AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentDisciplines and Occupations
Granular Cell TumorNeoplasms, Muscle TissueGingival NeoplasmsVaginal NeoplasmsTongue NeoplasmsJuxtaglomerular ApparatusHemocytesAmeloblastomaMandibular NeoplasmsS100 ProteinsRodent DiseasesDog DiseasesAnal Gland NeoplasmsNeurilemmomaFadrozoleColon, DescendingCytoplasmic GranulesTracheal NeoplasmsMicroscopy, ElectronImmunohistochemistryMeningiomaBufo marinusHistocytochemistryCerebellumHorse DiseasesEpidermisGenitalia, FemaleLaryngeal NeoplasmsUrinary Bladder
TumorTumorsCytoplasmCerebellumMalignantDentate gyrus granule cellsNeuronsSquamous cell carcDiagnosisNeoplasmsHippocampal granuleLymphocytic leukemiaNeuronalBenignMitral cellNeuronMammalianMolecularCongenital epulisMaturationPigmentExcitatoryTumourCerebellar cortexDendritesLesionPyramidalTumoursMyoblastomaProteinPurkinjeAxonsInputsGlutamatergicTissueAxonalSynapsesOlfactoryResembleDistinctNmdaMorphologicalSpatio-temporalLayerHippocampusHistologicPathogenesis
Tumor36
Tumors27
  • Granular cell tumors are uncommon lesions, although the head and neck region accounts for approximately 50% of all lesions. (medscape.com)
  • The etiology of oral granular cell tumors is unknown. (medscape.com)
  • Malignancy is limited to approximately 1-2% of all granular cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Granular cell tumors are slow-growing lesions (0.5-1 mm per year) that are neither painful nor tender. (medscape.com)
  • The head and neck region accounts for approximately 45-65% of all sites for granular cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Approximately 70% of oral granular cell tumors occur in the tongue. (medscape.com)
  • As a general rule, the depth of biopsy for granular cell tumors approximates the diameter of the lesion. (medscape.com)
  • Malignant granular cell tumors, which fortunately are rare, may have a very benign histologic appearance. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment for granular cell tumors and congenital epulis is surgery. (medscape.com)
  • While extensive surgery is not indicated, recurrence of granular cell tumors has been reported several years after removal. (medscape.com)
  • Granular cell tumors have been reported to recur several years after removal. (medscape.com)
  • Mesenchymal tumors include structures arising from mesodermal-derived precursor cells that develop into cartilage, bone, or other connective tissues. (newhopemedicalcenter.com)
  • The goal of our alternative treatments for granular cell tumors is to stimulate the spontaneous regression of cancer cells and ultimately light your path toward remission. (newhopemedicalcenter.com)
  • Oral granular cell tumors: a clinicopathologic and immunocytochemical study. (medscape.com)
  • Freitas VS, dos Santos JN, Oliveira MC, Santos PP, Freitas Rde A, de Souza LB. Intraoral granular cell tumors: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study. (medscape.com)
  • Pulmonary Granular Cell Tumors: A Study of 4 Cases Including a Malignant Phenotype. (uchicago.edu)
  • Cutaneous clear-cell granular cell tumors: the histologic description of an unusual variant. (uchicago.edu)
  • In 1926, Abrikossoff first described granular cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Granular cell tumors now generally are accepted as being of neural origin, either Schwann cell or neuroendocrine. (medscape.com)
  • Malignant granular cell tumors are extremely uncommon, accounting for less than 2% of granular cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, a frequent finding in granular cell tumors, generally is not present over the congenital epulis. (medscape.com)
  • Granular cell tumors occur more commonly in blacks than in whites. (medscape.com)
  • Granular cell tumors occur twice as frequently in females than in males. (medscape.com)
  • The age range for occurrence of granular cell tumors is from the second to the eighth decade, most frequently in the fourth and fifth decades. (medscape.com)
  • Tumors of the soft tissues composed of large eosinophilic cells. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Introduction and importance: Granular cell tumors (GCT) are rare neoplasms. (ucc.edu.ar)
  • Tumors composed of a mix of spindle-A and spindle-B melanoma cells are designated spindle cell melanomas . (aao.org)
Cytoplasm13
  • In the transmission electron microscope, these cells are characterized by a darkly stained nucleus surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Congenital epulis also contains sheets and/or clusters of plump cells with a granular cytoplasm and rounded or oval nuclei. (medscape.com)
  • Granular cell astrocytoma (GCA) is a rare glial neoplasm composed of abundant granular cytoplasm gives immunoreactivity for GFAP and S100 stains. (edu.pk)
  • The microscopy showed sheets of large cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. (edu.pk)
  • Histopathologic evaluation showed sheets and nests of cells with abundant eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm in a uniform distribution throughout the lesion. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Microscopic examination of the lesions showed densely packed round to oval cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and uniform nuclei. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Microscopic examination of the lesions showed round or ovoid cells with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and centrally located nuclei (Fig 3 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • plump polyhedral nevus cells: Abundant cytoplasm is filled with pigment and has a small round to oval nucleus with bland appearance. (aao.org)
