterium1
- C. burnetii is a small Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium that is highly resistant to environmental stresses such as high temperature, osmotic pressure, and ultraviolet light. (wikipedia.org)
Endocarditis3
- While Coxiella initially infects alveolar macrophages, in endocarditis patients, it is also found in foamy macrophages containing neutral lipid storage organelles called lipid droplets (LDs). (pcom.edu)
- Future studies will determine the potential of blocking PGE2 production as a supplemental therapy for Coxiella endocarditis. (pcom.edu)
- The presence of a plasmid is believed to be associated with virulence and pathogenicity, however C. burnetii isolates containing plasmid QpDG are avirulent in guinea pigs and plasmidless isolates have been associated with endocarditis in humans. (up.ac.za)
Virulence2
- Our previous studies show that Coxiella manipulates host LD metabolism via the Type 4 Secretion System (T4SS), a major virulence factor which secretes bacterial effector proteins into the host cell cytoplasm to manipulate cellular processes. (pcom.edu)
- Identification and characterization of novel virulence factors it is now possible through axenic media for C. burnetii cultivation and development of site-specific mutagenesis and other genetic technics, which is important for research of C. burnetii molecular pathogenesis. (iimmun.ru)
Vacuole formation2
- In inhibitor-treated THP-1 cells, Coxiella shows severe growth defects characterized by poor vacuole formation and low growth yields. (duke.edu)
- Except that C. burnetii involves autophagic pathway during coxiella-containing vacuole formation, and induction of autophagy promotes pathogen replication. (iimmun.ru)
Rickettsia6
- The genus Coxiella is morphologically similar to Rickettsia, but with a variety of genetic and physiological differences. (wikipedia.org)
- Around the same time, Derrick proposed the name Rickettsia burnetii, in recognition of Burnet's contribution in identifying the organism as a Rickettsia. (wikipedia.org)
- As it became clear that the species differed significantly from other Rickettsia, it was first elevated to a subgenus named after Cox, Coxiella, and then in 1948 to its own genus of that name, proposed by Cornelius B. Philip, another RML researcher. (wikipedia.org)
- Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii, and Rickettsia spp. (medscimonit.com)
- Coxiella burnetii , and Rickettsia spp. (medscimonit.com)
- Coxiella burnetii is a small, intracellular, pleomorphic bacillus that is no longer classified as Rickettsia . (msdmanuals.com)
Fever6
- Q fever is an acute or chronic disease caused by the rickettsial-like bacillus Coxiella burnetii . (msdmanuals.com)
- Recent success in the cultivation of Tropheryma whipplei [4] (which causes Wipple's disease) and Coxiella burnetii [5] (which causes Q fever) using genome-based metabolic pathway analyses has renewed interest in formulating axenic growth media for M. leprae . (internationaltextbookofleprosy.org)
- SERION ELISA classic Coxiella burnetii IgM is recommended for the detection of acute Q-fever, while SERION ELISA classic Coxiella burnetii (Phase 2) IgG supports the differential diagnosis of infections of the respiratory tract, especially atypical pneumonia. (qedbio.com)
- SERION ELISA classic Coxiella burnetii (Phase I) tests are recommended for the diagnosis of chronic Q-fever. (qedbio.com)
- First molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii in Brazilian artisanal cheese: a uncared for meals security hazard in ready-to-eat raw-milk product Background: World publications on Q fever have elevated after the 2007 epidemic within the Netherlands. (atto-gentaur.com)
- Coxiella burnetii had the high- was addressed during the Munich Security Confer- est incidence because of a Q fever epidemic during ence in 2018 by the Dutch Minister of Defense ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Axenic5
- Scholars@Duke publication: Lipid A Has Significance for Optimal Growth of Coxiella burnetii in Macrophage-Like THP-1 Cells and to a Lesser Extent in Axenic Media and Non-phagocytic Cells. (duke.edu)
- Here we report the characterization of the role of lipid A in Coxiella burnetii growth in axenic media, monkey kidney cells (BGMK and Vero), and macrophage-like THP-1 cells by using a potent LpxC inhibitor -LPC-011. (duke.edu)
- Under inhibitor treatment, Coxiella has reduced growth yields in axenic media and during replication in non-phagocytic cells, and has a reduced number of productive vacuoles in such cells. (duke.edu)
- Although it is now well established that M. leprae prefers cooler temperatures, slightly acidic microaerophilic conditions, and lipids rather than sugars as an energy source, the exact parameters for a defined axenic medium that would support the growth of M. leprae remain elusive. (internationaltextbookofleprosy.org)
- Importantly, the growth benefit of cholesterol was observed strictly in cellular infections and L. pneumophila growth kinetics in axenic cultures did not change in the presence of cholesterol. (microbialcell.com)
Macrophages2
- Compared to uninfected cells, cox-2 was upregulated in Coxiella-infected macrophages but not T4SS mutant-infected cells. (pcom.edu)
- Conversely, bacterial growth within cholesterol-leaden macrophages was enhanced. (microbialcell.com)
