Gp120 proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

The ratio of inactivated to CD4-liganded gp120-gp41 spikes can be much greater than 1:1, because all gp120-gp41 spikes on the closely apposed surfaces of cross-linked viruses should be incapable of accessing the target cell surface and mediating entry, as a result of inter-virus spike cross-linking. (johnshopkins.edu)
The envelope glycoprotein structure consists of two protein subunits cleaved from a Gp160 protein precursor encoded for by the HIV-1 env gene: the Gp120 external subunit and the Gp41 transmembrane subunit. (wikipedia.org)
This envelope glycoprotein structure is arranged into a spike-like structure located on the surface of the virion and consists of a trimer of Gp120-Gp41 hetero-dimers. (wikipedia.org)
We use the HIV envelope protein (gp120/gp41) as a model system. (stanford.edu)
These changes are transmitted to the transmembrane protein gp41 and are thought to activate its fusogenic potential by unmasking its fusion peptide (By similarity). (antikoerper-online.de)
The transmembrane protein gp41 (TM) acts as a class I viral fusion protein. (antikoerper-online.de)
The gp120-gp41 heterodimer allows rapid transcytosis of the virus through CD4 negative cells such as simple epithelial monolayers of the intestinal, rectal and endocervical epithelial barriers. (antikoerper-online.de)
Both gp120 and gp41 specifically recognize glycosphingolipids galactosyl-ceramide (GalCer) or 3' sulfo- galactosyl-ceramide (GalS) present in the lipid rafts structures of epithelial cells. (antikoerper-online.de)
The overall objective of EuroNeut-41 was to design a vaccine that raises antibodies able to prevent HIV cell fusion by blocking the virus fusion protein gp41 in its pre-fusogenic conformation. (europa.eu)
Matherial/Methods: Bacteria and yeast isolated from a cohort of 67 Cambodian and Kenyan HIV positive children and from a cohort of 62 Slovak and American AIDS patients were analyzed for detection of expression of HIV-1 antigens p17, p24, p55, gp41 and gp120 (Abcam, UK). (nel.edu)
Using monoclonal antibodies against HIV-1 specific protein gp41 was positive signal identified in 30-35% of samples from both cohorts of patients from Kenya and Cambodia and in 75% of samples from American and Slovak patients. (nel.edu)
If antibodies to any of the major HIV-1 antigens are present in the specimen in sufficient concentration, bands corresponding to the position of one or more of the following HIV-1 proteins (p) or glycoproteins (gp) will be seen on the nitrocellulose strip: p17, p24, p31, gp41, p51, p66, gp120, gp160 (number refers to apparent molecular mass in kilodaltons). (cdc.gov)
HIV's Env is not a single, simple protein but rather a "trimer" made of three identical, loosely connected structures with a stalk-like subunit, gp41, and a cap-like region, gp120. (scripps.edu)
In contrast, antibodies to the envelope (ENV) precursor protein gp160 and the final ENV proteins (gp120 and gp41) can be detected in specimens from virtually all HIV-infected persons regardless of clinical stage (4-9). (cdc.gov)
However, in a recent study, the protein with a mobility of 160 kilodaltons (kd) present in commercially available Western blots and in viral lysate antigen preparations was identified as a multimer of the gp41 protein (10,11). (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, this study presented evidence that the reaction observed against the gp120 on certain Western blots may have resulted in part from a reaction with a multimeric form of the gp41. (cdc.gov)
The currently licensed Du Pont Western blot test specifies that the test result should be interpreted as positive only when the detected bands include p24 and p31, and gp41 or gp120/160 (12) (see Table 2). (cdc.gov)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coat glycoprotein gp120 binds to its (co)receptors and orchestrates cell entry by the direct fusion of viral and target cell membranes. (univaq.it)
Taken together, these results suggest that membrane fluidity may control the neurotoxic effects of HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120. (univaq.it)
CD4 is primary receptor for HIV-1 surface glycoprotein gp120). (exbio.cz)

SCOPe: Structural Classification of Proteins - extended. (berkeley.edu)

Additionally, at month 12, the 40μg gp120/AS01B group had higher HIV-specific envelope protein-gp120 binding antibody response levels compared to the two 200μg gp120 groups. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
10 times higher levels of binding antibody than the minus-gp120 group. (nih.gov)

