Gradual loss cells and germ cells germ multipotent stem cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

In hematopoietic stem cells, the MAPK/ERK pathway and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway regulate this transition. (wikipedia.org)
For example, because hematopoietic stem cells can reconstitute the entire blood system, bone marrow transplantation has long been used in the clinic to treat various diseases. (articlecity.com)
Long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) maintain hematopoietic output throughout an animal's lifespan. (biorxiv.org)
One sentence summary Murine hematopoietic stem cells display transcriptional heterogeneity that is quantitatively altered with age and leads to the age-dependent myeloid bias evident after inflammatory challenge. (biorxiv.org)

Symmetric division gives rise to two identical daughter stem cells, whereas asymmetric division produces one stem cell and one progenitor cell with limited self-renewal potential. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we used multipotent urine-derived renal progenitor cells (UdRPCs) to study nephrogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
UdRPCs treated with the JNK inhibitor-AEG3482 displayed decreased proliferation and downregulated transcription of cell cycle-associated genes as well as the kidney progenitor markers-SIX2, SALL1 and VCAM1. (bvsalud.org)
Our study is the first to describe the importance of JNK signalling as a link between maintenance of self-renewal and protection against ferroptosis in SIX2-positive renal progenitor cells. (bvsalud.org)
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are multipotent progenitor cells unique to vertebrates, and they have the ability to differentiate into a variety of cells, such as chondrocytes, neurons, and melanocytes. (chinagene.cn)

Progenitors can go through several rounds of cell division before finally differentiating into a mature cell. (wikipedia.org)

Also known as somatic stem cells (from Greek σωματικóς, meaning of the body), they can be found in juvenile, adult animals, and humans, unlike embryonic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike embryonic stem cells, the use of human adult stem cells in research and therapy is not considered to be controversial, as they are derived from adult tissue samples rather than human embryos designated for scientific research. (wikipedia.org)
Embryonic stem cells, which must be extracted from embryos three to five days old (known as blastocysts, which contain only about 150 cells at this point of development). (articlecity.com)
Adult stem cells, which are present in small amounts in adult tissue but less adaptable than embryonic stem cells, making their use in medical treatments more challenging. (articlecity.com)
They have many of the positive characteristics of embryonic stem cells while sourcing material is far less challenging, since postpartum tissue can be used. (articlecity.com)
The vertebrate head is a complex tapestry of morphological features woven together during embryonic development from a varied array of specialized cell types. (frontiersin.org)

The ability to regulate the cell cycle in response to external cues helps prevent stem cell exhaustion or the gradual loss of stem cells following an altered balance between dormant and active states. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast to adult cancers and previous NB studies, we show an increase in inflammatory monocyte cell state when contrasting normal and tumor tissue, while no differences in cytotoxicity and exhaustion score for T cells, nor in Treg activity, are observed. (pklab.org)

The adult stem cell can be labeled in vivo and tracked, it can be isolated and then transplanted back into the organism, and it can be isolated in vivo and manipulated with growth hormones. (wikipedia.org)
Internal signals producing apoptosis depend on interactions of several proteins and may serve to protect the organism from cancer by killing cells that have pre-cancerous changes. (agemed.org)
They are able to differentiate into any cell of an organism and have the ability of self-renewal. (articlecity.com)
The three germ layers and the body plan of the mature organism are established during gastrulation, and the period is characterized by extensive cell movements and intracellular communications [ 21 , 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells, found throughout the body after development, that multiply by cell division to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Similarly, the transplantation of other tissue-specific stem cells, such as stem cells isolated from epithelial and neural tissues, can treat mouse disease models and human patients in which epithelial and neural cells are damaged. (articlecity.com)
Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Cells become cancerous by accumulating, stepwise, a series of several mutations that alter the function of genes important for cell growth. (agemed.org)
Found within Wharton's jelly - which is easily harvested from what would otherwise be post-natal medical waste - are several distinct stem cell genes. (articlecity.com)
Numerous genes transcribed in oocytes are involved in multiple aspects of cell maintenance and protection, including metabolism, signal perception and transduction, RNA processing, cell cycle, defense against pathogens and DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of tumor cells from the primary tumors reveals a distinct transcriptional signature that is predictive of metastatic potential and patient survival. (pklab.org)
Our findings provide biological insights into the interplay between tumor cells and the ccRCC microenvironment. (pklab.org)
CSF may also be examined for tumor cells from tumors that have a tendency to spread from the brain into the spinal cord or its covering. (radiologykey.com)

