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Bone Marrow TransplantationGraft RejectionTransplantation, HomologousHepatic Veno-Occlusive DiseaseBone MarrowBone Marrow CellsGraft SurvivalGraft vs Host DiseaseAnemia, AplasticWhole-Body IrradiationLeukemiaImmunosuppressive AgentsKidney TransplantationHeart TransplantationBone and BonesTransplantation ConditioningHematopoietic Stem CellsLiver TransplantationTransplantation, AutologousMice, Inbred C57BLLeukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL PositiveSkin TransplantationCorneal TransplantationBone RemodelingBone Marrow DiseasesImmunosuppressionBone Marrow ExaminationBone Marrow NeoplasmsRejection (Psychology)Time FactorsBone DensityTransplantation ImmunologyKeratoplasty, PenetratingBone ResorptionMice, Inbred BALB CPostoperative ComplicationsBone Marrow PurgingTransplantation, IsogeneicRetrospective StudiesTransplantation ToleranceT-LymphocytesRadiation ChimeraTransplantation ChimeraHistocompatibility TestingHematopoiesisGraft Occlusion, VascularCyclosporineBone NeoplasmsIsoantigensRats, Inbred LewCell DifferentiationHistocompatibilityCells, CulturedTissue DonorsBone DevelopmentFlow CytometryAcute DiseaseSpleenIsoantibodiesBone DiseasesColony-Forming Units AssayGraft Enhancement, ImmunologicTreatment OutcomeHematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationLymphocyte DepletionGraft vs Host ReactionBone RegenerationMice, KnockoutAntibodies, MonoclonalCyclosporinsTransplantation, HeterotopicMice, Inbred C3HStromal CellsIslets of Langerhans TransplantationBiopsyTacrolimusImmune ToleranceMice, Inbred StrainsLung TransplantationMice, TransgenicOsteogenesisBone MatrixAntigens, CDRats, Inbred WFHost vs Graft ReactionHLA AntigensTransplantationAntigens, CD34ChimeraCell SeparationAntilymphocyte SerumOrgan TransplantationBone TransplantationTransplantation, HeterologousCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesGranulocytesMinor Histocompatibility LociMice, Inbred CBABone SubstitutesH-Y Antigen
TransplantationTransplantsGVHDHematopoieticVersusAcuteAllograftAntigensTransplant patientsSkin graftsChronicDiseaseInfectionChemotherapyDonor graftRecipient's immune systemImmunosuppressionRecipientGenesBloodstreamToleranceImmune responseSuppressTransplanted bone marroHSCsOrgan transplant rejectionReconstituteSpongyBloodOccursAutoimmuneSurvivalCellsKidneyPatient'sAplasticProcedureSuppressionRecipientsTissuesCyclophosphamideUndergoHostMICEPost-transplantClinicalVivoSpine
Transplantation16
Transplants8
  • Results of a Johns Hopkins study may explain why a chemotherapy drug called cyclophosphamide prevents graft-versus-host (GVHD) disease in people who receive bone marrow transplants. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • Johns Hopkins physicians also found that post-transplant cyclophosphamide enabled safe administration of new, half-matched bone marrow transplants in addition to traditional, fully matched ones. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • GvHD is commonly associated with bone marrow transplants and stem cell transplants . (wikipedia.org)
  • Blood and bone marrow transplants have been done for decades and have always had risks of complications, like virtually any treatment for serious diseases, but a new study has found an additional one for the list: sexual health. (science20.com)
  • Frequently, stem cells are taken from the pelvic bone, filtered, and stored under special conditions for future transplants. (parkwaycancercentre.com)
  • Next, they tested the model for individuals who had received bone marrow transplants from relatives. (genomeweb.com)
  • These drugs have been used to prevent rejection of transplants and these are used as chemotherapy for cancers. (aao.org)
  • Bone marrow transplants offer a way to cure leukemia, sickle cell disease, and a variety of other life-threatening blood disorders.There are two major problems, however: One is many patients don't have a well-matched donor to provide the marrow needed to reconstitute their blood with healthy cells. (nih.gov)
GVHD13