During HIV-1 infection, the Gp120 envelope glycoprotein subunit binds to a CD4 glycoprotein and a HIV-1 co-receptor expressed on a target cell, forming a heterotrimeric complex. (wikipedia.org)
Li B, Shi Y, Shu J, Gao J, Wu P and Tang S-J, 2013 Wingless-type mammary tumor virus integration site family, member 5A (Wnt5a) regulates human immunodeficiency virus type1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp 120)-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (caMKII) and c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways. (utmb.edu)

Envelope protein immunogens may improve DNA or live-vectored HIV vaccines by complementing antiviral cellular responses with Env antibodies. (nih.gov)
Antibodies (Abs) specific for the V3 loop of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope neutralize most tier 1 and many tier 2 viruses and are present in essentially all HIV-infected individuals as well as immunized humans and animals. (nih.gov)
The levels of antibodies to the third variable region (V3) of the HIV envelope protein correlate with reduced HIV infection rates. (nih.gov)
Here we provide a systematic interrogation of mechanisms by which single amino acid changes in various regions of gp120 (i) render viruses sensitive to neutralization by V3 antibodies, (ii) result in altered packing of the V3 loop, and (iii) activate an open conformation that exposes V3 to the effects of V3 Abs. (nih.gov)
For example, neutralizing antibodies that target an HIV envelope protein called gp120 can block a crucial part of the infection process in which gp120 binds to a receptor on the surface of T cells. (sciencedaily.com)
One key to improving the vaccine, Berman said, came from independent lines of investigation pointing to the importance of antibodies that recognize a specific segment of gp120 known as the V1/V2 domain. (sciencedaily.com)
Scientists studying antibodies from elite neutralizers, however, discovered that many of the most potent neutralizing antibodies actually recognize carbohydrate components called glycans that are attached to the gp120 envelope protein. (sciencedaily.com)
The envelope protein has dozens of epitopes, and most of the immune response is directed at ones that don't induce neutralizing antibodies. (sciencedaily.com)
This peculiar 2 stage receptor-interaction strategy allows gp120 to maintain the highly conserved coreceptor-binding site in a cryptic conformation, protected from neutralizing antibodies. (antikoerper-online.de)
By monoclonal antibodies against HIV-1 proteins p17 and p55 was detected protein with molecular weight of 45-55 kDa. (nel.edu)
If it's not too important (people can live without it), we could possibly engineer cells that produce antibodies that bind to the active site of the CCR5 protein, but do not illicit an immune response from the host organism. (sciforums.com)
At the time, Mikovits warned that fertility rates may drop thanks to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein creating antibodies that attack syncytium, and indeed, we're now starting to see that. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
Even so, HIV vaccine designers might have succeeded by now, had they been able to study the structure of the entire Env protein at atomic-scale-in particular, to fully characterize the sites where the most effective virus-neutralizing antibodies bind. (scripps.edu)
In the new study, the researchers used a chemically-activated form of the HIV envelope protein gp120 to stimulate the production of mouse monoclonal antibodies that block infection of cultured human cells by genetically-diverse HIV strains from around the world. (medindia.net)
Antibodies to the HIV-1 major group-specific antigen (GAG) protein p24, and its precursor p55, are the earliest detected after infection by Western blot and tend to decrease or become undetectable with onset or progression of clinical symptoms (4-9). (cdc.gov)
Although the overall sensitivity and specificity of the Western blot for detection of antibodies to the various viral proteins are high, there has been substantial debate regarding the interpretive criteria. (cdc.gov)
HIV infection can be diagnosed based on detection of antibodies that are directed against the proteins encoded by the 3 major genes, the detection of the p24 antigen, the viral nucleic acid, and, finally, by means of culturing the virus. (medscape.com)

The co-receptor also recognizes the V1-V2 region of gp120 and the bridging sheet (an antiparallel, 4-stranded β sheet that connects the inner and outer domains of gp120). (wikipedia.org)
Together, these results provide a mechanism for conservation of disulfide linkage proximal glycosylation adjacent to the variable domains of gp120 and begin to explain how this could be exploited to enhance the immunogenicity of those regions. (bvsalud.org)

the creation of a large number of compounds (usually proteins or peptides) through technologies such as phage display . (genomicglossaries.com)
Compounds of interest include not only classical "drug-like" organic small molecules, but also peptides, proteins, and other bioactive chemical classes. (cancer.gov)

So, the spike protein binds to the ACE2 receptor once it's produced by the human cell … but it's a modified version of the spike protein. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)