  • slender spindle nevus cells (Fig 12-16): The cytoplasm contains scant pigment and a small, dark, elongated nucleus. (aao.org)
  • balloon cells: Abundant, foamy cytoplasm lacks pigment and has a bland nucleus. (aao.org)
  • Histologically, a melanocytoma is composed of large polyhedral cells with small round to oval nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. (aao.org)
  • Epithelioid melanoma cells resemble epithelium because of their abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and enlarged round to oval nuclei. (aao.org)
  • Note the balloon cells (arrowheads) with abundant foamy cytoplasm. (aao.org)
Cerebellum8
  • Granule cells are found within the granular layer of the cerebellum, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the superficial layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the olfactory bulb, and the cerebral cortex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cerebellar granule cells receive only a few inputs that can arise from a multitude of places throughout the brain and sensory periphery, indicating they may be well positioned to receive and transmit an array of non-sensorimotor signals to the cerebellum. (nature.com)
  • 1 . Masoli S, Tognolina M, Laforenza U, Moccia F, D'Angelo E (2020) Parameter tuning differentiates granule cell subtypes enriching transmission properties at the cerebellum input stage. (yale.edu)
  • TITLE Cerebellum Granule Cell Model COMMENT basato sul modello di Raman a 13 stati. (yale.edu)
  • A realistic large-scale model of the cerebellum granular layer predicts circuit spatio-temporal filtering properties. (modeldb.science)
  • Here, we used a connectomic approach using a high-resolution, serial-sectioning scanning electron microscopy volume to investigate the laminar cytoarchitecture of the transient external granular layer (EGL) of the developing cerebellum, where granule cells coordinate a series of mitotic and migratory events. (hal.science)
  • Dystrophin was expressed in all hippocampal pyramidal subfields and in the molecular-, Purkinje-, and granular cell layer of the cerebellum. (frontiersin.org)
  • In rat hippocampus and cerebellum there were neither differences in dystrophin positive cell types, nor in the regional dystrophin distribution between AK and control animals. (frontiersin.org)
Malignant1
  • Immunohistochemical and molecular genetics study of a granular cell astrocytoma: a case report of malignant transformation to a glioblastoma. (edu.pk)
Dentate gyrus granule cells3
  • CA3 granule cells in normal, healthy rats, similarly to dentate gyrus granule cells, coexpressed calbindin and the homeobox protein Prox1. (jneurosci.org)
  • CA3 granule cells were present in numbers that were comparable to the rarer GABAergic neuronal subtypes, and their somato-dendritic morphology, intrinsic properties, and perforant path inputs were similar to those of dentate gyrus granule cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • in the dentate gyrus granule cells (DGGCs) of preadolescent rats. (kyobobook.co.kr)
Neurons10
  • The name granule cell has been used for a number of different types of neurons whose only common feature is that they all have very small cell bodies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cerebellar granule cells account for the majority of neurons in the human brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] The existence of gap junctions between granule cells allows multiple neurons to be coupled to one another allowing multiple cells to act in synchrony and to allow signalling functions necessary for granule cell development to occur. (wikipedia.org)
  • The granule cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus are small neurons with two or three short dendrites that give rise to a few branches with expansions at the terminals. (wikipedia.org)
  • A fundamental property of neuronal networks in Ammon's horn is that each area comprises a single glutamatergic cell population and various types of GABAergic neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • A puzzling case is presented by cerebellar granule cells (GrC), the most numerous neurons of the brain 4 . (nature.com)
  • Neurons called granule cells are thought to play a central role in hippocampal pattern separation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Although primary cultures of neurons are essential methods for cell biological and pharmacological researches, many animals must be sacrificed for each experiment. (go.jp)
  • Because in α 6 −/− neurons the remaining α 1 , β 2/3 , and γ 2 subunits cannot rescue the δ subunit, certain potential subunit combinations may not be found in wild-type cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • Rhombic lip derivatives, normally destined to occupy the external granule cell layer, violate the cerebellar boundary to form a ventrolateral nucleus in a position comparable to that occupied by rhombic lip derived neurons in rhombomere 2. (biomedcentral.com)
Squamous cell carc1
  • When it develops beneath the epidermis or mucous membrane, it can lead to proliferation of the squamous cells and mimic squamous cell carcinoma. (uchicago.edu)
Diagnosis2
