AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Group IV Phospholipases A2PhospholipasesPhospholipases APhospholipases A2Phospholipases A1Group II Phospholipases A2Type C PhospholipasesGroup X Phospholipases A2Phospholipases A2, SecretoryGroup V Phospholipases A2Group I Phospholipases A2LysophospholipaseSnake VenomsPhospholipase DCrotalid VenomsReceptors, Phospholipase A2Group VI Phospholipases A2Cobra VenomsViperidaeArachidonic AcidBothropsReptilian ProteinsPhospholipidsViper VenomsCrotoxinGroup III Phospholipases A2Elapid VenomsPhosphatidylcholinesElapidaePhospholipases A2, CytosolicPhospholipases A2, Calcium-IndependentHydrolysisMolecular Sequence DataBee VenomsAmino Acid SequenceGroup IA Phospholipases A2Arachidonic AcidsPhospholipase A2 InhibitorsCytosolPhosphatidylinositolsPhosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-LyaseKinetics
CytosolicSPLA2InhibitionProteinPhosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphateLipoprotein-associatedEnzymeCompoundsLysophospholipidsNeurotoxicIsoformsEnzymaticEnsemblBetaMarkersFattySurvivalIntracellularArachidonic acidActivityDiacylglycerolSnakeIndependentlySerum1993HumanMemberBacterial1990NeurodegenerativeBrainFamilyPatientsOccurSequenceInflammationCellLevelsRoleEffectsHydrophobicDomainAlphaType
Cytosolic4
  • Abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism may be associated with altered cytosolic Ca 2+ -dependent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) signaling in patients with schizophrenia. (nih.gov)
  • Two most notable families are secreted and cytosolic phospholipases A2. (wikipedia.org)
  • The main groups are the secreted PLA 2 (sPLA 2 ), cytosolic PLA 2 (cPLA 2 ) and Ca-independent PLA 2 (iPLA 2 ). (medscape.com)
  • A cytosolic phospholipase A2 group that plays an important role in the release of free ARACHIDONIC ACID , which in turn is metabolized to PROSTAGLANDINS by the CYCLOOXYGENASE pathway and to LEUKOTRIENES by the 5-LIPOXYGENASE pathway. (nih.gov)
SPLA22
  • In mice, group III sPLA2 are involved in sperm maturation, and group X are thought to be involved in sperm capacitation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oleyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine is an inhibitor of secreted Phospholipase A2 ( sPLA2 ), which is involved in the biosynthesis of proinflammatory lipid media. (medchemexpress.com)
Inhibition5
  • Azelastine has mast cell-stabilizing properties that prevent the release of interleukin-6, tryptase, histamine, and TNF-alpha 2 from mast cells, and has been shown to reduce mediators of mast cell degranulation such as leukotrienes in the nasal lavage of patients with rhinitis, 1 as well as inhibiting their production and release from eosinophils (potentially via inhibition of phospholipase A 2 and leukotriene C 4 synthase). (drugbank.com)
  • The interaction we describe suggests an explanation for the pathophysiological effects evoked by some secreted phospholipases A(2), such as the inhibition of protein phosphorylation, of terminal ion currents, and of neurotransmission, as well as the initiation of neuronal cell death, all processes regulated by 14-3-3 proteins. (pasteur.fr)
  • Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Competitive Inhibition method for detection of Human Thymosin Beta 4 (Tb4) in samples from Serum, plasma and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (1elisakits.com)
  • Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Thymosin Beta 4 (Tb4) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids. (1elisakits.com)
  • The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties of the drug are the result of its reversible inhibition of COX-2 and phospholipase A2 at clinically recommended doses. (vin.com)
Protein1
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate1
  • Phospholipase C (PLC) converts phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ) to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 ) and diacylglycerol (DAG). (medchemexpress.com)
Lipoprotein-associated2
  • Background: Increasing evidence suggests a proatherogenic role for lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA2). (nih.gov)
  • Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA2), a member of the phospholipase superfamily, is an enzyme produced by monocytes and macrophages, T cells, and mast cells. (nih.gov)
Enzyme4
  • The enzyme phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4, PLA2, systematic name phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase) catalyse the cleavage of fatty acids in position 2 of phospholipids, hydrolyzing the bond between the second fatty acid "tail" and the glycerol molecule: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate This particular phospholipase specifically recognizes the sn2 acyl bond of phospholipids and catalytically hydrolyzes the bond, releasing arachidonic acid and lysophosphatidic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phospholipase D (PLD) is an essential enzyme responsible for the production of the lipid second messenger phosphatidic acid (PA), which is involved in fundamental cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, cell proliferation and cell survival. (medchemexpress.com)
  • Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Mouse Solute Carrier Family 30 Member 4 (SLC30A4) in Tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
  • Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Thymosin Beta 4, Y-Chromosomal (Tb4Y) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids. (1elisakits.com)
Compounds3
  • Phospholipase is a member of a very complex group of enzymes that break down phospholipids into fatty acids and other compounds. (medchemexpress.com)