The experiments interrogated the neutralization sensitivity of pseudoviruses with single amino acid mutations in various regions of gp120 that were predicted to alter packing of the V3 loop in the Env trimer. (nih.gov)
The data illuminated the complex process by which the Env trimer assembles and later undergoes radical shape changes during infection and clarified how it compares to envelope proteins on other dangerous viruses, such as flu and Ebola. (scripps.edu)

C-C chemokine receptor type 5, also known as CCR5 or CD195, is a protein on the surface of white blood cells that is involved in the immune system as it acts as a receptor for chemokines. (wikipedia.org)
It is a G protein-coupled receptor which functions as a chemokine receptor in the CC chemokine group. (wikipedia.org)
Regions of this protein are also crucial for chemokine ligand binding, the functional response of the receptor, and HIV co-receptor activity. (wikipedia.org)
Because binding to CD4 alone can sometimes result in gp120 shedding, gp120 must next bind to co-receptor CCR5 in order for fusion to proceed. (wikipedia.org)
The tyrosine-sulfated amino terminus of this co-receptor is the "essential determinant" of binding to the gp120 glycoprotein. (wikipedia.org)
The surface protein gp120 (SU) attaches the virus to the host lymphoid cell by binding to the primary receptor CD4. (antikoerper-online.de)
Intriguingly, the effects of both proBDNF and gp120 were blocked by inhibitors of the p75 neurotrophin receptor, suggesting that proBDNF and gp120 share a similar mechanism of neurotoxicity. (jneurosci.org)
The reason for this is because the synthetic RNA has been manipulated in such a way as to create a very unnatural spike protein that result in it not collapsing on itself into the cell once it attaches to the ACE2 receptor, as it normally does. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)

To dissect the influence of glycans on the conformation these regions, we focused on an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge -bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120. (bvsalud.org)
gp120 peptide is used for blocking the activity of presenilin1 antibody. (prosci-inc.com)
Store gp120 peptide at -20°C, stable for one year. (prosci-inc.com)

The protein of about 75-85 kDa was detected only in Candida species protein extracts of Cambodian and Kenyan HIV positive children by the MAbs against gp120. (nel.edu)

The surface protein gp120 is a ligand for CD209/DC-SIGN and CLEC4M/DC-SIGNR, which are respectively found on dendritic cells (DCs), and on endothelial cells of liver sinusoids and lymph node sinuses. (antikoerper-online.de)
A synthetic, specially- designed oligonucleotide with the ability to recognize and bind a protein ligand molecule or molecules with high affinity and specificity. (genomicglossaries.com)

In a recent phase1/2a randomized preventive HIV vaccine trial , Zvavahera (Mike) Chirenje, M.D., of the Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, and colleagues have identified a protein dose-sparing effect of the AS01B adjuvant. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
The trial utilized the ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) vaccine and an adjuvanted bivalent subtype C glycoprotein 120 (gp120) vaccine, providing valuable insights into the potential for improved HIV prevention strategies. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
Protein dose-sparing is a technique that aims to maximize the efficiency of vaccine production by reducing the amount of antigen needed in each dose. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
By optimizing the formulation and delivery of vaccines, protein dose-sparing can help stretch the limited vaccine supply and reach more people. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
The AIDSVAX vaccine was based on the gp120 envelope protein. (sciencedaily.com)
The first technology (E-160-2018) is a V1 region deleted gp120 modified protein, that shows an increased immune response to the V2 region and superior vaccine efficacy. (prweb.com)
The concept here is to use this method to manufacture the V1 region deleted gp120 modified protein, to further enhance the effectiveness of the resulting V1 deleted gp120 vaccine. (prweb.com)
In her paper, " Worse Than The Disease: Reviewing Some Possible Unintended Consequences of mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19 ," published in the International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice and Research in collaboration with Dr. Greg Nigh, 2 Seneff explains that a significant part of the problem is that while the natural spike protein is bad, the spike protein your body produces in response to the vaccine is even worse. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)

Multiplex human papillomavirus serology based on in situ-purified glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins. (cdc.gov)

however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)

Human eosinophils express CD4 protein and bind human immunodeficiency virus 1 gp120. (silverchair.com)
The VRC01 antibody is able to bind onto HIV at the CD4 binding site on the gp120 protein. (hptn.org)
Included are CD4 ANTIGENS, found on T4 lymphocytes, and monocytes/macrophages, which bind to the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120. (harvard.edu)