  • The findings, published online Nov. 13 in Science Translational Medicine , could pave the way for improvements in preventing GVHD and rejection of transplanted bone marrow and new therapies to prevent or treat a relapse of the underlying cancer after a transplant. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • “Finding the optimal conditions to avoid interfering with immune cells working to eradicate cancer while preventing graft rejection and GVHD is the holy grail of bone marrow transplant,†says Leo Luznik, M.D., associate professor of oncology at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • GVHD occurs when newly transplanted immune cells from a donor’s bone marrow attack the patient’s body. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • In the early 2000s, Johns Hopkins scientists Leo Luznik and Ephraim Fuchs found that giving patients high doses of cyclophosphamide â€" a drug derived from nitrogen mustard and used to treat blood cancers â€" three days after bone marrow transplant successfully thwarts acute and chronic GVHD. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • “These regulatory T-cells are resistant to post-transplant cyclophosphamide and likely subdue the autoimmune-like response of the donor’s bone marrow, preventing GVHD,†says Christopher Kanakry, M.D., first author of the study and clinical fellow at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • A new Phase 3 clinical trial at Winship is enrolling participants after extremely encouraging results in the study's first two phases indicate the first-in-class high-precision cell therapy retains the benefits of stem cell transplant without such serious complications as graft versus host disease (GvHD) and disease relapse in patients with certain blood cancers. (emory.edu)
  • These cells expand and help prevent both rejection of the graft and GvHD. (emory.edu)
  • Graft-versus-host disease ( GvHD ) is a syndrome , characterized by inflammation in different organs. (wikipedia.org)
  • GvHD can also occur after a blood transfusion , known as Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease or TA-GvHD if the blood products used have not been gamma irradiated or treated with an approved leukocyte reduction system. (wikipedia.org)
  • The greater the differences in the HLA typing, the greater the chance that either the donors cells will not grow in the recipient resulting in rejection or graft failure (non-engraftment), or they will attack the recipient and cause a reaction called graft versus host disease (GVHD). (ndtv.com)
  • Stopping rules were built into the study so that if too many patients either rejected their grafts or developed moderate to severe GVHD, the study would move to the 2nd cohort. (nih.gov)
  • The authors confirm chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a serious complication that occurs when donor cells attack the recipient's cells, as a potential source of sexual dysfunction and say they are the first to demonstrate an association between total body irradiation and sexual dysfunction in men. (science20.com)
  • However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the major causes of HSCT failure. (aai.org)
Hematopoietic5
Versus22
  • In 1944, Medawar showed that skin allograft rejection is a host versus graft response. (medscape.com)
  • Principal investigator Edmund K. Waller, MD, PhD, FACP, says the net result of giving the patient a precise number of donor T cells with specific functions "leads to better elimination of cancer with less graft versus host disease and less toxicity from the transplant. (emory.edu)
  • Graft versus host disease can cause severe damage to the skin, liver, intestines and lungs," Waller says. (emory.edu)
  • The conventional T cells help eliminate the cancer in the patient through a process called "graft-versus-leukemia. (emory.edu)
  • Deliberate immunosuppression is a necessary part of the bone marrow transplant procedure to prevent graft-versus-host disease and graft rejection. (leukaemia.org.au)
  • Not to be confused with Host-versus-graft disease . (wikipedia.org)
  • Mouse colon impacted by acute graft-versus-host disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Micrographs of grades of skin graft-versus-host disease: Ranging from grade I GvHR (with minimal vacuolization in the epidermis) to grade II GvHR (with vacuolization and dyskeratotic bodies) to grade III GvHR (with sub epidermal cleft formation) and finally to grade IV GvHR (with separation of the dermis from the epidermis). (wikipedia.org)
  • In the clinical setting, graft-versus-host disease is divided into acute and chronic forms, and scored or graded on the basis of the tissue affected and the severity of the reaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the classical sense, acute graft-versus-host disease is characterized by selective damage to the liver , skin (rash), mucosa , and the gastrointestinal tract . (wikipedia.org)
  • [6] Chronic graft-versus-host disease also attacks the above organs, but over its long-term course can also cause damage to the connective tissue and exocrine glands . (wikipedia.org)
