• Recent studies indicate that some hematopoietic growth factors, namely granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), are abundantly released in the tumor microenvironment and play a key role in regulating tumor-nerve interactions and tumor-associated pain by activating receptors on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lenzilumab, a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) neutralizing antibody, prevents GM CSF from binding to receptors on hematologic progenitor cells. (biospace.com)
  • They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. (curehunter.com)
  • Recombinant GM-CSF injected into the uterine lumen of ovariectomised mice was found to elicit a dose-dependant accumulation of macrophages and granulocytes in the endometrium, in a pattern of distribution comparable to that seen in uteri after natural mating. (edu.au)
  • Dr. Huntington Potter at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center has shown that GM-CSF (recombinant human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor such as the commercially available Leukine) can slow or reverse Alzheimer's disease (AD) (CU#4306H). (technologypublisher.com)
  • The effect of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on the expression of HLA-DR, and the production of the cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) by human peripheral blood monocyte-enriched populations was investigated. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Granulocyte/macrophage - Colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic factor that is produced by activated T-cells, B-cells, mast cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • Cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells from various lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and erythrocytes. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • In the peritoneal cavity of GM-CSF-treated mice, the percentages of hematopoietic progenitor cells doubly positive for CD5 and CD34 or c-kit and of macrophage precursor cells doubly positive for CD5 and ER-MP58 or ER-MP20 were increased significantly during the development of CD5+ macrophages and CD5 B cells, suggesting that CD5+ macrophages and B cells may share a bipotential progenitor in vivo. (jax.org)
  • Moreover, these hematopoietic factors have been highly implicated in postsurgical pain, inflammatory pain and osteoarthritic pain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several types of non-hematopoietic tumors secrete hematopoietic colony stimulating factors, which act on myeloid cells and tumor cells[ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is known to inhibit the growth of immature hematopoietic progenitor cells, whereas more mature, lineage-restricted progenitors are not inhibited. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Two hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors, granulocyte colony- stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), have been shown to accelerate leukocyte and neutrophil recovery after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow (BM) support. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), also known as colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), is a monomeric glycoprotein secreted by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts that functions as a cytokine. (wikipedia.org)
  • IL1α was predominantly seen in vascular endothelial cells, whereas IL1β staining was mainly shown in macrophages and fibroblasts. (bmj.com)
  • Monocytes exit the circulation and migrate into tissue, whereupon they mature into macrophages and dendritic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The inhibitory effect of PAP-BALF occurred only when TF-1 cells were cultured with GM-CSF but not when cultured with IL-3, suggesting that PAP-BALF contains a factor that specifically interferes with GM-CSF function. (wiley.com)
  • Factors in seminal plasma elicit a surge of GM-CSF expression in uterine epithelial cells after mating in mice. (edu.au)
  • Cells expressing GM-CSF receptor were identified as macrophages, granulocytes and putative dendritic cells by flow cytometric analysis using lineage and receptor subunit specific antibodies. (edu.au)
  • In co-cultures of either the murine pre-B cell line J13, fetal liver cells, or adult peritoneal or bone marrow cells with ST2 mouse bone marrow stromal cells in the presence of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), the development of CD5+ macrophages was demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry. (jax.org)
  • Although CD5+ macrophages were not present in the peritoneal cavities of normal mice, approximately 30% of the peritoneal macrophages in viable motheaten (mev/mev) mice, deficient in SHP-1 protein tyrosine phosphatase, expressed cell surface CD5 and B220, markers for B cells. (jax.org)
  • However, IFN-gamma enhanced the cell surface expression of HLA-DR and the production of IL-1 and TNF alpha on monocyte-enriched cells stimulated by GM-CSF. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Although macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is often termed autoinflammatory in both loss and gain of function phenotypes, adaptive lineage cells, especially T cells, are clearly important in both settings. (nature.com)
  • The distinct MAS phenotype that arises with hypercytokinaemia can be explained by activation of macrophages that are closely juxtaposed to sinusoids that permit direct phagocytic access to haematopoietic lineage cells. (nature.com)
  • In suspension cultures, TGF-beta 1 and GM-CSF stimulated an increase in total viable cells with markedly enhanced neutrophilic differentiation and a concomitant decrease in the number of monocytes/macrophages by day 6 in culture. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Within 1 wk of liquid culture in granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), normal B10 BR (H-2k I-E+) mouse liver nonparenchymal cells (NPC) formed loosely adherent myeloid cell clusters that have been shown to contain dendritic cell (DC) progenitors in similar studies of mouse blood or bone marrow. (silverchair.com)