  • The diagnosis was congenital granular cell tumour. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The differential diagnosis included congenital granular cell tumour (CGCT), odontogenic tumour, teratoma, neuroectodermal tumour, haemangioma and fibroma with a provisional diagnosis of CGCT. (biomedcentral.com)
Neoplasms1
  • Within the B-cell and T-cell categories, two subdivisions are recognized: precursor neoplasms, which correspond to the earliest stages of differentiation, and more mature differentiated neoplasms. (medscape.com)
Hippocampal granule1
  • Here we introduce a novel system to cryopreserve hippocampal granule cells (GCs) prepared from postnatal rats. (go.jp)
Lymphocytic leukemia2
  • T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL) is a rare haematologic neoplasm. (oncotarget.com)
  • T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL) is a lympho-proliferative neoplasm of cytotoxic T cells [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Neuronal7
  • These two populations of granule cells are also the only major neuronal populations that undergo adult neurogenesis, while cerebellar and cortical granule cells do not. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results indicate that granule cells in the CA3 constitute a glutamatergic, nonprincipal neuronal subtype that is integrated into the CA3 synaptic network. (jneurosci.org)
  • The cerebellar granule cells (GrCs) are classically described as a homogeneous neuronal population discharging regularly without adaptation. (nature.com)
  • Thus, ABGCs provide two temporally overlapping but functionally distinct neuronal cell populations, adding a novel level of complexity to our understanding of how life-long neurogenesis contributes to adult brain function. (elifesciences.org)
  • These cells are the most abundant neuronal population of the DG and their morphology is closely related to their function and connectivity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A number of distinct neuronal populations are generated in r1, including cerebellar granule cells [ 2 ], the most populous neuron in the vertebrate CNS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • find that Cbln1 is released from lysosomes by neuronal activity and accumulated at axonal boutons of cerebellar granule cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Benign1
  • Congenital oral granular cell tumour of the newborn is an uncommon benign tumour of uncertain origin. (biomedcentral.com)
Mitral cell3
  • Each cell gives rise to short central dendrites and a single long apical dendrite that expands into the granule cell layer and enters the mitral cell body layer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Olfactory bulb mitral cell granule cell (see Mori 1987 Prog Neurobiol. (modeldb.science)
  • white lines: mitral cell dendrites. (frontiersin.org)
Neuron2
  • Granule cells (save for those of the olfactory bulb) have a structure typical of a neuron consisting of dendrites, a soma (cell body) and an axon. (wikipedia.org)
  • The main intrinsic granule cell in the vertebrate olfactory bulb lacks an axon (as does the accessory neuron). (wikipedia.org)
Mammalian2
  • In the mammalian olfactory bulb, granule cells can process both synaptic input and output due to the presence of large spines. (wikipedia.org)
  • The adult hippocampus hosts the continuous addition of new dentate granule cells (DGCs) in numerous mammalian species, including humans. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular5
  • Cerebellar granule cells project up through the Purkinje layer into the molecular layer where they branch out into parallel fibers that spread through Purkinje cell dendritic arbors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Its axon projects to the molecular layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus where it forms parallel fibers, also similar to cerebellar granule cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • To study the molecular basis for organized pigment granule transport, procedures were developed to lyse melanophores of Tilapia mossambica under conditions in which pigment granule movements could be reactivated. (rupress.org)
  • Granular cell astrocytoma: an aggressive IDH‐wildtype diffuse glioma with molecular genetic features of primary glioblastoma. (edu.pk)
  • We report that pilocarpine-induced seizures accelerated the morphological development of labeled granule cells, causing their dendrites to extend through the molecular layer. (elsevierpure.com)
Congenital epulis1
  • Congenital granular cell lesion (CGCL) is well known to appear as the congenital epulis, predominantly on the median maxillary alveolar ridge. (elsevierpure.com)
Maturation2
  • The morphological maturation of this cell population is crucial for the establishment of appropriate afferent connections from the perforant pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, seizures facilitated functional integration of adult-generated granule cells.Onemonthlater, subsequent generations of newborn cells also showed alterations in dendrite morphology, suggesting persistent effects of seizures on granule cell maturation. (elsevierpure.com)
Pigment6
  • Light-induced pigment granule migration in the retinular cells of Drosophila melanogaster. (cdc.gov)
  • Light-induced pigment granule migration" (1981). (cdc.gov)
  • The dependence of pigment granule migration (PGM) upon the receptor potential was examined using several strains of electroretinogram (ERG)-defective mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. (cdc.gov)