  • However, it can be difficult to identify a healthy matched bone marrow donor, and transplant carries risks including graft versus host disease, infection and transplant rejection. (b-s-h.org.uk)
  • This includes bone and cartilage repair, cell types into which MSCs readily differentiate, and immune conditions such as graft versus host disease and autoimmune conditions that utilize the MSC's immune suppressive properties. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The donor immune cells can kill the leftover cancer cells and will exert a "graft-versus-cancer" effect, keeping the cancer cells in check. (parkwaycancercentre.com)
  • Finding a donor with suitable stem cells is critical to avoid graft rejection or graft-versus-host syndrome. (parkwaycancercentre.com)
  • This is called graft-versus-host disease . (kidshealth.org)
  • Give medicines to help prevent rejection and graft-versus-host disease. (kidshealth.org)
  • 8 The pivotal trial testing ATG in the setting of unrelated donors and intensive conditioning suggested a significant reduction in the incidence of chronic graft- versus -host disease without an increase in the risk of relapse. (haematologica.org)
  • 12 Interestingly, ATG reduced the cumulative incidence of acute graft- versus -host disease while it did not affect the rate of chronic graft- versus -host disease. (haematologica.org)
  • Another is even with a well-matched donor, rejection or graft versus host disease can occur, and lifelong immunosuppression may be needed. (nih.gov)
  • This is known as graft-versus-host disease, which can increase your risk for fungal infection. (cdc.gov)
  • 3 The steroid medications given to treat graft-versus-host disease can also increase the chance of getting a fungal infection. (cdc.gov)
Acute1
  • Once the graft has escaped the initial acute phase rejection reactions, a cumulative unresponsiveness to the graft develops as the recipient is continually exposed to donor MHC, a stable state that sometimes depends on the development of antigen-specific T-suppressor cells [ 371 , 5349 - 5354 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
Allograft4
  • Histocompatibility antigens are encoded on more than 40 loci, but the loci responsible for the most vigorous allograft rejection reactions are on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). (medscape.com)
  • Donor and recipient pairs should be of identical ABO blood group, and in addition should be matched as closely as possible for HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in order to minimize the likelihood of allograft rejection. (lookformedical.com)
  • Transitional B lymphocytes are associated with protection from kidney allograft rejection: a prospective study. (genescells.ru)
  • Without further manipulation or selection, the resultant population delayed skin allograft rejection mediated by polyclonal CD4(+) effectors or donor-reactive CD8(+) T cell receptor transgenic T cells and inhibited both effector cell proliferation and T cell priming for interferon-γ production. (lu.se)
Antigens7
  • The class I genes were discovered in 1936 (the year Jan Klein was born) as coding for blood group (red blood cell) antigens, which, however, were also responsible for the rejection of incompatible grafts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other antigens cause only weaker reactions, but combinations of several minor antigens can elicit strong rejection responses. (medscape.com)
  • Prednisone and prednisolone [ 386 ] act powerfully to suppress the inflammation accompanying a rejection crisis, and also appear to reduce the expression of class II histocompatibility antigens, thus reducing the immunogenicity of the transplant. (nanomedicine.com)
  • or actively by prior immunization of the recipient with graft antigens which evoke specific antibodies and form antigen-antibody complexes which bind to the antigen receptor sites of the T-cells and block their cytotoxic activity. (lookformedical.com)
  • METHODS: Tolerance to transplanted skin and bone marrow, mismatched for multiple minor histocompatibility antigens, was induced in Fas mutant and control mice using anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To test for linked suppression, animals were transplanted with a second graft-bearing tolerated and third party antigens. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Additionally, tolerant Fas mutant mice accepted grafts bearing tolerated and third party antigens. (ox.ac.uk)
Transplant patients4