  • However, the intensity of expression of the DC-restricted markers NLDC 145, 33D1, and N418, and the macrophage marker F4/80, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and Fc gamma RII was low to moderate, whereas the cells were negative for CD3, CD45RA, and NK1.1. (silverchair.com)
  • However, when 7-d cultured GM-CSF-stimulated liver cells were maintained additionally for three or more days on type-1 collagen-coated plates in the continued presence of GM-CSF, they exhibited characteristics of mature DC: MHC class II expression was markedly upregulated, mixed leukocyte reaction stimulatory activity was increased, and phagocytic function was decreased. (silverchair.com)
  • In methylcellulose clonal culture of fetal liver (FL) cells of generated hGMR-expressing EPOR -/- embryos at embryonic day (E) 12.5 of gestation, hGM-CSF stimulated erythroid colony formation under serum-containing and serum-free conditions. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Analysis of globin expression in individual erythrocyte-containing colonies formed from E12.5 FL cells showed that hGM-CSF supports primitive and definitive erythropoiesis even in EPOR -/- embryos. (elsevierpure.com)
  • and induced increase of GATA-1 expression and decrease of erythroid Kruppel-like factor and cMyb expression in the FL cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • All together, the results of the present study demonstrated that hGM-CSF can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of primitive and definitive erythroid cells independently of EPOR signal if they express hGMR, and the activity is comparable to that of EPO in definitive, but not primitive, erythropoiesis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This cytokine is produced without using animal derived components in culture process.Four colony-stimulating factors possessing the ability to promote survival, proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow progenitor cells have been identified: GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF and IL-3. (fujifilm.com)
  • IL-18 has been reported to induce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production in T cells, and both agents also inhibit OCL formation in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This cytokine is expressed by activated macrophages that serve as an essential inducer of Th1 cells development. (nih.gov)
  • Cannabinoid type-2 (CB 2 ) receptor activation was shown to reduce the production of the monocyte chemotactic protein-2 (MCP-2) chemokine in polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly-(I:C)]-stimulated human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells, an in vitro model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). (aspetjournals.org)
  • The cellular levels of endocannabinoids [anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol] and related molecules (palmitoylethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide) were quantified in poly-(I:C)-stimulated HaCaT cells treated with CBD. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We show that in poly-(I:C)-stimulated HaCaT cells, CBD elevates the levels of AEA and dose-dependently inhibits poly-(I:C)-induced release of MCP-2, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor- α in a manner reversed by CB 2 and TRPV1 antagonists 6-iodopravadoline (AM630) and 5′-iodio-resiniferatoxin (I-RTX), respectively, with no cytotoxic effect. (aspetjournals.org)
  • OBJECTIVES Assessment of the numbers and spatial distribution of cells producing interleukin 1α (IL1α), interleukin 1β (IL1β), tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin 6 (IL6) in the synovial membranes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (bmj.com)
  • THP-1 cells can also restore the response of purified T lymphocytes to Concanavlin A, show increased CO 2 production on phagocytosis and can be differentiated into macrophage-like cells using for example DMSO. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • In addition, some studies have suggested a role for tumor necrosis factor, and others have suggested an imbalance of type 1 helper T cells. (medscape.com)
  • Recent work with transgenic mice demonstrated that disruption of the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or the common beta-subunit of the GM-CSF receptor caused alveolar proteinosis that was histologically similar to that seen in human patients. (nih.gov)
  • Mice deficient in granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) develop pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). (wiley.com)
  • Effects of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor on the development and differentiation of CD5-positive macrophages and their potential derivation from a CD5-positive B-cell lineage in mice. (jax.org)
  • At 5 days after daily intravenous injection with GM-CSF, many CD5+ macrophages appeared in the peritoneal cavity and in omental milky spots of normal mice but fewer in osteopetrosis (op) mutant mice, deficient in macrophage (M)-CSF. (jax.org)
  • Takahashi K, Miyakawa K, Wynn AA, Nakayama KI, Myint YY, Naito M, Shultz LD, Tominaga A, Takatsu K. Effects of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor on the development and differentiation of CD5-positive macrophages and their potential derivation from a CD5-positive B-cell lineage in mice. (jax.org)
  • Bone marrow progenitors obtained from mice 3 days after treatment with 5-fluorouracil responded to a combination of GM-CSF and TGF-beta 1, whereas either factor alone had no effect. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To address this issue, human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) receptor (hGMR)-transgenic mice and heterozygous EPOR mutant mice were crossed by in vitro fertilization. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Propagation of dendritic cell progenitors from normal mouse liver using granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and their maturational development in the presence of type-1 collagen. (silverchair.com)
  • Administration of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) after birth raises neutrophil counts but does not improve neonatal or 2-year developmental outcomes. (bmj.com)
