• Binding to CD4 induces the start of a cascade of conformational changes in gp120 and gp41 that lead to the fusion of the viral membrane with the host cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • The primary env product is the protein gp160, which gets cleaved to gp120 (~480 amino acids) and gp41 (~345 amino acids) in the endoplasmatic reticulum by the cellular protease furin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gp120 is anchored to the viral membrane, or envelope, via non-covalent bonds with the transmembrane glycoprotein, gp41. (wikipedia.org)
  • gp120 can also easily be shed from the surface of the virus and captured by T cells due to its loose binding with gp41. (wikipedia.org)
  • The gp120-gp41 heterodimer allows rapid transcytosis of the virus through CD4 negative cells such as simple epithelial monolayers of the intestinal, rectal and endocervical epithelial barriers. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • Both gp120 and gp41 specifically recognize glycosphingolipids galactosyl-ceramide (GalCer) or 3' sulfo- galactosyl-ceramide (GalS) present in the lipid rafts structures of epithelial cells. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • We use the HIV envelope protein (gp120/gp41) as a model system. (stanford.edu)
  • The RNA is covered in an envelope known as capsid which has two glycoproteins (a kind of protein molecule that incorporates a sugar molecule), gp120 and gp41, embedded in its surface. (hdkino.org)
  • The envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1 consists of the surface subunit gp120 and the transmembrane subunit gp41. (proteopedia.org)
  • Binding of gp120 to target cell receptors induces a conformational change in gp41, which then mediates the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. (proteopedia.org)
  • The role of Ile573 in determining the structure and function of the gp120-gp41 complex was investigated by mutating this residue to threonine, a nonconservative substitution in HIV-1 that occurs naturally in SIV. (proteopedia.org)
  • Our results demonstrate that the proper folding of the gp41 core underlies the membrane fusion properties of the gp120-gp41 complex. (proteopedia.org)
  • If antibodies to any of the major HIV-1 antigens are present in the specimen in sufficient concentration, bands corresponding to the position of one or more of the following HIV-1 proteins (p) or glycoproteins (gp) will be seen on the nitrocellulose strip: p17, p24, p31, gp41, p51, p66, gp120, gp160 (number refers to apparent molecular mass in kilodaltons). (cdc.gov)
  • Alterations in gp120 glycans or the gp41 fusion peptide-proximal region modulate the stability of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein pretriggered conformation. (harvard.edu)
  • Hence, molecular characterization of its epitope, which corresponds to a conserved cluster of oligomannoses on the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120, is a high priority in HIV vaccine design. (boku.ac.at)
  • Summary: Intrathecal (IT) HIV-1 glycoprotein, gp120: (a) produces thermal hyperalgesia & low threshold mechanical allodynia, and (b) increases interleukin-1β (IL1β) protein levels in lumbosacral (LS) spinal cord tissue & surrounding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (atsbio.com)
  • LS spinal cord was collected 1.5 & 3 hrs after IT gp120 injection & verification of allodynia for immunocytochemistry (ICC) & in situ analysis of IL1β protein & mRNA. (atsbio.com)
  • IT gp120 produced allodynia & increased IL1β protein ICC expression in LS spinal white (astrocytes) & gray matter (cells not identifiable) at 1.5 but not 3 hrs after injection. (atsbio.com)
  • The surface protein gp120 (SU) attaches the virus to the host lymphoid cell by binding to the primary receptor CD4. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • Surface protein gp120 (SU) may target the virus to gut- associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) by binding host ITGA4/ITGB7 (alpha-4/beta-7 integrins), a complex that mediates T-cell migration to the GALT. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • The surface protein gp120 is a ligand for CD209/DC-SIGN and CLEC4M/DC-SIGNR, which are respectively found on dendritic cells (DCs), and on endothelial cells of liver sinusoids and lymph node sinuses. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • Li B, Shi Y, Shu J, Gao J, Wu P and Tang S-J, 2013 Wingless-type mammary tumor virus integration site family, member 5A (Wnt5a) regulates human immunodeficiency virus type1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp 120)-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (caMKII) and c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways. (utmb.edu)