Here, we modulated membrane fluidity of human neuroblastoma CHP100 cells by modulating their cholesterol content, and investigated the ability of gp120 to induce cell death in comparison with the untreated cells. (univaq.it)
The CCR5 protein belongs to the beta chemokine receptors family of integral membrane proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The separated HIV-1 proteins are elecrotransferred from gel to a nitrocellulose membrane, which is then washed, blocked (to minimize nonspecific immunoglobulin binding), and packaged. (cdc.gov)
LIME: a new membrane Raft-associated adaptor protein involved in CD4 and CD8 coreceptor signaling. (exbio.cz)

The observed binding to the viral envelope spikes is the result of specific CD4-gp120 interaction, because binding was not observed with MICA-IgP, a construct that is identical to D1D2-IgP except that major histocompatibility complex Class I-related Chain A (MICA) replaces the CD4 moiety. (johnshopkins.edu)
Interaction between gp120 and ITGA4/ITGB7 would allow the virus to enter GALT early in the infection, infecting and killing most of GALT's resting CD4+ T-cells. (antikoerper-online.de)
Virus transmission to permissive T-cells occurs either in trans (without DCs infection, through viral capture and transmission), or in cis (following DCs productive infection, through the usual CD4-gp120 interaction), thereby inducing a robust infection. (antikoerper-online.de)
Characterization and classification of protein-protein interactions would allow us to organize information in protein-protein interaction networks, to make predictions on their function, as well as to facilitate drug design targeted at interfering with those disease-associated protein-protein interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
HIV-1 also has regulatory genes ( tat and rev ) and genes that encode for accessory proteins ( vpu , vpr , vif , and nef ) that are important in viral replication and interaction with the host. (medscape.com)

By using MAbs against p24 was found protein of 55-60 kDa in Cambodian and Kenyan samples but, suprisingly, no proteins were detected in bacterial extracts of American and Slovak AIDS patients by this MAbs. (nel.edu)
The protein of about 75-85 kDa was detected by MAbs against gp120 only in protein extracts obtained from yeasts Candida sp. (nel.edu)
The molecular weight of 55 kDa protein was detected by MAbs anti HIV p24, p17+p55. (nel.edu)
Surprisingly, such proteins were not found in bacterial extract from samples of American and Slovak patients by using the MAbs against HIV-specific protein p24. (nel.edu)
In Slovak and American samples, protein reacting with MAbs anti gp120 was not found. (nel.edu)

In humans, the CCR5 gene that encodes the CCR5 protein is located on the short (p) arm at position 21 on chromosome 3. (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes a member of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (nih.gov)

We tested this concept by administering two immunizations of alum-adjuvanted HIV-1 89.6 gp120 to macaques being primed at weeks 0 and 8 with SHIV 89.6 Gag-Pol-Env DNA and boosted at week 24 with SHIV-89.6 Gag-Pol-Env recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA). (nih.gov)
Eight months after vaccination, all animals were challenged intrarectally with the related, yet serologically distinct, SHIV-89.6P. The gp120 immunizations raised binding, but not neutralizing antibody for the challenge virus, and allowed testing of whether gp120 vaccines that fail to raise neutralizing antibody can improve protection. (nih.gov)
Rhesus macaques were immunized with 8 sequential mRNA immunizations or mRNA followed by protein boosts with purified homologous SOSIP trimers over a period of one year. (natap.org)

To determine the cellular mechanism whereby gp120 produces an accumulation of proBDNF, we examined the levels of intracellular and extracellular enzymes that proteolytically cleave proBDNF furin and tissue plasminogen, respectively. (jneurosci.org)
In rat neurons exposed to gp120, intracellular furin levels decreased before cell death, whereas tissue plasminogen changed only during apoptosis. (jneurosci.org)
Our data suggest that HIV, through gp120, reduces proBDNF processing by affecting furin levels, and therefore causes an altered balance between antiapoptotic and proapoptotic neurotrophins. (jneurosci.org)

As noted by Mikovits, we now know that the worst symptoms of COVID-19 are created by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein , and that is the very thing these gene-based vaccines are instructing your body to make. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
But it's far worse, as the vaccines do not cause your body to make the same spike protein as SARS-CoV-2 but one that has been genetically modified, making it far more toxic. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
It's a monkey virus coming out of a monkey cell line and that's the problem, but the spike protein is clearly [causing] the disease. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
But I think maybe the most disturbing thing is they actually modified the [RNA] code so that it doesn't produce a normal version of the spike protein. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
It produces a version that has a couple of prolines in it, side by side at the critical place where this spike protein normally would fuse with the cell that it's infecting. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)