  • Reactivated melanophore motility: differential regulation and nucleotide requirements of bidirectional pigment granule transport. (rupress.org)
  • Gentle lysis of the melanophores resulted in a permeabilized cell model, which, in the absence of exogenous ATP, could undergo multiple rounds of pigment granule aggregation and dispersion when sequentially challenged with epinephrine and cAMP. (rupress.org)
  • These results provide evidence that pigment granule motility may be based on two distinct mechanisms that are differentially activated and regulated to produce bidirectional movements. (rupress.org)
Excitatory8
  • These granule cells receive excitatory input from mossy fibers originating from pontine nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
  • These parallel fibers form thousands of excitatory granule-cell-Purkinje-cell synapses onto the intermediate and distal dendrites of Purkinje cells using glutamate as a neurotransmitter. (wikipedia.org)
  • The dorsal cochlear granule cells are small excitatory interneurons which are developmentally related and thus resemble the cerebellar granule cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cerebellar granule cells receive excitatory input from 3 or 4 mossy fibers originating from pontine nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mossy fibers make an excitatory connection onto granule cells which cause the granule cell to fire an action potential. (wikipedia.org)
  • Excitatory hilar mossy cells (MCs) in the dentate gyrus receive inputs from dentate granule cells (GCs) and project back to GCs locally, contralaterally, and along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus, thereby establishing an associative positive-feedback loop and connecting functionally diverse hippocampal areas. (nih.gov)
  • During the first weeks of their existence, mouse newborn granule cells labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein have only short dendrites that lack excitatory input. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 1984. The reversal potential of excitatory amino acid action on granule cells of the rat dentate gyrus. (cdc.gov)
Tumour2
  • Primitive non-neural granular cell tumour (PNGCT) is a rare tumour of uncertain lineage. (bmj.com)
  • Congenital oral granular cell tumour occurs almost exclusively in Caucasian newborns but also rarely in black infants. (biomedcentral.com)
Cerebellar cortex2
  • The granule cells, produced by the rhombic lip, are found in the granule cell layer of the cerebellar cortex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anatomical tracing did not reveal direct input to the cerebellar cortex from midbrain dopamine cells like those of the ventral tegmental area that are known to convey reward signals ( Cohen et al, 2012 ). (nature.com)
Dendrites6
  • Dendrites: Each granule cell has 3 - 4 stubby dendrites which end in a claw. (wikipedia.org)
  • The granule cell has a characteristic cone-shaped tree of spiny apical dendrites. (wikipedia.org)
  • The dendrites are short with claw-like endings that form glomeruli to receive mossy fibers, similar to cerebellar granule cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The aforementioned axons establish the first synapse with the dendrites of dentate granule cells (DGCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we show that Cbln1, a synaptic organizer of the C1q family, is released from lysosomes in axons but not dendrites of cerebellar granule cells in an activity- and Ca 2+ -dependent manner. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Climbing Fiber Coupling between Adjacent Purkinje Cell Dendrites in Vivo. (lu.se)
Lesion3
  • In this report, we report a case of congenital granular cell lesion seen on the tongue. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The lesion was excised at 4 months, and its histological examination revealed large granular cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Immunochemical staining by S-100 was negative, and it was diagnosed as congenital granular cell lesion. (elsevierpure.com)
Pyramidal1
  • Somatic paired recordings revealed that CA3 granule cells innervated CA3 pyramidal and GABAergic cells similarly to conventional mossy fiber synapses. (jneurosci.org)
Tumours1
  • Granular-cell tumours: an immunohistochemical study. (medscape.com)
Myoblastoma1
  • For many years, these lesions were referred to as granular cell myoblastoma. (medscape.com)
Protein1
  • Here, removal of intact α 6 protein from cerebellar granule cells allowed perturbations in other subunit levels to be studied. (jneurosci.org)
Purkinje4
  • Axon: Each granule cell sends a single axon onto the Purkinje cell dendritic tree. (wikipedia.org)
  • Synapse: 100-300,000 granule cell axons synapse onto a single Purkinje cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The axon of a cerebellar granule cell splits to form a parallel fiber which innervates Purkinje cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Second, these antibodies impair the induction of synaptic plasticity, rebound potentiation, and LTD, on Purkinje cells, resulting in loss of restoration and compensation of the distorted "internal models. (springer.com)
Axons2
  • For instance, olfactory bulb granule cells are GABAergic and axonless, while granule cells in the dentate gyrus have glutamatergic projection axons. (wikipedia.org)