Under normal conditions, tissue stem cells divide slowly and infrequently. (wikipedia.org)
This process gets rid of unneeded cells and is particularly important for "sculpting" tissue and organ structure during development of the embryo (or larval metamorphosis in insects), but may occur at any time even in adult cells when a tissue needs to be remodeled. (agemed.org)
With this raw material, biomedical firms can create stem cell lines that, among other things, aid recuperation via the regeneration of tissue that has been lost or damaged. (articlecity.com)
Current research is focused on growing a wide range of new tissue from stem cells, including muscle, blood, brain, and cartilage cells. (articlecity.com)
We provide a comprehensive immune cell landscape and characterize cell-state changes from normal tissue to NB. (pklab.org)
Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. (lookformedical.com)

Here, we show that young and aged LT-HSCs respond differently to inflammatory stress, such that aged LT-HSCs produce a cell-intrinsic, myeloid-biased expression program. (biorxiv.org)
Using single-cell RNA-seq, we identify a myeloid-biased subset within the LT-HSC population (mLT-HSCs) that is much more common amongst aged LT-HSCs and is uniquely primed to respond to acute inflammatory challenge. (biorxiv.org)
Aged LT-HSCs demonstrate a cell-intrinsic myeloid bias during inflammatory challenge. (biorxiv.org)
Background & aims: Myeloid cells are key regulators of cirrhosis, a major cause of mortality worldwide. (pklab.org)
Because stromal cells can modulate the functionality of myeloid cells in vitro, targeting stromal-myeloid interactions has become an attractive potential therapeutic strategy. (pklab.org)
We aimed to investigate how human liver stromal cells impact myeloid cell properties and to understand the utility of a stromal-myeloid coculture system to study these interactions in the context of cirrhosis. (pklab.org)

Cancer cells often spread (or metastasize ) throughout the body by way of the bloodstream or lymphatic vessels to form tumors in new locations beyond the primary site of origin. (agemed.org)

Discoveries in recent years have suggested that adult stem cells might have the ability to differentiate into cell types from different germ layers. (wikipedia.org)
Stem cells from the bone marrow, which is derived from mesoderm, can differentiate into liver, lung, GI tract, and skin, which are derived from endoderm and mesoderm. (wikipedia.org)

Scientific interest in adult stem cells is centered around two main characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
The main functions of adult stem cells are to replace cells that are at risk of possibly dying as a result of disease or injury and to maintain a state of homeostasis within the cell. (wikipedia.org)
There are three main methods to determine if the adult stem cell is capable of becoming a specialized cell. (wikipedia.org)
However, it is known that in vitro cell culture conditions can alter the behavior of cells, proving that a particular subpopulation of cells possesses stem cell properties in vivo is challenging, and so considerable debate exists as to whether some proposed stem cell populations in the adult are indeed stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
Stem cells exist both in embryos and adult cells. (articlecity.com)

Perturbed niches cause the stem cell to begin actively dividing again to replace lost or damaged cells until the niche is restored. (wikipedia.org)

To ensure self-renewal, stem cells undergo two types of cell division (see Stem cell division and differentiation diagram). (wikipedia.org)
Cancer A clonal growth (cells all descended from one ancestral cell) that undergo continuing mitotic divisions and are not inhibited in their growth when they come in contact with neighboring cells (contact inhibition). (agemed.org)