  • Recall that an adhesin is a protein or glycoprotein found on the surface of a pathogen that attaches to receptors on the host cell. (pressbooks.pub)
  • It is disclosed herein that the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 binds to α4β7 integrin on CD4+ T-cells, natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T-cells. (justia.com)
  • Many neutralizing antibodies bind to sites located in variable regions of gp120, so mutations in these regions will be selected for strongly. (wikipedia.org)
  • PNGSs allow for the binding of long-chain carbohydrates to the high variability regions of gp120, so the authors hypothesize that the number of PNGSs in env might affect the fitness of the virus by providing more or less sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
  • As the host immune system develops antibodies against gp120, immune pressures seem to select for increased glycosylation, particularly on the exposed variable loops of gp120. (wikipedia.org)
  • Consequently, insertions in env, which confer more PNGSs on gp120 may be more tolerated by the virus as higher glycan density promotes the viral ability to evade antibodies and thus promotes higher viral fitness. (wikipedia.org)
  • In considering how much PNGS density could theoretically change, there may be an upper bound to PNGS number due to its inhibition of gp120 folding, but if the PNGS number decreases substantially, then the virus is too easily detected by neutralizing antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] The relationship between gp120 and neutralizing antibodies is an example of Red Queen evolutionary dynamics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Efforts to develop HIV vaccines targeting gp120, however, have been hampered by the chemical and structural properties of gp120, which make it difficult for antibodies to bind to it. (wikipedia.org)
  • This peculiar 2 stage receptor-interaction strategy allows gp120 to maintain the highly conserved coreceptor-binding site in a cryptic conformation, protected from neutralizing antibodies. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • Interaction Analysis between HIV gp120 and the Antibodies by Fragment Molecular Orbital Method. (openwetware.org)
  • Human Anti-HIV-1 gp120 Monoclonal Antibodies with Neutralizing Activity Cloned from Humanized Mice Infected with HIV-1. (openwetware.org)
  • Modulation of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein-mediated entry by human antibodies. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The susceptibility of the envelope glycoprotein chimeric viruses to neutralization or enhancement of infectivity proved to be primarily determined by the configuration of the V3 loop, and the affinity of the antibodies to monomeric HIV-1 gp160 molecules, proved to be of quantitative importance only. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • HIV envelope glycoprotein complexes elicit broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies in rhesus macaques. (the-scientist.com)
  • They observed that in rhesus macaques, crosslinked complexes of soluble human CD4 and gp120 or gp140 envelope glycoproteins generated antibodies that neutralized a wide range of primary HIV-1 isolates. (the-scientist.com)
  • However, immunization with recombinant gp120 does not elicit neutralizing antibodies against multiple HIV-1 isolates, and failed to demonstrate efficacy in recent clinical trials. (scielo.br)
  • Based on crystallographic studies of gp120 molecules from HIV-1 and SIV and on studies of antibody structures, a number of strategies are being pursued to induce broadly neutralizing anti-gp120 antibodies. (scielo.br)
  • The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is the sole viral target of bnAbs, but is also targeted by binding, non-neutralizing antibodies. (plos.org)
  • CD4 (T4) is a single chain transmembrane glycoprotein and belongs to immunoglobulin supergene family. (exbio.cz)
  • Because of its surface-exposed location, the glycoprotein gp120 which is anchored to the viral surface by gp-41, a transmembrane unit, seemed a natural first choice as a subunit vaccine candidate. (scielo.br)
  • CD4, also known as T4, is a 55 kD single-chain type I transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on most thymocytes, a subset of T cells, and monocytes/macrophages. (biolegend.com)
  • While the transmitting host has developed a neutralizing antibody response to gp120, the newly infected host lacks immune recognition of the virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Activated astrocytes & microglia (glia) release IL1β in response to gp120, and IT IL1 receptor antagonist or glial metabolic inhibitors prevent IT gp120-induced allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. (atsbio.com)