  • Luznik and his team inventoried types of immune cells present in the blood of bone marrow transplant patients treated with post-transplant cyclophosphamide. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • To prevent chronic rejection, the most common cause of death after a lung transplant, patients must take immunosuppressive drugs for the rest of their lives. (sciencedaily.com)
  • They singled out an immunosuppressive drug called sirolimus, in a class of drugs called cell cycle inhibitors, based on a few small, long-term studies that found dramatically improved survival, reduced incidence of chronic rejection, and improved lung function in lung transplant patients who took sirolimus. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Dr. Sen has worked in Royal Marsden Hospital in London, which is one of the world's best cancer hospitals, treating patients with leukemia, lymphoma, brain tumours and other paediatric cancers and all pediatric bone marrow transplant patients there. (kokilabenhospital.com)
Skin grafts2
  • Autografts, which are grafts from one part of the body to another (eg, skin grafts), are not foreign tissue and, therefore, do not elicit rejection. (medscape.com)
  • Skin grafts are not initially vascularized and so do not manifest rejection until the blood supply develops. (medscape.com)
Chronic1
  • The survival improvement with sirolimus was driven by fewer deaths from the top three causes: chronic rejection, infections, and cancer. (sciencedaily.com)
Disease1
Infection1
Chemotherapy3
  • Chemotherapy or radiotherapy used to treat these cancers will destroy the HSCs in the bone marrow and abolish the body's ability to regenerate blood cells. (parkwaycancercentre.com)
  • In allogeneic stem cell (stem cells from a donor) transplant, there is another benefit in addition to replenishing the HSCs in the bone marrow after chemotherapy or radiotherapy. (parkwaycancercentre.com)
  • from any individual except oneself and solar radiation, and most of the leukaemia by a genotoxic mech- or an identical twin will provoke an chemical alkylating agents used in anism after its use in anticancer immune reaction against the graft- anticancer chemotherapy. (who.int)
Donor graft1
  • To create the precision-engineered donor graft, Waller explains that different cellular subsets in the graft are selectively purified and then infused into the transplant recipient in a timed fashion. (emory.edu)
Recipient's immune system1
  • These mechanisms are also involved in the rejection of transplanted organs, which are recognized as foreign by the recipient's immune system. (medscape.com)
Immunosuppression2
  • While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging. (lookformedical.com)
  • X-rays or other types of ionizing in much higher dosage, are used to and there is excess risk of B-cel radiation, immunosuppression is maintain the functional and anatom- non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) when most pronounced if the entire body, ical integrity of foreign tissues graft- immunosuppression is accompanied rather than a limited area, is irra- ed onto another individual, such as by continuing immune stimulation diated. (who.int)
Recipient4
  • The degree to which allografts undergo rejection depends partly on the degree of similarity or histocompatibility between the donor and the recipient. (medscape.com)
  • White blood cells of the donor's immune system which remain within the donated tissue (the graft) recognize the recipient (the host) as foreign (non-self). (wikipedia.org)
  • Injections of ALG into a graft recipient have a powerful suppressive effect on graft rejection [ 402 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
  • This review presents analysis of the modern state of transplant tolerance forming problem in recipient organism by using stem/ progenitory cells of bone marrow (BM) and differentiated immunoregulatory (tolerogenic) subsets of blood cells-regulatory B- and T-lymphocytes (Treg), and regulatory dendritic cells (DCreg). (genescells.ru)
Genes1
  • Here, we present the primary structures of ~30,000 unique proteoforms, nearly 10 times more than in previous studies, expressed from 1690 human genes across 21 cell types and plasma from human blood and bone marrow. (stanford.edu)
Bloodstream1
  • Building off previous methods that have demonstrated that shotgun sequencing of cell-free DNA shed in the bloodstream from the donor organ can identify rejection, the team demonstrated that the donor does not first have to be genotyped, which they said would make it more useful in a clinical setting. (genomeweb.com)
Tolerance2