  • CA3 granule cell axons displayed giant mossy fiber terminals with filopodial extensions, demonstrating that not all mossy fibers originate from the dentate gyrus. (jneurosci.org)
Inputs3
  • Layer 4 granule cells of the cerebral cortex receive inputs from the thalamus and send projections to supragranular layers 2-3, but also to infragranular layers of the cerebral cortex. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, CA3 granule cells were distinct in the specific organization of their GABAergic inputs. (jneurosci.org)
  • The main challenge we are addressing here is the development of a 3D model of the mitral-granule cell network, allowing direct input of the experimental data for individual glomerular activation, in order to demonstrate and predict the learning mechanisms that will ultimately be responsible for the early processing stages of the sensory inputs. (frontiersin.org)
Glutamatergic2
  • Here we describe an exception to this rule, in the form of granule cells that reside within the CA3 area and function as glutamatergic nonprincipal cells with distinct properties. (jneurosci.org)
  • In whole-cell recordings 5-16 d after seizure induction, perforant-path stimulation now evoked glutamatergic input to newborn granule cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Tissue1
  • Acute leukopenia, with almost total absence of granular leukocytes, leukoblastic groups and lymphoid tissue in the bone marrow, was reported in the case of a 36-year-old chemist who had worked with radium for 14 years (Reitter and Martland 1926). (cdc.gov)
Axonal1
  • The vast majority of granule cell axonal synapses are found on the parallel fibers. (wikipedia.org)
Synapses1
  • They received GABAergic synapses from cholecystokinin-expressing mossy fiber-associated cells that did not innervate the dentate granule cell layer, and these synapses demonstrated unusually strong activity-dependent endocannabinoid-mediated inhibition of GABA release. (jneurosci.org)
Olfactory5
  • 2003). In vivo whole-cell recording of odor-evoked synaptic transmission in the rat olfactory bulb. (modeldb.science)
  • Recent findings have shown that odors may activate spatially distributed sites in the olfactory bulb with a sparse, columnar-like organization of mitral and granule cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The possible underlying circuitry and the computational properties of the olfactory bulb have been widely investigated experimentally, especially in terms of odor selectivity and dynamics of cell responses. (frontiersin.org)
  • This is the first 3D simulation of the olfactory bulb microcircuit using realistic cell properties and network connectivity. (frontiersin.org)
  • 2012) Parallel mitral and tufted cell pathways route distinct odor information to different targets in the olfactory cortex, J. Neurosci. (frontiersin.org)
Resemble1
  • Coarsely, granular, may resemble E. coli . (cdc.gov)
Distinct1
  • For example, cerebellar granule cells express six subunit genes abundantly (α 1 , α 6 , β 2 , β 3 , γ 2 , and δ), and so they probably have several distinct GABA A receptor subtypes of unknown subunit stoichiometry. (jneurosci.org)
Nmda1
  • Synaptic excitation of individual rat cerebellar granule cells in situ: evidence for the role of NMDA receptors. (modeldb.science)
Morphological1
  • 2012) were analyzed to extract morphological parameters to generate a population of some 700 synthetic mitral cells, 5 for each glomerulus. (frontiersin.org)
Spatio-temporal1
  • This has prevented a clear understanding of the spatio-temporal organization of the mitral-granule cell network in representing an odor input, which requires simultaneous recording from a relevant subset of mitral and granule cells activated by an odor. (frontiersin.org)
Layer4
  • The granule cells are tightly packed in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus. (wikipedia.org)
  • In particular, the cerebellar input layer that receives external information consists of granule cells. (nature.com)
  • Although the morphology and positioning of DGCs within the granule cell layer (GCL) match their developmental origin in rodents, a similar correlation has not been reported in humans to date. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Early global overexpression of Hoxa2 at embryonic day 0 has no effect on the expression of isthmic signalling molecules or the allocation of rhombomere 1 territory, but selectively results in the loss of granule cell markers at embryonic day 6 and the depletion of cell bodies from the external granule cell layer. (biomedcentral.com)
Hippocampus2
  • Adult-born granule cells (ABGCs) are involved in certain forms of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. (elifesciences.org)
  • Distribution of interneurons expressing EGFP from the GAD65 promoter in the day 14 mouse hippocampus colabelled for the CB1 cannabinoid receptor (red) and counterstained with DAPI (blue) to show the cell layers. (ucsd.edu)
Histologic1
  • However, the presence of nevus cells contiguous with a choroidal melanoma on histologic examination provides evidence that melanomas may arise from choroidal nevi. (aao.org)
Pathogenesis1
  • Our findings identify a link between stress granule assembly and nucleocytoplasmic transport , two fundamental cellular processes implicated in the pathogenesis of C9ORF72-mediated ALS/FTD and other neurodegenerative diseases . (bvsalud.org)