  • Since CD4 receptor binding is the most obvious step in HIV infection, gp120 was among the first targets of HIV vaccine research. (wikipedia.org)
  • The presence of large carbohydrate chains extending from gp120 might obscure possible antibody binding sites. (wikipedia.org)
  • A conserved region in the gp120 glycoprotein that is involved in the metastable attachment of gp120 to CD4 has been identified and targeting of invariant region has been achieved with a broadly neutralising antibody, IgG1-b12. (wikipedia.org)
  • We are examining IT gp120 allodynia & hyperalgesia after an IT microglia-specific toxin (Saporin-linked Mac-1 antibody) injection that disrupts glial function. (atsbio.com)
  • gp120 peptide is used for blocking the activity of presenilin1 antibody. (prosci-inc.com)
  • Structure of an HIV gp120 envelope glycoprotein in complex with the CD4 receptor and a neutralizing human antibody. (openwetware.org)
  • Structure of HIV-1 gp120 V1/V2 domain with broadly neutralizing antibody PG9. (openwetware.org)
  • Ibalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody to CD4, the cell surface receptor for the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (gp120), which is used to treat patients with multidrug resistant HIV-1 infection. (nih.gov)
  • Ibalizumab (eye' ba liz' ue mab) is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody to CD4, the cell surface receptor for the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120). (nih.gov)
  • The antibody MEM-241 recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD4 antigen, a 55 kDa transmebrane glycoprotein expressed on a subset of T lymphocytes ("helper" T-cells) and also on monocytes, tissue macrophages and granulocytes. (exbio.cz)
  • To study the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, a series of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins from closely related primary virus isolates of different syncytium inducing phenotypes, together with chimeras of these proteins, were tested in an envelope transcomplementation assay for their sensitivity to either antibody mediated inhibition or enhancement of HIV-1 entry. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Based on the observation that, in contrast to the inhibition of HIV-1 entry, antibody mediated enhancement was not temperature dependent and could not be mediated by F(ab) fragments, we concluded that the mechanisms underlying these phenomena are different and that antibody mediated enhancement of HIV-1 entry is largely if not exclusively mediated by HIV-1 glycoprotein cross-linking. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Our combined studies reveal that 2G12 is capable of binding both the D1 and D3 arms of the Man(9)GIcNAC(2) moiety, which would provide more flexibility to make the required multivalent interactions between the antibody and the gp120 oligomannose cluster than thought previously. (boku.ac.at)
  • Attachment inhibitors bind directly to the viral envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120), close to the CD4+ binding site, which prohibits the conformational change necessary for initial interaction between the virus and the surface receptors on CD4 cells, thereby preventing attachment and subsequent entry into host T cells and other immune cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A conserved HIV gp120 glycoprotein structure involved in chemokine receptor binding. (openwetware.org)
  • Ibalizumab does not block the binding of gp120 to CD4 but rather inhibits the conformation changes in the CD4/gp120 complex that allows binding to a second cellular receptor, chemokine-receptor-4 (CXCR4), thus inhibiting HIV replication. (nih.gov)
  • CD4 is primary receptor for HIV-1 surface glycoprotein gp120). (exbio.cz)
  • CXCR4 has been proved to be the co-receptor for HIV-2's binding to CD4 through envelope glycoprotein gp 120 and promotes Env-mediated fusion of the virus. (thermofisher.com)
  • CD4 acts as a primary receptor for HIV, binding to HIV gp120. (biolegend.com)
  • The strategy underlying these CD4 based therapies, i.e. blocking the interaction between gp120 and the CD4 receptor, encompasses advantages distinct from current HAART regimens. (justia.com)
  • Tienen un empleo potencial en el tratamiento del SIDA ya que poseen propiedades de unión a gp120 y de bloqueo del VIH de rCD4 así como una gran semivida plasmática y funcioones de unión al receptor Fc de la inmunoglobulina. (bvsalud.org)