  • The conclusions drawn from the early literature that vitamin E group of compounds provides an inevitable role in cardioprotection is sustained in many more recent studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The vitamin E group of compounds is among the most prominent of the vitamins because of their antioxidant and related protective properties. (biomedcentral.com)
Lysophospholipids2
  • While most of the attention and ample research has been focused on these eicosanoids, [ 4 ] lysophospholipids, the second product of PLA 2 activity, have been largely ignored, despite clear evidence of their role in inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • Phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) catalyses the hydrolysis of the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids to yield fatty acids and lysophospholipids. (medchemexpress.com)
Neurotoxic3
  • Two novel acceptors for ammodytoxin C, a presynaptically neurotoxic phospholipase A(2) from snake venom, have been purified from porcine cerebral cortex by a toxin-affinity-based procedure. (pasteur.fr)
  • the protective and therapeutic groups receiving bee pollen and probiotic mixture treatment right before and after the neurotoxic dose of PPA, respectively. (degruyter.com)
  • Interestingly, the mixture of bee pollen and probiotics was effective in alleviating PPA neurotoxic effects in both therapeutic and protective groups demonstrating highly significant changes in IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, and IFN-γ levels together with non-significant reduction in IL-6 levels compared to PPA-treated rats. (degruyter.com)
Isoforms2
  • sPLA 2 s are a low-molecular-weight (average 14 kD) group of enzymes (16 isoforms, denoted types IA-XIV), characterized by at least six disulfide bonds, an absolute requirement for histidine in the active site and a dependence on mM Ca 2+ concentration. (medscape.com)
  • Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs), a family of peroxidases, is composed of six PRDX isoforms (PRDX1 to PRDX6) which played important roles in anti-oxidation processes [ 3 , 4 ]. (jcancer.org)
Enzymatic1
Ensembl2
  • Ensembl chr 4:83,723,561. (mcw.edu)
  • Ensembl chr 4:118,852,837. (mcw.edu)
Beta1
  • Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human Thymosin beta-4, Y-chromosomal (TMSB4Y) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids. (1elisakits.com)
Markers1
  • We now report the assignment of a second locus for ADCA (SCA2) to chromosome 12q23-24.1 following linkage analyses carried out for the Cuban pedigrees, with probable flanking markers D12S58 and phospholipase A2. (nih.gov)
Fatty1
  • The Ca-independent PLA 2 s (Group VIA-F) do not show any preference for fatty acid at the sn2 site and are considered to be mainly involved in membrane remodeling/homeostasis. (medscape.com)
Survival1
  • 65 years) to investigate the prognostic roles of age, TNM stage, dy-regulated PRDXs and the immune infiltrations in different age groups through Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses. (jcancer.org)
Intracellular1
  • It has been shown that in PLA2G12B null mice VLDL levels were greatly reduced, suggesting it could have an effect in lipoprotein secretion The intracellular, group IV PLA2 are also Ca-dependent, but they have a different 3D structure and are significantly larger than secreted PLA2 (more than 700 residues). (wikipedia.org)
Arachidonic acid1
  • Group IVA cPLA 2 is specific for arachidonic acid in the sn2 position, although other members of this group - cPLA 2 Group IVB and cPLA 2 Group IVC - show no specificity and cPLA 2 Group IVD is specific for linoleic acid. (medscape.com)
Activity3
  • There are atypical members of the phospholipase A2 family, such as PLA2G12B, that have no phospholipase activity with typical phospholipase substrate. (wikipedia.org)
  • BAPTA can also inhibit phospholipase C activity independently of their role as Ca 2+ chelators. (medchemexpress.com)
  • CGP-35949 sodium is a LTD4 antagonist with phospholipase inhibitory activity. (medchemexpress.com)
Diacylglycerol1
  • Some eicosanoids are synthesized from diacylglycerol, released from the lipid bilayer by phospholipase C (see below). (wikipedia.org)
Snake1
  • The extracellular forms of phospholipases A2 have been isolated from different venoms (snake, bee, and wasp), from virtually every studied mammalian tissue (including pancreas and kidney) as well as from bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Independently1
  • CD8 + T cell was independently prognostic for RFS in the two groups. (jcancer.org)
Serum3
  • Debiec et al reported that four of nine patients with childhood membranous nephropathy had high levels of circulating anti-bovine serum albumin antibodies and circulating cationic bovine serum albumin. (medscape.com)
  • Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Heparin Platelet Factor 4 antibody in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (gkts.net)
  • Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Solute Carrier Family 30 Member 4 from Mouse in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
19931
Human2
  • Considering 4 mouse and 7 human high-quality proteome data sets, we identified then those major mRNA expression differences (81%) which were supported by proteome data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The text then examines the application of group-specific reagents for hydrophobic labeling and crosslinking of membrane proteins and comparison of secreted and membrane-bound human immunoglobulins M and D. The publication tackles sialoglycoproteins (glycophorins) in the plasma membranes of different cells and their receptor functions and the structures and antigenic properties of human erythrocyte membrane sialoglycoproteins. (elsevier.com)