We conclude that gp120 inoculations that fail to raise neutralizing antibody do not improve the efficacy of Gag-Pol-Env DNA/MVA vaccines. (nih.gov)

CCR5 furthermore interacts with CCL5 (a chemotactic cytokine protein also known as RANTES). (wikipedia.org)

Table 1 lists the major structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome. (cdc.gov)

Here, we describe the generation of 39 flaviviral virus-like particle (VLP)- and nonstructural protein 1 (NS1)-secreting stable cell lines in HEK-293 cells representing 13 medically important flaviviruses. (cdc.gov)

Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. (rndsystems.com)
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. (rndsystems.com)

Specific HIV-1 proteins are fractionated according to molecular weight by electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide slab gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). (cdc.gov)

Structural comparison of protein-protein interfaces provides valuable insights into the functional relationship between proteins, which may not solely arise from shared evolutionary origin. (biomedcentral.com)

Importantly, amino acid residues in all the 4 inserts have identity or similarity to those in the HIV-1 gp120 or HIV-1 Gag. (tribalwar.com)
The finding of 4 unique inserts in the 2019-nCoV, all of which have identity /similarity to amino acid residues in key structural proteins of HIV-1 is unlikely to be fortuitous in nature. (tribalwar.com)

The viral proteins are then transferred onto nitrocellulose paper and reacted with the patient's serum. (cdc.gov)

Visualization of the human immunoglobulins specifically bound to HIV-1 proteins is accomplished in situ by using a series of reactions with goat anti-human IgG conjugated with biotin, avidin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and the HRP substrate 4-chloro-1-naphthol. (cdc.gov)

Here we explore the patterns of HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation , and particularly the enrichment in glycosylation sites proximal to the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains. (bvsalud.org)
VSP, variant-specific surface protein. (cdc.gov)
Surface protein gp120 (SU) may target the virus to gut- associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) by binding host ITGA4/ITGB7 (alpha-4/beta-7 integrins), a complex that mediates T-cell migration to the GALT. (antikoerper-online.de)
Unbiased transcriptomic screens showed increased NK cell activation in people with HIV, without B46, and simultaneous single-cell profiling of surface proteins and transcriptomes revealed a NK cell subset primed for increased responses in the absence of B46. (cdc.gov)

At the center of protein-protein interactions are the binding surfaces, or interfacial residues which form contacts between binding partners and stabilize protein complexes. (biomedcentral.com)

The Gp120 envelope protein is a chemokine mimic. (wikipedia.org)

Protein-protein interactions play important functional roles in almost all biological activities, including, but not restricted to, signal transduction, gene regulation, catalytic enzymatic activities and structural roles [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
developed I2I-SiteEngine [ 12 ] to compare the physicochemical properties of the functional groups forming protein-protein interfaces, which uses an algorithm similar to pharmacophore mapping. (biomedcentral.com)

Detection of protein homolougs with HIV-1 antigens in bacteria of positive patients - phase II. (nel.edu)
Hainova K, Adamcikova Z, Ciernikova S, Stevurkova V, Krčméry V, Zajac V. Detection of protein homolougs with HIV-1 antigens in bacteria of positive patients - phase II. (nel.edu)

Eosinophil CD4 bound HIV-1 gp120 as assessed by competition for anti-OKT4A, but not anti-OKT4, mAb binding. (silverchair.com)
An antibody is used to precipitate a protein along with bound proteins. (genomicglossaries.com)

A neutralizing antibody recognizes a foreign protein (called an antigen), and by binding to it is able to block or neutralize the infectivity of the virus. (sciencedaily.com)
The part of an antigen that is recognized by an antibody is called an epitope, and it is usually a specific sequence of amino acids in the antigen protein. (sciencedaily.com)

Perhaps attaching another protein group onto the heavy chain of the antibody, or some such mechanism. (sciforums.com)
While these approaches provide insights into the mechanism of protein-protein recognition, they are not suitable for measuring similarities between a given pair of protein-protein interfaces. (biomedcentral.com)

co-immunoprecipitation Used to determine protein- protein interactions . (genomicglossaries.com)
Lund-Johansen F, Davis K, Bishop J, de Waal Malefyt R. Flow cytometric analysis of immunoprecipitates: high-throughput analysis of protein phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions. (bdbiosciences.com)

Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery in the fight against HIV/AIDS with the successful resolution of the enigmatic immune-evading HIV protein complex. (medindia.net)

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