  • These have potential use in the therapy of AIDS since they possess both the gp120-binding and HIV-blocking properties of rCD4 as well as the long plasma half-life and Fc receptor-binding functions of immunoglobulin. (bvsalud.org)
  • CD4-binding obstacles in conformational transitions and allosteric communications of HIV gp120. (openwetware.org)
  • The mutant envelope glycoprotein expressed in 293T cells and incorporated within pseudotyped virions displayed only a moderate reduction in syncytium-inducing capacity and virus infectivity, respectively. (proteopedia.org)
  • Gp120 is essential for virus entry into cells as it plays a vital role in attachment to specific cell surface receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Structural basis of immune evasion at the site of CD4 attachment on HIV-1 gp120. (openwetware.org)
  • IL-16 (binds to CD4 domain 3), human seminal plasma glycoprotein gp17 (binds to CD4 domain 1), L-selectin. (exbio.cz)
  • Griffithsin's antiviral activity stems from its ability to bind terminal mannoses present in high-mannose oligosaccharides and crosslink these glycans on the surface of the viral envelope glycoproteins. (mdpi.com)
  • The antigenic structure of the HIV gp120 envelope glycoprotein. (openwetware.org)
  • Envelope glycoprotein GP120 (or gp120) is a glycoprotein exposed on the surface of the HIV envelope. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both the V2 and V3 regions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 surface glycoprotein functionally interact with other envelope regions in syncytium formation. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The primary immunologic abnormality resulting from infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the progressive depletion and functional impairment of T lymphocytes expressing the CD4 cell surface glycoprotein. (justia.com)
  • analyzed the immunologic potential of a HIV-1IIIB envelope structure expressed as either a gp120-CD4 or a gp140-CD4 complex. (the-scientist.com)
  • We found 4 insertions in the spike glycoprotein (S) which are unique to the 2019-nCoV and are not present in other coronaviruses. (tribalwar.com)
  • We determined whether IT gp120 produces glial activation and increased expression of glial IL1β as well as allodynia. (atsbio.com)
  • Interaction between gp120 and ITGA4/ITGB7 would allow the virus to enter GALT early in the infection, infecting and killing most of GALT's resting CD4+ T-cells. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • Virus transmission to permissive T-cells occurs either in trans (without DCs infection, through viral capture and transmission), or in cis (following DCs productive infection, through the usual CD4-gp120 interaction), thereby inducing a robust infection. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • The methods can include administering to a subject with an HIV infection a therapeutically effective amount of an agent that interferes with the interaction of gp120 and α4 integrin, such as a α4β1 or α4β7 integrin antagonist, thereby treating the HIV infection. (justia.com)
  • The methods include contacting a cell with an effective amount of an agent that interferes with the interaction of gp120 and α4 integrin, such as a α4β1 or α4β7 integrin antagonist. (justia.com)
  • Cryo-EM structure of a CD4-bound open HIV-1 envelope trimer reveals structural rearrangements of the gp120 V1V2 loop. (openwetware.org)
  • Energetics of the HIV gp120-CD4 binding reaction. (openwetware.org)
  • The Molecular Basis of pH-Modulated HIV gp120 Binding Revealed. (openwetware.org)
  • To characterize the specificity of 2G12 more precisely, we performed solution-phase ELISA, carbohydrate microarray analysis, and cocrystallized Fab 2G12 with four different oligomannose derivatives (Man(4), Man(5), Man(7), and Man(8)) that compete with gp120 for binding to 2G12. (boku.ac.at)
  • Importantly, amino acid residues in all the 4 inserts have identity or similarity to those in the HIV-1 gp120 or HIV-1 Gag. (tribalwar.com)
  • The crystal structure of core gp120 shows an organization with an outer domain, an inner domain with respect to its termini and a bridging sheet. (wikipedia.org)
  • Structure of a V3-containing HIV-1 gp120 core. (openwetware.org)
  • The env gene encodes for glycoprotein (gp) 120 and gp 41. (medscape.com)
  • ICC for glial activation markers was performed 4,8 & 18 hrs after IT gp120 in LS & cervical spinal cords, as upregulation of these markers is delayed relative to behavioral changes. (atsbio.com)
  • Glial activation (ICC) was observed in LS tissue 8 & 18 hrs after IT gp120. (atsbio.com)
  • Since gp120 plays a vital role in the ability of HIV-1 to enter CD4+ cells, its evolution is of particular interest. (wikipedia.org)