  • The program has developed various novel biologics and targeted delivery biomaterial platforms with demonstrated efficacy for tolerance induction to allogeneic bone marrow cells and islets for the treatment of diabetes. (postdocjobs.com)
  • The increased understanding of immune tolerance and allogeneic antileukemic immune reactivity has led several investigators to develop optimized conditioning protocols and new strategies to manipulate the effector cells either within the graft or in vivo . (haematologica.org)
Immune response4
  • The degree of immune response to a graft depends partly on the degree of genetic disparity between the grafted organ and the host. (medscape.com)
  • Xenografts, which are grafts between members of different species, have the most disparity and elicit the maximal immune response, undergoing rapid rejection. (medscape.com)
  • An induced state of non-reactivity to grafted tissue from a donor organism that would ordinarily trigger a cell-mediated or humoral immune response. (lookformedical.com)
  • Conduct studies using novel recombinant proteins to modulate the immune response to prevent cell, tissue, and solid organ graft rejection. (postdocjobs.com)
Suppress1
  • The ability of splenocytes from tolerant animals to suppress graft rejection was assessed by transfer into partially immunocompromised recipients. (ox.ac.uk)
Transplanted bone marro1
HSCs5
Organ transplant rejection2
  • SAN FRANCISCO (GenomeWeb) - Noninvasive shotgun sequencing can be used to detect organ transplant rejection without prior knowledge of the donor's genotype, according to researchers from Stanford University and Cornell University. (genomeweb.com)
  • It is also used to prevent organ transplant rejection. (ameripharmaspecialty.com)
Reconstitute1
Spongy2
  • Bone marrow is the spongy substance found in the center of the bones of the body, in adults mainly the spine, pelvis, and large bones of the legs. (rarediseases.org)
  • Stem cells are collected from the bone marrow - the spongy soft tissues in the bones. (parkwaycancercentre.com)
Blood8
Occurs1
  • In order to understand why rejection occurs and how it may be prevented, it is necessary to know something of the operations of the immune system. (britannica.com)
Autoimmune1
Survival2
  • Knowledge of these mechanisms is also critical in developing strategies to minimize rejection and in developing new drugs and treatments that blunt the effects of the immune system on transplanted organs, thereby ensuring longer survival of these organs. (medscape.com)
  • The survival of a graft in a host, the factors responsible for the survival and the changes occurring within the graft during growth in the host. (lookformedical.com)
Cells16
  • Richard Jones, M.D., professor and director of the Bone Marrow Transplant Program at Johns Hopkins, developed a now commonly used assay to study ALDH levels in individual cells. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • Some sites, such as the eye and the brain, are immunologically privileged (ie, they have minimal or no immune system cells and can tolerate even mismatched grafts). (medscape.com)
  • First are the bone-marrow-reconstituting stem cells and a population of regulatory T cells. (emory.edu)
  • Stem cells found in your baby's umbilical cord are less likely than other stem cells, including those from bone marrow, to lead to complications following transplant. (lifebankusa.com)
  • Immediately after the graft has been implanted, it is necessary to prevent sensitization of pre-existing mature T cells capable of recognizing the graft. (nanomedicine.com)
  • Progenitor cells derived from bone marrow have been shown to respond following lung injury in both mice and humans. (rotrf.org)
  • In addition we will examine the effect of immunosuppressive drugs on lung progenitor cell mobilization from the bone marrow using both clinical patient data and animal models of drug delivery, with the aim of determining specific protocols that optimize the patients own regenerative cell capacity and minimize the contribution of fibrotic cells. (rotrf.org)
  • Participate in the generation and use of humanized mouse models to assess the efficacy of lead immunomodulatory protocols to prevent rejection of human islets or stem-cell-derived beta cells in humanized mice as a prelude to clinical translation. (postdocjobs.com)
  • There are many studies involving autologous therapies and some allogenic therapies, based on the recovery of mobilized bone marrow cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and adipose derived stem cells that also include the stromal or adherent cell type that has an MSC phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The damaged bone marrow will then be replenished with new stem cells to alleviate the side effects of the high-dose therapy. (parkwaycancercentre.com)