Member1
  • Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Solute Carrier Family 30 Member 4 (SLC30A4) in samples from tissue homogenates or other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
Bacterial1
  • The genus Burkholderia sensu lato is composed of a diverse and metabolically versatile group of bacterial species. (duke.edu)
19902
  • Following a position within the Developmental Disorders Center at UNC, she joined NIEHS as head of Neurotoxicology Group in 1990. (nih.gov)
  • Maternal and or Latino origin for the United States: 1990 Child Health Journal, 10(4), 351пїЅ360. (ehd.org)
Neurodegenerative1
  • The autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCA) are a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by onset with gait ataxia, dysarthria, dysmetria and dysdiadochokinesia. (nih.gov)
Brain2
  • A rat model of neuroinflammation will be presented involving LPS infusion that leads to elevated brain activities of phospholipase A2 enzymes that are coupled to cytokine and NMDA receptors, elevated release of AA from brain phospholipid, and increased conversion of AA to PGE2 and other eicosanoids. (nih.gov)
  • The levels of interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon γ (IFN-γ) were investigated to evaluate the neuroinflammatory responses in brain tissues from different animal groups. (degruyter.com)
Family2
  • One such potential target is phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ), a family of enzymes that has been studied extensively for over three decades. (medscape.com)
  • Chapparvoviruses (ChPVs) comprise a divergent, recently identified group of parvoviruses (family Parvoviridae ), associated with nephropathy in immunocompromised laboratory mice and with prevalence in deep sequencing results of livestock showing diarrhea. (mdpi.com)
Patients6
  • 4, 5] Anti-PLA2R antibodies are typically not found in patients with secondary membranous nephropathy. (medscape.com)
  • 4] Anti-PLA2R antibodies have been found in patients with viral infections (eg, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV), but those patients may have had coincidental primary membranous nephropathy. (medscape.com)
  • Nous avons réalisé un essai en double aveugle contre placebo sur 50 patients atteints de diabète de type 2 randomisés pour recevoir 2 g/jour d'acides gras oméga 3 purifiés ou un placebo pendant 10 semaines. (who.int)
  • ADACTA was a Phase IV study that assessed the efficacy of TCZ as monotherapy compared with adalimumab as monotherapy in adults who experienced RA for 6?months and who were intolerant of or not good candidates for continued use of methotrexate (MTX).24 A total of 326 7-Dehydrocholesterol patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either TCZ 8? (abic2004.org)
  • If patients with SCD crisis are being transported by emergency medical services (EMS), they should receive supplemental oxygen and intravenous hydration en route to the hospital. (medscape.com)
  • Approval of L-glutamine was based on data from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in which, over the course of 48 weeks, patients receiving L-glutamine had fewer hospital visits for pain crises that resulted in treatment with parenteral narcotics or ketorolac (median three vs four), fewer hospitalizations for sickle cell pain (median two vs three), and fewer days in hospital (median 6.5 vs 11). (medscape.com)
Occur1
  • Four different forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols occur in nature and differ by the numbers and positions of methyl groups on the aromatic portion of the chromanol head group. (biomedcentral.com)
Sequence1
  • Phospholipases A2 can be classified based on sequence homology. (wikipedia.org)
Inflammation1
  • Metabolic syndrome is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, which is caused by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors (4). (cdc.gov)
Cell4
  • Venom phospholipases help to immobilize prey by promoting cell lysis[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)
  • These phospholipases are involved in cell signaling processes, such as inflammatory response. (wikipedia.org)
  • The crystals belong to space group P4(1) with cell dimensions of a=b=42.0A, c=65.9A. The X-ray crystal structure was determined at 1.8A resolution using molecular replacement method and refined to an R value of 0.179 for 10,023 reflections. (nih.gov)
  • Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2G2A) genes with susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (cdc.gov)
Levels2
  • No statistical difference in the total (n-6) PUFA levels was observed between the autistic and the control groups. (scialert.net)
  • The major variations observed in PUFA levels between the two groups of subjects involved the (n-3) PUFA series. (scialert.net)
Role1
  • Mrr from Escherichia coli K12 is a type IV restriction endonuclease whose role is to recognize and cleave foreign methylated DNA. (uci.edu)
Effects1
  • 1 Intranasal formulations have a relatively long-duration of action, with peak effects observed 4-6 hours after the initial dose and efficacy maintained over the entirety of the standard 12 hour dosing interval. (drugbank.com)
Hydrophobic1
  • These molecules consist of a chromanol head group linked to an isoprenoid-derived hydrophobic tail. (biomedcentral.com)
Domain1
Alpha1
  • Podocyte injury associated with mutant alpha-actinin-4. (ohri.ca)
Type2
  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered germline genetic variation associated with type 2 diabetes risk ( 1 - 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) has been identified as the major target antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy in adults. (medscape.com)