ELISA2
- Description SERION ELISA classic Coxiella burnetii Phase 1 IgG/IgA resp. (qedbio.com)
- All SERION ELISA classic Coxiella burnetii are used for the serological therapy follow-up in acute and chronic diseases. (qedbio.com)
Yersinia1
- His work blends Yersinia pestis and Economic growth studies together. (research.com)
Persists2
- C. burnetii persists in stool, urine, milk, and tissues (especially the placenta), so that fomites and infective aerosols form easily. (msdmanuals.com)
- Coxiella persists as metabolically inactive spore-like form in environment. (iimmun.ru)
Molecular1
- This failure to culture M. leprae ex vivo, along with its extremely slow growth rate in vivo, have been major obstacles in the understanding of vital molecular and cellular events in the pathogenesis of leprosy. (internationaltextbookofleprosy.org)
Phase3
- Inhibiting lipid A biosynthesis in C. burnetii by the inhibitor was shown in a phase II strain transformed with chlamydial kdtA. (duke.edu)
- We have found that lower doses of both phase I and phase II Nine Mile C. burnetii multiply and are less readily cleared from the lungs of mice compared to higher infectious doses. (montana.edu)
- The low rate of phase I and II Nine Mile C. burnetii growth in murine lungs may be a direct result of the limited size of the susceptible resident AM cell population. (montana.edu)
Isolates1
- Specific sec reted proteins for variety of strains and isolates were identified, confirmed that certain pathotypes of C. burnetii can exist. (iimmun.ru)
Exogenous1
- These growth defects were rescued by addition of exogenous cholesterol. (microbialcell.com)
Chronic1
- Chronic microbial infections which have been documented in patients with CFS/ME include C burnetii , parvovirus B19, C pneumoniae , hepatitis C, enteroviruses and human retroviruses. (bmj.com)
Bacterial growth1
Actively2
- C. burnetii promotes maturation of specific phagolysosome-like compartment in host cell, called coxiella-containing vacuole, within this vacuole pathogen becames metabolically activated and actively replicates. (iimmun.ru)
- C. burnetii elongate the viability of host cell by two ways: it actively inhibits apoptotic signal cascades and induce pro-survival factors. (iimmun.ru)
Milk2
- It's not even a good way to avoid growth hormones in milk , as most milk is now growth hormone free anyway and is labeled rBST-free. (keepkidshealthy.com)
- They force-feed them with hormones, medicines, growth stimulants, coccidiostats, additives, and various poisons and chemical compounds to withstand abhorrent growing conditions and to gain weight as quickly as possible and produce as much milk and eggs as possible. (prijatelji-zivotinja.hr)
Lipid1
Occurs1
- Internalisation of C. burnetii occurs using actin-mediated phagocytosis and zipper mechanism. (iimmun.ru)
Organism1
- The first description of what may have been Coxiella burnetii was published in 1925 by Hideyo Noguchi, but since his samples did not survive, it remains unclear as to whether it was the same organism. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic1
- order to address this major challenge for dairy producers and to reduce both the direct losses from mortality and retarded growth as well as the indirect loss of genetic potential, the research proposes to conduct a longitudinal study of abortion in cows. (advance-africa.com)
Cells3
- The CbSRs are up-regulated during intracellular growth in host cells. (wikipedia.org)
- We found that regularly changing inhibitor-containing media was required for sustained inhibition of C. burnetii LpxC in cells. (duke.edu)
- Studies are ongoing to identify the direct correlation between LDs and PGE2 production in Coxiella-infected cells and their contribution to PGE2-mediated immunosuppression. (pcom.edu)
Diagnosis2
- Diagnosis requires specific growth media, serologic or urine antigen. (msdmanuals.com)
- Results are useful in the diagnosis of acromegaly (growth hormone excess) or dwarfism (growth hormone deficiency). (tamu.edu)
Coli1
- We first determined the susceptibility of C. burnetii LpxC to LPC-011 in a surrogate E. coli model. (duke.edu)
Media1
- Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coxiella burnetii. (wikipedia.org)
Conditions1
- Here, however, it's worth noting that growth by fermentation is not common even in anaerobic conditions. (microscopemaster.com)
Disease1
- Microbes which have been shown to trigger CFS/ME include enteroviruses, Epstein-Barr virus, Chlamydia pneumoniae , parvovirus B19, Coxiella burnetii , Borna disease virus, varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, and human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6). (bmj.com)
Host cell1
Research1
- His research in Phylogenetics intersects with topics in Coxiella burnetii, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Dermacentor variabilis and Dermacentor. (research.com)
Small1
- Coxiella burnetii small RNAs (CbSRs 1, 11, 12, and 14) are encoded within intergenic region (IGR). (wikipedia.org)
Patient1
- Five patient samples showed transient growth of non-cytopathic enteroviruses. (bmj.com)
Environment1
- The chromosome also contains genes for a number of detoxification and stress response proteins such as dismutases that allow growth in the oxidative environment. (up.ac.za)