  • Daley's team matured those human HSC-like cells by transplanting them directly into the bone marrow of living mice. (nih.gov)
  • In the mice, stem cells generated using both approaches took up residence in the bone marrow as expected. (nih.gov)
  • If your stem cells come from another person, you will need to take anti-rejection medication. (cdc.gov)
  • The aim of this paper is to provide a review about current and future materials for scaffolds to carry stem cells in tissue engineering in Dentistry, especially for bone tissue repair. (bvsalud.org)
  • The combination of inductive scaffold materials with stem cells might optimize the approaches for bone regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
  • Stem cells derived from dental tissues are isolated from specialized tissues and have a strong ability to give rise to other cell lines, but with a different potential of bone marrow stem cells 16 . (bvsalud.org)
Kidney1
  • The first successful identical twin transplant of a human kidney was performed by Joseph E. Murray in 1954 in Boston, followed by the first successful liver transplant by Dr. Thomas E. Starzl in 1967, the first heart transplant by Christian Barnard in 1967, and the first successful bone marrow transplant by E. Donnall Thomas in 1968. (medscape.com)
Patient's1
  • A series of sublethal doses of radiation is directed at the patient's lymphoid tissue (spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes in the neck, chest, and abdomen), with bone marrow and other vital organs shielded from the exposure [ 387 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
Aplastic1
Procedure1
Suppression1
  • Splenocytes from these and control tolerant animals when transferred into partially immunocompromised Fas mutant or control recipients, induced antigen-specific suppression of graft rejection. (ox.ac.uk)
Recipients2
  • Advances in immunosuppressive therapy have put increasing pressure on the supply of donor organs, and medical personnel sometimes find themselves having to determine who among the potential recipients should receive a lifesaving graft. (britannica.com)
  • They analyzed 76 samples from eight bone marrow transplant recipients. (genomeweb.com)
Tissues2
  • These agents also damage all tissues (e.g., gut epithelium, bone marrow) where rapid cell division is occurring, creating other undesirable side effects, thus often may not be suitable for use in medical nanorobotics. (nanomedicine.com)
  • ed tissues, the intensity of which and chemical alkylating agents are varies with the degree of antigenic considered to cause cancer primar- Immunosuppressive difference between graft and host. (who.int)
Cyclophosphamide2
  • Medical centers around the world now use the Johns Hopkins protocol of post-transplant cyclophosphamide, and Luznik says the inexpensive drug is becoming increasingly mainstream in bone marrow transplant regimens. (healthmedicinet.com)
  • Cyclophosphamide is an anti- Volume 100 of the the graft. (who.int)
Undergo1
  • Isografts, which are grafts between genetically identical individuals (eg, monozygotic twins), also undergo no rejection. (medscape.com)
Host1
  • VM), showed that the recovery of motor functions induced implanted either (1) as a solid piece in the lateral ven- by the grafted fetal dopamine neurons was well cor- tricle6 or a cortical cavity8 adjacent to the denervated related with the extent of graft-derived reinnervation caudate-putamen, or (2) as a crude cell suspension of the host caudate-putamen. (lu.se)
MICE1
  • RESULTS: Monoclonal antibody therapy rendered Fas mutant mice tolerant of minor disparate skin and bone marrow. (ox.ac.uk)
Post-transplant2
  • One of the 3 patients engrafted but lost the graft at 7 months post-transplant. (nih.gov)
  • Based on the three patients losing their grafts, stopping rules were met and the study moved to the 2nd cohort where 1 dose of Cy was given at 50mg/kg on day 3 post-transplant. (nih.gov)
Clinical1
  • Understanding these mechanisms is important, as it aids in understanding the clinical features of rejection and, hence, in making an early diagnosis and delivering appropriate treatment. (medscape.com)
Vivo1
  • These data establish a method for the ex vivo generation of graft-reactive, functional mouse and human T(regs) that uses a clinically approved agent, making pharmacological PDE inhibition a potential strategy for T(reg)-based therapies. (lu.se)
Spine1