  • Low affinity receptor for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. (cusabio.com)
  • G-/GMCSF activates the JAK family of receptor tyrosine kinases, which unfolds its activity by not only regulating enzymes and target proteins within its local milieu, but importantly also by activating the STAT family of transcription factors, which subsequently dimerize and translocate to the cell nucleus to regulate gene expression[ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, although interleukin 7 (IL-7) supports the generation of such myeloid intermediates, we show that their developmental branching from the main intrathymic T-cell pathway is linked to the up-regulation of the myelomonocytic granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor, to the down-regulation of the IL-7 receptor and to the lack of pre-T-cell receptor α (pTα) gene transcriptional activation. (ashpublications.org)
  • the progenitor cell is tentatively designated granulocyte burst-forming unit. (ox.ac.uk)
  • On the other hand, in E8.0 yolk sac erythropoiesis, both substances had a similar effect on erythroid colony formation, but hGM-CSF induced an increase of β-major globin expression, while EPO did not. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Recognizing MAS variants and the important anatomical considerations around macrophage perivascular topography in the marrow, liver and spleen allows for a novel evaluation of other states associated with hypercytokinaemia. (nature.com)
  • A hyperinflammatory 'cytokine storm' state termed macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), culminating from a complex interplay of genetics, immunodeficiency, infectious triggers and dominant innate immune effector responses, can develop across disparate entities including systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and its counterpart adult-onset Still disease (AOSD), connective tissue diseases, sepsis, infection, cancers and cancer immunotherapy. (nature.com)
  • In addition to supporting colony formation of granulocyte/macrophage progenitors, GM-CSF is a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte, and eosinophil progenitors. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • The cytokine activates macrophages to inhibit fungal survival. (wikipedia.org)
  • These data suggest that IPAP is caused by expression of binding factor(s) which inhibit GM-CSF function in the lung. (wiley.com)
  • Interleukin-18 (interferon-gamma-inducing factor) is produced by osteoblasts and acts via granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and not via interferon-gamma to inhibit osteoclast formation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Stimulation of granulopoiesis by transforming growth factor beta: synergy with granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself. (cusabio.com)
  • As shown for the Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1α, de novo RNA synthesis correlates with the number of CpG dinucleotides, whereas RNA splicing, stability, nuclear export and translation are not affected by the sequence modification. (nih.gov)
  • Talimogene laherparepvec is a genetically modified herpes simplex virus type 1 that is designed to replicate within tumors and produce the immunostimulatory protein granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). (medscape.com)
  • Thus, it is part of the immune/inflammatory cascade, by which activation of a small number of macrophages can rapidly lead to an increase in their numbers, a process crucial for fighting infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is an immunoregulatory cytokine with a pivotal role in initiation and perpetuation of inflammatory diseases. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • These studies demonstrate the previously unanticipated role of GM-CSF signaling in surfactant homeostasis, mediated (at least in part) by its actions on the clearance of surfactant lipids and proteins by the alveolar macrophage. (nih.gov)
  • Amongst these, we validate calpain 2, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and a RhoGTPase Rac1 as well as Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) as transcriptional targets of G-/GMCSF and demonstrate the importance of MMP9 and Rac1 in GMCSF-induced nociceptor sensitization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TNF, tumor necrosis factor. (cdc.gov)
  • GM-CSF is a monomeric glycoprotein that functions as a cytokine-it is a white blood cell growth factor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unituxin is a GD2-binding monoclonal antibody indicated, in combination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and 13-cis-retinoic acid (RA), for the treatment of pediatric patients with high-risk neuroblastoma who achieve at least a partial response to prior first-line multiagent, multimodality therapy. (nih.gov)
  • MWCNT exposure caused increased interleukin-6 (IL-6), chemokine ligands 1 and 2 (CXCL1, CCL2), and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) levels relative to air-exposed controls. (cdc.gov)
  • Objective We performed a randomised trial in very preterm, small for gestational age (SGA) babies to determine if prophylaxis with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) improves outcomes (the PROGRAMS trial). (bmj.com)
  • Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) administered after birth does not alter 5-year neurocognitive outcomes. (bmj.com)
  • Effect of the Concentration Levels of Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor I on the Polymorphisms of the Il12p40 Gene in Lung Cancer Patients. (nih.gov)
  • VEGF=Vascular endothelial growth factor. (molvis.org)
  • GM-CSF is able to stimulate the development of DCs that ingest, process, and present antigens to the immune system (Francisco-Cruz et al. (stemcell.com)
  • Morphological examination showed an increase in granulocyte colonies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The most commonly implicated agents are those that increase granulocyte colony-simulating factor (G-CSF). (medscape.com)