These cells arise within the dorsal ectoderm of all vertebrate embryos and have the developmental potential to form many of the morphological novelties within the vertebrate head. (frontiersin.org)

Thus, to understand the origin of the vertebrates is to understand how these cell populations became developmentally and evolutionarily coupled in our earliest vertebrate ancestors. (frontiersin.org)

The first of which is their ability to divide or self-renew indefinitely, and the second their ability to generate all the cell types of the organ from which they originate, potentially regenerating the entire organ from a few cells. (wikipedia.org)
In a number of animal species, MZT roughly coincides with the mid-blastula transition (MBT) [ 20 ] when cells become motile and divide asynchronously. (biomedcentral.com)

These properties can be illustrated with relative ease in vitro, using methods such as clonogenic assays, where the progeny of a single cell is characterized. (wikipedia.org)
It can be induced by modifying the growth medium when stem cells are cultured in vitro or by transplanting them to an organ of the body different from the one they were originally isolated from. (wikipedia.org)
We used human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived 3D brain organoids to model BIND in vitro and unveil the molecular basis of the detrimental effects of BF in the developing human brain. (bvsalud.org)

Stem cells are defined by their capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, making them uniquely situated to treat a broad spectrum of human diseases. (articlecity.com)
Microarray analyses detected a suite of master developmental regulators that control differentiation and maintenance of diverse cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)

Multipotency or multidifferentiative potential is the ability to generate progeny of several distinct cell types, (for example glial cells and neurons) as opposed to unipotency, which is the term for cells that are restricted to producing a single cell type. (wikipedia.org)
Today, it has become a distinct source of stem cells and, therefore, a critical element in advancing medical treatments for everything from hair loss, the treatment of wounds, and surgical procedures. (articlecity.com)
Each cell population has its own distinct developmental features and generates unique cell types. (frontiersin.org)

A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. (lookformedical.com)
It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. (lookformedical.com)

Podocytes are highly specialized cells that play a pivotal role in the blood filtration process in the glomeruli of the kidney, and their dysfunction leads to renal diseases. (bvsalud.org)
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. (pklab.org)

Analysis of 22 tumor samples, including multiple myeloma, gastric, breast and thyroid cancers, shows that Numbat can reconstruct the tumor copy number profile and precisely identify malignant cells in the tumor microenvironment. (pklab.org)

There is yet no consensus among biologists on the prevalence and physiological and therapeutic relevance of stem cell plasticity. (wikipedia.org)
An in silico cell-to-cell interaction analysis highlights the CXCL9/CXCL10-CXCR3 axis and the CD70-CD27 axis as potential therapeutic targets. (pklab.org)

Numbat exploits the evolutionary relationships between subclones to iteratively infer single-cell copy number profiles and tumor clonal phylogeny. (pklab.org)

Several different cell types demonstrate a survival benefit. (pklab.org)
Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Understanding the complete immune cell composition of human neuroblastoma (NB) is crucial for the development of immunotherapeutics. (pklab.org)

In addition, mtDNA stress in TFAM-deficient mouse melanoma cells produces tumours that are more resistant to doxorubicin in vivo. (regenerativemedicine.net)

A stem cell possesses two properties: Self-renewal is the ability to go through numerous cycles of cell division while still maintaining its undifferentiated state. (wikipedia.org)

Transcripts found in unfertilized oocytes also encoded a large number of proteins implicated in cell adherence, tight junction and focal adhesion, suggesting high complexity in terms of structure and cellular interactions in embryos prior to midblastula transition (MBT). (biomedcentral.com)

It is believed that the molecular distinction between symmetric and asymmetric divisions lies in the differential segregation of cell membrane proteins (such as receptors) and their associated proteins between the daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)
The oocyte is loaded with maternal mRNAs and proteins that control the cell maintenance and fate and the formation of the body plan prior to the onset of zygotic genome expression [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Signals to trigger apoptosis may come from within the cell or from outside, by stimulating suicide receptors in the cell's external membrane. (agemed.org)

Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. (lookformedical.com)
A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)

Today, it is generally thought that the combination of determinants deposited by the mother during oogenesis and the inductive signals between different cells trigger the specification of different cell lineages during development of the embryo [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Since the initial discovery of the self-renewing properties of stem cells in the early 1960s - pioneered by a small team of researchers at the Ontario Cancer Institute [3] - the understanding of the power and diversity of stem cells has increased rapidly. (articlecity.com)
In cultured primary fibroblasts and cancer cells, the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin causes mtDNA damage and release, which leads to cGAS STING dependent ISG activation. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Infrequent cell divisions also help reduce the risk of acquiring DNA mutations that would be passed on to daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)

JNK inhibition resulted in less efficient oxidative phosphorylation and more lipid peroxidation via ferroptosis, an iron-dependent non-apoptotic cell death pathway linked to various forms of kidney disease. (bvsalud.org)

Induced pluripotent stem cells, which harness the power of genetic reprogramming - basically, the altering of a cell's DNA - to change the course of cellular development. (articlecity.com)

Single-cell RNA-seq unmasked the existence of two subsets within the LT-HSC population that was apparent upon stimulation but not steady-state. (biorxiv.org)
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has the potential to investigate both genetic and nongenetic sources of tumor heterogeneity in a single assay. (pklab.org)
Here, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on 19 human NB samples coupled with multiplex immunohistochemistry, survival analysis, and comparison with normal fetal adrenal gland data. (pklab.org)

This is because stem cells are, basically, the core building blocks of all human cells - which is why they are most prominently a part of human physiology during gestation in the womb. (articlecity.com)
Stem cells are unspecialized cells of the human body. (articlecity.com)
Additionally, we conducted a meta-analysis to identify gene signatures and associated biological processes perturbed in human and mouse cells treated with antioxidants such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the active ingredient in green tea, and the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (GL) and in kidney disease rodent models. (bvsalud.org)

This piece will focus on the medical technology being developed using Wharton's jelly as a source material for stem cells, but will also delve into broader aspects of stem cell research, one of the most fascinating current areas of scientific study. (articlecity.com)
Research progress on neural crest cells and neurocristopathies and its pathogenesis[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2022, 44(2): 117-133. (chinagene.cn)

This type of stem cell is very versatile and has a wide range of uses, though procuring them entails medical and ethical challenges. (articlecity.com)

However, some researchers do not consider multipotency to be essential and believe that unipotency self-renewing stem cells can exist. (wikipedia.org)

The niche the stem cell is found in plays a large role in maintaining quiescence. (wikipedia.org)

Stem cells are seen as one of the most important areas of current medical advancement. (articlecity.com)
But it is important to recognize that the "origin story" of the vertebrates cannot be told from the perspective of either cell population alone. (frontiersin.org)

Stem cell-based therapies could be one possibility to treat chronic kidney disease. (bvsalud.org)

Analyses at 24 and 72 h post-treatment point to BF-induced neuro-inflammation in both cell lines. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy43

Organisms6

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs17

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Hematopoietic stem4

Progenitor5

Progenitors1

Embryonic6

Exhaustion2

Organism4

Tissues3

Genes3

Tumor cells3

Tissue6

Myeloid6

Tumors1

Differentiate2

Adult5

Lost or damaged1

Undergo2

Ectoderm1

Populations1

Divide2

Vitro3

Differentiation2

Distinct3

Epithelial2

Renal2

Malignant1

Therapeutic2

Clonal1

Types2

Immune cell1

Produces1

Self-renewal1

Embryos1

Proteins2

Receptors1

Liver2

Signals1

Cancer2

Divisions1

Lipid1

Development1

Single cell3

Human3

Research2

Type1

Exist1

Found1

Important2

Kidney1

Lines1